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Статті в журналах з теми "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Dunlap, Christopher A., Soo-Jin Kim, Soon-Wo Kwon, and Alejandro P. Rooney. "Phylogenomic analysis shows that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum is a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus methylotrophicus." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_7 (July 1, 2015): 2104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000226.

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Анотація:

The rhizosphere-isolated bacteria belonging to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum and Bacillus methylotrophicus clades are an important group of strains that are used as plant growth promoters and antagonists of plant pathogens. These properties have made these strains the focus of commercial interest. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of B. methylotrophicus KACC 13105T ( = CBMB205T). Comparative genomic analysis showed only minor differences between this strain and the genome of the B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum type strain, with the genomes sharing approximately 95 % of the same genes. The results of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that the type strains of these two taxa are highly similar. In fact, our results show that the type strain of B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum FZB42T ( = DSM 23117T = BGSC 10A6T) does not cluster with other members of the B. amyloliquefaciens taxon. Instead, it clusters well within a clade of strains that are assigned to B. methylotrophicus, including the type strain of that species. Therefore, we propose that the subspecies B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of B. methylotrophicus.

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2

Маtseliukh, E. V. "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SUBSP. plantarum PROBIOTIC STRAINS AS PROTEASE PRODUCERS." Biotechnologia Acta 8, no. 2 (2015): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech8.02.084.

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3

Borriss, Rainer, Xiao-Hua Chen, Christian Rueckert, Jochen Blom, Anke Becker, Birgit Baumgarth, Ben Fan, et al. "Relationship of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens clades associated with strains DSM 7T and FZB42T: a proposal for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens subsp. nov. and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum subsp. nov. based on complete genome sequence comparisons." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1786–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.023267-0.

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Анотація:

The whole-genome-sequenced rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42T (Chen et al., 2007) and other plant-associated strains of the genus Bacillus described as belonging to the species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus subtilis are used commercially to promote the growth and improve the health of crop plants. Previous investigations revealed that a group of strains represented a distinct ecotype related to B. amyloliquefaciens; however, the exact taxonomic position of this group remains elusive (Reva et al., 2004). In the present study, we demonstrated the ability of a group of Bacillus strains closely related to strain FZB42T to colonize Arabidopsis roots. On the basis of their phenotypic traits, the strains were similar to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7T but differed considerably from this type strain in the DNA sequences of genes encoding 16S rRNA, gyrase subunit A (gyrA) and histidine kinase (cheA). Phylogenetic analysis performed with partial 16S rRNA, gyrA and cheA gene sequences revealed that the plant-associated strains of the genus Bacillus, including strain FZB42T, formed a lineage, which could be distinguished from the cluster of strains closely related to B. amyloliquefaciens DSM 7T. DNA–DNA hybridizations (DDH) performed with genomic DNA from strains DSM 7T and FZB42T yielded relatedness values of 63.7–71.2 %. Several methods of genomic analysis, such as direct whole-genome comparison, digital DDH and microarray-based comparative genomichybridization (M-CGH) were used as complementary tests. The group of plant-associated strains could be distinguished from strain DSM 7T and the type strain of B. subtilis by differences in the potential to synthesize non-ribosomal lipopeptides and polyketides. Based on the differences found in the marker gene sequences and the whole genomes of these strains, we propose two novel subspecies, designated B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum subsp. nov., with the type strain FZB42T ( = DSM 23117T = BGSC 10A6T), and B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens subsp. nov., with the type strain DSM 7T( = ATCC 23350T = Fukumoto Strain FT), for plant-associated and non-plant-associated representatives, respecitvely. This is in agreement with results of DDH and M-CGH tests and the MALDI-TOF MS of cellular components, all of which suggested that the ecovars represent two different subspecies.

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4

Grabova, A. Yu, I. V. Dragovoz, N. O. Leonova, A. N. Ostapchuk, and L. V. Avdeeva. "Exometabolites of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum IMV B-7524 Strain with Growth-Stimulating Activity." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 79, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj79.02.067.

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5

Lee, Sang Yeob, Hang Yeon Weon, Jeong Jun Kim, and Ji Hee Han. "Cultural Characteristics and Mechanism of Bacillus amyloliquefacien subsp. plantarum CC110 for Biological Control of Cucumber Downy Mildew." Korean Journal of Pesticide Science 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2013.17.4.428.

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6

Niazi, Adnan, Shahid Manzoor, Sarosh Bejai, Johan Meijer, and Erik Bongcam-Rudloff. "Complete genome sequence of a plant associated bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum UCMB5033." Standards in Genomic Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 15, 2014): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4056/sigs.4758653.

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7

Dragovoz, I. V., N. O. Leonova, L. B. Zelena, A. V. Rebriyev, and L. V. Avdeeva. "Identification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum IMV B-7404 strain exometabolites with antifungal activity." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 7 (July 20, 2015): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2015.07.129.

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8

Ben Abdallah, Dorra, Olfa Frikha-Gargouri, and Slim Tounsi. "Rizhospheric competence, plant growth promotion and biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain 32a." Biological Control 124 (September 2018): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.01.013.

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9

Cheng, M., Q. Xu, Y. Li, H. Qin, and J. Chen. "Antifungal activity and identification of active compounds of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum against Botryosphaeria dothidea." Forest Pathology 46, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12309.

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10

He, Pengjie, Wenyan Cui, Pengbo He, Shahzad Munir, Xingyu Li, Yixin Wu, Yongmei Li, Suhail Asad, Pengfei He, and Yueqiu He. "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum KC-1 inhibits Zantedeschia hybrida soft rot and promote plant growth." Biological Control 154 (March 2021): 104500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104500.

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11

Dunlap, Christopher A., Soo-Jin Kim, Soon-Wo Kwon, and Alejandro P. Rooney. "Bacillus velezensis is not a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus methylotrophicus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum and ‘Bacillus oryzicola’ are later heterotypic synonyms of Bacillus velezensis based on phylogenomics." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 1212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000858.

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12

Rocha, Gabriela, Priscila Grynberg, Paulo Queiroz, Roberto Togawa, Thifany Purcena, Érica Martins, and Rose Monnerat. "Draft genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain S2784, an isolate useful for microbial control / Projecto de sequência genómica de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain S2784, um isolado útil para o controlo microbiano." BRAZILIAN APPLIED SCIENCE REVIEW 6, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34115/basrv6n3-007.

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13

Titok, M. A., L. N. Valentovich, A. V. Berezhnaya, and E. I. Kolomiets. "Analysis of the genome of the bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BIM B-439D." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 62, no. 5 (October 30, 2018): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2018-62-5-592-600.

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Анотація:

According to the results of the analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum BIM B-439D, it is established that the genome of the strain is unique and is represented by a single ring chromosome with a size of 3978134 base pair containing 46.5 % G/C-pairs. The key genetic loci determining synthesis of antimicro-bic metabolites are defined: lipopeptides (surfactin, fengycin, bacillomycin D), dipeptide (bacilysin), siderophor (bacillibac-tin), polyketide antibiotics (difficidin and oxydifficidin, bacillaene and macrolactin), bacteriocin (amylocyclicin) and peptide/ polyketide (putative - tyrocidin), restriction-modification systems and mobile genetic elements (IS-elements and prophages) are characterized. The identified features in the organization and localization of individual genetic determinants (for example, intact prophage of 37558 bp) can be used as reliable molecular genetic markers for fast identification of the strain when it is used commercially. The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome can serve as the basis for a detailed functional analysis of the practically significant properties of the microorganisms of the Bacillus group.

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14

Calvo, H., J. Navarro, I. Mendiara, D. Blanco, R. Oria, and M. E. Venturini. "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum I3 and I5 growth characterization and activity against brown rot in peach." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1256 (October 2019): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1256.39.

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15

Etchegaray, Augusto, François Coutte, Gabrielle Chataigné, Max Béchet, Ramon H. Z. dos Santos, Valérie Leclère, and Philippe Jacques. "Production ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensOG and its metabolites in renewable media: valorisation for biodiesel production andp-xylene decontamination." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 1 (January 2017): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0288.

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Biosurfactants are important in many areas; however, costs impede large-scale production. This work aimed to develop a global sustainable strategy for the production of biosurfactants by a novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Initially, Bacillus sp. strain 0G was renamed B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum (syn. Bacillus velezensis) after analysis of the gyrA and gyrB DNA sequences. Growth in modified Landy’s medium produced 3 main recoverable metabolites: surfactin, fengycin, and acetoin, which promote plant growth. Cultivation was studied in the presence of renewable carbon (as glycerol) and nitrogen (as arginine) sources. While diverse kinetics of acetoin production were observed in different media, similar yields (6–8 g·L–1) were obtained after 72 h of growth. Glycerol increased surfactin-specific production, while arginine increased the yields of surfactin and fengycin and increased biomass significantly. The specific production of fengycin increased ∼10 times, possibly due to a connecting pathway involving arginine and ornithine. Adding value to crude extracts and biomass, both were shown to be useful, respectively, for the removal of p-xylene from contaminated water and for biodiesel production, yielding ∼70 mg·g–1cells and glycerol, which could be recycled in novel media. This is the first study considering circular bioeconomy to lower the production costs of biosurfactants by valorisation of both microbial cells and their primary and secondary metabolites.

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16

Dragovoz, I. V. "Influence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum IMV B-7404 strain exometabolites on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in winter wheat seedlings." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 87, no. 6 (December 25, 2015): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj87.06.136.

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17

Biondi, E., D. Schiavi, S. Perez Fuentealba, N. Kuzmanovic, P. Minardi, and G. M. Balestra. "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain D747 to control the kiwifruit bacterial canker disease." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1332 (January 2022): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1332.13.

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18

Niazi, Adnan, Shahid Manzoor, Shashidar Asari, Sarosh Bejai, Johan Meijer, and Erik Bongcam-Rudloff. "Genome Analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Subsp. plantarum UCMB5113: A Rhizobacterium That Improves Plant Growth and Stress Management." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2014): e104651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104651.

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19

Nam, Jiyoung, Min Young Jung, Pyoung Il Kim, Hyang Burm Lee, Si Wouk Kim, and Chul Won Lee. "Structural characterization and temperature-dependent production of C17-fengycin B derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum BC32-1." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 20, no. 4 (August 2015): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12257-015-0350-3.

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20

Grabova, A. Yu, I. V. Dragovoz, V. M. Iliash, F. V. Muchnyk, and L. V. Avdeeva. "The Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum IMV B-7524 Strain Exometabolites on the Induction of Defense Reactions in Winter Wheat Plants." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 78, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj78.02.080.

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21

Molinatto, Giulia, Gerardo Puopolo, Paolo Sonego, Marco Moretto, Kristof Engelen, Carlo Viti, Marc Ongena, and Ilaria Pertot. "Complete genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum S499, a rhizobacterium that triggers plant defences and inhibits fungal phytopathogens." Journal of Biotechnology 238 (November 2016): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.09.013.

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22

Rotolo, Caterina, Rita Milvia De Miccolis Angelini, Stefania Pollastro, and Francesco Faretra. "A TaqMan-based qPCR assay for quantitative detection of the biocontrol agents Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain D747." BioControl 61, no. 1 (October 16, 2015): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10526-015-9701-4.

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23

Blom, J., C. Rueckert, B. Niu, Q. Wang, and R. Borriss. "The Complete Genome of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CAU B946 Contains a Gene Cluster for Nonribosomal Synthesis of Iturin A." Journal of Bacteriology 194, no. 7 (March 9, 2012): 1845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.06762-11.

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24

Ben Abdallah, Dorra, Slim Tounsi, and Olfa Frikha-Gargouri. "Inoculum type affect the efficacy of the endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain 32a against the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens." Applied Soil Ecology 134 (February 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.10.010.

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25

Kang, Sang-Mo, Ramalingam Radhakrishnan, and In-Jung Lee. "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum GR53, a potent biocontrol agent resists Rhizoctonia disease on Chinese cabbage through hormonal and antioxidants regulation." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 31, no. 10 (July 10, 2015): 1517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-1896-0.

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26

Papadaki, Eugenia, George Botsaris, Eleftheria Athanasiadi, and Fani Th Mantzouridou. "Processing Wastewaters from Spanish-Style cv. Chalkidiki Green Olives: A Potential Source of Enterococcus casseliflavus and Hydroxytyrosol." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091274.

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Анотація:

The purpose of this study was to examine the isolation of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with functional properties from Spanish-style cv. Chalkidiki green olive processing wastewaters (GOW). Predominant indigenous LAB could serve as bioaugmentation agents/starter culture for table olives production and protected designation of origin specification. Spontaneous fermentation of fresh GOW over different temperatures (15 °C to 50 °C) and pH values (3.5 to 11.5) for 30 d enabled the isolation/molecular identification of the lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus casseliflavus and the plant-associated bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum. E. casseliflavus was found to reduce chemical oxygen demand by 72%. Its resistance to extreme pH values, salinity, and temperature was successfully modeled and the minimum inhibitory concentration of oleuropein against the bacterial growth was determined (0.9 g/L). Furthermore, hydroxytyrosol content was doubled (up to 553 mg/L) after GOW spontaneous fermentation under acidic conditions at 15 °C to 30 °C for 120 d, creating an additional source of input. These results highlight the significance and potential of E. casseliflavus in Spanish-style cv. Chalkidiki green olive processing.

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27

Jamaludin, Siani La, Johanis Fritzgal Rehena, Cecilia Anna Seumahu, and Dominggus Rumahlatu. "Isolation and Identification of Protease Enzyme Producing Bacteria from Fermentation of Gonad Sea Urchin (Echinothrix calamaris)." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 23, no. 4 (January 4, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.23.4.187-198.

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Bekasang of gonad sea urchin is one of the traditional fermentation products which generally involves microorganism spontaneous fermentation. Fermented paste products have a long shelf life and are processed quite easily using protease enzymes. Good exploration of producing protease from bakasang is needed to obtain the protease enzyme-producing microorganism with different characters. The method used in this research is screening with clear zone, measuring the activity of crude extract of protease enzyme characterization of bacteria through gram staining. Identification of potential microorganisms through 16S rRNA sequence. The results showed that there were eight isolates of protease enzyme-producing bacteria (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, and G8) indicated by clear zones around single-colonic bacterial streaks. Only five bacterial isolates (G1, G4, G6, G7, and G8) were tested for the enzyme activity. These isolates have characteristics of positive gram bacteria. The interpretation of the results of molecular analysis using PCR and BLASTN sequences of 16S rRNA gene from five bacterial isolates, showed the identity of bacteria as: G1 was Staphylococcus piscifermentans strain CIP103958 with 99% similarity; Isolate G4 was Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain ATCC 15305 with 99% similarity; Isolate G6 was Staphylococcus condimenti F-2 strain with 99% similarity; Isolate G7 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain FZB42 with 99% similarity; And G8 isolates was Lactobacillus plantarum strain JCM 1149 with 99% similarity.

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28

BIONDI, Enrico, Lorenzo GALLIPOLI, Angelo MAZZAGLIA, Set Perez FUENTEALBA, Nemanja KUZMANOVIĆ, Assunta BERTACCINI, and Giorgio Balestra. "Bacillus-based products for management of kiwifruit bacterial canker." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12184.

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is an important pathogen of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), and bacterial canker of this host is managed by monitoring and chemical control strategies. The efficacy of the bio-pesticides Amylo-X® (based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain D747) and Serenade Max® (strain QST713 of B. subtilis) was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Both antagonists inhibited different biovars of the pathogen in in vitro assays; QST713 was more efficient than D747. The two Bacillus strains also colonized A. deliciosa flowers (c. 105-7 cfu per flower) up to 96 h after inoculation. D747 persisted on leaves (c. 104-6 cfu cm-2) up to 4 weeks after inoculation, during 2 years in Emilia Romagna and Latium regions of Italy. On flowers, the antagonists reduced pathogen populations, compared to untreated (control) flowers. On A. deliciosa and A. chinensis plants under controlled conditions, Amylo-X® reduced severity of bacterial canker, providing ca. 50% relative protection on A. deliciosa and 70% on A. chinensis. Serenade Max® was less effective, giving 0% relative protection on A. deliciosa and 40% on A. chinensis. In a field trial, on A. deliciosa plants, Amylo-X® reduced the severity of bacterial canker on leaves, providing ca. 40% relative protection. The sensitivity of both antagonistic strains to streptomycin sulphate was confirmed by testing the most used concentration where antibiotics are approved for management of bacterial pathogens.

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29

Hao, K., P. He, J. Blom, C. Rueckert, Z. Mao, Y. Wu, Y. He, and R. Borriss. "The Genome of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum Strain YAU B9601-Y2 Contains a Gene Cluster for Mersacidin Synthesis." Journal of Bacteriology 194, no. 12 (May 24, 2012): 3264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00545-12.

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30

Joly, Pierre, Alexandra Calteau, Aurélie Wauquier, Rémi Dumas, Mylène Beuvin, David Vallenet, Julien Crovadore, Bastien Cochard, François Lefort, and Jean-Yves Berthon. "From Strain Characterization to Field Authorization: Highlights on Bacillus velezensis Strain B25 Beneficial Properties for Plants and Its Activities on Phytopathogenic Fungi." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091924.

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Анотація:

Agriculture is in need of alternative products to conventional phytopharmaceutical treatments from chemical industry. One solution is the use of natural microorganisms with beneficial properties to ensure crop yields and plant health. In the present study, we focused our analyses on a bacterium referred as strain B25 and belonging to the species Bacillus velezensis (synonym B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum or B. methylotrophicus), a promising plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) and an inhibitor of pathogenic fungi inducing crops diseases. B25 strain activities were investigated. Its genes are well preserved, with their majority being common with other Bacillus spp. strains and responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites known to be involved in biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activities. No antibiotic resistance genes were found in the B25 strain plasmid. In vitro and in planta tests were conducted to confirm these PGPR and biocontrol properties, showing its efficiency against 13 different pathogenic fungi through antibiosis mechanism. B25 strain also showed good capacities to quickly colonize its environment, to solubilize phosphorus and to produce siderophores and little amounts of auxin-type phytohormones (around 13,051 µg/mL after 32 h). All these findings combined to the fact that B25 demonstrated good properties for industrialization of the production and an environmental-friendly profile, led to its commercialization under market authorization since 2018 in several biostimulant preparations and opened its potential use as a biocontrol agent.

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31

Chowdhury, Soumitra Paul, Jenny Uhl, Rita Grosch, Sylvia Alquéres, Sabrina Pittroff, Kristin Dietel, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Rainer Borriss, and Anton Hartmann. "Cyclic Lipopeptides of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum Colonizing the Lettuce Rhizosphere Enhance Plant Defense Responses Toward the Bottom Rot Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 9 (September 2015): 984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-15-0066-r.

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The commercially available inoculant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 is able to considerably reduce lettuce bottom rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To understand the interaction between FZB42 and R. solani in the rhizosphere of lettuce, we used an axenic system with lettuce bacterized with FZB42 and inoculated with R. solani. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that FZB42 could delay the initial establishment of R. solani on the plants. To show which secondary metabolites of FZB42 are produced under these in-situ conditions, we developed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry–based method and identified surfactin, fengycin, and bacillomycin D in the lettuce rhizosphere. We hypothesized that lipopeptides and polyketides play a role in enhancing the plant defense responses in addition to the direct antagonistic effect toward R. solani and used a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction–based assay for marker genes involved in defense signaling pathways in lettuce. A significant higher expression of PDF 1.2 observed in the bacterized plants in response to subsequent pathogen challenge showed that FZB42 could enhance the lettuce defense response toward the fungal pathogen. To identify if surfactin or other nonribosomally synthesized secondary metabolites could elicit the observed enhanced defense gene expression, we examined two mutants of FZB42 deficient in production of surfactin and the lipopetides and polyketides, by expression analysis and pot experiments. In the absence of surfactin and other nonribosomally synthesized secondary metabolites, there was no enhanced PDF 1.2–mediated response to the pathogen challenge. Pot experiment results showed that the mutants failed to reduce disease incidence in lettuce as compared with the FZB42 wild type, indicating, that surfactin as well as other nonribosomally synthesized secondary metabolites play a role in the actual disease suppression and on lettuce health. In conclusion, our study showed that nonribosomally synthesized secondary metabolites of FZB42 are actually produced in the lettuce rhizosphere and contribute to the disease suppression by mediating plant defense gene expression toward the pathogen R. solani.

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He, Pengfei, Kun Hao, Jochen Blom, Christian Rückert, Joachim Vater, Zichao Mao, Yixin Wu, et al. "Genome sequence of the plant growth promoting strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum B9601-Y2 and expression of mersacidin and other secondary metabolites." Journal of Biotechnology 164, no. 2 (March 2013): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.12.014.

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Karim, Md Abdul, and Rehena Nasrin Happy. "Characterization and antibiogram profile of bacteria isolated from Buriganga river." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49331.

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Selected bacterial isolates from the surface water of Buriganga river were characterized by morphological, biochemical characteristics and sequence-based PCR-amplified fragments of 16S rRNA. All isolates were rod shaped and Gram-positive. The isolates were confirmed as Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae strain FDAARGOS 519, Bacillus cabrialesii strain TE 3, Bacillus tequilensis KCTC strain 13622(T), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 strain ATCC 23350, Bacillus subtilis strain E20 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain 168 based on sequence analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed that showed only one major cluster comprising of two sub-clusters grouping Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae in one and Bacillus tequilensis in another. Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae strain FDAARGOS 519 was susceptible to all antibiotics at different ranges, while Bacillus tequilensis KCTC strain 13622(T) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 strain ATCC 23350 were found to be resistant to polymyxin only but sensitive to other antibiotics. However, Bacillus cabrialesii strain TE 3 was resistant to polymyxin and neomycin, while Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain 168 was resistant to polymyxin, vancomycin and rifampicin.

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Jang, Hyunah, and Misook Kim. "Antidiabetic, Anticholesterol, and Antioxidant Activity of Gryllusbimaculatus Fermented by Bacillus and Lactobacillus Strains." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052090.

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In this study, functionality of Gryllusbimaculatus (GB) fermented by Bacillus and Lactobacillus strain was investigated. GB was fermented by each of the following strains: probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MKSK-J1 (SKGB), probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum MKHA15 (HAGB), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MKSE (SEGB), and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3103 (LPGB). Fermentation was carried out at 35 °C for 24 h. In HAGB, complete inhibition of α-glucosidase and 3-hydroxy-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase occurred (101.94% and 120.89%, respectively), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity (IC50) was significantly low (22.37 mg/mL). After in vitro digestion, SOD-like activity was the highest in HAGB (21.18%). In SKGB, reducing power (EC50) was significantly low (0.29 mg/mL). After in vitro digestion, the reducing was also highest in SKGB (86.06%). Fermentation enhanced the bioactivity of GB; in particular, MKHA15 was found to have great potential as a starter in the production of fermented GB, as it would offer multi-health functions, including antidiabetic, anticholesterol, and antioxidant activity.

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35

Wang, Li-Ting, Fwu-Ling Lee, Chun-Ju Tai, Akira Yokota, and Hsiao-Ping Kuo. "Reclassification of Bacillus axarquiensis Ruiz-García et al. 2005 and Bacillus malacitensis Ruiz-García et al. 2005 as later heterotypic synonyms of Bacillus mojavensis Roberts et al. 1994." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64808-0.

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The Bacillus subtilis group encompasses the taxa Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. atrophaeus, B. mojavensis, B. vallismortis, B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii, B. sonorensis, B. velezensis, B. axarquiensis and B. malacitensis. In this study, the taxonomic relatedness between the species B. axarquiensis, B. malacitensis and B. mojavensis was investigated. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and the gene for DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) confirmed the very high similarities between these three type strains and a reference strain of B. mojavensis (>99 and >97 %, respectively). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed high relatedness values between the type strains of B. axarquiensis, B. malacitensis and B. mojavensis and between these strains and a reference strain of B. mojavensis (83–98 %). Based on these molecular taxonomic data and the lack of phenotypic distinctive characteristics, Bacillus axarquiensis and Bacillus malacitensis should be reclassified as later heterotypic synonyms of Bacillus mojavensis.

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Kurniawan, Andri, Oedjijono Oedjijono, Tamad Tamad, and Uyi Sulaeman. "Short Communication: Biochemistry Analysis and Molecular Approach to Identify the Cultured Bacterial from Ex-Tin Mining Lakes." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 20, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.563-569.

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There are two methods to identify the bacterial characteristic, namely biochemical analysis and the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene (16S rRNA) sequencing analysis. The research aimed to identify the cultured bacterial from ex-tin mining lakes by biochemistry analysis and molecular approach. Nine bacterial were cultured and isolated in nutrient agar and then biochemically characterized by microbact™ 12A and 24E (Oxoid) identification kits. In addition, molecular analysis by 16S rRNA gene was sequenced primer 1492R and primer 27F. Based on biochemistry analysis, these bacterial were identified as belonging to species of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Enterobacter gergoviae; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacter agglomerans; and Nitrobacter spp. The sequence analysis in gene bank of NCBI indicated that these species had similarity with Klebsiella variicola strain F2R9 (Accession NR_025635.1); Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain LMG 2683 (Accession NR_044978.1); Serratia marcescens strain NBRC 102204 (Accession NR_114043.1); Bacillus marisflavi strain TF-11 (Accession NR_118437.1); Falsibacillus pallidus strain CW 7 (Accession NR_116287.1); Klebsiella pneumoniae strain DSM 30104 (Accession NR_117683.1); and Nitrobacter winogradskyi strain Nb-255 (Accession NR_074324.1). However, phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor-Joining Test showed the cultured bacterial were not in the same clade and also with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain LT2 (Accession NR_074910.1); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BCRC 11601; and Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 (Accession NR_114042.1) as in group species and Micrococcus luteus strain NCTC 2665 (Accession NR_075062.2); Chloroflexus islandicus strain isl-2 (Accession NR_148571.2); Flavobacterium gondwanense (Accession M92278.1); and Cytophaga aurantiaca strain JM110 (Accession MN758870.1) as their out group.ABSTRAKTerdapat dua metode untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik bakteri, yaitu analisis biokimia dan analisis sekuensing gen 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA). Karakterisasi bakteri telah dilakukan melalui analisis morfologi dan biokimia dan dikonfirmasimelalui pendekatan molekuler menggunakan sekuensing gen 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri yang dapat dikultur dari danau pascatambang timah melalui analisis biokimiawi dan pendekatan molekuler. Sembilan bakteria berhasil dikultur dan diisolasi di media nutrient agar dan kemudian secara biokimiawi dikarakterisasi menggunakan microbact™ 12A and 24E (Oxoid) identification kits. Lebih lanjut, analisis molekuler menggunakan gen 16S rRNA dilakukan sekuensing dengan primer 1492R dan primer 27F. berdasarkan analisis biokimia, bakteri-bakteri tersebut termasuk ke dalam spesies Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Enterobacter gergoviae; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacter agglomerans; dan Nitrobacter spp. Analisis blasting pada gene bank di NCBI mengindikasikan bahwa spesies-spesies tersebut memiliki kemiripan atau similaritas dengan Klebsiella variicola strain F2R9 (Accession NR_025635.1); Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain LMG 2683 (Accession NR_044978.1); Serratia marcescens strain NBRC 102204 (Accession NR_114043.1); Bacillus marisflavi strain TF-11 (Accession NR_118437.1); Falsibacillus pallidus strain CW 7 (Accession NR_116287.1); Klebsiella pneumoniae strain DSM 30104 (Accession NR_117683.1); dan Nitrobacter winogradskyi strain Nb-255 (Accession NR_074324.1). Namun, pohon filogenetik yang dikonstruksikan dengan Neighbor-Joining Test menunjukkan bahwa bakteri yang dikultur tersebut tidak berada pada clade dan juga dengan Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain LT2 (Accession NR_074910.1); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BCRC 11601; dan Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 (Accession NR_114042.1) yang digunakan sebagai spesies in group species maupun Micrococcus luteus strain NCTC 2665 (Accession NR_075062.2); Chloroflexus islandicus strain isl-2 (Accession NR_148571.2); Flavobacterium gondwanense (Accession M92278.1); dan Cytophaga aurantiaca strain JM110 (Accession MN758870.1) sebagai out groupnya.

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Potekhina, N. V., A. S. Shashkov, G. M. Streshinskaya, E. M. Tul’skaya, Yu I. Kozlova, S. N. Senchenkova, E. B. Kudryashova, and L. I. Evtushenko. "Teichoic acids of three type strains of the Bacillus subtilis group, Bacillus mojavensis VKM B-2650, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens VKM B-2582, and Bacillus sonorensis VKM B-2652." Microbiology 82, no. 5 (September 2013): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002626171305010x.

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Olaoye, Olusegun Ayodele. "Antimicrobial Activities of Five Strains Of Lactococcus Isolated from Beef Against Indicator Organisms of Public Health Significance." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 10 (October 6, 2016): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i10.887-892.893.

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Анотація:

Five strains of Lactococcus, including L. garviae K2, L. piscium SU4, L. lactis subsp. cremoris E22, L. plantarum L7 and L. lactis subsp. hordinae E91 were screened for production of antimicrobial agents. The strains were also analysed for antimicrobial activities against spoilage and pathogenic organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Result revealed that L. piscium SU4, L. plantarum L7 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris E22 had lactic acid production (g/107 colony forming units, CFU) of 7.23, 7.20 and 7.19. The value of 6.83 recorded as lactic acid produced by L. garviae K2 was significantly different from those obtained for others. The highest acetic acid production (3.55 g/107 CFU) was recorded for L. garviae K2 while L. piscium SU4 had the lowest (2.99 g/107 CFU). L. lactis subsp. hordinae E91 had diacetyl production of 71.99 (µg/107 CFU), which was higher than those recorded for other Lactococcus strains. Test for antimicrobial activities showed that Escherichia coli NCTC 86, Yersinia enterocolitica NCTC 10460, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB 10848, Bacillus cereus NCTC 21113 and Pseudomonas flourescens recorded higher susceptibilities to the antimicrobial action of the Lactococcus strains than others; zones of inhibition of 5 mm and above were recorded for the indicator organisms compared to lower values (

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39

Hou, Hong Man, Gong Liang Zhang, and Li Ming Sun. "Isolation and Characteristics of Cholesterol-Lowering L. casei subsp. casei Strain GL-03 Isolated from Cheese." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1681.

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Cholesterol-lowering effect of lactic acid bacteria is well-known. In this study, nine cholesterol-lowering Lactobacillus strains from Chinese traditional cheese, pickle and yoghurt were screened and characterized for their potential use. The microbial content of all the strains was significantly decreased at pH 1.5, but the residual counts of L. casei subsp. casei GL-03, L. plantarum ZP-Z, L. plantarum ZP-05 and L. brevis ZP-04 were more than 107cfu/mL after 6h of incubation. All the nine strains of Lactobacillus indicated good tolerance to bile at concentration less than 0.2% after 2 or 6 h of incubation. L. plantarum ZP-W had maximum hydrophobicity towards xylene while GL-03 strain possessed maximum hydrophobicity for both hexadecane and octane. ZP-05 strain had more effective inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Shigella dysenteriae than other eight strains. These results suggest that L. casei subsp. casei GL-03 may be effective as a probiotic with cholesterol-lowing activities.

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40

Wang, Xin, Liqiong Liang, Hang Shao, Xiaoxin Ye, Xiaobei Yang, Xiaoyun Chen, Yu Shi, Lianhui Zhang, Linghui Xu, and Junxia Wang. "Isolation of the Novel Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F9 and Identification of Lipopeptide Extract Components Responsible for Activity against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri." Plants 11, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030457.

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Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a quarantine disease that seriously affects citrus production worldwide. The use of microorganisms and their products for biological control has been proven to be effective in controlling Xanthomonas disease. In this study, a novel Xcc antagonistic strain was isolated and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F9 by morphological and molecular analysis. The lipopeptide extract of B. amyloliquefaciens F9 (F9LE) effectively inhibited the growth of Xcc in an agar diffusion assay and restrained the occurrence of canker lesions in a pathogenicity test under greenhouse conditions. Consistent with these findings, F9LE treatment significantly inhibited the production of extracellular enzymes in Xcc cells and induced cell wall damage, with leakage of bacterial contents revealed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses. In addition, F9LE also showed strong antagonistic activity against a wide spectrum of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, the main antimicrobial compounds of strain F9 were identified as three kinds of lipopeptides, including homologues of surfactin, fengycin, and iturin. Taken together, our results show that B. amyloliquefaciens F9 and its lipopeptide components have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents against Xcc, and other plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

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Valerio, Francesca, Giuseppe N. Mezzapesa, Ahmed Ghannouchi, Donato Mondelli, Antonio F. Logrieco, and Enrico V. Perrino. "Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils from Four Wild Taxa of Lamiaceae Family Growing in Apulia." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2021): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071431.

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Four taxa of the Lamiaceae family growing in Apulia (Clinopodium suaveolens, Satureja montana subsp. montana, Thymbra capitata, and Salvia fruticosa subsp. thomasii) that had not been previously studied for their potential use in the food sector, were analyzed for their essential oils (EOs) composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against some microorganisms, isolated from bread and bakery products, including molds (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti) and spore-forming bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis). Two different sites were considered for each plant species, and the strongest antimicrobial EOs, which were active against all of the microorganisms tested, were those from one S. montana subsp. montana sample (Sm2) and both T. capitata EOs (Tc1 and Tc2) with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging between 0.093% and 0.375% (v/v) against molds, while higher values were registered for bacteria (0.75–1%). In particular, the biological activity of EOs from T. capitata and S. montana subsp. montana was maybe due to the high amount of thymol and carvacrol, which were also responsible for the highest antioxidant activity. S. fruticosa subsp. thomasii EOs had different chemical profiles but showed only a slight antibacterial effect and no antifungal activity. C. suaveolens showed no significant changes between EOs with an interesting antifungal activity (MIC 0.093%÷0.187% v/v), which may be due to the presence of pulegone. These plant species can be considered as promising sources of bioactive compounds to be exploited as biopreservatives in bread and bakery products mainly considering the low concentration needed to inhibit microorganism’s growth.

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Phelps, Rebecca J., and John L. McKillip. "Enterotoxin Production in Natural Isolates of Bacillaceae outside the Bacillus cereus Group." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 6 (June 2002): 3147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.3147-3151.2002.

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ABSTRACT Thirty-nine Bacillus strains obtained from a variety of environmental and food sources were screened by PCR for the presence of five gene targets (hblC, hblD, hblA, nheA, and nheB) in two enterotoxin operons (HBL and NHE) traditionally harbored by Bacillus cereus. Seven isolates exhibited a positive signal for at least three of the five possible targets, including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus lentimorbis, Bacillus pasteurii, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. PCR amplicons were confirmed by restriction enzyme digest patterns compared to a positive control strain. Enterotoxin gene expression of each strain grown in a model food system (skim milk) was monitored by gene-specific reverse transcription-PCR and confirmed with the Oxoid RPLA and Tecra BDE commercial kits. Lecithinase production was noted on egg yolk-polymyxin B agar for all strains except B. lentimorbis, whereas discontinuous beta hemolysis was exhibited by all seven isolates grown on 5% sheep blood agar plates. The results of this study confirm the presence of enterotoxin genes in natural isolates of Bacillus spp. outside the B. cereus group and the ability of these strains to produce toxins in a model food system under aerated conditions at 32°C.

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Jones, S., and P. J. Warner. "Cloning and expression of alpha-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a stable plasmid vector in Lactobacillus plantarum." Letters in Applied Microbiology 11, no. 4 (October 1990): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1990.tb00164.x.

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Prihanto, Asep A., Rahmi Nurdiani, Yoga D. Jatmiko, Muhamad Firdaus, and Titis S. Kusuma. "Physicochemical and sensory properties of terasi (an Indonesian fermented shrimp paste) produced using Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens." Microbiological Research 242 (January 2021): 126619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2020.126619.

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45

Fedele, Giorgia, Chiara Brischetto, Elisa González-Domínguez, and Vittorio Rossi. "The Colonization of Grape Bunch Trash by Microorganisms for the Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea as Influenced by Temperature and Humidity." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2020): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111829.

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Анотація:

Six commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs: Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. amyloliquefaciens plantarum, B. subtilis, Metschnikowia fructicola, or Trichoderma atroviride) were applied to bunch trash that was then incubated at one of five temperatures (T, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and one of five relative humidity levels (RH, 60, 80, 90, 95, and 100%). After 1 to 13 days of incubation (BCA colonization period), the number of colony forming units (CFUs) was assessed. The colonization of bunch trash in response to T/RH conditions and BCA colonization period differed among the BCAs; the coefficients of variation among the BCAs ranged from 104.6 to 397.7%. Equations were developed that accounted for the combined effects of the T, RH, and BCA colonization period on BCA colonization of bunch trash. Assuming that the equations, which had an R2 > 0.87, correctly predict BCA growth under field conditions, they would help farmers select the BCA to be used for a specific application based on weather conditions at the time of treatment and in the following days. The equations would also help predict how long an early season BCA application remains effective and thereby help farmers decide whether and when a second BCA application may be needed.

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Adibi, Abiodun, Evan R. Rees, Saudia McCarley, Vincent P. Sica, and Nicholas H. Oberlies. "CHARACTERIZATION AND ISOLATION OF PEPTIDE METABOLITES OF AN ANTIFUNGAL BACTERIAL ISOLATE IDENTIFIED AS BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS SUBSPECIES PLANTARUM STRAIN FZB42." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 6, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2017.6.6.1309-1313.

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47

Compaoré, C. S., D. S. Nielsen, H. Sawadogo-Lingani, T. S. Berner, K. F. Nielsen, D. B. Adimpong, B. Diawara, G. A. Ouédraogo, M. Jakobsen, and L. Thorsen. "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum strains as potential protective starter cultures for the production of Bikalga , an alkaline fermented food." Journal of Applied Microbiology 115, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.12214.

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Wang, Weiwei, Zhongfang Tan, Lingbiao Gu, Hao Ma, Zhenyu Wang, Lei Wang, Guofang Wu, Guangyong Qin, Yanping Wang, and Huili Pang. "Dynamics Changes of Microorganisms Community and Fermentation Quality in Soybean Meal Prepared with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Artemisia argyi through Fermentation and Aerobic Exposure Processes." Foods 11, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11060795.

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Анотація:

This study evaluated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum ZA3, Artemisia argyi and their combination, on the fermentation characteristics, microbial community, mycotoxins and crude flavonoids content of fermented soybean meal during fermentation (under anaerobic conditions) and aerobic exposure (under aerobic conditions). The results showed that ZA3, Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi groups had lower pH values and higher lactic acid concentrations compared with controls, and additives increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and decreased those of Acetobacter and Enterobacter; in particular, Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi reduced the abundance of fungi, such as Aspergillus, Pichia, Fusarium, Cladosporium and Xeromyces. Meanwhile, the contents of mycotoxins were lower in treated groups, and even mycotoxins in the control were significantly reduced after 30 d (p < 0.05). Crude flavonoids that were correlated positively with Lactococcus and negatively with Bacillus, Aspergillus, Enterobacter and Kazachstania were significantly higher in the Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi groups (p < 0.05).

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Wang, Yi-Hsin, I.-Ling Lai, Jing-Lin Zheng, and Yi-Hsien Lin. "Using Dynamic Changes of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Arabidopsis thaliana to Evaluate Plant Immunity-Intensifying Bacillus spp. Strains." Phytopathology® 109, no. 9 (September 2019): 1566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-19-0063-r.

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The integral defense responses of plants triggered by the small molecules of plant pathogens are regarded as plant immunity. The pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) occurs on the recognition of a pathogen by receptors on plant cell surfaces as an infection begins. During the activation of PTI, the effectiveness of a plant’s photosynthetic system may be altered. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence was used to assay the dynamic changes of PTI. When we used flg22Pst as an elicitor, we found that the photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 was significantly decreased at 2, 4, and 24 h on treatment with a PTI-intensifying protein, plant ferredoxin-like protein (PFLP). In addition, this reduction in the photosynthetic ETR was also carried out with a PTI-intensifying Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain, PMB05, on the induction of flg22Pst. The disease resistance against bacterial soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) was still enhanced by PMB05. Interestingly, among the eight tested Bacillus species strains, the PTI triggered by HrpNPcc from P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum exhibited an ETR that was significantly decreased by PMB05. Furthermore, this decrease was consistent with rapid H2O2 generation and callose deposition triggered by HrpNPcc and the disease resistance against bacterial soft rot. Taken together, such results led us to conclude that the assay based on the ETR established in this study can be used as a model for evaluating the effectiveness of plant immunity-intensifying microbes for controlling plant diseases.

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Chien-Hsun, Huang, Huang Lina, Chang Mu-Tzu, and Wu Chean-Pin. "Use of novel specific primers targeted to pheS and tuf gene for species and subspecies identification and differentiation of the Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus licheniformis." African Journal of Microbiology Research 11, no. 7 (February 21, 2017): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2017.8434.

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