Дисертації з теми "Bactéries – Influence"
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Viala, Serge. "Croissance cristalline de phosphates de calcium : influence de bactéries ; influence du chitosane." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT052G.
Повний текст джерелаMille, Yannick. "Influence des conditions de déshydratation sur la survie des bactéries : rôle de la membrane : application à l'optimisation du séchage de bactéries lactiques." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS016.
Повний текст джерелаThion, Cécile. "Influence des Interactions bactéries-champignons sur la dissipation des HAP dans la rhizosphère." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0023/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissipation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), very common and persistant pollutants in soils from industrial wastelands, involve the action of bacterial and fungal microorganisms. However their respective contribution, and the influence of the microbial and plant-microbe interactions on in situ PAH dissipation, are poorly known and fungal communities were scarcely studied in such environments. This work aimed to study the fate of PAHs in rhizosphere under the influence of microorganisms and their interactions and to estimate the fungal diversity in contaminated soils. The dynamic of fungal communities was monitored in situ for 5 years, by real-time PCR and Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) in an aged PAH-polluted soil and in the same soil treated by thermal desorption. The results showed that plants had a positive effect on fungal abundance and diversity and were the main driver of fungal community structure, dominated by Ascomycetes. Besides, bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from this soil and screened for their ability to dissipate PAHs in vitro. Among them, the bacteria Arthrobacter oxydans Pyr2MsHM11 and the fungus Fusarium solani MM1 were chosen as model strains to study their individual and simultaneous effect on PAH dissipation in different experimental conditions, from liquid cultures to planted soil microcosms with a complex microflora. It was found that interactions between microorganisms, notably competition, had a crucial influence on their growth and on the expression of their PAH dissipation potential
Duperron, Sébastien. "Symbioses bactériennes de bivalves mytilidés associés aux sources de fluides en domaine océanique profond : diversité, rôle nutritionnel et influence de l'environnement." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066498.
Повний текст джерелаGaval, Gilberte. "Influence des carences en oxygène sur la prolifération des bactéries filamenteuses en boues activées." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112269.
Повний текст джерелаTwenty five percent of french suffer from activated sludge bulking. It induces an excessive growth of filamentous bacteria and can cause severe damages to the environment. In a first part, the influence of oxygen deficiencies on filamentous bacteria proliferation has been studied in wastewater treatment pilots plants. A sole period of oxygen deficiency only induces weak growth of filaments such as S. Natans, Thiothrix sp, Eikelboom type 021N or N. Limicola-like microorganisms. Accumulate stress periods seems to have a great impact on the filamentous bacteria proliferation. Repetition of identical stresses causes an amplification of filamentous bacteria response. The latter depends on stresses intensity, stresses application frequency and stresses number. Accumulate oxygen deficiencies led to the bulking of S. Natans and important developments of Thiothrix sp and Eikelboom type 021N. The second part deals with morphological transition of the bacterium Sphaerotilus. .
Simon-Deckers, Angélique. "Effets biologiques de nanoparticules manufacturées : influence de leurs caractéristiques." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4918/01/Thèse_Angélique_SIMON-DECKERS.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRichaume-Jolion, Agnès. "Influence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur le transfert de plasmides entre bactéries dans le sol." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10167.
Повний текст джерелаLepesteur, Muriel. "Influence des particules fines et des paramètres physicochimiques sur la distribution des bactéries et leur activité respiratoire en milieux estuariens et côtiers." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066249.
Повний текст джерелаRanjard, Lionel. "Réponse des communautés bactériennes telluriques à un apport de mercure inorganique : influence de la localisation des bactéries." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10187.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Darrène. "Influence de variations de conditions environnementales sur l'évolution des biofilms oraux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0029/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe oral ecosystem presents a great complexity since it can harbor more than 700 different bacterial species. Most of them are organized in a biofilm on both the dental and the mucosal surfaces. Studying this complex environment is of utmost importance because a rupture in its stability can lead to the preeminence of pathogenic microorganisms, causing dental decay, gingivitis and periodontitis.For many years, the study of the oral ecosystem was conducted throught a reductionist approach: microbiologists studies bacterial strains individually. This strategy allowed the understanding of all different components of this ecosystem, but lacked the transposition of its conclusions to the study of a whole complex oral biofilm. As a matter of fact, bacteria don’t behave the same way in a planktonic state or when they are organized in a biofilm.The oral microflora is known to be one of the most complex floras hosted by the human body. The multitude of strains hardens its study. Indeed, its in vitro reproduction is made as complex as the different interactions occurring between each strain. Moreover, harvesting and quantitative and qualitative analysis of such biofilms remain very delicate procedures.Several biofilm models have been described in the literature. In vitro dynamic multispecies models share the same asset: to closely mimic in vivo conditions. They allow a medium flow, and parametrical controls such as pH, temperature; and waste removal. However, those models are very expensive and difficult to master. Also, bacterial identification is still a tough matter : traditional culture methods have shown their limits, and don’t allow a quantitative analysis, which is essential to understand the phenomenons occurring in this ecosystem.The aim of our work was to set up a dynamic multispecies oral biofilm, both reliable and reproducible, easy to set up and less expensive than those previously described in the literature. This model shall allow the study of environmental conditions variations and the efficiency of probiotic candidates that already showed their efficacy on static supports.Lastly, we compared different biofilm identification methods, traditional culture, conventional PCR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and quantitative PCR, in order to establish a reproducible identification protocol allowing both quantitative and qualitative analysis
Aouad, Georges. "Influence de Pseudomonas aeruginosa sur la dégradation de silicates : Incidence sur la stabilité de matrices de confinement de déchets et d'un machefer industriel." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/AOUAD_Georges_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаToday it is generally accepted that alteration of rocks as well as anthropogenic products is not only driven by the interaction with water or mineral aqueous solutions. Organic compounds and also microorganisms are of importance for material degradation together with secondary mineralization. However, the exact role of some bacteria in these processes remains unclear in such complex systems. There is no convincing experimental validation of such phenomenon for silicate phases. The goal of this thesis was to experimentally evaluate the effect of one type of bacteria largely widespread in nature and producing biofilm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) during the alteration of some silicates of environmental interest. The tested materials are the french nuclear glass SON68, a basaltic glass, a vitrified industrial bottom ash (JAP) and a municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MIOM). We elaborated a specific medium allowing both the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a precise measurement of trace elements solubilized from materials. The total solubilized mass are systematically higher in sterile condition than in biotic one in proportions going from 26 to 79% depending on element and material. The dissolution rate of MIOM is 5. 3 10-4 g. M-2. J-1 in biotic condition and 7. 6 10-4 g. M-2. J-1 in the sterile one. The vitrified bottom ash dissolution rate is 7. 7 10-4 g. M-2. J-1 in presence of P. Aeruginosa and 12. 8 10-4 g. M-2. J-1 without bacteria. Basalt deteriorates with a rate of 18. 3 10-4 g. M-2. J-1 in biotic and 29. 8 10-4 g. M-2. J-1 in sterile system. Finally SON68 glass has a dissolution rate of 17. 6 10-4 g. M-2. J-1 in biotic medium and 25. 0 10-4 g. M-2. J-1 in the sterile one. In addition, the biofilm trap large proportions of potentially toxic elements
Dajoux, Malard Emilie. "Corrosion des aciers faiblement alliés en eau de mer naturelle : influence des éléments d'alliage et des bactéries." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2047.
Повний текст джерелаMetallic infrastructures immersed in natural seawater are exposed to important corrosion phenomena, sometimes characterised as microbiologically influenced corrosion. The presence of alloying elements in low alloy steels could present a corrosion resistance improvement of the structures. In this context, tests are performed with commercial steel grades, from 0,05wt% Cr to 11,5wt% Cr. They consist in “on site” immersion in natural seawater on the one hand, and in laboratory tests with immersion in media enriched with marine sulphide-producing bacteria on the other hand. Gravimetric, microbiological, electrochemical measurements and corrosion product analyses are carried out and show that corrosion phenomenon is composed of several stages. A preliminary step is the reduction of the corrosion kinetics and is correlated with the presence of sessile sulphide-producing bacteria and an important formation of sulphur-containing species. This phase is shorter when the alloying element content of the steel increases. This phase is probably followed by an increase of corrosion, appearing clearly after an 8-month immersion in natural seawater for some of the grade steels. Chromium and molybdenum show at the same time a beneficial influence to generalised corrosion resistance and a toxic effect on sulphide-producing bacteria. This multidisciplinary study reflects the complexity of the interactions between bacteria and steels ; sulphide-producing bacteria seem to be involved in corrosion processes in natural seawater and complementary studies would have to clarify occurring mechanisms
Nguyen, Thanh Ha. "Influence de l'incorporation des bactéries et des granulats légers sur les performances des bétons à matrice cimentaire." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1011.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with bacterial self-healing of concrete of C35 / 45 resistance class, S4 consistency class and an XF3 exposure environment class.A bacterial adjuvant was included in the formulation with a concentration of 105 cells / ml. It consists of Bacillus Subtilis peptone and yeast extract. It is shown that the incorporation of the bacterial adjuvant results in a decrease in porosity and gas permeability, an increase in mechanical strength, dynamic modulus and an improvement in durability. Complete self-healing of micro fissured specimens was observed at 44 days. The validity of the use of the EuroCode 2 model, to predict the acquisition of resistances over the time, was verified and validated. However, it is observed that after 90 days, the effect of the bacterial adjuvant on the studied properties reaches a steady state, due to the passage of bacteria from an active state to an inactive state and therefore of a form vegetative to a sporulated state. Thus, the use of this type of bacterial adjuvant will not allow the repair of damaged structures after a few years of their service life. The so-called "indirect" method seems the most appropriate in these cases. The bacterium is, then, immobilized with nutrients in other porous materials. It is proposed to use expanded clay type aggregates.A preliminary study has been conducted in order to find the percentage of lightweight aggregates to incorporate in the concrete formulation without affecting the properties of use. Hence, six mortars were elaborated by incorporating different volumetric rates of lightweight sand (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Relationships between the mechanical and thermal characteristics and the compressive strength as well the density of mortars were established. The density was related to the rate of incorporation, Tv, as well as the density of the sand.It is exhibited that Tv = 10% is the optimum volume fraction of lightweight sand. A concrete incorporating 10% of lightweight aggregate has been formulated and its characteristics compared to control concrete. It is shown that concrete incorporating 10% light aggregate can be used as structural concrete
Ulvé, Stephane. "Influence des propriétés de surface des peintures antisalissures marines sur le microfouling." Lorient, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LORIS044.
Повний текст джерелаAny surface immersed in sea water is gradually covered by biofouling. The use of antifouling paint is the best way to avoid biofouling. Legislation becomes more and more draconian. A better comprehension of involved phenomena is then required to find new formulations in order to reduce toxicity of marine paints. A physicochemical and microbiological approache made it possible by characterising the evolution of surface properties of paints and their constitutive polymers and by studying their influence on marine bacteria adhesion. The analysis of surface properties showed that paints had quite similar properties and that their hydrophily increased after immersion. In situ, a selection of adherent bacteria was found to be based on production of biosurfactant. A great number of parameters have to be studied in order to improve antifouling paint formulations
Afi, Latifa. "Influence de la nature des parois cellulaires sur la dégradation bactérienne chez deux chlorophycées (Chlorella vulgaris et Chlorella emersonii)." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066004.
Повний текст джерелаN'Diaye, Awa. "Endocrinologie microbienne de la peau : influence des peptides endogènes sur la virulence de bactéries de la microflore cutanée." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES014.
Повний текст джерелаSkin harbours the second microbiote of the human body and its largest neuroendocrine organ. As skin neurohormes diffuse in sweet and epidermis, skin bacteria are exposed to these host factors. Since the pioneering works of M. Lyte who established the basis of Microbial Endicronology it is known that bacteria can sense a multitude of hormones. The mechanism of action of skin neuropeptides, such as Substance P and CGRP, was investigated on representative cutaneous bacteria leading to the identification of moonlighting (multifunctional) proteins acting as bacterial sensors and the demonstration that host factors are key regulators of skin microbiote homeostasis
Fouchard, Samuel. "Influence des conditions de culture sur la composition membranaire et la production de métabolites secondaires chez les bactéries." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0803.
Повний текст джерелаDuring this work, two series of analyses were carried out in parallel to control the influence of environmental factors on Pseudomonasfluorescens. The first one has consisted in controlling that phospholipid fatty acids profile of the bacterial membrane is closely related to the culture conditions of the bacterium. In the second part, the bacterial secondary metabolism was investigated. These two series of analyses have showed similarities concerning the influence of the culture conditions on the fatty acids composition and the metabolites production. Indeed, in both cases, a statistical analysis has showed that the growth phase and the culture temperature are the prevalent factors. This suggests there is a link between the fatty acids profile of the membrane and the secondary metabolites production. This link seems to be expressed through membrane proteins whose activity is affected by the variations of phospholipid fatty acids composition
Limonet, Maxime. "Interactions entre peptides biocides et membranes bactériennes : influence des deux mésentérocines produites par Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp : mesenteroides FR52 sur des souches cibles sensibles ou résistantes des genres Leuconostoc et Weissella." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL064N.
Повний текст джерелаPerrin, Yoann. "Étude des communautés bactériennes d’un réseau d’eau potable. Influence des paramètres environnementaux." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2289/document.
Повний текст джерелаBacteria are an indivisible component of drinking water distribution systems which, by colonizing them, form complex communities. It is assumed that variations in the structure and composition of this microbiome could reflect a change in water quality related to different events (stagnation, biocorrosion, pressure change, etc.). A major sampling campaign was conducted within the Paris drinking water distribution systems allowing to assess the diversity and the dynamic of these bacterial communities using three different methods: description of the community by metabarcoding, heterotrophic plate count and quantification by PCR of three opportunistic pathogens, Mycobacterium spp. L. pneumophila, and P. aeruginosa. This study revealed some diversity within the drinking water bacterial communities. Culture and quantitative PCR methods also reveal the ecological importance of the Mycobacterium genus. The integration of spatio-temporal and physico-chemical parameters of drinking water into analyses has highlighted a relative stability of bacterial communities. However, variations in the structure of the communities are visible following important climatic events, without consequences on the sanitary quality of the water. Altogether, our work suggests that the use in parallel of different methodologies, particularly metabarcoding, has improved our knowledge of the bacterial communities within the Paris drinking water distribution systems and better observe subtle changes, invisible to conventional methods
Benbouzid-Rollet, Nadia. "Influence des bactéries sulfato-réductrices sur la corrosion d'acier en milieu marin : étude au laboratoire et en milieu marin." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2030.
Повний текст джерелаN'gadjaga, Maimouna Djamila Sadio. "Influence and reliance of Chlamydia trachomatis on host glucose metabolism." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS486.
Повний текст джерелаMicroorganisms with an intracellular development lifestyle exert a strong pressure on the metabolism of their host, since they obtain all their nutriments from its cytoplasm. The obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis provides an extreme illustration of this: they rely on the host not only for the supply of glucose, their main carbon source, but probably also, at least partially, for the supply of the energy currency generated through glucose catabolism, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These bacteria undergo a particular biphasic developmental cycle: the infectious bacteria, or elementary bodies (EBs), adhere to the membrane of a host cell, typically of the epithelium of the genital tract, and trigger their internalization. Once inside a membrane-bound compartment, called an inclusion, the bacteria express a new set of genes and convert to reticulate bodies (RBs). This only replicative form of the bacteria has a higher metabolism than EBs. Bacteria multiply in the inclusion several times until RBs convert back to EBs, which, once released, can initiate a new infectious cycle. The metabolic pressure exerted by the bacteria on their host thus evolves with time. However, whether infection modulates the metabolism of its host, and the degree of the reliance of individual steps of the bacterial development cycle on host metabolism, remain largely unknown. In this work, using primary epithelial cells and a cell line of non tumoral origin, we showed that the two main ATP producing pathways of the host, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, remained fairly stable during infection. These results suggest that, against our expectations, there is no significant shift of the host metabolism towards glycolysis during infection. Inhibition of either pathway strongly reduced the capacity of the bacteria to undergo a developmental cycle. While EBs showed some degree of energetic autonomy in the synthesis of the first proteins expressed at the onset of infection, a functional glycolysis was necessary for the establishment of early inclusions, while oxidative phosphorylation is less needed at this early stage of development. The relative importance of the two pathways to sustain the initial steps of infection correlates with their relative contribution in maintaining ATP levels in epithelial cells, glycolysis being the main contributor. Altogether, this work confirms the dependence of the bacteria on the ATP production capacity of the host. However, ATP consumption by the bacteria appears to be fairly balanced with the normal production capacity of the host, and the autonomous production capacity of the bacteria, so that no major shift in host metabolism is required to meet bacterial needs
Maitte, Baptiste. "Influence de l'activité bactérienne ferro-oxydante et ferriréductrice sur les propriétés minéralogiques et micromécaniques du minerai de fer dans le contexte des mines abandonnées de Lorraine." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0256/document.
Повний текст джерелаMine collapses occurred in Lorraine (France) because of the failure of safety pillars made of iron ore. Their failure is not only due to the mechanic stresses applied by the overburden, but also due to the various mineralogical transformations in iron ore which decrease material cohesion and resistance and thus stability of pillars. This is called mineralogical alteration/ageing of iron ore. Chemical mechanisms inducing these mineralogical transformations are now well known but the influence of microbial activity is not well understood yet. Preliminary works have raised the possible role of microbial activity, then the focus of this work was to identify the various bacterial metabolisms capable of reacting with iron ore and to characterize the physico-chemical, mineralogical and mechanical effects. The bacterial metabolism groups possibly implied in these reactions (iron-reducing (IRB), iron-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)) were identified from the mine water. As pure strain or as consortium, these bacteria were incubated with iron ore. Under laboratory conditions, only iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing and acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria impacted iron ore samples by modifying the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio. A ferrous-carbonate phase and pyrite were formed during incubations with IRB and SRB, respectively. These minerals were characterized from analysis of the solid phase (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction). The impact nitrate-reducing bacteria was also tested but the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio of iron ore was not modified significantly. Finally, mechanical properties of iron ore were measured after microbial and purely chemical redox reactions. Discernible modifications of these mechanical properties were observed. From these results, the alteration of iron ore mechanical properties by bacterial activities is a realistic assumption
Ambroise, Denis. "Influence de la variabilité de la mesure des bactéries de l'air sur l'évaluation du risque infectieux : exemple de la légionellose." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10008.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of our study was to develop a quantitative microbiological risk assessment involving the respiratory pathway. We chose the example of Legionnaires'disease, on the basis of two types of exposure : when taking a shower and being outside in the vicinity of a cooling tower. We collected suitable data in international scientific literature, which allowed us to integrate individual susceptibility factors such as sex, age or smoking habits in our calculations. We established a dose-response relationship by fitting the results of an animal exposure experiment to different models used in microbiological foodborne or waterborne risk assesment. We used a probabilistic approach based on Monte Carlo simulations for risk characterization. "Legionella" concentrations of 2 CFU. M-3 in the air near showers and 0,02 CFU. M-3 near cooling towers amount to an annual risk estimate of 10-5. Taking the exposure measurement variability into account does not change our risk estimation for concentrations above 100 CFU. M-3, but it decreases for lowest ones, which probably are more frequently encountered in the case of "Legionella" exposure
Mitalane-Goulhiane, Jalila. "Les biofilms bactériens : influence des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface sur l'adhésion et détection d'un biopolymère chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS080.
Повний текст джерелаBiofilms can be defined as communities of micro organisms attached to a surface and embedded in a protective matrix. Bacterial biofilms are implicated in a significant amount of human infections, fouling, product contamination …. A comprehension of the process of biofilm formation will make it possible to prevent its formation on different surfaces or at least a better control of it. This thesis is divided into two different subjects in connection with biofilm formation. The first goal of this research project was carried out within the framework of the development of new antifouling techniques in seawater. Our work consisted in seeking the parameters influencing the first stages of formation of the biofilm i. E. The adhesion of the bacteria. Experiences were carried out on adherent bacteria on a surface immersed in sea water. We determined three of their surface physico-chemical characters which could be implied in their adhesion. The hydrophobicity of surface, the electrostatic charge and the acid-base character. Although all the bacteria adhered to a hydrophilic surface, they presented at the same time the hydrophilic and hydrophobic character with a preponderance of the hydrophilic character. They all presented an electronegative net charge of the surface at pH of seawater. The majority presented an electron-donating character; some could not generate Lewis acid-base interactions with the support. Consequently, according to these results it seemed very difficult to us to explain the adhesion of the bacteria by the combination of these various physico-chemical properties. Lastly, the development of new antifouling paints should take into account in addition to these surface properties other cellular properties which the bacterium uses for its adhesion on an immersed surface in sea water. The second objective of this thesis is to seek the cellular modifications taking place during their transition from planctonic organisms to surface-attached community. The model bacterium of this research is the wild type PAO1 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis were made using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry on intact bacteria. The result obtained consists in the discovery of new a biopolymer on the surface of this bacterium having a range of mass ranging between 2000 and 8000 g/mol and whose monomer is characterized by a molecular mass of 128. The various tests applied to this biopolymer have leads to a certain number of properties which characterize it. The research of the role of this biopolymer in the formation of the biofilm informed us on its participation in adhesion of the bacteria which synthesize it
Buchon, Laurent. "Influence de la température sur la physiologie de la croissance et la production d'enzymes exocellulaires chez des bactéries adaptées aux basses températures." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES046.
Повний текст джерелаBorraccino, Rémi. "Biodégradation couplée aérobie/anaérobie de composés phénoliques toxiques : transformation abiotique du catéchol et du 1-naphtol en solution aqueuse : influence des facteurs environnementaux." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1003.
Повний текст джерелаHidalgo, Hélène. "Qualité microbiologique de l'air et systèmes de climatisation : étude de la flore bactérienne et fongique et influence des caractéristiques de l'installation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE18006.
Повний текст джерелаRatajczak, Céline. "Régulation de la fonction des cellules dendritiques par les bactéries lactiques : influence du statut allergique du donneur et de l'épithélium intestinal." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S066.
Повний текст джерелаPotier, Patrick. "Dégradation in vivo et in vitro des protéines chez une bactérie psychrotrophe du genre Arthrobacter : influence de la température sur les activités protéolytiques intracellulaires." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10081.
Повний текст джерелаSimon-deckers, Angélique. "Effets biologiques de nanoparticules manufacturées : influence de leurs caractéristiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004918.
Повний текст джерелаMiliani, Katiuska Yuviri. "Consommation d'antibiotiques et pratiques d'utilisation en établissements de santé : déterminants des consommations et influence du mésusage des antibiotiques sur le risque infectieux nosocomial." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066042.
Повний текст джерелаSeguin, Jérôme. "Influence de la température sur la structure et la dynamique des protéines collectrices de lumière des bactéries pourpres dans leur environnement natif." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340385.
Повний текст джерелаPour mener à bien ces études, nous avons développé au laboratoire une approche de “calorimétrie fonctionnelle” dans les membranes intracytoplasmiques par des techniques de spectroscopie d'absorption, de dichroïsme circulaire et de Raman de résonance. Nous avons analysé l'effet de la température sur les propriétés spectrales de la protéine LH1 en utilisant les molécules de bactériochlorophylles comme marqueur naturel de l'assemblage des polypeptides transmembranaires, constituant l'anneau de LH1. Il existe dans la littérature de nombreuses études sur les processus d'auto-assemblage de ces protéines antennes, mais toutes réalisées après solubilisation en présence de détergent. C'est pourquoi nos études ont été réalisées sans ajout de détergent ou autres agents chaotrophes, mais directement sur les membranes intracytoplasmiques contenant la protéine LH1 surexprimée naturellement, dans le but de comparer les chemins de dissociation-réassociation de ces protéines selon qu'elles sont extraites ou non de leur milieu natif.
Nous avons montré que la variation de température autour de valeurs proches des conditions physiologiques révèle la dynamique de la structure des protéines LH1 et LH2. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l'existence d'un équilibre entre deux formes spectrales démontrant une flexibilité conformationnelle des protéines antennes dans leur environnement natif.
A des températures élevées, nous montrons qu'il est possible de dissocier de manière réversible la protéine LH1, mais que le processus de dissociation et réassociation de la protéine suit un chemin différent de celui observé à partir de la protéine solubilisée.
Ces études montrent l'importance des interactions entre bactériochlorophylles pour l'oligomérisation et le fonctionnement des protéines antennes dans leur “milieu naturel”
Alonso, Maria Silvia. "Étude des cinétiques de la dégradation anaérobie des acides volatils en réacteur fluidisé fermé : influence de la température." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20040.
Повний текст джерелаLopez, Hector Matias. "Influence of the coupling between flow and bacteria on the fluid rheology and on bacterial transport." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112168.
Повний текст джерелаThe question of transfer and spreading of living microorganisms, such as motile bacteria, is of interest in biology and ecology, but also in engineering and medicine.The way in which the background flow affects the behavior of these bacteria and how it impacts the bacterial transport through complex systems and on the macroscopic properties of the fluid remains unclear and little studied.In this thesis, I present an experimental investigation of the coupling between the local bacteria-driven motion and the fluid advection.In a first part, I investigate the rheological response of E. coli suspensions when subjected to weak flows (low shear rates). I show that, in particular conditions, the microscopic perturbations caused by the bacteria highly impact on the macroscopic viscosity of the suspension, leading to a striking viscosity decrease and eventually overcoming the dissipative effects due to viscous loss. I also identify the relevant time scales defining this viscosity decrease.In a second part, I perform experiments in a capillary channel and analyze the coupling for stronger flows (higher shear rates), at which bacteria were found not to impact on the macroscopic viscosity. Instead, by analyzing the bacterial trajectories under flow, I evidence a breakage of the symmetry of this trajectories which, characterized by a preferential migration, causes the localization of the bacteria in a layer that extends over a significant distance from the surface, and thus potentially influencing the bacterial transport in complex systems
Dehkal, Gamra. "Influence de NaCl et KCl sur la croissance et la survie de deux bactéries du genre Arthrobacter : contenu intracellulaire en présence de NaCl." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10516.
Повний текст джерелаHamiot, Audrey. "Crust des spores de Bacillus subtilis : voies de biosynthèse et influence des conditions de sporulation sur sa structure et les propriétés de surface des spores." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR033.
Повний текст джерелаBacillus subtilis are spore-forming bacteria responsible for recurrent contamination in the food industry. The ability of B. subtilis spores to resist extreme environmental conditions and to adhere to surfaces explains the persistence of these bacteria in processing plants. In B. subtilis the outermost layer of the spores is the crust. The crust is composed of proteins and glycans and gives the spores their surface and adhesion properties. In this study we investigated the genes involved in the crust glycans biosynthesis. We have shown that the spsM and spsCDEFG genes encode the enzymes forming the biosynthesis pathway of legionaminic acid (Leg), a nonulosonic acid required for crust assembly. In absence of Leg, spores are more hydrophobic, more adherent and less charged on their surface. We also demonstrated that the genes cgeB and cgeD encode putative glycosyltransferases required for crust biosynthesis. Mutants of these genes produce spores that are more hydrophobic and adherent and their crust contains less rhamnose and legionaminic acid. The second objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sporulation conditions on the surface and adhesion properties of spores. We have shown that a depletion in divalent cation, a lower oxygen availability, the presence of oxidizing agents or an acidic environment during sporulation lead to the production of more adherent and hydrophobic spores. We have shown that these changes in surface properties are generally associated with changes in crust structure and/or composition. The crust of spores produced in a Ca2+ or Mg2+ deficient sporulation medium or under reduced oxygenation conditions contain lower amounts of rhamnose and legionaminic acid. We also showed that lower oxygen availability or the addition of hydrogen peroxide during sporulation decreases the amount of two crust proteins (CgeA and CotY) and that the changes observed under these conditions could be due to the repression of transcription of genes involved in late stationary phase crust synthesis. The fact that sporulation conditions affect the ease with which spores contaminate surfaces could explain the recurrence of contamination of food processing chains by B. subtilis spores
Vinçon-Laugier, Arnauld. "Influence des paramètres environnementaux sur la biosynthèse d’éthers de glycérol bactériens : étude de modèles biologiques et exemples d’applications (paléo)environnementales." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1081/document.
Повний текст джерелаSome Bacteria synthesize particular phospholipids, called glycerol ether lipids (AGE) which have a chemical structure at the intersection of the Bacteria and Archea domains. The singular nature of these lipids and their thermostable chemical structure allow them to be well preserved in the environment following bacterial lysis, and suggest their potential to constitute good biogeochemical and/or environmental biomarkers. However, very little information is currently available concerning the modes of formation and the role of AGEs in bacterial membranes. In this thesis, we studied the lipid composition of various pure strains of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria able to synthesize AGEs, grown under various controlled conditions of temperature, pH and salinity. Various structural modifications of AGE were observed in response to variations in growth conditions, some of which being specific to, and linearly correlated with, changes in temperature or salinity. The results demonstrate the involvement of AGEs in membrane adaptation to changes in the physico-chemical conditions, and suggest the use of the structural distribution of AGEs in natural samples as an indicator of environmental conditions. The analysis of the AGE content of samples from different actual and past ecosystems, allowed confirming the potential of AGEs to be used as indicators of variations of (paleo)environmental conditions
Valente, Jordan. "Impact du génotype de blé dans les interactions avec les rhizobactéries : quelle influence de la sélection variétale sur les relations entre plantes et bactéries phytostimulatrices ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1335/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince 1960, the great majority of wheat modern varieties are dwarf varieties (because of Rht genes), showing multiple differences compared to ancient varieties. Thus, they are more able to use synthetic fertilizers used in huge quantities since the mid-20th and show higher yield. However, few studies have been made regarding the impact of modern breeding on root systems and on interactions of crops with soil bacteria. Yet, these evolutions in agricultural practises could have reduced the beneficial effects brought by PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria), and the genetic traits involved in these interactions between plant and PGPR may have not been selected in modern genotypes. Our work hypothesis in this thesis is that PGPR are more able to interact with ancient genotypes than modern ones. To test this hypothesis, we had 199 bread wheat accessions representative of the wheat varieties selected since the mid-19th. Using an in vitro screening approach, we assessed the abilities of two PGPR model strains, Pseudomonas kilonensis F113 and Azospirillum brasilense Sp245, to colonize the roots of these genotypes and to express genes involved in plant-beneficial functions. Then, we assessed whether the results obtained in vitro had a biological significance by measuring the amelioration of growth performance of wheat genotypes using a soil pot inoculation experiment under greenhouse. Finally, an in-field study was performed to analyse the impact of wheat genotypes on the indigenous bacterial communities. This work showed (1) a better ability of F113 and Sp245 to interact with ancient wheat genotypes than modern ones, (2) better growth performance improvements in wheat genotypes that showed good results during screening experiments and (3) an impact of wheat genotypes on indigenous bacterial communities, notably between ancient and modern genotypes
Houzé, Guillaume. "Etude des propriétés rhéologiques et de la texture des yaourts : influence des particules incorporées à la matrice : cas des globules gras, bactéries et agrégats protéiques." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS013.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with acid milk gels (yogurt model). These gels are particulate ones made of caseins micelles. The mecanisms involved in the set up of the gels are sequentially studied as related to the incorporated particle. The rheological and sensory properties modified by the presence of the particles are compared to a reference gel without particle. The added particles are the fat droplets, the bacteria and the whet protein aggregates. Thus, the addition of particle with different nature enables to determine the effect of several physicochemical properties: type of fat, size and number of fat droplets – shape and physiological properties of the bacteria – size, hydrophobicity, thiol accessibility and zeta potential of the whey protein aggregates. Some process aspects such as the moment chosen of the incorporation are studied too
Jaouen, Thomas. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de porines générales et spécifiques de bactéries du genre Pseudomonas psychotrophes et mésophiles : influence de la température de croissance sur leurs comportements ionophores." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES013.
Повний текст джерелаIn psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria from the Pseudomonas genus, organisms that can develop in the majority of the natural environments, adaptation to low growth temperature includes a decrease in outer membrane permeability, and the major non specific porin OprF participates to this phenomenon: its major conductance value decreases depending on whether it was purified from cultures grown at optimum or low temperature. The OprF-homolog OmpA from the psychrotrophic bacterium Erwinia carotovora ssp carotovora MFCL0 presents two simultaneous conductance states, wich differs slightly according to growth temperature. Our results suggest that these proteins could adopt two alternative conformations, and that folding is thermoregulated for OprF, via strong interactions with other thermosensitive components such as lipopolysaccharide. In contrast, no difference in channel forming properties according to growth temperature was observed for structurally different outer membrane proteins from the OprD family of specific porins in Pseudomonas fluorescens MF0. Sequence analysis of the oprD, oprE1 and oprE3 genes from various Pseudomonas species shares highly variable regions in the predicted long external loops that interact directly with the external medium. This suggests that these proteins are likely to be specific channels for a wide range of nutrients, and reveals others features of the Pseudomonas adaptation potential
Krapf, Marie-Ève. "Agrégation de cellules bactériennes par des polymères cationiques (polyéthylèneimine) : influence de la masse moléculaire du polymère et de la présence/absence de surstructures exopolymériques bactériennes sur la déshydratation des boues biologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0089/document.
Повний текст джерелаAfter dewatering, a biological sludge still contains an average water content of 70%, thus causing huge environmental problems. To achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying physicochemical interactions inducing water retention in the sludge, the bacterial sludge was modeled by a pure strain producing or not surface appendages, depending on the growth temperature. These bacterial suspensions were flocculated by polyethyleneimine of various molecular weights. Measurements of optical density, electrophoretic mobility, conductivity, pH, absorbance, particle size, as well as AFM and TEM observations were performed. This allowed to characterize aggregates structures and to estimate the influence of molecular weight and concentration of polymer and presence/absence of surface appendages. Measurements of elasticity, spring constant and turgor pressure were carried out by force spectroscopy allowing to characterize nanomechanical properties of aggregates. In a second step, a dewatering of these flocculated suspensions was performed by centrifugation, process used in some wastewater treatment plants. Measurements of elasticity and viscosity were carried out by rheology. Correlations with dryness measurements allowed to conclude that the presence/absence of surface appendages, and also the molecular weight and concentration of the polymer have a significant impact on biological sludge dewatering
Turon, Violette. "Coupling dark fermentation with microalgal heterotrophy : influence of fermentation metabolites mixtures, light, temperature and fermentation bacteria on microalgae growth." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS201/document.
Повний текст джерелаGrowing microalgae in heterotrophic mode present several advantages over autotrophic mode such as a higher productivity in terms of biomass and lipids for biofuels production. Nevertheless, this process is limited by the production cost associated with the organic substrate (i.e. glucose) and fermenters sterilization costs. Dark fermentation effluents, mainly composed of acetate and butyrate, could be used as a low-cost medium to grow microalgae heterotrophically or mixotrophically. The aims of this PhD were i) to optimize microalgae growth on various mixtures of fermentations metabolites using the presence or absence light and different cultivation temperatures and ii) to assess the feasibility of using unsterilized fermentation effluents. First, a model based on mass balance was built to characterize heterotrophic growth rates and yields when Chlorella sorokiniana and Auxenochlorella protothecoides were supplemented with different mixtures of acetate and butyrate. Results showed that the acetate:butyrate ratio and the butyrate concentration per se were two key parameters for promoting heterotrophic growth. Then, further studies showed that the presence of light and the use of suboptimal temperature (30 °C) could reduce the butyrate inhibition on growth by either triggering autotrophic production of biomass or enhancing growth on acetate. Finally, it was shown that microalgae could outcompete fermentation bacteria for acetate when growing on raw dark fermentation effluents, thanks to a fast algal growth on acetate (1.75 d-1) and a drastic change of culture conditions to the detrimental of bacterial growth
Tauveron, Grégoire. "Propriétés de surface des spores de Bacillus cereus et capacité de contamination des équipements agro-industriels : influence des conditions environnementales." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1650.
Повний текст джерелаBacillus cereus, responsible for food toxi-infections, frequently contaminates heated-processed foods. Indeed, beyond its resistance to heat and chemical treatment, the B. Cereus spore possesses a strong capacity to adhere to inert materials such as steel and therefore may be considered as a major food contamination risk. Mastery of equipment hygiene requires a deeper knowledge of factors which influence B. Cereus spores' adhesion capacity and their resistance to cleaning techniques. The adhesion of micro-organisms is linked to their surface properties, which may vary according to the environmental conditions they encounter. Ln the course of this study, we reveal a wide variability in surface properties (morphology, hydrophobia, surface protein content) from one spore strain to another. These differences are associated with a significant variability in each strain's capacity to adhere to steel and in its resistance to cleaning-in-place (CIP). Close examination of these data has shown that the longer their appendages, the stronger the spores' adhesion, whereas resistance to cleaning-in-place is inversely proportional to the size of the exosporia. The use of mutants (from B. Cereus and B. Anthracis) allowed us to show that brush-like exosporial filaments (made up of BclA) inhibit resistance to cleaning. An absence of the ExsY protein stops the exosporium from developing and leads to a consequent decrease in adhesion and an increase in resistance to cleaning. Thus, surface contamination risk is higher for strains with long appendages and small exosporia. Furthermore, spores' surface properties are affected by the conditions encountered by the bacteria. We have studied the influence of conditions likely to be encountered by spores in the agro-food industry. Sporulation at high temperature and sporulation in a liquid environment respectively affect the exosporium's size and integrity and result in lesser adhesion. Ln addition, the application of hydrodynamic conditions close to those encountered in the agro-food industry, induces greater or lesser damage to the exosporia according to the conditions in which they sporulated. This damage leads to a decrease in spore adhesion coupled with an increase in their resistance to eleaning. These behavioural differences must therefore be taken into account in analytical procedures applied in the determination of risk associated with the presence of B. Cereus
Calas, Paul. "Adhérence de Streptococcus sanguis et de Prevotella intermedia à la dentine radiculaire de bovin. Influence des traitements de surface." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30116.
Повний текст джерелаSter, Céline. "Influence du microenvironnement sur l'expression des protéines de Staphyloccocus aureus : application pour la prévention vaccinale des mammites bovines." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4006.
Повний текст джерелаStaphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen responsible of intramammary infections in cattle. It provokes chronic aud subclinical infections. Due to its frequency and to the economic losses they induce, mastitis is the most important pathology for cattle. No vaccine is available against S. Aureus mastitis. In order to develop a whole bacteria vaccine, reprensentative strains of S. Aureus causing mastitis were selected and cultivated in different growth conditions. A proteome for cellular proteins of S. Aureus was defined and preferentially expressed proteins according to growth conditions were characterized. Genes of some virulence and regulatory factors were also differentially expressed according to the strain and growth conditions. After immunization of cattle with different vaccinal preparations, antibodies anti S. Aureus, their isotypes and their capacity to enhance bactericidal activity were evaluated. One preparation was selected
Lavergne, Céline. "Rôle (structure et fonction) des communautés procaryotes (bactéries et archées) dans le cycle de l’azote d’une vasière littorale du Pertuis Charentais : influence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques par une approche multi-échelle." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS034/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn diatoms-dominated intertidal mudflats, at low tide the primary production is particularly high and microphytobenthos that can be limited by nitrogen-related nutrients is linked with N-related prokaryotic communities. Thus, this PhD thesis aim at describing by ecological approach, the role of benthic prokaryotic communities especially N-related ones, at various temporal scales linked to microphytobenthos life cycles. Sediment samples from Marennes-Oleron mudflat (Atlantic coast, France) were collected according to 5 layers : 0-0.5 cm, 0.5-1 cm, 1-2 cm, 2-5 cm and 5 to 10 cm below sediment surface (bsf). Various biotic (i.e. chlorophyll a) and abiotic parameters (i.e. nutrients, exopolymeric substances, water content, salinity, pH, temperature…) were recorded and linked with benthic bacterial production, enzymatic activities and N-related functional genes (i.e. implied in nitrification, denitrification, and anammox). Furthermore, the bacterial and archaeal diversity was assessed by 454 pyrosequencing in order to characterize the communities and shift in link with biotic and abiotic drivers. Aiming at evaluating the influence of abiotic parameters and microphytobenthic activities on the prokaryotic communities, in situ measurements were coupled to a semi-controlled approach
Hillion, Mélanie. "Interactions peau/microbiote cutané : étude du microbiote cutané cultivable et influence de produits cosmétiques sur la virulence bactérienne. Apports de la technique de spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES024.
Повний текст джерелаChablain, Patrice. "Etude biochimique et génétique d'une voie de dégradation des composés aromatiques par la souche psychrotrophe Pseudomonias putida 01G3 : influence de la température de croissance sur les capacités dégradatives." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1245.
Повний текст джерелаCury, Gisele Cristiane Gentile 1980. "Estudo molecular in vitro da transferência horizontal de genes entre as bactérias Haemophilus influenzae e Neisseria meningitidis." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314455.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutora em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Borrel, Valérie. "Influence du microenvironnement sur la virulence et la formation de biofilm de Cutibacterium acnes." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR035/document.
Повний текст джерелаAcne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases. Its pathogenesis is still unclear but Cutibacterium acnes (former Propionibacterium acnes) is considered as essential for its development. This bacterium is characterized by high genomic variability and some strains as ribotype 4 and 5 (RT4 and RT5) strains are highly associated with acne whereas RT6 strains are enriched in healthy skin. The physiological differences between these C. acnes types were evaluated dependently of their environment (culture media). Moreover, a link between acne and stress has been described, the use of preservative-free-cosmetics is burgeoning and bacteria can react to local factors by important metabolic changes. In this respect, two catecholamines and two cosmetic compounds were also tested. This study shows that the different C. acnes types are adapted to different ecological niches: acneic strains are adapted to sebaceous glands whereas non-acneic strains are more adapted to the skin surface and the upper hair follicle. Moreover, the acneic type seems associated to a more important inflammatory potential, which consolidates its possible implication in acne. The catecholamines can stimulate its biofilm formation and C. acnes treated by these molecules can stimulated the lipogenesis in sébocytes. Then, this study highlights the existence of a link between stress and the potential role of C. acnes in acne. Elsewhere, this study shows that the biofilm of C. acnes can be inhibited by Uriage thermal water and/or a rhamnose-rich polysaccharide (PS291®)