Готові списки джерел за темами / Back-splicing

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Back-splicing"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 березня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Back-splicing"

Hoffmann, Tobias, and Juan Valcárcel. "Splicing Calls Back." Cell 179, no. 7 (December 2019): 1446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.028.

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Wang, Jun, and Liangjiang Wang. "Deep learning of the back-splicing code for circular RNA formation." Bioinformatics 35, no. 24 (May 11, 2019): 5235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz382.

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Abstract Motivation Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous RNAs in animals and plants. During pre-RNA splicing, the 5′ and 3′ termini of exon(s) can be covalently ligated to form circRNAs through back-splicing (head-to-tail splicing). CircRNAs can be conserved across species, show tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression patterns, and may be associated with human disease. However, the mechanism of circRNA formation is still unclear although some sequence features have been shown to affect back-splicing. Results In this study, by applying the state-of-art machine learning techniques, we have developed the first deep learning model, DeepCirCode, to predict back-splicing for human circRNA formation. DeepCirCode utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) with nucleotide sequence as the input, and shows superior performance over conventional machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine and random forest. Relevant features learnt by DeepCirCode are represented as sequence motifs, some of which match human known motifs involved in RNA splicing, transcription or translation. Analysis of these motifs shows that their distribution in RNA sequences can be important for back-splicing. Moreover, some of the human motifs appear to be conserved in mouse and fruit fly. The findings provide new insight into the back-splicing code for circRNA formation. Availability and implementation All the datasets and source code for model construction are available at https://github.com/BioDataLearning/DeepCirCode. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Zhang, Xiao-Ou, Rui Dong, Yang Zhang, Jia-Lin Zhang, Zheng Luo, Jun Zhang, Ling-Ling Chen, and Li Yang. "Diverse alternative back-splicing and alternative splicing landscape of circular RNAs." Genome Research 26, no. 9 (June 30, 2016): 1277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.202895.115.

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Zhang, Peng, Xiao-Ou Zhang, Tingting Jiang, Lingling Cai, Xiao Huang, Qi Liu, Dan Li, et al. "Comprehensive identification of alternative back-splicing in human tissue transcriptomes." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 4 (January 24, 2020): 1779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa005.

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Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNAs derived from back-splicing of genes across eukaryotes. Through alternative back-splicing (ABS), a single gene produces multiple circRNAs sharing the same back-splice site. Although many ABS events have recently been discovered, to what extent ABS involves in circRNA biogenesis and how it is regulated in different human tissues still remain elusive. Here, we reported an in-depth analysis of ABS events in 90 human tissue transcriptomes. We observed that ABS occurred for about 84% circRNAs. Interestingly, alternative 5′ back-splicing occurs more prevalently than alternative 3′ back-splicing, and both of them are tissue-specific, especially enriched in brain tissues. In addition, the patterns of ABS events in different brain regions are similar to each other and are more complex than the patterns in non-brain tissues. Finally, the intron length and abundance of Alu elements positively correlated with ABS event complexity, and the predominant circRNAs had longer flanking introns and more Alu elements than other circRNAs in the same ABS event. Together, our results represent a resource for circRNA research—we expanded the repertoire of ABS events of circRNAs in human tissue transcriptomes and provided insights into the complexity of circRNA biogenesis, expression, and regulation.

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Zlotorynski, Eytan. "Intron definition, exon definition and back-splicing revisited." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 20, no. 11 (September 23, 2019): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0178-3.

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Zhang, Ke, Guijun Shang, Abhilash Padavannil, Juan Wang, Ramanavelan Sakthivel, Xiang Chen, Min Kim, et al. "Structural–functional interactions of NS1-BP protein with the splicing and mRNA export machineries for viral and host gene expression." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 52 (December 11, 2018): E12218—E12227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818012115.

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The influenza virulence factor NS1 protein interacts with the cellular NS1-BP protein to promote splicing and nuclear export of the viral M mRNAs. The viral M1 mRNA encodes the M1 matrix protein and is alternatively spliced into the M2 mRNA, which is translated into the M2 ion channel. These proteins have key functions in viral trafficking and budding. To uncover the NS1-BP structural and functional activities in splicing and nuclear export, we performed proteomics analysis of nuclear NS1-BP binding partners and showed its interaction with constituents of the splicing and mRNA export machineries. NS1-BP BTB domains form dimers in the crystal. Full-length NS1-BP is a dimer in solution and forms at least a dimer in cells. Mutations suggest that dimerization is important for splicing. The central BACK domain of NS1-BP interacts directly with splicing factors such as hnRNP K and PTBP1 and with the viral NS1 protein. The BACK domain is also the site for interactions with mRNA export factor Aly/REF and is required for viral M mRNA nuclear export. The crystal structure of the C-terminal Kelch domain shows that it forms a β-propeller fold, which is required for the splicing function of NS1-BP. This domain interacts with the polymerase II C-terminal domain and SART1, which are involved in recruitment of splicing factors and spliceosome assembly, respectively. NS1-BP functions are not only critical for processing a subset of viral mRNAs but also impact levels and nuclear export of a subset of cellular mRNAs encoding factors involved in metastasis and immunity.

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Pitolli, Consuelo, Alberto Marini, Claudio Sette, and Vittoria Pagliarini. "Non-Canonical Splicing and Its Implications in Brain Physiology and Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052811.

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The advance of experimental and computational techniques has allowed us to highlight the existence of numerous different mechanisms of RNA maturation, which have been so far unknown. Besides canonical splicing, consisting of the removal of introns from pre-mRNA molecules, non-canonical splicing events may occur to further increase the regulatory and coding potential of the human genome. Among these, splicing of microexons, recursive splicing and biogenesis of circular and chimeric RNAs through back-splicing and trans-splicing processes, respectively, all contribute to expanding the repertoire of RNA transcripts with newly acquired regulatory functions. Interestingly, these non-canonical splicing events seem to occur more frequently in the central nervous system, affecting neuronal development and differentiation programs with important implications on brain physiology. Coherently, dysregulation of non-canonical RNA processing events is associated with brain disorders, including brain tumours. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on molecular and regulatory mechanisms underlying canonical and non-canonical splicing events with particular emphasis on cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors that all together orchestrate splicing catalysis reactions and decisions. Lastly, we review the impact of non-canonical splicing on brain physiology and pathology and how unconventional splicing mechanisms may be targeted or exploited for novel therapeutic strategies in cancer.

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Hasimbegovic, Ena, Victor Schweiger, Nina Kastner, Andreas Spannbauer, Denise Traxler, Dominika Lukovic, Mariann Gyöngyösi, and Julia Mester-Tonczar. "Alternative Splicing in Cardiovascular Disease—A Survey of Recent Findings." Genes 12, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091457.

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Alternative splicing, a driver of posttranscriptional variance, differs from canonical splicing by arranging the introns and exons of an immature pre-mRNA transcript in a multitude of different ways. Although alternative splicing was discovered almost half a century ago, estimates of the proportion of genes that undergo alternative splicing have risen drastically over the last two decades. Deep sequencing methods and novel bioinformatic algorithms have led to new insights into the prevalence of spliced variants, tissue-specific splicing patterns and the significance of alternative splicing in development and disease. Thus far, the role of alternative splicing has been uncovered in areas ranging from heart development, the response to myocardial infarction to cardiac structural disease. Circular RNAs, a product of alternative back-splicing, were initially discovered in 1976, but landmark publications have only recently identified their regulatory role, tissue-specific expression, and transcriptomic abundance, spurring a renewed interest in the topic. The aim of this review is to provide a brief insight into some of the available findings on the role of alternative splicing in cardiovascular disease, with a focus on atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and circular RNAs in myocardial infarction.

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Tijsen, Anke J., Lucía Cócera Ortega, Yolan J. Reckman, Xiaolei Zhang, Ingeborg van der Made, Simona Aufiero, Jiuru Li, et al. "Titin Circular RNAs Create a Back-Splice Motif Essential for SRSF10 Splicing." Circulation 143, no. 15 (April 13, 2021): 1502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.050455.

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Background: TTN (Titin), the largest protein in humans, forms the molecular spring that spans half of the sarcomere to provide passive elasticity to the cardiomyocyte. Mutations that disrupt the TTN transcript are the most frequent cause of hereditary heart failure. We showed before that TTN produces a class of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that depend on RBM20 to be formed. In this study, we show that the back-splice junction formed by this class of circRNAs creates a unique motif that binds SRSF10 to enable it to regulate splicing. Furthermore, we show that one of these circRNAs (cTTN1) distorts both localization of and splicing by RBM20. Methods: We calculated genetic constraint of the identified motif in 125 748 exomes collected from the gnomAD database. Furthermore, we focused on the highest expressed RBM20-dependent circRNA in the human heart, which we named cTTN1. We used shRNAs directed to the back-splice junction to induce selective loss of cTTN1 in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Results: Human genetics suggests reduced genetic tolerance of the generated motif, indicating that mutations in this motif might lead to disease. RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed binding of circRNAs with this motif to SRSF10. Selective loss of cTTN1 in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes induced structural abnormalities, apoptosis, and reduced contractile force in engineered heart tissue. In line with its SRSF10 binding, loss of cTTN1 caused abnormal splicing of important cardiomyocyte SRSF10 targets such as MEF2A and CASQ2 . Strikingly, loss of cTTN1 also caused abnormal splicing of TTN itself. Mechanistically, we show that loss of cTTN1 distorts both localization of and splicing by RBM20. Conclusions: We demonstrate that circRNAs formed from the TTN transcript are essential for normal splicing of key muscle genes by enabling splice regulators RBM20 and SRSF10. This shows that the TTN transcript also has regulatory roles, besides its well-known signaling and structural function. In addition, we demonstrate that the specific sequence created by the back-splice junction of these circRNAs has important functions. This highlights the existence of functionally important sequences that cannot be recognized as such in the human genome but provides an as-yet unrecognized source for functional sequence variation.

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Lezzhov, Alexander A., Anastasia K. Atabekova, Denis A. Chergintsev, Ekaterina A. Lazareva, Andrey G. Solovyev, and Sergey Y. Morozov. "Viroids and Retrozymes: Plant Circular RNAs Capable of Autonomous Replication." Plants 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2024): 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14010061.

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Among the long non-coding RNAs that are currently recognized as important regulatory molecules influencing a plethora of processes in eukaryotic cells, circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a distinct class of RNAs that are predominantly produced by back-splicing of pre-mRNA. The most studied regulatory mechanisms involving circRNAs are acting as miRNA sponges, forming R-loops with genomic DNA, and encoding functional proteins. In addition to circRNAs generated by back-splicing, two types of circRNAs capable of autonomous RNA-RNA replication and systemic transport have been described in plants: viroids, which are infectious RNAs that cause a number of plant diseases, and retrozymes, which are transcripts of retrotransposon genomic loci that are capable of circularization due to ribozymes. Based on a number of common features, viroids and retrozymes are considered to be evolutionarily related. Here, we provide an overview of the biogenesis mechanisms and regulatory functions of non-replicating circRNAs produced by back-splicing and further discuss in detail the currently available data on viroids and retrozymes, focusing on their structural features, replication mechanisms, interaction with cellular components, and transport in plants. In addition, biotechnological approaches involving replication-capable plant circRNAs are discussed, as well as their potential applications in research and agriculture.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Back-splicing"

Ladet, Julien. "Dérégulation de la biogénèse des ARN circulaires par l'oncoprotéine HBZ de HTLV-1 et conséquences fonctionnelles dans la Leucémie T de l'Adulte (ATL)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0099.

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Le virus HTLV-1 (pour Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1) est responsable de la leucémie T de l'adulte (ATL), une hémopathie maligne très agressive de phénotype T-CD4+. Cette maladie s'accompagne d'une reprogrammation significative du transcriptome, notamment par des altérations des profils d'épissage alternatif des gènes codant pour les protéines. Ma thèse s'est concentrée sur les modifications d'épissage affectant principalement les ARN non-codants, en particulier les ARN circulaires (circRNA), qui résultent d'un mécanisme d'épissage rétrograde impliquant des régulateurs de l'ARN, comme les ARN hélicases. Les circRNA jouent des rôles variés dans la régulation de l'expression génique, notamment en contrôlant la disponibilité des micro-ARN (miRNA) et d'autres régulateurs des ARN. Dans ce cadre, mon travail de thèse a permis de caractériser les profils d'expression des ARN circulaires dans des échantillons d'ATL chroniques, aigües et lymphomateuses, ainsi que d'explorer le rôle de l'oncogène viral HBZ dans ces perturbations et leurs conséquences fonctionnelles. Grâce à des analyses de séquençage des ARN (RNA-seq) sur une cohorte de 25 patients, ainsi que sur des lignées cellulaires exprimant ou non HBZ, nous avons identifié plusieurs circRNA régulés par HBZ, notamment le circRNA-AFF2 (circAFF2), qui pourrait être lié à l'agressivité tumorale. Au plan moléculaire, nous avons découvert que HBZ interagit avec l’hélicase à ARN DHX9, un régulateur clé de la biogénèse des circRNA. HBZ favorise le recrutement de DHX9 sur les ARN primaires AFF2, tout en inhibant son activité hélicase, ce qui entraîne l'accumulation d'ARN double-brin favorisant la formation du circAFF2. Au plan fonctionnel, nous avons démontré, à travers la production in-vitro de circRNA, que la délivrance d'un circAFF2 synthétique s'accompagne d'une augmentation significative de la prolifération des cellules exprimant HBZ et transformées par HTLV-1, tandis que l'inhibition de circAFF2 endogène réduit la viabilité des cellules tumorales. L'ensemble de ces données révèle pour la première fois l'importance des dérégulations des circRNA dans la survie des cellules ATL via l'axe HBZ:DHX9, et soulignent le potentiel des circRNA comme nouveaux outils ou cibles thérapeutiques à explorer dans le traitement de l'ATL
The Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is responsible for Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T-cells. ATL is characterized by significant transcriptome reprogramming, particularly through alterations in alternative splicing profiles of protein-coding genes. My thesis focuses on splicing modifications primarily affecting non-coding RNA, specifically circular RNA (circRNA), which originate from a back-splicing mechanism involving RNA regulators, such as RNA helicases. circRNA play diverse roles in regulating gene expression, including controlling the availability of microRNA (miRNA) and other RNA-binding proteins. In this context, my thesis aimed to characterize the expression profiles of circRNA in chronic, acute, and lymphomatous ATL samples, as well as to explore the role of the viral oncogene HBZ in these alterations and their functional consequences. Through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of a cohort of 25 patients, as well as in cell lines either expressing HBZ or not, we identified several HBZ-regulated circRNA, notably circRNA-AFF2 (circAFF2), which may be linked to tumor aggressiveness. At the molecular level, we discovered that HBZ interacts with RNA helicase DHX9, a key regulator of circRNA biogenesis. HBZ enhances DHX9 recruitment to primary AFF2 RNA, while inhibiting its helicase activity, leading to the accumulation of double-stranded RNA that promotes the formation of circAFF2. Functionally, we demonstrated that in vitro production of circRNA, particularly the delivery of synthetic circAFF2, significantly increases the proliferation of HBZ-expressing and HTLV-1-transformed cells, whereas inhibition of endogenous circAFF2 reduces tumor cell viability. These findings reveal, for the first time, the critical role of circRNA deregulation in the survival of ATL cells though an HBZ:DHX9 axis, and highlight the potential of circRNA as novel tools or therapeutic targets to explore in the treatment of ATL

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Lin, Ying-Chen, and 林盈甄. "Promoter Activity and Alternative Splicing Gene Expression Analysis of White-back Associated Gene (OsWB) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43283915906179669636.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
96
Regulation of gene expression is an essential issue for plant growth, development and environmental responses. In this study, we focus on the gene expression study of a white back associated gene, OsWB, in rice. The accumulation of OsWB protein had been shown to be negatively correlated with chalkiness during rice grain formation under high temperature. However, the regulation of OsWB gene expression and its corresponding physiological function remains to be addressed. To reach this goal, we first characterized the alternative splicing gene expression pattern of OsWB1 at post-transcriptional level. Also, we carried out the promoter activity analysis of OsWB1 either with transient gene activation analysis or transgenic rice plant. By RT-PCR analysis, we identified putative 11 alternative splicing transcript variants (ASTVs) of OsWB1 in TNG 67 rice. The length of these ASTVs can be distributed from 210 bp to 1.5 kb. Comparison of various OsWB1 ASTVs sequence revealed that the process of alternative splicing is dependent on short direct repeat sequence. We are also interested in understanding whether the alternative splicing gene expression of OsWB1 can be affected under different tissues, developmental stages and different abiotic stresses. The results showed that among various OsWB1 transcript variants, the expression of OsWB1-c transcript is highest in booting tissues of rice. OsWB1-b transcript expression was decreased under high temperature but the amount of OsWB1-c transcript remained constant. In addition, the gene expression pattern of OsWB1 is unique in mature rice grains. To further understand how OsWB1 gene expression is regulated at transcriptional level, the promoter sequence of OsWB1 is analyzed and searched for various responsive cis-acting DNA elements. Several elements can be found, including ABA、Me-JA、LTRECOREATCOR15 within OsWB1 promoter. We then used transient gene expression assay to study the relationship between OsWB1 gene expression and plant hormone ABA. Preliminary result indicated that the expression of OsWB1 (1.4 Kb)::GUS can be induced at least ten folds by ABA. To fully understand the subcellular-level gene expression and regulation of OsWB1, the transgenic rice plant of OsWB1 (1.4 Kb)::GUS was also produced. It may due to the weak activity of OsWB1 promoter, the GUS staining did not provide any positive result in various tissues of transgenic rice. Taken together, this study proved that OsWB1 expression is not only controlled by its own promoter but also regulated by alternative splicing.

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Частини книг з теми "Back-splicing"

Dong, Rui, Xu-Kai Ma, Ling-Ling Chen, and Li Yang. "Genome-Wide Annotation of circRNAs and Their Alternative Back-Splicing/Splicing with CIRCexplorer Pipeline." In Epitranscriptomics, 137–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8808-2_10.

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Yang, Yun, and Zefeng Wang. "Constructing GFP-Based Reporter to Study Back Splicing and Translation of Circular RNA." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 107–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7562-4_9.

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Stier, Heike. "Alternative Splicing and Disease." In Handbook of Research on Systems Biology Applications in Medicine, 291–310. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-076-9.ch017.

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Alternative splicing is an important part of the regular process of gene expression. It controls time and tissue dependent expression of specific splice forms and depends on the correct function of about 100 splicing factor proteins of which many are the product of alternative splicing itself. It is therefore not surprising that even minor sequence disturbances can cause mis-spliced gene products with pathological effects. We survey some common diseases which can be traced back to a malfunction of alternative splicing including cystic fibrosis, beta-thalassemia, spinal muscular atrophy and cancer. Often cancer also results from even mis-spliced splicing factors leading to randomly spliced non-functional isoforms of several genes.

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Marlatt, Michael. "13. Splicing Back against the Censors: How Archive/ Counter-Archive Saved the Ontario Board of Censors’ Film Censorship Records from Destruction." In The Screen Censorship Companion, 229–44. University of Exeter Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47788/xlvw2388.

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Mohan, Aiswarya, Deepthi K, and Arun TM. "Computational Approaches for Predicting circRNA-Disease Associations: A Comprehensive Review and Integration of Methods." In Applied Intelligence and Computing, 195–208. Soft Computing Research Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56155/978-81-955020-9-7-20.

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Circular RNA (circRNA), a class of non-coding RNA, produced through the back-splicing of a pre-mRNA, has emerged as a promising way to understand the complex molecular pathways involved in various diseases. These peculiar non-coding RNAs play diverse roles in regulating gene expression, cellular communication, and protein translation, thereby substantially influencing disease pathogenesis. Their involvement in disease initiation and progression underscores the significance of exploring the associations between circRNAs and particular diseases. Exploring the possibilities of circular RNAs can lead to new strategies for diagnosing and treating newly emerging diseases. In contrast to traditional costly biological experiments for revealing associations between circular RNAs and diseases, novel and more efficient computational approaches are being developed to uncover the complex relationships between circRNAs and diseases. Comprehending these associations offer vital insights into disease mechanisms, that can contribute to disease diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This paper analyses eleven fundamental studies investigating circRNAdisease associations using advanced computational techniques, including network- based, matrix-based and machine learning methods. Further- more, the study concludes with a comprehensive listing of the Area Under the Curve (AUC) values from each of the studies, providing a quantitative assessment of the predictive performance of the computational models. The findings from these studies lay the groundwork for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for a broad spectrum of human diseases that target explicitly specific circular RNAs.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Back-splicing"

He, Chengxin, Lei Duan, Huiru Zheng, Yuening Qu, and Zhenyang Yu. "SIDE: Sequence-Interaction-Aware Dual Encoder for Predicting circRNA Back-Splicing Events." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385340.

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Wang, Jun, and Liangjiang Wang. "Prediction of back-splicing sites reveals sequence compositional features of human circular RNAs." In 2017 IEEE 7th International Conference on Computational Advances in Bio- and Medical Sciences (ICCABS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccabs.2017.8114308.

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Ayyildiz, D., E. Dassi, T. Tripathi, A. Monziani, E. Kerschbamer, E. Pennati, D. Ferrarini, et al. "A05 Alterations in linear and back-splicing as new players in huntington’s disease pathogenesis." In EHDN 2018 Plenary Meeting, Vienna, Austria, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-ehdn.5.

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Zhang, Cong, Eric Numkam Fokoua, Songnian Fu, Francesco Poletti, David J. Richardson, and Radan Slavík. "Low loss and back-reflection interconnection between SMF and hollow core fiber by angled fusion splicing." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jth3b.2.

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Pellegrini, Miguel, Dilara Ayyildiz, Guendalina Bergonzoni, Alan Monziani, Takshashila Tripathi, Jessica Döring, Giulia Cardamone, et al. "D12 Faulty linear and back-splicing in Huntington’s disease: novel players in the pathologic process hint at innovative RNA biomarkers." In EHDN 2022 Plenary Meeting, Bologna, Italy, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-ehdn.68.

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