Готові списки джерел за темами / Backhaul topology

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Backhaul topology"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Backhaul topology"

Frascolla, Valerio, Cristina Dominicini, Marcia Paiva, Gilles Caporossi, Marcelo Marotta, Moises Ribeiro, Marcelo Segatto, Magnos Martinello, Maxwell Monteiro, and Cristiano Both. "Optimizing C-RAN Backhaul Topologies: A Resilience-Oriented Approach Using Graph Invariants." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010136.

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At the verge of the launch of the first commercial fifth generation (5G) system, trends in wireless and optical networks are proceeding toward increasingly dense deployments, supporting resilient interconnection for applications that carry higher and higher capacity and tighter latency requirements. These developments put increasing pressure on network backhaul and drive the need for a re-examination of traditional backhaul topologies. Challenges of impending networks cannot be tackled by star and ring approaches due to their lack of intrinsic survivability and resilience properties, respectively. In support of this re-examination, we propose a backhaul topology design method that formulates the topology optimization as a graph optimization problem by capturing both the objective and constraints of optimization in graph invariants. Our graph theoretic approach leverages well studied mathematical techniques to provide a more systematic alternative to traditional approaches to backhaul design. Specifically, herein, we optimize over some known graph invariants, such as maximum node degree, topology diameter, average distance, and edge betweenness, as well as over a new invariant called node Wiener impact, to achieve baseline backhaul topologies that match the needs for resilient future wireless and optical networks.

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Santos, Ricardo, Konstantin Koslowski, Julian Daube, Hakim Ghazzai, Andreas Kassler, Kei Sakaguchi, and Thomas Haustein. "mmWave Backhaul Testbed Configurability Using Software-Defined Networking." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (April 8, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8342167.

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Future mobile data traffic predictions expect a significant increase in user data traffic, requiring new forms of mobile network infrastructures. Fifth generation (5G) communication standards propose the densification of small cell access base stations (BSs) in order to provide multigigabit and low latency connectivity. This densification requires a high capacity backhaul network. Using optical links to connect all the small cells is economically not feasible for large scale radio access networks where multiple BSs are deployed. A wireless backhaul formed by a mesh of millimeter-wave (mmWave) links is an attractive mobile backhaul solution, as flexible wireless (multihop) paths can be formed to interconnect all the access BSs. Moreover, a wireless backhaul allows the dynamic reconfiguration of the backhaul topology to match varying traffic demands or adaptively power on/off small cells for green backhaul operation. However, conducting and precisely controlling reconfiguration experiments over real mmWave multihop networks is a challenging task. In this paper, we develop a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based approach to enable such a dynamic backhaul reconfiguration and use real-world mmWave equipment to setup a SDN-enabled mmWave testbed to conduct various reconfiguration experiments. In our approach, the SDN control plane is not only responsible for configuring the forwarding plane but also for the link configuration, antenna alignment, and adaptive mesh node power on/off operations. We implement the SDN-based reconfiguration operations in a testbed with four nodes, each equipped with multiple mmWave interfaces that can be mechanically steered to connect to different neighbors. We evaluate the impact of various reconfiguration operations on existing user traffic using a set of extensive testbed measurements. Moreover, we measure the impact of the channel assignment on existing traffic, showing that a setup with an optimal channel assignment between the mesh links can result in a 44% throughput increase, when compared to a suboptimal configuration.

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Li, Yongcheng, Anliang Cai, Guangyi Qiao, Lei Shi, Sanjay Kumar Bose, and Gangxiang Shen. "Multi-Objective Topology Planning for Microwave-Based Wireless Backhaul Networks." IEEE Access 4 (2016): 5742–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2581187.

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Zhao, Wei, and Wen-Hsing Kuo. "Utility-Based Wireless Routing Algorithm for Massive MIMO Heterogeneous Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 17, 2020): 7261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207261.

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With the development of 5G communication, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is getting more and more attention. Massive MIMO uses a large amount of simultaneous transmitting and receiving antennas to reduce power consumption and raise the level of transmission quality. Meanwhile, the diversification of user equipment (UE) in the 5G environment also makes heterogeneous networks (HetNets) more prevalent. HetNets allow UE of different network standards to access small cells, while the base stations of small cells access a macro base station (BS) to form a multihop wireless heterogeneous backhaul network. However, how to effectively combine these two technologies by efficiently allocating the antennas of each BS during the route construction process of heterogeneous wireless backhaul networks is still an important issue that is yet to be solved. In this paper, we propose an algorithm called preallocated sequential routing (PSR). Based on the links’ channel conditions and the available antennas and location of BSs, it builds a wireless heterogeneous network backhaul topology and adjusts each link’s transmitting and receiving antennas to maximize total utility. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm significantly improved the overall utility and the utility of the outer area of heterogeneous networks.

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Nomikos, Nikolaos, Prodromos Makris, Dimitrios N. Skoutas, Demosthenes Vouyioukas, and Charalambos Skianis. "Wireless Femto-Relays." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2015010104.

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The continuous increase in mobile data traffic creates the need for radical innovations in the mobile broadband system design. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) deployment paradigm is an emerging research trend considered as the most significant aspect for meeting the mobile data challenge, mainly by proposing spectral efficiency enhancements and cell capacity gains from an overall system perspective. Two are the main challenges that dense small cell networks are facing: a) various types of interference mainly caused by unplanned deployments, and b) limited and Quality of Service (QoS)-unreliable wired backhaul links. In this paper, the authors propose a model where femtocells' and relays' complementary characteristics are effectively exploited into femto-relays. More specifically, the authors describe four main functionalities of this model: a) interference protection, b) two-fold backhaul alternatives (i.e. wired and wireless backhaul), c) opportunistic femto-relay selection, and d) full-duplex in-band relaying. To evaluate the anticipated technical impact of the proposed model, targeted simulation results are presented for a campus topology where femto-relays are compared with classic femtocells. Finally, related open issues, such as signaling overheads management, context-aware resource management, and business logic aspects are presented, with emphasis on the femto-relay's real market penetration opportunities in the mid and long-term future.

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Gu, Zhiqun, Jiawei Zhang, Yuefeng Ji, Lin Bai, and Xiang Sun. "Network Topology Reconfiguration for FSO-Based Fronthaul/Backhaul in 5G+ Wireless Networks." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 69426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2880880.

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Petri, Markus, Marcus Ehrig, and Markus Günther. "A Fast Link Initialization Protocol for Beam-Steering based Cellular Backhaul Systems." Network Protocols and Algorithms 7, no. 2 (August 2, 2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/npa.v7i2.7440.

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<p>To deal with the enormous increase of mobile data traffic, new cellular network topologies are necessary. The reduction of cell area and the usage of light-weighted base stations serving only a handful of users, commonly known as the small cell approach, seems to be a suitable solution addressing changes in user expectations and usage scenarios. This paper is an extended version of [1], where current challenges of small cell deployments were presented from a backhaul perspective. A mesh-type backhaul network topology based on beam-steering millimeter-wave systems was proposed as a future-proof solution. In this paper, we focus on a link initialization protocol for beam-steering with highly directive antennas. Special requirements and problems for link setup are analyzed. Based on that, a fast protocol for link initialization is presented and it is evaluated in terms of the resulting initialization speed-up compared to state-of-the-art solutions. Furthermore, a potential approach for extending the fast link initialization protocol to support point-to-multipoint connections is given.</p>

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Moghaddasi, Jaber, and Ke Wu. "Planar 180° hybrid coupler with non-interspersed ports for millimeter-wave applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001533.

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AbstractThis paper presents a simple topology of 180° hybrid coupler with non-interspersed inputs and outputs, as opposed to the conventional rat-race topology. Such hybrid coupler topologies with inputs located on one side and outputs at the opposite side simplify the design of signal routings and module packaging when integrated with other circuits and components. It also relaxes the necessity of using auxiliary compensating components such as tapers, jumpers, and crossovers. The proposed coupler topology is theoretically analyzed through a T-matrix approach. The analysis comes up with design equations and diagrams that help choose the structural parameters for the desired specification. The simplicity and also the immunity against intrinsic parasitic effects within the proposed topology make it an excellent candidate for operation over any RF and millimeter-wave frequency bands, for applications such as automotive radar or E-band backhaul radio. To this end, a coupler based on the proposed scheme is realized for operation over 77 GHz and assessed through on-wafer measurements. Good agreement of the measured results with the simulated and analytical counterparts demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed 180° hybrid coupler.

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Hilt, Attila. "Availability and Fade Margin Calculations for 5G Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Anyhaul Links." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 5240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235240.

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The deployment of new radio access technologies always provides a good opportunity and timing to optimize the existing mobile front- and backhaul (commonly called “anyhaul”). The legacy systems (Long-Term Evolution (LTE), High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA), third-generation mobile (3G), second-generation mobile (2G)) already extensively utilize the transmission and transport capacities of the mobile anyhaul. With the current launch of 5G (fifth-generation mobile) and recent LTE-A (Advanced Long-Term Evolution), additional new transmission capacities are required again. Depending on the traffic and network topology, additional cell sites are built, and even more locations are connected with fiber optics. The existing microwave and millimeter-wave links are rotated toward those aggregation points that already have optical-fiber access. Due to the increased cell-site density, the average distance of the radio access links can be reduced by network and topology optimization. The reduced hop lengths combined with adaptive modulation and automatic power control bring an opportunity for capacity increase in shortened radio links. Links newly deployed for 5G find a wide spectrum in the millimetric V, E, W, and D frequency bands. This paper discusses the availability and hop-length targets of the anyhaul links that should be carefully kept by proper planning and monitoring.

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Lialios, Dimitrios I., Nikolaos Ntetsikas, Konstantinos D. Paschaloudis, Constantinos L. Zekios, Stavros V. Georgakopoulos, and George A. Kyriacou. "Design of True Time Delay Millimeter Wave Beamformers for 5G Multibeam Phased Arrays." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081331.

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Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) technology is likely the key enabler of 5G and early 6G wireless systems. The high throughput, high capacity, and low latency that can be achieved, when mm-Waves are utilized, makes them the most promising backhaul as well as fronthaul solutions for the communication between small cells and base stations or between base stations and the gateway. Depending on the channel properties different communication systems (e.g., beamforming and MIMO) can accordingly offer the best solution. In this work, our goal is to design millimeter wave beamformers for switched beam phased arrays as hybrid beamforming stages. Specifically, three different analog beamforming techniques for the frequency range of 27–33 GHz are presented. First, a novel compact multilayer Blass matrix is proposed. Second, a modified dummy-ports free, highly efficient Rotman lens is introduced. Finally, a three-layer true-time-delay tree topology inspired by microwave photonics is presented.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Backhaul topology"

Cardoso, Karyna Silveira. "Um estudo da aplica??o de backhaul h?brido de RoF e r?dio em RSSF." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2015. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/555.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KARYNA SILVEIRA CARDOSO.pdf: 2314345 bytes, checksum: 65e604b78ddbbbc8d0efd8e49a70ac86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-16
This study proposes a strategy to access sensor nodes of a wireless sensor network clumped together in clusters that come together in cells through a hybrid radio topology and / or fiber. In this topology, communication between wireless sensor networks and the repeater is via radio, while the backhaul communication between the base and repeaters will be hybrid and can use radio or fiber. Therefore, the proposal includes a flexible topology, using both radio as fiber in the backhaul and access to sensor nodes via a wireless sensor network. For demonstration of the proposed, tests were done on a channel emulation bench using fiber backhaul between the base and a repeater element. These tests were performed on the 915 MHz band, the FSK varying its transmission rate to assess the coverage area for each rate. As a result curves were obtained showing that for a fixed RSSI, the higher the worse transmission rate is the bit error rate. And the higher the lowest environmental attenuation factor will be the coverage area at all rates tested. Therefore the lower the reception power, the greater the distance between the sensors. Also tests were made in a real environment to evaluate the protocols implemented. It consists in the access of the node sensors of the clusters through multiple hops and reception power measurements of each sensor node and a packet loss rate. Through testing it has verified the operation of the proposal and implemented the flexible topology proposal.
O presente trabalho prop?e uma estrat?gia para acessar n?s sensores de uma rede de sensores sem fio (RSSF) aglutinados em clusters que se unem em c?lulas atrav?s de uma topologia h?brida de r?dio e/ou fibra. Nesta topologia, a comunica??o entre as redes de sensores sem fio e o repetidor ser? via r?dio, enquanto o backhaul de comunica??o entre a base e os repetidores ser? h?brido, podendo utilizar r?dio ou fibra. Portanto, a proposta abrange uma topologia flex?vel, utilizando tanto r?dio quanto fibra no backhaul e acesso aos n?s sensores via uma rede de sensores sem fio. Para demonstrar a proposta foram feitos testes em uma bancada de emula??o de canal utilizando backhaul de fibra entre a base e um elemento repetidor. Estes testes foram realizados na faixa de 915 MHZ, na modula??o FSK variando a sua taxa de transmiss?o, para avaliar a ?rea de cobertura para cada taxa. Como resultados foram obtidas curvas que mostram que para uma RSSI fixa, quanto maior a taxa de transmiss?o pior ser? a taxa de erros de bits (BER). E quanto maior o fator de atenua??o do ambiente menor ser? a ?rea de cobertura da rede em todas as taxas testadas. Logo quanto menor a pot?ncia recep??o, maior a dist?ncia entre os n?s sensores. Tamb?m foram realizados testes em um ambiente real para avaliar os protocolos implementados. Estes testes consistiam no acesso dos n?s sensores dos clusters atrav?s de m?ltiplos saltos e medi??o dos valores de pot?ncia de recep??o de cada n? sensor e sua taxa de perda de pacotes (PER). Atrav?s dos testes realizados foi comprovado o funcionamento da proposta implementada e a topologia flex?vel proposta.

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Sapountzis, Nikolaos. "Optimisation au niveau réseau dans le cadre des réseaux hétérogènes nouvelle génération." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0082.

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Depuis 2016, il est bien connu que les réseaux mobiles dominent nos vies. Nous utilisons nos téléphones cellulaires pour presque tout: du réseautage social au streaming, à la recherche de logement ou pour les transactions bancaires. Néanmoins, il semble que les opérateurs ne comprennent pas cette domination, puisque leurs réseaux sont constitués de nœuds qui: (i) subissent d'énormes fluctuations de charge, (ii) gaspillent leurs ressources, et (iii) sont accusés d'être tueurs d'énergie majeurs. Ces inconvénients nuisent à load-balancing, efficacité spectrale et énergétique, respectivement. L'objectif de cette dissertation est d'étudier attentivement ces gains d'efficacité et d'établir un bon “trade off” entre eux pour les futurs réseaux hétérogènes 5G mobiles. Dans cette direction, nous nous concentrons tout d'abord sur (i) l'utilisateur et la différenciation du trafic, émergeant des applications de type MTC et IoT, et (ii) du RAN. Plus précisément, nous réalisons une modélisation, une analyse de performance et une optimisation appropriées pour une famille d'objectifs, en utilisant des outils provenant principalement de l'optimisation (non) convexe, de la probabilité et de la théorie des files d'attente. Après, nous soulignons que l'optimisation des fonctionnalités RAN, suivie d'un formidable « capacity crunch », posent de sérieuses contraintes dans le réseau de backhaul en le faisant apparaître comme un goulet d'étranglement de performance. Ainsi, nous incluons (iii) dans notre cadre: des contraintes de capacité de liaison de backhaul dans des topologies génériques. Enfin, nous considérons le problème de l'allocation TDD dans les réseaux d'accès et de backhaul
By 2016, it is well-known that mobile networking has dominated our lives. We use our mobile cell phones for almost everything: from social networking to streaming, finding accommodation or banking. Nevertheless, it seems that operators have not understood yet this domination, since their networks consist of nodes that: (i) suffer from enormous load fluctuations, (ii) waste their resources, and (iii) are blamed to be a major energy-killer worldwide. Such shortcomings hurt: load-balancing, spectral and energy efficiency, respectively. The goal of this dissertation is to carefully study these efficiencies and achieve a good trade-off between them for future mobile 5G heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Towards this direction, we firstly focus on (i) the user and traffic differentiation, emerging from the MTC and IoT applications, and (ii) the RAN. Specifically, we perform appropriate modeling, performance analysis and optimization for a family of objectives, using tools mostly coming from (non) convex optimization, probability and queueing theory. Our initial consideration is on network-layer optimizations (e.g. studying the user association problem). Then, we analytically show that cross-layer optimization is key for the success of future HetNets, as one needs to jointly study other problems coming from the layers below (e.g. the TDD allocation problem from the MAC, or the cross-interference management from the PHY) to avoid performance degradation. Finally, we add the backhaul network into our framework, and consider additional constraints related to the backhaul capacity, backhaul topology, as well as the problem of backhaul TDD allocation

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Almeida, Eduardo Nuno Moreira Soares de. "Topology control flying backhaul networks." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90171.

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Almeida, Eduardo Nuno Moreira Soares de. "Topology control flying backhaul networks." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90171.

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Song, Xiaohang. "Millimeter Wave Line-of-Sight Spatial Multiplexing: Antenna Topology and Signal Processing." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33198.

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Fixed wireless communication is a cost-efficient solution for flexible and rapid front-/backhaul deployments. Technologies including dual polarization, carrier aggregation, and higher order modulation schemes have been developed for enhancing its throughput. In order to better support the massive traffic increment during network evolution, novel wireless backhaul solutions with possible new dimensions in increasing the spectral efficiency are needed. Line-of-Sight (LoS) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication is such a promising candidate allowing the throughput to scale linearly with the deployed antenna pairs. Spatial multiplexing with sub-channels having approximately equal quality exists within a single LoS direction. In addition, operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies or higher, the abundantly available bandwidth can further enhance the throughput of LoS MIMO communication. The mmWave LoS MIMO communication in this work exploits the spatial multiplexing from the structured phase couplings of a single path direction, while most of the state-of-the-art works in mmWave communication focus on the spatial multiplexing from the spatial signature of multiple path directions. Challenges: The performance of a LoS MIMO system is highly dependent on the antenna topology. Topologies resulting in theoretically orthogonal channels are considered as optimal arrangements. The general topology solution from a unified viewpoint is unknown. The known optimal arrangements in the literature are rather independently derived and contain restrictions on their array planes. Moreover, operating at mmWave frequencies with wideband signals introduces additional challenges. On one hand, high pathloss is one limiting factor of the received signal power. On the other hand, high symbol rates and relatively high antenna numbers create challenges in signal processing, especially the required complexity for compensating hardware imperfections and applying beamforming. Targets: In this thesis, we focus on antenna topologies and signal processing schemes to effectively handle the complexity challenge in LoS MIMO communications. Considering the antenna topology, we target a general solution of optimal arrangements on any arbitrarily curved surface. Moreover, we study the antenna topologies with which the system gains more streams and better received signals. Considering the signal processing, we look for low complexity schemes that can effectively compensate the hardware impairments and can cope with a large number of antennas. Main Contributions: The following models and algorithms are developed for understanding mmWave LoS spatial multiplexing and turning it into practice. First, after analyzing the relation between the phase couplings and the antenna positions in three dimensional space, we derive a channel factorization model for LoS MIMO communication. Based on this, we provide a general topology solution from a projection point of view and show that the resulting spatial multiplexing is robust against moderate displacement errors. In addition, we propose a multi-subarray LoS MIMO system for jointly harvesting the spatial multiplexing and array gains. Then, we propose a novel algorithm for LoS MIMO channel equalization, which is carried out in the reverse order w.r.t. the channel factorization model. The number of multiplications in both digital and analog implementations of the proposed solution is found to increase approximately linearly w.r.t. the number of antennas. The proposed algorithm thus potentially reduces complexity for equalizing the channel during the system expansion with more streams. After this, we focus on algorithms that can effectively estimate and compensate the hardware impairments. A systolic/pipelined processing architecture is proposed in this work to achieve a balance between computational complexity and performance. The proposed architecture is a viable approach that scales well with the number of MIMO streams. With the recorded data from a hardware-in-the-loop demonstrator, it is shown that the proposed algorithms can provide reliable signal estimates at a relatively low complexity level. Finally, a channel model is derived for mmWave systems with multiple widely spaced subarrays and multiple paths. The spatial multiplexing gain from the spatial signature of multiple path directions and the spatial multiplexing gain from the structured phase couplings of a single path direction are found simultaneously at two different levels of the antenna arrangements. Attempting to exploit them jointly, we propose to use an advanced hybrid analog/digital beamforming architecture to efficiently process the signals at reasonable costs and complexity. The proposed system can overcome the low rank property caused by the limited number of propagation paths.

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Частини книг з теми "Backhaul topology"

Farsi, Abdelhak, Nadjib Achir, Khaled Boussetta, Gladys Diaz, and Arturo Gomez. "Backhaul Topology Design and Weighted Max-Min Fair Capacity Allocation in Wireless Mesh Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 296–309. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38227-7_32.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Backhaul topology"

Li, Yongcheng, Guangyi Qiao, Anliang Cai, Lei Shi, Heming Zhao, and Gangxiang Shen. "Microwave backhaul topology planning for wireless access networks." In 2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2014.6876516.

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Li, Yuan, Michal Pioro, and Vangelis Angelakisi. "Design of cellular backhaul topology using the FSO technology." In 2013 2nd International Workshop in Optical Wireless Communications. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwow.2013.6777766.

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Gu, Zhiqun, Jiawei Zhang, and Yuefeng Ji. "Resilience Aware Topology Formation in FSO-based Fronthaul/Backhaul Networks." In 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acp.2018.8596232.

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Li, Yuan, Nikolaos Pappas, Vangelis Angelakis, Michal Pioro, and Di Yuan. "Resilient topology design for free space optical cellular backhaul networking." In 2014 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2014.7063479.

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Cai, Anliang, Guangyi Qiao, Yongcheng Li, Lei Shi, and Gangxiang Shen. "Multi-Period Topology Planning for Microwave-Based Wireless Backhaul Networks." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2014.aw3g.1.

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Solano, Alberto, Luis M. Contreras, Rafael Canto, and Jesus Folgueira. "Outdoor-Backhaul Network of Fixed Topology based on D-Band." In 2022 25th Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks and Workshops (ICIN). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icin53892.2022.9758128.

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Gu, Zhiqun, Jiawei Zhang, and Yuefeng Ji. "Topology Optimization for FSO-Based Fronthaul/Backhaul in 5G+ Wireless Networks." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2018.8403736.

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Jung, Bo Kum, and Thomas Kurner. "Automatic Planning Algorithm of 300 GHz Backhaul Links Using Ring Topology." In 2021 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap51087.2021.9411010.

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Kaleva, Jarkko, Meghana Bande, Antti Tolli, Markku Juntti, and Venugopal V. Veeravalli. "Sum rate maximizing joint processing with limited backhaul and tree topology constraints." In 2016 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2016.7536889.

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Kurner, Thomas, and Bo Kum Jung. "Automatic Planning of NLOS Backhaul Links at 300 GHz arranged in Star Topology." In 2021 XXXIVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursigass51995.2021.9560305.

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