Дисертації з теми "Back Wounds and injuries Australia"
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Cogger, Naomi. "Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in two- and three-year-old Australian Thoroughbred racehorses." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1611.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology of musculoskeletal (MS) injuries in two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. A 27 month longitudinal study commencing in May 2000 was conducted. The study convenience sampled 14 trainers with facilities at metropolitan and provincial racetracks in New South Wales, Australia. In the 2000/01 and 2001/02 racing season, 323 and 128 two-year-olds, respectively, were enrolled in the study. The 451 Thoroughbred horses contributed, 1, 272 preparations and 78, 154 training days to the study. Of the 323 horses enrolled in the 2000/01 racing season, 219 contributed three-year-old data to the study. During the study period 8%, of training days had missing training data and 3% of the 1, 986 starts in the races or barrier trials were incorrectly recorded. The rate of incorrect entries varied with both study month and trainer. Similarly, the rate of training days with missing data varied between trainers and with study month. Four hundred and twenty-eight MS injuries were recorded in association with 395 preparations in 248 two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. The IR for all categories of MS injuries, except for tendon and ligament injuries, were higher in twoyear- olds than three-year-olds, although the differences were only significant for shin soreness. Seventy-eight percent of horses enrolled in the study started, in a barrier trial or race, within one year on entering the study. After accounting for other confounders, horses that had sustained a MS injury were 0.50 times less likely to start, in a race or trial, race than those that did not sustain an injury. Seventy percent of horses returned to training after their first MS injury, and the cumulative percentage of these horses that had recovered within six months of the initial MS injury was 55%. After adjusting for clustering at the level of the trainer, the analysis showed that horses that exercised at a gallop pace ≥ 890 m/minute (but had not started in a race) prior to the onset of MS injury, were 2.14 times more likely to recover than horses whose maximum speed, prior to the onset of the first MS injury, was less than 890 m/minute. Similarly, horses that had started in a race or barrier trial were 4.01 times more likely to recover than horses whose maximum speed was less than 890 m/minute. 8 Training days were grouped into units referred to as preparations. A preparation began on the day that the horse was enrolled in the study, or when a horse returned to training after an absence of more than seven days from the stable. The preparation continued until the horse was lost to follow-up or left the stable for a period of more than seven consecutive days. Univariable and multivariable analytical methods were used to examine the association between a range of independent variables and four preparationlevel measures of performance: (i) the duration of preparations, (ii) length of time from the beginning of the preparation until the first start in a race or barrier trial, (iii) length of time from the first start until the end of the preparation and (iv) rate of starts in races or barrier trials. After adjusting for confounders, younger horses tended to have shorter preparations, took longer to start in a race or barrier trial, had a shorter interval from the first start to the end of the preparation and fewer starts per 100 training days. MS injury was not conditionally associated with any of the outcomes considered in this chapter. Multivariate statistical models were used to explore risk factors for MS injuries. The results suggest that MS injuries involving structures in the lower forelimb (carpus to fetlock inclusive) could be reduced by limiting exposure to high-speed exercise. This supports the proposition that training injuries are caused by the accumulation of micro damage. The results suggest there are a number of other factors that vary at the trainer level that may be risk factors for injuries, in particular joint injuries. These include unmeasured variables such as the rate of increase in distance galloped at high-speed, conformation of the horse, skill of the riders and farrier and veterinary involvement.
Aurslanian, Dina B. "Asymmetric lifting using a weight belt." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865931.
Повний текст джерелаSchool of Physical Education
Eades, Anne. "Factors that influence participation in self-management of wound care in three indigenous communities in Western Australia : clients' perspectives /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090702.111437.
Повний текст джерелаRiley, Diane K. "Does an individualized back education programme change nurses' knowledge and practice about back injury prevention." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1993. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1148.
Повний текст джерелаCarboni, Marina. "Evaluation of ballistic materials for back protection under low velocity impact." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430104-131552.
Повний текст джерелаAtkinson, Judy. "Lifting the blankets: The transgenerational effects of trauma in Indigenous Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35841/1/35841_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCappelli, Tara Marie. "Two- and Three-Plane Job Risk Classification Using Motion Capture: An Examination of the Marras et al. Model, 1993." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11112005-144302/.
Повний текст джерелаSaggu, Rajinder Kaur. "Effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96971.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design. Ethics approval was obtained for the study and the participant provided informed written consent. The participant was assessed over three four week phases as she performed her habitual computer work. The outcome measures assessed during the three phases were the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort. The three phases were named the baseline, intervention and wash-out phases. During the baseline phase, the outcome measures were obtained at the participant‟s habitual work station. The intervention phase involved a vertical adjustment of the chair and computer screen height. The wash-out phase allowed the participant to adjust the chair and computer screen height to their choice. A follow-up interview was conducted with the participant three months after completion of the study. The mean values and the ranges of the pain intensity and perceived comfort were obtained and compared. The data collected was captured on a Microsoft Excel 2010 spread sheet, where after the data was tabulated and presented graphically. Results: The mean pain intensity of the participant increased slightly during the intervention phase in comparison to the baseline phase, but remained stable during the wash-out phase. The mean perceived sitting comfort deteriorated initially during the intervention phase, but improved later during the intervention phase and showed greater improvement during the wash out phase. The perceived sitting comfort showed more improvement than the pain intensity during the washout phase. Both the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort showed improvement at the three months follow up assessment, post completion of the study. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and the VDT did not improve the participant‟s pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort when compared to the participant‟s habitual workstation parameters. The findings do not favour the horizontal viewing angle. The findings of this study however support the use of „slightly below horizontal‟ viewing angle as being conducive to reduce the pain intensity and improve the sitting comfort of an office worker.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelstelling: Om die effek te bepaal van die hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm op die nek en bo-rug muskuloskeletale simptome van 'n kantoorwerker. Metodes: „n N=1 studie was uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van die ABC ontwerp. Etiese goedkeuring was verkry vir die studie en die deelnemer het ingeligte skriftelike toestemming verleen. Die deelnemer was ge-evalueer oor drie vier week-lange fases terwyl sy haar gewone rekenaarwerk verrig het. Die uitkomsmetings ge-evalueer tydens die drie fases was pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak. Die drie fases was genoem die basislyn, intervensie en uitwas fases. Gedurende die basislyn fase was die uitkomsmetings by die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie ingevorder. Die intervensie fase het 'n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm behels. Die uitwas fase het die deelnemer toegelaat om haar stoel en rekenaarskerm se hoogte aan te pas volgens haar keuse. 'n Opvolg onderhoud was gevoer met die deelnemer drie maande na die voltooiing van die studie. Die resultate was vasgelê op 'n Microsoft Excel 2010 data bladsy, waarna die data getabuleer en grafies uitgebeeld is. Resultate: Die gemiddelde pyn intensiteit van die deelnermer het effens toegeneem tydens die intervensie fase in vergelyking met die basislyn fase, maar het stabiel gebly tydens die uitwas fase. Die gemiddelde waargenome sitgemak het aanvanklik verswak tydens die intervensie fase, maar het later verbeter tydens die intervensie fase en het aangehou verbeter tydens die uitwas fase. Die waargenome sitgemak het groter verbetering getoon as die pyn intensiteit tydens die uitwas fase. Beide pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak het verbetering getoon by die drie maande opvolg evaluasie, na voltooiing van die studie. Gevolgtrekking. Die vertikale hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm het nie die deelnemer se pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak in vergelyking met die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie parameters verbeter nie. Hierdie bevindinge is nie ten voordeel van die horisontale kykhoek nie. Nietemin, ondersteun die bevindinge van hierdie studie die gebruik van die "effens onder die horisontale" kykhoek as bevorderend om die pyn intensiteit te verminder en die sitgemak van 'n kantoorwerker te verbeter.
Van, Vledder Nicole. "An ergonomic intervention : the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on musculoskeletal pain and sitting comfort in office workers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96865.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in computer users. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine including the clavicles and scapulae. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design whereby an ergonomic workstation adjustment, of VDU and chair height, was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over the four week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration was noted in sitting comfort. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and VDU may have contributed to a decrease in WRUQMP in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from WRUQMP. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation, is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwitte: Om die effek te bepaal van n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van rekenaargebruikers op werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn en sitgemak. Die boonste kwadrant verwys na die oksiput, servikale en boonste torakale werwelkolom en sluit ook die klavikel en skapula in. Methode: Die N=1 studie is onderneem met gebruik van die ABC ontwerp in terme waarvan n ergonomiese aanpassing van stoel en beeldskerm vergelyk is met die normale gebruik van die deelnemer. Pyn en sitgemak is gemeet deur die gebruik van die Visueel analoogskaal. Die interwensies is ge-evalueer oor vierweekfases tydens normale rekenaar gebruik van die deelnemer. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Uitkoms: Beide die gemiddelde en veranderlike pynintensiteit het verminder nadat die werkstasie aangepas is. Geen verbetering in sitgemak is opgemerk nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm het moontlik bygedra tot die verminderde pynvlakke in hierdie deelnemer. Hierdie veilige, ekonomiese verstelling is moontlik n praktiese beheeropsie vir rekenaargebruikers wat werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn verduur. Verder studie in die meet en waarneming van sitgemak tydens rekenaarwerk is nodig.
Menzel, Nancy Nivison. "Manual Handling Workload and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Nursing Personnel." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2001. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000020.
Повний текст джерелаMcGarry, Sarah. "Pediatric medical traumatic stress : the impact on children, parents and staff." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/605.
Повний текст джерелаMcClure, Roderick. "The public health impact of minor injury." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144086.
Повний текст джерелаRoberts, Jesse Bruins. "The effect of low back manipulation compared to combined low back and hip manipulation for the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/3068.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a common ailment treated by chiropractors. Most chiropractors focus on the localised lumbar area of pain. Other chiropractors focus on restoring function to compensating articulations in the ‗full kinematic chain‘ by assessing and treating the lower extremity in conjunction to the low back. Patients with LBP often exhibit decreased hip-related ranges of motion that may result in future LBP, relapse and a prolonged recovery time. Studies investigating the effect of treating the kinematic chain in relation to LBP are limited and the literature, although widely taught and practiced, is largely anecdotal. Chiropractic manipulation has shown to be effective in the treatment of LBP and many lower extremity conditions. Objectives: This study set out to determine if a combination of low back and hip manipulation would result in a more beneficial outcome for the participant, suffering with CNSLBP, than low back manipulation alone in terms of objective and subjective outcomes. Method: The study was a randomised controlled clinical trial which, through purposive sampling, consisted of 50 participants with CNSLBP and hip joint dysfunction. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of 25 each [A and B]. Group A received low back manipulation alone and Group B received combined low back and hip manipulation. Subjective data was obtained through the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI) and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Objective data was obtained through the use of a Force Dial Algometer and an Inclinometer. Data collection occurred at the first, third and fifth consultations and was coded and analysed using IBM SPSS version 24.0. A p-value value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically relevant. Results: Intra-group testing showed that there was a significant difference over time, within both groups, with regards to internal rotation and external rotation of the hip, flexion of the lumbar spine, increased pain tolerance in Algometer tests, decreased NPRS values and decreased ODI scores. Within Group A, the mean scores for hip flexion reflected a more significant increase over time than those of Group B. Within Group B, the mean scores for left and right rotation of the lumbar spine reflected a more significant change over time than those of Group A. Inter-group testing showed no significantly differential treatment effect for any of the subjective and objective outcomes. This means that both treatments were equally effective and the hypothesis, that suggested that Group B would improve more than Group A, was incorrect. Conclusion: Both treatment groups improved subjectively and objectively with regards to CNSLBP. Inter-group testing showed that statistically, and for all outcome measurements, there were no significant differences between the two treatment group‘s results. This suggested that there was no additional benefit in combining hip joint manipulation with low back manipulation in the treatment of CNSLBP.
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Pereira, Nicole. "The prevalence and risk factors for occupational low back pain in manual therapists." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/510.
Повний текст джерелаManual therapists are susceptible to occupational low back pain. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for occupational low back pain in manual therapists and to determine and compare the prevalence and risk factors for occupational low back pain among various types of manual therapists in South Africa. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey and a self-administered questionnaire, developed from the literature and validated prior to the study, was mailed to 1500 randomly selected manual therapists, including: physiotherapists, occupational therapists, biokineticists, chiropractors, reflexologists, aromatherapists and massage therapists. A total of 233 completed questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 15.53%. Results revealed that the point prevalence of low back pain in manual therapists was very high at 41%, the one-year prevalence was 59% and the career prevalence was 74%. The point prevalence of low back pain was highest in aromatherapists and biokineticists, while both the one-year and career prevalence of low back pain was highest in occupational therapists and massage therapists. The risk factors for low back pain in manual therapists were: BMI; previous abdominal surgery; previous trauma to the low back, hips, knees or ankles; a physically stressful job; not having an assistant and work in a hospital or other setting. In keeping with the literature, various workrelated factors were implicated in the development and / or exacerbation of low back pain in certain manual therapists more than others and low back pain history in the different manual therapists was also in accordance with the literature. To conclude, low back pain is prevalent among South African manual therapists and the development and implementation of preventative programs to reduce rates of occupational low back pain in manual therapists is mandatory.
Moore, Karlie J. "Toward the development of screening tests for heart attacks and back injuries in firefighters : a study to investigate back-specific fitness, perceived fitness and aerobic capacity in a firefighter population." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36092.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 2013
Littleton, Susannah. "Outcomes in musculoskeletal injuries following road traffic crashes : an evaluation of an early intervention programme." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150200.
Повний текст джерелаRudzki, Stephan J. "The cost of injury to the Australian army." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110379.
Повний текст джерелаPetersen, Gabriela Elisa da Silva. "The effect of thoracic spine manipulation compared to thoracic spine and costovertebral joint manipulation on mechanical mid-back pain at the Durban University of Technology Chiroptractic Day Clinic." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2894.
Повний текст джерелаMid-back pain (mbp) is defined as pain occurring within the limits of the third thoracic (T3) and ninth thoracic (T9) vertebrae, caused by the dysfunction of the musculoskeletal structures in the thoracic spine. It can present as pain and/ burning between the shoulder blades with reduced thoracic spine mobility and increased muscle tension. Congenital disorders such as scoliosis and Scheuermann’s disease, or acquired disorders such as thoracic facet and costovertebral joint dysfunction may cause mbp. The thoracic facet and costovertebral joints are similar in anatomy and share a mutually dependent biomechanical relationship. There were a handful of controlled studies that highlighted the effectiveness of thoracic facet manipulation on mbp, but there were none on the effects of costovertebral manipulation on mbp. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of the combination of thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulation on mbp in terms of pain perception, pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and thoracic spine range of motion (ROM). Design A prospective single-blind randomised comparative clinical trial. Setting This study was conducted in a university setting at the Durban University of Technology Chiropractic Day Clinic Participants Fifty participants were recruited via responses to advertisements placed around the Durban University of Technology (DUT) campuses and individuals presenting at the Chiropractic Day Clinic (CDC). Intervention The participants were divided into two groups of twenty-five. Group A received the thoracic facet joint manipulations and Group B received a combination of the thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulations. Outcome measures All subjective and objective measurements were taken before and after the application of the manipulations. Pain perception i.e. subjective measurement) was measured by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), pressure pain thresholds (PPT) (i.e. objective measurement) were measured by the Wagner’s FDK Force Gage Algometer and thoracic spine range of motion (ROM) i.e. objective measurement was measured by the Saunders Digital Inclinometer. Results The data was analyzed using the latest version of SPSS and a p-value = 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Descriptive statistics in the form of univariate analysis described the data in terms of measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Data that was distributed normally was analyzed using the t-test and ANOVA. Data that was distributed abnormally was analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon ranked and Mann Whitney tests. Nominal and ordinal data was analyzed using the Chi squared test. The results of the intra-group analysis indicated a statistically significant decrease in pain perception (p ≤ 0.000), increase in PPT (p ≤ 0.05) and decrease in thoracic spine ROM (p ≤ 0.000). However, the results for the inter-group analysis indicate there was no statistically significant difference in pain perception (p = 0.386), PPT (p > 0.05) and thoracic spine ROM (p >0.05) between Group A and Group B. Conclusions These results showed that the combination of thoracic facet and costovertebral joint manipulation was as effective as thoracic facet joint manipulation alone, in the treatment of mbp. These findings suggested that manipulation of the costovertebral joints may not be necessary for the effective treatment of mbp.
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Eggers, Lindy. "Prevalence and selected risk factors for neck, shoulder and low back pain among primary school teachers in the Central Durban area : a cross-sectional study." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1773.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a significant and common occupational health concern, consequently impacting work attendance and performance. High prevalence rates of MSDs have been reported amongst school teachers. Studies have linked these higher prevalence rates to typical daily teaching activities including prolonged standing, awkward postures, heavy lifting, bending and repetitive movements. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neck, shoulder and low back pain among primary school teachers in the Central Durban area; to identify any risk factors associated with neck, shoulder and low back pain; and to establish the relationship, if any, between the prevalence and risk factors of neck, shoulder and low back pain among primary school teachers. Methods: This was a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted in 12 selected public primary schools within the Central Durban area. Volunteers who met the inclusion criteria (n = 97) were invited to complete self-administered questionnaires. Results: Of the 97 completed questionnaires 83.1 percent (%) reported neck and shoulder pain and 71.0% low back pain. Neck and shoulder pain were significantly associated with a forward-bent head posture (p = 0.001), ethnicity (p = 0.001), and history of a severe trauma/injury (p = 0.006). Similarly, significant associations were noted with regards to medical conditions (p = 0.006), a backward-bent head posture (p = 0.016), lifting of heavy loads (p = 0.045) and treatment for severe injury (p = 0.047). Associations were also noted between low back pain and prolonged standing (p = 0.000), ethnicity (p = 0.008), transportation methods (p = 0.023), medical conditions (p = 0.031) and a history of a severe trauma/injury (p = 0.049). Conclusion: This is a first South African study, to our knowledge that highlights increased prevalence rates for both neck and shoulder pain and low back pain amongst teachers, with a variety of associated risk factors. This draws attention to the urgent need for intervention programs to be implemented to prevent/reduce the development of musculoskeletal pain amongst teachers.
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Dollard, Joanne. "Comparative optimism about falling amongst community-dwelling older South Australians: a mixed methods approach." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/55404.
Повний текст джерелаhttp://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1374964
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Psychology and School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2009
Seethal, Verusha J. "The role of psychosocial risk factors on the prevalence of low back pain amongst Grade 12 learners in public schools in the greater Durban area." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/525.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Low back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition experienced by human beings and the most common cause of disability in developed nations. Psychosocial factors, involving aspects of social and psychological behaviour, have previously been documented as potential risk factors in the development of adult LBP. However, more research is required to fully understand the role of psychosocial risk factors on the prevalence of LBP amongst adolescents. Objective: To determine the prevalence of LBP and to identify selected psychosocial risk factors associated with LBP amongst Grade 12 learners in the Greater Durban area. Methods: A population-based study was conducted amongst a stratified random sample of 20 public secondary schools in all three educational districts in the Greater Durban area. Data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire administered to the sample population consisting of Grade 12 learners. Using an exploratory research design, the individuals reported on demographics as well as prevalence, severity, frequency and chronicity of LBP. In addition, data was obtained regarding various psychosocial risk factors including depression, exam stress and anxiety, socio-economic status, family history of LBP, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse amongst the respondents. Results: The prevalence of LBP was 57.42% with a median frequency of 8 times a month. About a third (33.9%) of the respondents experienced difficulty bending whilst 35% reported that their LBP spread down to the legs below their knees. The daily activity most affected by LBP was having a good night‟s sleep (50.6%), followed closely by playing sports (47.4%) and concentrating in class (46.6%). The majority of the respondents that suffered from LBP had taken pain relief medication (47.1%) whilst only 21% of the respondents had missed school because of LBP. With regards to the psychosocial risk factors under investigation, three of the risk factors did not show any association to LBP. They included socio-economic status, smoking and recreational drug use. In contrast, five psychosocial risk factors showed an 6 association to LBP. They included alcohol abuse, family history, exam stress, anxiety and depression. Finally, after adjusting for all other risk factors for adolescent LBP, depression and high exam stress showed the strongest correlation with the occurrence of LBP amongst Grade 12 learners in the Greater Durban area. Conclusion: LBP amongst adolescents is a common problem that increases with age, representing a risk for LBP in adulthood. The researcher is of the opinion, that this illustrates the need for further investigations with more profound studies on the risk factors so that more light can be shed on how to manage this ever-growing problem.