Статті в журналах: "Ba14"

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Kareta, Theodore, Vishnu Reddy, Juan A. Sanchez, and Walter M. Harris. "Near-infrared Spectroscopy of the Nucleus of Low-activity Comet P/2016 BA₁₄ during Its 2016 Close Approach." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac63cb.

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Abstract The near-Earth comet P/2016 BA14 (PanSTARRS) is a slow-rotating, nearly dormant object, a likely dynamical twin of 252P/LINEAR, and was recently shown to have a mid-infrared spectrum very dissimilar to other comets. Comet BA14 was also recently selected as one of the backup targets for the ESA’s Comet Interceptor, so a clearer understanding of BA14's modern properties would not just improve our understanding of how comets go dormant but could also aid in planning for a potential spacecraft visit. We present observations of BA14 during its 2016 Earth close approach taken with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on two dates, both of which are consistent with direct observations of its nucleus. The reflectance spectrum of BA14 is similar to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, albeit highly phase-reddened. Thermal emission contaminates the reflectance spectrum at longer wavelengths, which we correct with a new Markov Chain Monte Carlo thermal modeling code. The models suggest that BA14's visible geometric albedo is p V = 0.01–0.03, consistent with radar observations; its beaming parameter is typical for NEOs observed in its geometry; and its reflectance spectrum is red and linear throughout the H and K bands. It appears very much like a “normal” comet nucleus despite its mid-infrared oddities. A slow loss of fine grains as the object’s activity diminished might help to reconcile some of the lines of evidence, and we discuss other possibilities. A spacecraft flyby past BA14 could get closer to the nucleus than with a more active target, and we highlight some science questions that could be addressed with a visit to a (nearly) dormant comet.

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Zheng, Jinlong, Siyun Shu, Bin Wang, Xiangyang Tian, Xinmin Bao, Yongming Wu, Zengqiang Zhang, Xiangyang Cao, and Lin Ma. "Encoding and Recognition Processing of Chinese Characters: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5983671.

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This study aimed to investigate the conceptual memory processes that underlie encoding and recognition processing of Chinese characters. Healthy participants (n=14) performed a semantic-relatedness paradigm using categorically related logogram pairs from four different categories (fruit, animal, tool, and clothing). During intentional encoding, subjects were instructed to make semantic judgments and select category-correlated features to bind and memorize logogram pairs. During recognition, subjects were asked to recognize the memorized items. The MATLAB software and spatial clustering analysis were used for image data processing. Compared with baseline, encoding mainly activated BA13, with significant effects in BA6/8/9/46/45/47, BA24, BA7/39/40, BA37/20, and BA18/19; meanwhile, recognition mainly activated BA6/8/9/10/13/45/46/47, BA31, BA7/40, and BA18/19. Compared with recognition, encoding activated BA18/19/37/20/36 with a peak activation area in BA18. Compared with encoding, recognition significantly activated BA7, BA31/32, and BA10. In conclusion, distributed networks of discrete cortical regions with distinct roles are active during semantic processing of logograms. The ventral occipitotemporal and inferior frontal regions display increased levels of encoding-related activity. The dorsal medial brain regions, including the superior frontal gyrus and occipitoparietal regions, are associated with recognition-related activity.

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Dalimunthe, Cici Indriani, Radite Tistama, and Elia Wike Wijayanti Wijaya. "UJI BAKTERI ANTAGONIS UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT MOULDY ROT (Ceratocystis fimbriata) DI LABORATORIUM." Jurnal Agro Estate 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jae.v5i1.78.

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Ceratocystis fimbriata menyebabkan penyakit pada bidang sadap tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis), yang menyebabkan jamur abu-abu atau busuk pada panel sadap yang mempengaruhi hasil lateks. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh bakteri antagonis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan penyakit mouldy rot (Ceratocystis fimbriata) pada skala laboratorium. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non-faktorial yang terdiri dari sepuluh perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Bakteri Antagonis yang digunakan adalah BA1, BA3, BA4, BA5, BA6, BA7, BA8, BA9, dan BA10. Isolat bakteri diambil dari hasil isolasi kulit yang dipulihkan dan kulit tanaman karet perawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan patogen sekitar > 80% adalah BA1, BA4, BA5, BA9, dan BA1. Isolat BA2, BA3, BA6, BA7, dan BA8 dapat menghambat pertumbuhan patogen jamur sekitar 40% hingga <80%. Isolat BA10 memiliki persentase penghambatan tinggi sekitar 92,84%. Pengujian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan pada skala lapangan untuk menentukan efektivitasnya sebagai kontrol biologis penyakit mouldy rot.

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Ootsubo, Takafumi, Hideyo Kawakita, and Yoshiharu Shinnaka. "Mid-infrared observations of the nucleus of Comet P/2016 BA14 (PANSTARRS)." Icarus 363 (July 2021): 114425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114425.

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5

Michalewicz, Joseph, Evelyn Hsu, Jeffrey J. Larson, and Allen W. Nicholson. "Physical map and genetic early region of the T7-related coliphage, BA14." Gene 98, no. 1 (February 1991): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(91)90108-n.

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Ábrego, Leyda E., Adriana Delfraro, Danilo Franco, Juan Castillo, Marlene Castillo, Brechla Moreno, Sandra López-Vergès, Juan M. Pascale, and Juan Arbiza. "Genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial virus group B in Panama reveals a novel genotype BA14." Journal of Medical Virology 89, no. 10 (May 23, 2017): 1734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24838.

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Ali, Siti Atiyah, Tahamina Begum, Faruque Reza, Nor Asyikin Fadzil, and Faiz Mustafar. "sLORETA Source Localisation of Visual Mismatch Negativity in Dyslexic Children During Malay Orthographical Lexicon Stimulations." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 27, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.4.

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Background: While there are studies on visual lexical processing in other languages among dyslexics, no studies were done in the Malay language. The origin of visual lexical processing might be different in the Malay language. We aimed to detect the source localisation of visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) during Malay orthographic lexicon stimulations, employing an event-related potential (ERP) study. Methods: Twelve dyslexic and twelve non-dyslexic children participated in this study. They pushed button ‘1’ when they saw real (meaningful) Malay words and button ‘2’ for pseudowords (meaningless). The source localisation of vMMN was performed in the grand average waveform by applying the standardised low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) method using Net Station software. Results: Left occipital (BA17) and left temporal (BA37) lobes were activated during real words in the non-dyslexic and dyslexic children, respectively. During pseudowords, BA18 and BA17 areas of the left occipital lobe were activated in the non-dyslexic and dyslexic children, separately. vMMN sources were found at the left temporal (BA37) and right frontal (BA11) lobes in nondyslexic and dyslexic children, respectively. Conclusion: Right frontal lobe is the decision-making area where vMMN source was found in dyslexic children. We concluded that dyslexic children required the decision-making area to detect Malay real and pseudowords.

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8

Li, Jian-Yang, Michael S. P. Kelley, Nalin H. Samarasinha, Davide Farnocchia, Max J. Mutchler, Yanqiong Ren, Xiaoping Lu, David J. Tholen, Tim Lister, and Marco Micheli. "The Unusual Apparition of Comet 252P/2000 G1 (LINEAR) and Comparison with Comet P/2016 BA14(PanSTARRS)." Astronomical Journal 154, no. 4 (September 7, 2017): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa86ae.

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9

Sulyanova, Elena A., Denis N. Karimov, and Boris P. Sobolev. "Displacements in the Cationic Motif of Nonstoichiometric Fluorite Phases Ba1−xRxF2+x as a Result of the Formation of {Ba8[R6F68–69]} Clusters: III. Defect Cluster Structure of the Nonstoichiometric Phase Ba0.69La0.31F2.31 and Its Dependence on Heat Treatment." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040447.

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The defect structure of Ba0.69La0.31F2.31 single crystals in as-grown state and after annealing at 1173 K for 336 h was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Both crystals belong to the CaF2 structure type (sp. gr. Fm3¯m). They have vacancies in the main anion motif and interstitial fluorine anions in Wyckoff positions 48i and 4b. Relaxation (static displacement of some main anions to Wyckoff position 32f) is observed in the annealed crystal. It was established that annealing leads to a change in the type of displacement of the main anions in Wyckoff positions 8c from dynamic to static. Displacement of La3+ cations to Wyckoff position 32f is observed in both crystals. A model of the defect structure of Ba0.69La0.31F2.31 is proposed, according to which interstitial fluorine anions and La3+ cations are aggregated into [Ba14−nLanF64+n] clusters with the cuboctahedral anionic core formed by interstitial fluorine anions in Wyckoff positions 48i. Ba2+ cations are located in the cluster in the centers of the faces, and the La3+ cations are shifted by 0.24 Å from the vertices of the cluster along the three-fold axis towards the center of the cluster. The study establishes the relationship between the defect structure of crystals and their structurally sensitive properties, and to develop approaches to their management.

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10

Green, Benjamin, Katy Sorensen, Mary Phillips, Lisa Green, Rachel Watson, Adrienne McCallum, Sarah Brook, et al. "Complex Enterally Tube-Fed Community Patients Display Stable Tolerance, Improved Compliance and Better Achieve Energy and Protein Targets with a High-Energy, High-Protein Peptide-Based Enteral Tube Feed: Results from a Multi-Centre Pilot Study." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113538.

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This pilot study evaluated a high-energy, high-protein, peptide-based, (medium-chain triglycerides) MCT-containing enteral tube feed (Nutrison Peptisorb Plus HEHP®, Nutricia Ltd., Trowbridge, BA14 0XQ, UK.) containing 1.5 kcal/mL and 7.5 g protein/100 mL. Fifteen community-based, enterally tube-fed adults (42 (SD 16.3) years) received the intervention feed daily for 28 days, with gastrointestinal tolerance, compliance and nutrient intake assessed at baseline and after the intervention period. Incidence and intensity of constipation (p = 0.496), nausea (p = 1.000), abdominal pain (p = 0.366) and bloating (p = 0.250) remained statistically unchanged, yet the incidence and intensity of diarrhoea improved significantly after receiving the intervention feed (Z = −2.271, p = 0.023). Compliance with the intervention feed was significantly greater compared to the patient’s baseline regimens (99% vs. 87%, p = 0.038). Compared to baseline, use of the intervention feed enabled patients to significantly increase total energy (1676 kcal/day (SD 449) to 1884 kcal/day (SD 537), p = 0.039) and protein intake (73 g/day (SD 17) to 89 g/day (SD 23), p = 0.001), allowing patients to better achieve energy (from 88% to 99%, p = 0.038) and protein (from 101% to 121%, p < 0.001) requirements. This pilot study demonstrates that a high-energy, high-protein, peptide-based, MCT-containing enteral tube feed maintains gastrointestinal tolerance and improves compliance, energy and protein intake in complex, enterally tube-fed, community-based adult patients, though more work is recommended to confirm this.

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11

Ayangbenro, Ayansina Segun, Mohomud Rashid Adem, and Olubukola Oluranti Babalola. "Bambara Nut Root-Nodules Bacteria from a Semi-Arid Region of South Africa and Their Plant Growth-Promoting Traits." International Journal of Microbiology 2023 (June 30, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8218721.

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Rhizobial nitrogen-fixing bacteria are the main inhabitants of the root nodules of legume plants. Studying the bacterial community of legume nodules is important in understanding plant growth and nutrient requirements. Culture-based technique was used to examine the bacterial community of these underground organs from Vigna subterranea L. Verdc (Bambara nut), an underutilized legume in Africa, for plant growth-promoting traits. In this study, Bambara nuts were planted to trap root-nodule bacteria, and the bacteria were morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly characterized. Five selected isolates were screened in vitro for their plant growth-promoting traits and exhibited differences in their phenotypic traits. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were subjected to partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing for phylogenetic analysis. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, the isolates were identified as BA1 (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia), BA2 (Chryseobacterium sp.), BA3 (Pseudomonas alcaligenes), BA4 (Pseudomonas plecoglossicida), and BA5 (Pseudomonas hibiscicola). Results showed that four of the five isolates could produce IAA. The capability to solubilize phosphate in Pikovskaya’s agar plates was positively shown by four isolates (BA2, BA3, BA4, and BA5). Three isolates could produce hydrogen cyanide while isolates BA1, BA3, BA4, and BA5 were found to have ammonia-production traits. The results suggest that these plant growth-promoting isolates can be used as inoculants for plant growth and productivity.

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Maldonado-García, José Luis, Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez, Enrique Becerril-Villanueva, Samantha Alvarez-Herrera, Lenin Pavón, Luvia Sánchez-Torres, Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina, et al. "Imipramine Administration in Brucella abortus 2308-Infected Mice Restores Hippocampal Serotonin Levels, Muscle Strength, and Mood, and Decreases Spleen CFU Count." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 11 (October 27, 2023): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16111525.

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Brucellosis infection causes non-specific symptoms such as fever, chills, sweating, headaches, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, fatigue, and mood disorders. In mouse models, it has been associated with increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, a decrease in serotonin and dopamine levels within the hippocampus, induced loss of muscle strength and equilibrium, and increased anxiety and hopelessness. Imipramine (ImiP), a tricyclic antidepressant, is used to alleviate neuropathic pain. This study evaluated the effects of ImiP on Balb/c mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 (Ba) at 14- and 28-days post-infection. Serum levels of six cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, MCP-1. and IL-10) were assessed by FACS, while the number of bacteria in the spleen was measured via CFU. Serotonin levels in the hippocampus were analyzed via HPLC, and behavioral tests were conducted to assess strength, equilibrium, and mood. Our results showed that mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 and treated with ImiP for six days (Im6Ba14) had significantly different outcomes compared to infected mice (Ba14) at day 14 post-infection. The mood was enhanced in the forced swimming test (FST) (p < 0.01), tail suspension test (TST) (p < 0.0001), and open-field test (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was an increase in serotonin levels in the hippocampus (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an improvement in equilibrium (p < 0.0001) and muscle strength (p < 0.01). Lastly, there was a decrease in IL-6 levels (p < 0.05) and CFU count in the spleen (p < 0.0001). At 28 days, infected mice that received ImiP for 20 days (Im20Ba28) showed preservation of positive effects compared to infected mice (Ba28). These effects include the following: (1) improved FST (p < 0.0001) and TST (p < 0.0001); (2) better equilibrium (p < 0.0001) and muscle strength (p < 0.0001); (3) decreased IL-6 levels (p < 0.05); and (4) reduced CFU count in the spleen (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest the potential for ImiP to be used as an adjuvant treatment for the symptoms of brucellosis, which requires future studies.

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Pino, Alessandra, Bachir Benkaddour, Rosanna Inturri, Pietro Amico, Susanna C. Vaccaro, Nunziatina Russo, Amanda Vaccalluzzo, et al. "Characterization of Bifidobacterium asteroides Isolates." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030655.

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Bifidobacteria have long been recognized as bacteria with probiotic and therapeutic features. The aim of this work is to characterize the Bifidobacterium asteroides BA15 and BA17 strains, isolated from honeybee gut, to evaluate its safety for human use. An in-depth assessment was carried out on safety properties (antibiotic resistance profiling, β-hemolytic, DNase and gelatinase activities and virulence factor presence) and other properties (antimicrobial activity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization, both strains satisfied all the safety requirements. More specifically, genome analysis showed the absence of genes encoding for glycopeptide (vanA, vanB, vanC-1, vanC-2, vanD, vanE, vanG), resistance to tetracycline (tetM, tetL and tetO) and virulence genes (asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, hyl).

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Lombrea, Adelina, Claudia Geanina Watz, Larisa Bora, Cristina Adriana Dehelean, Zorita Diaconeasa, Stefania Dinu, Māris Turks, Jevgeņija Lugiņina, Uldis Peipiņš, and Corina Danciu. "Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Antimelanoma Activity of Novel Semisynthetic Derivatives of Betulinic Acid with Indole Conjugation." Plants 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13010036.

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The prevalence and severity of skin cancer, specifically malignant melanoma, among Caucasians remains a significant concern. Natural compounds from plants have long been explored as potential anticancer agents. Betulinic acid (BI) has shown promise in its therapeutic properties, including its anticancer effects. However, its limited bioavailability has hindered its medicinal applications. To address this issue, two recently synthesized semisynthetic derivatives, N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)diglycylglycine (BA1) and N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycylglycine (BA2), were compared with previously reported compounds N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycine (BA3), 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid (BA4), and BI. These compounds were evaluated for their effects on murine melanoma cells (B164A5) using various in vitro assays. The introduction of an indole framework at the C2 position of BI resulted in an increased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of compound BA4 was enhanced by conjugating its carboxylic group with an amino acid residue. BA2 and BA3, with glycine and glycylglycine residues at C28, exhibited approximately 2.20-fold higher inhibitory activity compared to BA4. The safety assessment of the compounds on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) has revealed that concentrations up to 10 µM slightly reduced cell viability, while concentrations of 75 µM resulted in lower cell viability rates. LDH leakage assays confirmed cell membrane damage in B164A5 cells when exposed to the tested compounds. BA2 and BA3 exhibited the highest LDH release, indicating their strong cytotoxicity. The NR assay revealed dose-dependent lysosome disruption for BI and 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid derivatives, with BA1, BA2, and BA3 showing the most cytotoxic effects. Scratch assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of cell migration, with BA2 and BA3 being the most effective. Hoechst 3342 staining revealed that BA2 induced apoptosis, while BA3 induced necrosis at lower concentrations, confirming their anti-melanoma properties. In conclusion, the semisynthetic derivatives of BI, particularly BA2 and BA3, show promise as potential candidates for further research in developing effective anti-cancer therapies.

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Teixeira, Flavia França, Reinaldo Lúcio Gomide, Paulo Emílio Pereira de Albuquerque, Camilo Lélis Teixeira de Andrade, Carlos Eduardo Prado Leite, Sidney Netto Parentoni, Paulo Evaristo de Oliveira Guimarães, et al. "Evaluation of maize core collection for drought tolerance." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 10, no. 4 (December 2010): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332010000400005.

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The maize genebank (GBmaize) preserves nearly 4,000 accessions for conservation and use. The use is however restricted because the accessions do not perform as well as the elite genotypes. This problem can be reduced by pre-breeding, i.e., by extending the information on germplasm and introgressing useful alleles. Since irregular rainfall distribution and drought induce maize yield losses, drought tolerance is a main breeding target. In this study, the GBmaize accessions were evaluated for drought tolerance. Environmental factors, genotypes and the respective interactions influence the phenotypic expression. There was however no interaction genotype - irrigation level, so no accessions with different performance under the two water regimes could be identified. The performance of the following accessions was promising for a number of traits: SP154, BA166, MG099, CE002, SE025, BA154, BA194, BA085, MG076, PR053, Roxo Macapá, SE016, and AL018.

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Pankowska, Anna, Sylwester Matwiejczuk, Paulina Kozioł, Tomasz Żarnowski, Radosław Pietura, and Ewa Kosior-Jarecka. "Visual Tract Degradation in Bilateral Normal-Tension Glaucoma—Cortical Thickness Maps and Volumetric Study of Visual Pathway Areas." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071907.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the central visual pathways during the early and advanced stages of bilateral normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods: The studied groups constituted patients with bilateral normal-tension glaucoma of the same stage (n = 45) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n = 17). All patients underwent ophthalmic examination and examination on a 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Scanner (Optima 360, GE Healthcare). Volume and cortical thickness analyses were performed using the open-source automated software package FreeSurfer. Results: There was a significant difference in lateral geniculate nuclei volume between the control and advanced glaucoma groups in the right hemisphere (p = 0.03) and in the left hemisphere between the early and advanced glaucoma patients (p = 0.026). The optic chiasm volume differed significantly between the control and advanced NTG groups (p = 0.0003) and between early and advanced glaucoma patients (p = 0.004). Mean cortical thickness analysis revealed a significant increase in values in the advanced glaucoma group in the right Brodmann area 17 (BA17) (p = 0.007) and right BA18 (p = 0.049) as compared to early NTG. In the left BA18 area, the mean thickness of the cortex in the early glaucoma group was significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The increase in the grey matter thickness in the V1 region with more-advanced glaucoma stages may reflect compensatory hypertrophy. Additionally, the regions of the brain early affected during glaucoma with reduced thickness were the right lateral occipital gyrus and left lingual gyrus. The most prominent change during the course of glaucoma was the increase in grey matter thickness in the right cuneus.

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Lemanowicz, Joanna, Agata Bartkowiak, Aleksandra Zielińska, Iwona Jaskulska, Magdalena Rydlewska, Katarzyna Klunek, and Magdalena Polkowska. "The Effect of Enzyme Activity on Carbon Sequestration and the Cycle of Available Macro- (P, K, Mg) and Microelements (Zn, Cu) in Phaeozems." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010172.

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The study objective was to determine the relationship of selected enzyme activities with carbon sequestration and N, P, K, Mg, Zn and Cu contents in Phaeozem soils. Soil samples were taken from a 10 ha area. A selection of their physical and chemical properties and the contents of the available forms of selected macro- and microelements were determined. The activities of dehydrogenases (DEH), catalase (CAT), peroxidases (PER), alkaline (AlP) and acid (AcP) phosphatase, β-glucosidase (BG) and proteases (PR) were also determined. The relationship between enzymatic soil fertility indices (AlP/AcP, BIF, GMea, TEI, BA12 and BA13) and selected soil parameters was also determined. The research used principal component analysis (PCA) to distinguish significantly correlated parameters of a Phaeozem used for agricultural purposes. The study area showed low TOC and K contents and average P and Mg contents. Significant positive correlations were found between the TOC content and activity of the tested enzymes, evidencing that soil enzymes are an important parameter in carbon sequestration and soil nutrient dynamics.

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Lombrea, Adelina, Alexandra-Denisa Semenescu, Ioana Zinuca Magyari-Pavel, Māris Turks, Jevgeņija Lugiņina, Uldis Peipiņš, Delia Muntean, Cristina Adriana Dehelean, Stefania Dinu, and Corina Danciu. "Comparison of In Vitro Antimelanoma and Antimicrobial Activity of 2,3-Indolo-betulinic Acid and Its Glycine Conjugates." Plants 12, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12061253.

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Malignant melanoma is one of the most pressing problems in the developing world. New therapeutic agents that might be effective in treating malignancies that have developed resistance to conventional medications are urgently required. Semisynthesis is an essential method for improving the biological activity and the therapeutic efficacy of natural product precursors. Semisynthetic derivatives of natural compounds are valuable sources of new drug candidates with a variety of pharmacological actions, including anticancer ones. Two novel semisynthetic derivatives of betulinic acid—N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)diglycylglycine (BA1) and N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycylglycine (BA2)—were designed and their antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and anti-migratory activity against A375 human melanoma cells was determined in comparison with known N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycine (BA3), 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid (BA4) and naturally occurring betulinic acid (BI). A dose-dependent antiproliferative effect with IC50 values that ranged from 5.7 to 19.6 µM was observed in the series of all five compounds including betulinic acid. The novel compounds BA1 (IC50 = 5.7 µM) and BA2 (IC50 = 10.0 µM) were three times and two times more active than the parent cyclic structure B4 and natural BI. Additionally, compounds BA2, BA3, and BA4 possess antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC values in the range of 13–16 µg/mL and 26–32 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, antifungal activity toward Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was found for compound BA3 with MIC 29 µg/mL. This is the first report of antibacterial and antifungal activity of 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid derivatives and also the first extended report on their anti-melanoma activity, which among others includes data on anti-migratory activity and shows the significance of amino acid side chain on the observed activity. The obtained data justify further research on the anti-melanoma and antimicrobial activity of 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid derivatives.

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Taheri, Mohammad Ali, Sara Torabi, Noushin Nabavi, Fatemeh Modarresi-Asem, Majid Abbasi Sisara, Parisa Maftoun, and Farid Semsarha. "Task-fMRI Group and Functional Connectivity Analysis of the Brain During Faradarmani Consciousness Field Connection." Scientific Journal of Cosmointel 1, no. 2 (April 16, 2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.61450/joci.v1i2.29.

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Taheri Consciousness (T-Consciousness) was introduced and defined by Mohammad Ali Taheri as one of the constituent components of the Cosmos in addition to matter and energy, from which Taheri Consciousness Fields (TCFs) are derived. TCFs are not matter or energy, but they can be proven by scientific experiments. The effect of Faradarmani CF, as one TCFs, was examined in this study. Faradarmangar is a certified and trained individual who has been entrusted with the TCFs. Task fMRI has played a critical role in recognizing the specific functions of the different regions of the human brain during various cognitive activities. This study aimed to investigate the group analysis and functional connectivity in the Faradarmangars’ brains during Faradarmani CF (FCF) connection. Using task functional MRI (task-fMRI), we attempted the identification of different activated and deactivated brain regions during the TCFs connection. Clusters that showed significant differences in peak intensity between the task and rest groups were selected as seeds for seed-voxel analysis. Connectivity of group differences in functional connectivity analysis was determined following each activation and deactivation network. In this study, we report the fMRI-based representation of the FCF connection at the human brain level. The group analysis of the FCF connection task revealed activation of the frontal lobe (BA6/BA10/BA11). Moreover, seed-based functional connectivity analysis showed decreased connectivity within activated clusters and posterior Cingulate Gyrus (BA31). Moreover, we observed increased connectivity within deactivated clusters and the frontal lobe (BA11/BA47) during the FCF connection. Activation clusters, as well as the increased and decreased connectivity between different regions of the brain during the FCF connection, firstly, validates the significant effect of FCF and, secondly, indicates a distinctive pattern of connection with this non material and non-energetic field in the brain.

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20

Nurizal, Imam, Ruth Stella Petrunella Thei, and Irwan Muthahanas. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK KOHE KAMBING YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN BIOAKTIVATOR Streptomyces sp. TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM TANAMAN CABAI." AGROTEKSOS 34, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v34i1.1037.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kohe kambing yang difermentasi dengan bioaktivator Streptomyces sp. terhadap penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium sp. pada tanaman cabai (C. frutescens). Percobaan dilaksanakan di sawah milik petani pada bulan Mei - September 2023, di Kelurahan Surya Wangi, Kecamatan Labuhan Haji, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan yaitu T0 (Tanpa pemberian pupuk), B0 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing tanpa penambahan bioaktivator), BA1 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing + SH + BSI), BA2 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing + SH + BSC), BA3 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing + BSI + BSC), dan BA4 (Pupuk KOHE Kambing + SH + BSI + BSC) dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali sehingga didapatkan 36 unit petak percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada parameter insiden penyakit fusarium, jumlah buah, serta bobot buah menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata.

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Liu, Huacong, Lanpin Chen, Guifeng Zhang, Yijing Jiang, Shanshan Qu, Songyan Liu, Yong Huang, and Junqi Chen. "Scalp Acupuncture Enhances the Functional Connectivity of Visual and Cognitive-Motor Function Network of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8836794.

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Object. To explore the specific effect of the international standard scalp acupuncture (ISSA) on patients with brain dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI). Design. A parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Participants. 30 hemiplegic patients with middle cerebral artery acute infarction of the dominant hemisphere. Interventions. 30 patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. 15 patients in the treatment group (TG) were treated with ISSA, needling at the parietal midline (MS5) and left anterior/posterior parietal-temporal oblique lines (MS6 and MS7), combined with western routine treatment. While another 15 patients in the control group (CG) received routine treatment only. Main Outcome Measures. (1) Functional connectivity (FC): patients received brain scan using 3.0 T MRI after the treatment for 1 week. Based on the Matlab2012a platform, SPM12 software and DPABI software were used to process the scanning data and finally the functional connectivity of the brain was obtained. (2) National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Results. The difference in the NIHSS score between the two groups of patients before and after treatment was statistically significant (tNIHSS = 2.225; PNIHSS = 0.038), indicating that TG had a better effect. Centered to the seed region of the left supplementary motor area (SMA) (−5.32, 4.85, 61.38), FC increased at the left middle cerebellar peduncle, left cerebellum posterior lobe (uvula and declive), vermis, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, calcarine, cuneus, precuneus, BA7, BA18 and BA19, etc. Centered to the seed region of the left parahippocampal gyrus (PG) (−21.17, −15.95, −20.70), FC increased at the left precuneus, inside-paracingulate, inferior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, BA5, BA6, BA7, and BA40, right median cingulate, precuneus, BA19, BA23, and BA31, etc. Conclusions. It is indicated that ISSA can regulate the brain functional connection in patients with middle cerebral artery acute infarction in the dominant hemisphere and specifically strengthen the connections between visual, cognitive, motor control, and planning-related brain regions, which may be related to the recovery of movement in the mechanism. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-15007672.

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طاهری, محمد علی, سارا ترابی, نوشین نبوی, فاطمه مدرسی عاصم, مجید عباسی سیسرا, علی رضایی, پریسا مفتون та فرید سمسارها. "آنالیز Task-fMRI گروهی و ارتباط عملکردی مغز در حین ارتباط میدان شعوری فرادرمانی". ژورنال علمی کازمواینتل 1, № 2 (26 липня 2022): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.61450/joci.fa.v1i2.88.

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شعور (ط) به عنوان یکی از عناصر سازنده جهان هستی علاوه بر ماده و انرژی توسط محمد علی طاهری معرفی شده است که میدان های شعوری (ط) از آن منشا می گیرند. این میدان ها ماده و انرژی نیستند اما میتوانند توسط آزمایشهای علمی اثبات شوند. اثر میدان شعوری فرادرمانی، به عنوان یکی از میدان های شعوری طاهری (ط) در این مطالعه استفاده شده است. فرادرمانگر، فردی آموزش دیده است که میدان های شعوری (ط) به او تفویض شده است. تسک fMRI نقش مهمی در شناخت عملکردهای ویژه مناطق مختلف مغز انسان حین فعالیت های شناختی مختلف ایفا کرده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تحلیل گروهی و ارتباط عملکردی در مغز فرادرمانگران حین ارتباط میدان شعوری فرادرمانی انجام شد و با استفاده از تسک MRI عملکردی (Task-fMRI) ، مناطق مختلف فعال و غیرفعال شده ی مغز حین این ارتباط شناسایی شد. کلاسترهایی که تفاوت معنی داری در شدت پیک بین گروه تسک و استراحت نشان دادند به عنوان seed برای تجزیه و تحلیل voxel -seed انتخاب شدند. بعد از تعیین شبکه های فعال و غیرفعال شده connectivity تفاوت های گروهی در تجزیه و تحلیل ارتباط عملکردی استفاده شد. در این مطالعه، نمایش مبتنی بر fMRI از ارتباط میدان شعوری فرادرمانی گزارش می شود. تحلیل گروهی داده ها، فعال شدن لوب پیشانی (BA6/ BA10/BA11) را حین ارتباط میدان شعوری فرادرمانی نشان داد. علاوه بر این، تجزیه و تحلیل ارتباط عملکردی مبتنی بر seed، کاهش ارتباط بین کالسترهای فعال شده و شکنج کمربند خلفی (BA31) را نشان داد. همچنین، افزایش ارتباط در کالسترهای غیرفعال و لوب پیشانی (BA11/BA47) حین ارتباط میدان شعوری فرادرمانی مشاهده شد. کالسترهای فعال شده و همچنین افزایش و کاهش ارتباط بین نواحی مختلف مغز حین ارتباط میدان شعوری فرادرمانی، اوال، تأثیرگذاری قابل توجه میدان شعوری فرادرمانی را تأیید می کند و ثانیا، الگوی متمایز ارتباط با این میدان غیرمادی و غیر انرژیایی را، در سطح مغز، نمایان می سازد.

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Adeleye, Adeniyi Olarewaju, Afeez Oladeji Amoo, Emmanuel Madu Ijanu, Nura Umar Kura, Catherine Iyabo Asaju, Mohammed Bello Yerima, Babangida Yalwaji, and Saheed Mohammed Ishaq. "Assessment of groundwater quality: Physicochemical and bacteriological evidence from boreholes in Sangayan Diriya village, northeast Nigeria." Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i2.5.

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The poor geology of Sangayan Diriya village has barred residents from getting access to water from the groundwater in their homes from time immemorial. This study was aimed at assessing the quality of boreholes sunk in close proximity to River Diriya wherein eight water samples were aseptically collected from the two available boreholes; borehole A (BA1, BA2, BA3 and BA4) and borehole B (BB1, BB2, BB3 and BB4). Standard procedures were employed for determining physicochemical properties, while pour plate method and most probable number (MPN) were used to estimate total viable bacterial counts and coliform count in the water collected, respectively. Results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible standards. Results indicated pH, temperature, total hardness, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), sulphate, nitrate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and nitrate conformed to regulated standards, but mean phosphate concentration (1.79 mg/L) was above WHO allowable limit. However, out of the six heavy metals estimated in the water samples, i.e., Cadmium, Iron, Copper, Arsenic, Lead and Chromium, mean Iron concentration (1.16 mg/L) and mean Arsenic concentration (0.37 mg/L) were above allowable limits. The highest total viable bacterial count (6.3 × 104 CFU/mL) was recorded in BA2. Using the MPN method, BA4 recorded the highest coliform count (14 MPN/100 mL) while BB2 recorded the lowest coliform count (7 MPN/100 mL) each above WHO allowable limit. The findings in this study indicated that the water samples did not meet regulated standards and should be subjected to suitable treatment before drinking.

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Könönen, Mervi, Jyrki T. Kuikka, Minna Husso-Saastamoinen, Esko Vanninen, Ritva Vanninen, Seppo Soimakallio, Esa Mervaala, Juhani Sivenius, Kauko Pitkänen, and Ina M. Tarkka. "Increased Perfusion in Motor Areas after Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Chronic Stroke: A Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography Study." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 25, no. 12 (June 1, 2005): 1668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600158.

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Hemiparesis is the most common deficit after cerebral stroke. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a new neurorehabilitation method that emphasizes task-relevant repetitive training for the stroke hand. Twelve chronic stroke patients were studied with single-photon emission computerized tomography at rest before and after the two-week CIMT period. Increased perfusion was found in motor control related areas. The specific areas with an increase in perfusion in the affected hemisphere were in the precentral gyrus, premotor cortex (Brodmann's area 6 (BA6)), frontal cortex, and superior frontal gyrus (BA10). In the nonaffected hemisphere, perfusion was increased in the superior frontal gyrus (BA6) and cingulate gyrus (BA31). In the cerebellum increased perfusion was seen bilaterally. The brain areas with increased perfusion receive and integrate the information from different sensory systems and plan the movement execution. Regional cerebral perfusion decreased in the lingual gyrus (BA18) in the affected hemisphere. In the nonaffected frontal cortex, two areas with decreased perfusion were found in the middle frontal gyrus (BA8/10). Also, the fusiform gyrus (BA20) and inferior temporal gyrus (BA37) in the non-affected hemisphere showed decreased perfusion. Intensive movement therapy appears to change local cerebral perfusion in areas known to participate in movement planning and execution. These changes might be a sign of active reorganization processes after CIMT in the chronic state of stroke.

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Joiner, K. S., F. J. Hoerr, E. van Santen, and S. J. Ewald. "The Avian Major Histocompatibility Complex Influences Bacterial Skeletal Disease in Broiler Breeder Chickens." Veterinary Pathology 42, no. 3 (May 2005): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-3-275.

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This study evaluated bacterial skeletal disease in conjunction with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in a genetically pure line of broiler breeder chickens. Chickens from six broiler breeder flocks were examined for skeletal lesions, bacterial pathogens, and MHC genotype. During a 10-week period, eighty-eight, 9- to 21-week-old lame chickens and 34 normal, age-matched controls were selected. Tenosynovitis, arthritis, and femoral or tibiotarsal (or both) osteomyelitis occurred in 86 of 88 (97.7%) lame chickens. Ninety-five bacterial isolates were obtained from 83 of 88 (94.3%) lame birds and 4 of 34 (11.8%) controls. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from 72.6% of the skeletal lesions, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus (38.9%). MHC B complex genotypes were determined by hemagglutination for 88 lame birds, 34 controls, and 200 randomly selected birds from each of the six flocks (1,200 total). Combined chi-square analysis revealed that the homozygous MHC genotypes BA4/A4 (x2 = 14.54, P = 0.0063) and BA12/A12 (x2 = 42.77, P = 0.0001) were overrepresented in the sample of symptomatic birds compared with random samples from the same flocks. The homozygous A4 and A12 MHC genotypes influenced flock chi-square values more than the corresponding heterozygotes. An MHC B complex influence on bacterial skeletal disease was apparent in this line of broiler breeders.

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Chirhart-Gilleland, Rebecca L., Michael E. Kovach, Philip H. Elzer, Stephen R. Jennings, and R. Martin Roop. "Identification and Characterization of a 14-Kilodalton Brucella abortus Protein Reactive with Antibodies from Naturally and Experimentally Infected Hosts and T Lymphocytes from Experimentally Infected BALB/c Mice." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 4000–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.8.4000-4003.1998.

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ABSTRACT A low-molecular-weight recombinant Brucella abortusprotein reactive with antibodies from a variety of naturally and experimentally infected hosts and T lymphocytes from experimentally infected mice was identified and given the designation BA14K. The gene encoding BA14K was cloned and characterized, and the predicted amino acid sequence of this immunoreactive protein showed no significant homology with previously described proteins. Sequences homologous to the cloned fragment encoding BA14K were identified by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs from representatives of all of the currently recognized Brucella species. Studies employing BA14K should contribute to our efforts to better understand the antigenic specificity of protective immunity to brucellosis.

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David, Laure C., Sang-Kyu Lee, Eduard Bruderer, Melanie R. Abt, Michaela Fischer-Stettler, Marie-Aude Tschopp, Erik M. Solhaug, Katarzyna Sanchez, and Samuel C. Zeeman. "BETA-AMYLASE9 is a plastidial nonenzymatic regulator of leaf starch degradation." Plant Physiology 188, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab468.

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Abstract β-Amylases (BAMs) are key enzymes of transitory starch degradation in chloroplasts, a process that buffers the availability of photosynthetically fixed carbon over the diel cycle to maintain energy levels and plant growth at night. However, during vascular plant evolution, the BAM gene family diversified, giving rise to isoforms with different compartmentation and biological activities. Here, we characterized BETA-AMYLASE 9 (BAM9) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Among the BAMs, BAM9 is most closely related to BAM4 but is more widely conserved in plants. BAM9 and BAM4 share features including their plastidial localization and lack of measurable α-1,4-glucan hydrolyzing capacity. BAM4 is a regulator of starch degradation, and bam4 mutants display a starch-excess phenotype. Although bam9 single mutants resemble the wild-type (WT), genetic experiments reveal that the loss of BAM9 markedly enhances the starch-excess phenotypes of mutants already impaired in starch degradation. Thus, BAM9 also regulates starch breakdown, but in a different way. Interestingly, BAM9 gene expression is responsive to several environmental changes, while that of BAM4 is not. Furthermore, overexpression of BAM9 in the WT reduced leaf starch content, but overexpression in bam4 failed to complement fully that mutant’s starch-excess phenotype, suggesting that BAM9 and BAM4 are not redundant. We propose that BAM9 activates starch degradation, helping to manage carbohydrate availability in response to fluctuations in environmental conditions. As such, BAM9 represents an interesting gene target to explore in crop species.

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Hallab, Asma, Catharina Lange, Ivayla Apostolova, Cansu Özden, Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla, Susanne Klutmann, Winfried Brenner, Michel J. Grothe, and Ralph Buchert. "Impairment of Everyday Spatial Navigation Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Weakly Associated with Reduced Grey Matter Volume in the Medial Part of the Entorhinal Cortex." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 78, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 1149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200520.

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Background: Research in rodents identified specific neuron populations encoding information for spatial navigation with particularly high density in the medial part of the entorhinal cortex (ERC), which may be homologous with Brodmann area 34 (BA34) in the human brain. Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether impaired spatial navigation frequently occurring in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is specifically associated with neurodegeneration in BA34. Methods: The study included baseline data of MCI patients enrolled in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with high-resolution structural MRI, brain FDG PET, and complete visuospatial ability scores of the Everyday Cognition test (VS-ECog) within 30 days of PET. A standard mask of BA34 predefined in MNI space was mapped to individual native space to determine grey matter volume and metabolic activity in BA34 on MRI and on (partial volume corrected) FDG PET, respectively. The association of the VS-ECog sum score with grey matter volume and metabolic activity in BA34, APOE4 carrier status, age, education, and global cognition (ADAS-cog-13 score) was tested by linear regression. BA28, which constitutes the lateral part of the ERC, was used as control region. Results: The eligibility criteria led to inclusion of 379 MCI subjects. The VS-ECog sum score was negatively correlated with grey matter volume in BA34 (β= –0.229, p = 0.022) and age (β= –0.124, p = 0.036), and was positively correlated with ADAS-cog-13 (β= 0.175, p = 0.003). None of the other predictor variables contributed significantly. Conclusion: Impairment of spatial navigation in MCI is weakly associated with BA34 atrophy.

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Muzaki, Ahmad, Nasyiin Faqih, Ahmad Alfin, Mushthofa Mushthofa, and Mochammad Qomaruddin. "PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG BARU LIMA LANTAI RS PKUM WONOSOBO." Device 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/device.v14i1.7032.

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Melonjaknya kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan di RS PKUM Wonosobo diperlukan peningkatan layanan kesehatan. Direncanakan gedung lima lantai menggunakan struktur beton rigid serta atap menggunakan struktur baja profil. Perencanaan struktur gedung mengacu pada SNI 2847:2019 dan SNI 1729:2020. Beban yang bekerja ditinjau berdasarkan SNI 1727:2019 dan SNI 1726:2019. Pengambilan data perencanaan, menentukan standart acuan, menentukan sistem struktur, preliminary design, menganalisa menggunakan program SAP2000 dan SPColumn, menentukan kebutuhan tulangan, serta mendesain fondasi.Perencanaan konstruksi terlebih dahulu menentukan sistem rangka pemikul momen. Struktur pada gedung dianalisa menggunakan aplikasi SAP2000 dan dihitung berdasarkan gaya dalam yang terjadi. Dari pengolahan data digunakan atap: WF 390.300, profil kanal 150.75.9.12,5; balok: B1 50×70 cm, B2 40×60 cm, B3 35×50 cm, BA1 25×50 cm, BA2 25×45 cm, BA3 20×40 cm, BA4 15×25 cm, BC1 30×40 cm; tebal pelat: P-1 120 mm, P-2 120 mm, P-3 120 mm, P-T 120 mm, P-B 120 mm, P-Atap 100 mm, P-Dasar 100 mm; tebal shearwall 350 mm; kolom: K1 70×70 cm, K2 60×60 cm; dan fondasi footplate 250×250×80 cm.

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Barban, Francesco, Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo, Emiliano Macaluso, Carlo Caltagirone, and Alberto Costa. "Functional Brain Activity within the Medial and Lateral Portion of BA10 during a Prospective Memory Task." Behavioural Neurology 26, no. 3 (2013): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/546823.

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In this study we tested the gateway hypothesis of Broadmann area 10 (BA10). With a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol we manipulated the saliency–stimulus-oriented (SO) attending– and the memory load – stimulus-independent (SI) attending–during a prospective memory (PM) task. We found a significant main effect of the SO manipulation within the medial BA10 and a significant interaction between SI attending and PM task within the left lateral BA10. Our results give experimental support to the gateway hypothesis.

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Zhang, Yao, Qingqi Deng, Jinhua Wang, Hua Wang, Qiufang Li, Binghua Zhu, Chai Ji, Xinfen Xu, and Linda Johnston. "The impact of breast milk feeding on early brain development in preterm infants in China: An observational study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): e0272125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272125.

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Background The prevailing consensus from large epidemiological studies is that breastfeeding is associated with improved IQ and cognitive functioning in later childhood and adolescence. Current research is exploring the association between breastfeeding and early brain development in preterm infants. Objective To explore the differences in brain gray matter between breastmilk-fed and formula-fed preterm infants using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods A convenience sample of breastmilk-fed preterm infants(n = 34) and formula-fed infants (n = 22) aged approximately 32 weeks. At near term-equivalent age, MR scanning was performed. Gray matter structural and functional differences between the two groups were assessed using MATLAB software for voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis. Results Maternal and neonatal demographic characteristics showed no significant difference between the two groups. Breastmilk-fed infants had greater regional gray matter volume on MRI than formula-fed infants in multiple brain regions, including the bilateral frontal lobe (BA11, BA46), right temporal lobe (BA37), and left caudate nucleus, at a statistical threshold of p<0.01 (AlphaSim corrected) with a cluster size of >40 voxels. Compared with formula-fed infants, breastmilk-fed infants showed increased brain activation on fMRI in the right superior temporal gyrus (BA41). Conclusion Breastmilk-fed infants had greater regional gray matter development and increased regional gray matter function compared with formula-fed infants at near term-equivalent age, suggesting breastmilk feeding in the early period after birth may have some degree of influence on early brain development in preterm infants.

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Chan, Chao Chin, Chean Cheng Su, Chien Chen Diao, and Cheng Fu Yang. "Low Temperature Sintering (Ba_1-xSr_x)TiO₃ Ceramics by Using CuO-TiO₂ Mixture as Sintering Aid." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.62.

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1wt% CuO-TiO2 (molar ratio, CuO/TiO2= 1) mixture is added as the liquid phase sintering aid to develop the sintering and dielectric characteristics of (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 (x=0, 0.1, and 0.2) ceramics. The crystal characteristics of calcined (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 powders and sintered (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 ceramics are developed by using X-ray diffraction method. The calcined (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 powders and 1050oC-sintered (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 ceramics reveal a tetragonal or pseudo-cubic structure and the 1150oC-sintered(Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 ceramics reveal a tetragonal structure. Sintered at 1100oC, the (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 ceramics present a porous structure; Sintered at 1150oC, the (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 ceramics present a uniform growth. The grain size decreases with the increase of SrO content. In this study, the dielectric characteristics of CuO-TiO2 mixture-fluxed (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 ceramics are also developed.

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Gallardo, Guillermo, Cornelius Eichner, Chet C. Sherwood, William D. Hopkins, Alfred Anwander, and Angela D. Friederici. "Morphological evolution of language-relevant brain areas." PLOS Biology 21, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): e3002266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002266.

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Human language is supported by a cortical network involving Broca’s area, which comprises Brodmann Areas 44 and 45 (BA44 and BA45). While cytoarchitectonic homolog areas have been identified in nonhuman primates, it remains unknown how these regions evolved to support human language. Here, we use histological data and advanced cortical registration methods to precisely compare the morphology of BA44 and BA45 in humans and chimpanzees. We found a general expansion of Broca’s areas in humans, with the left BA44 enlarging the most, growing anteriorly into a region known to process syntax. Together with recent functional and receptorarchitectural studies, our findings support the conclusion that BA44 evolved from an action-related region to a bipartite system, with a posterior portion supporting action and an anterior portion supporting syntactic processes. Our findings add novel insights to the longstanding debate on the relationship between language and action, and the evolution of Broca’s area.

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34

Hadžibajramović, Emina, Wilmar Schaufeli, and Hans De Witte. "The ultra-short version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT4)–development, validation, and measurement invariance across countries, age and gender." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 23, 2024): e0297843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297843.

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Given that burnout is a major problem in many societies and that employers are legally obliged to act in preventing job stress, there is a need of validated and reliable short self-report instruments. The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) is developed to measure burnout as a syndrome with four core components (exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive and emotional impairment). So far, the BAT was tested in over 40 studies with encouraging results. Although a short, 12-item version of the BAT exists, there is need for an ultra-short version with even less items. The overall aim is to develop an ultra-short 4-item version of the BAT (BAT4) and to evaluate its construct validity using Rasch analysis in samples from various countries along with its measurement invariance regarding country, age and gender. The BAT4 was developed using mixed methods, i.e. combining the results from a Rasch analysis, a subject matter analysis and expert judgements. Construct validity was tested on data from national representative samples from eight countries (the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Ireland, and Japan) and in a pooled sample combing the data from all eight countries. Differential item functioning regarding age, gender and country was investigated. The BAT4 fulfilled all the criteria required by the Rasch measurement model to constitute a valid measure in the pooled and country specific samples, except Austria and Japan. In the pooled sample, measurement invariance between the eight countries as well as between gender and age was found. Analyses within different countries showed occasional gender and age DIF for some items. The results were promising regarding BAT4’s construct validity and measurement invariance. Although the BAT4 includes only four items, its content coverage is acceptable. The BAT4 can be used as a short screening instrument for burnout complaints at the group or organisational level.

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35

Bartek, J., E. M. Durban, R. C. Hallowes, and J. Taylor-Papadimitriou. "A subclass of luminal epithelial cells in the human mammary gland, defined by antibodies to cytokeratins." Journal of Cell Science 75, no. 1 (April 1, 1985): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.75.1.17.

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Two monoclonal antibodies, BA16 and BA17, have been developed using a detergent-insoluble extract of human mammary epithelial organoids as immunogen. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of cultured cells showed that the component reacting with the antibodies was filamentous and the intensity of staining was stronger in mitotic cells. Immunoblotting of cell extracts showed that both antibodies react with only one band of 40 X 10(3) molecular weight, which was present in keratin-enriched extracts of cells or organoids. Furthermore, the tissue distribution of the component reacting with the antibodies was that predicted for human keratin 19. The antibodies showed differences in the intensity of staining of cells or tissue sections fixed and prepared in different ways indicating that they reacted with different epitopes. The pattern of expression of the 40 X 10(3) Mr keratin by normal mammary epithelial cells was investigated by immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections, cultured milk cells, and organoids of different sizes cultured in collagen gels. It was found that basal or myoepithelial cells did not express this keratin. Some heterogeneity of expression of this component was seen in luminal epithelial cells, found almost exclusively in the smaller structures. These cells did, however, express other keratins characteristic of luminal cells. The distribution in the mammary tree of the luminal cells that did not express the 40 X 10(3) Mr keratin appears to be similar to that expected for cells with the proliferative potential to produce new terminal ductal lobular units or an increase in branching of existing terminal ductal lobular units. It is shown that these cells have considerable proliferative potential by the fact that they form large colonies in milk cell cultures.

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36

Isnaeni, Siti Juli, and Rachmi Masnilah. "Identifikasi penyebab penyakit busuk bulir bakteri pada tanaman padi (Oryza sativa) dan pengendaliannya menggunakan isolat Bacillus spp. secara in vitro." Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman Tropis 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jptt.v1i1.15584.

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Bacterial grain rot disease in rice plant is a new disease in Indonesia. The disease can reduce rice production up to 40% in severe disease attack. Morphological and physiological identification of these pathogens can be useful as a strategy of disease control. Control of this disease using Agent Biological Control is a right step and eco-friendly. The research was conducted in July until November 2018 at Plant Quarantine Laboratory of Agricultural Quarantine Center Surabaya. Design of experiment used on pathogenic identification is descriptively and analytically while in strategy of diseases control used are Randomized Complete Design method of single factor as many as 5 treatment of Bacillus spp. such as; Ba1: Bacillus spp. isolate 1, Ba2: Bacillus spp. isolate 2, Ba3: Bacillus spp. isolate 3, Ba4: Bacillus spp. isolate 4, and Ba5: Bacillus isolate spp. 5. Research result showed that the pathogen causing bacterial grain rot in Rice is Burkholderia glumae with bacterial characteristic are Gram negative, aerobic, not fluorescent on Kings B medium, mesophyll, isotonic, can hydrolysis arginine and can produce enzyme of gelatinase and (2) Bacillus spp. Isolate which consistent to inhibiting B. glumae in vitro is Ba-1 with a mean inhibition of 17.88 mm and a variety of resistance mechanisms, namely bacteriostatic and bactericidal Isolate of Bacillus spp Keywords: Bacterial grain rot rice; Bacillus spp; Burkholderia glumae

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37

Greenlee, M. W., A. T. Smith, K. D. Singh, F. M. Kraemer, and J. Hennig. "Higher-Order Motion Perception in Human Visual Cortex: Evidence from fMRI." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970027.

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fMRI was used to investigate human visual cortex responses to higher-order motion stimuli. Acquisition was on a Siemens 1.5 T scanner (T2*, gradient-recalled EPI, TR 3000 ms, TE 84 ms, flip angle 90°, 2 mm × 2 mm voxels, 256 mm FOV, 10 4-mm slices, 54 acquisitions per run). The measured volume included occipital and posterior parietal cortex. T1 scouts and, in some subjects, high resolution T1 volume images were also acquired. Visual stimuli were gamma-corrected movies (480 × 480 pixels), presented by a PowerMac via an LCD projector, shown through the rear of the scanner onto an adjustable mirror fixed above the subject's eyes. Three types of stimuli were used: (1) first-order motion, (2) second-order motion (both radial sine waves on random-dot backgrounds), (3) structure-from-motion consisting of two rotating circular patches (5 deg diameter) within which dots moved in a constant (centripetal) direction, superimposed on randomly moving dots. Three interleaved comparisons were made: stimulus vs blank, first-order vs second-order, and random motion vs structure-from-motion (27 s each phase, 3 repeats). Analysis was based on a correlation coefficient method, after head-motion correction. Initial correlation was with the stimulus profile vector, then with an average BOLD response vector. Voxels with a correlation >0.5 (p<0.0003) were accepted as significant. In all subjects (seven- teen normals), all stimuli evoked bilateral activity in V1/V2 (BA17/18), and in extrastriate area V5/MT (BA37/19). Bilateral activation was also found in areas V3/V3a (BA19) and BA7. A more pronounced activation of area MST/V5a (BA37/39) was found in response to the structure-from-motion stimulus, compared with random motion.[Supported by: Wellcome Trust, Schilling Foundation.]

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38

Fearnhead, Paul, and Benjamin M. Taylor. "An Adaptive Sequential Monte Carlo Sampler." Bayesian Analysis 8, no. 2 (June 2013): 411–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-ba814.

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39

Holmes, Chris C., François Caron, Jim E. Griffin, and David A. Stephens. "Two-sample Bayesian Nonparametric Hypothesis Testing." Bayesian Analysis 10, no. 2 (June 2015): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-ba914.

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40

Blei, David M., and Michael I. Jordan. "Variational inference for Dirichlet process mixtures." Bayesian Analysis 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/06-ba104.

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41

Paciorek, Christopher J. "Misinformation in the conjugate prior for the linear model with implications for free-knot spline modelling." Bayesian Analysis 1, no. 2 (June 2006): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/06-ba114.

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42

Rigat, Fabio, Mathisca de Gunst, and Jaap van Pelt. "Bayesian modelling and analysis of spatio-temporal neuronal networks." Bayesian Analysis 1, no. 4 (December 2006): 733–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/06-ba124.

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43

Cowell, R. G., S. L. Lauritzen, and J. Mortera. "A gamma model for {DNA} mixture analyses." Bayesian Analysis 2, no. 2 (June 2007): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-ba214.

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44

Tressou, Jessica. "Bayesian nonparametrics for heavy tailed distribution. Application to food risk assessment." Bayesian Analysis 3, no. 2 (June 2008): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-ba314.

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45

Fritsch, Arno, and Katja Ickstadt. "Improved criteria for clustering based on the posterior similarity matrix." Bayesian Analysis 4, no. 2 (June 2009): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-ba414.

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46

Wade, Sara, Silvia Mongelluzzo, and Sonia Petrone. "An enriched conjugate prior for Bayesian nonparametric inference." Bayesian Analysis 6, no. 3 (September 2011): 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-ba614.

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47

Rufo, M. J., J. Martín, and C. J. Pérez. "Log-Linear Pool to Combine Prior Distributions: A Suggestion for a Calibration-Based Approach." Bayesian Analysis 7, no. 2 (June 2012): 411–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-ba714.

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48

Shelton, Celia B., David R. Crosslin, Jennifer L. Casey, S. Ng, Louise M. Temple, and Paul E. Orndorff. "Discovery, Purification, and Characterization of a Temperate Transducing Bacteriophage for Bordetella avium." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 21 (November 1, 2000): 6130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.21.6130-6136.2000.

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ABSTRACT We discovered and characterized a temperate transducing bacteriophage (Ba1) for the avian respiratory pathogen Bordetella avium. Ba1 was initially identified along with one other phage (Ba2) following screening of four strains of B. avium for lysogeny. Of the two phage, only Ba1 showed the ability to transduce via an allelic replacement mechanism and was studied further. With regard to host range, Ba1 grew on six of nine clinical isolates ofB. avium but failed to grow on any tested strains ofBordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella hinzii,Bordetella pertussis, or Bordetella parapertussis. Ba1 was purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation and was found to have an icosahedral head that contained a linear genome of approximately 46.5 kb (contour length) of double-stranded DNA and a contractile, sheathed tail. Ba1 readily lysogenized our laboratory B. avium strain (197N), and the prophage state was stable for at least 25 generations in the absence of external infection. DNA hybridization studies indicated the prophage was integrated at a preferred site on both the host and phage replicons. Ba1 transduced five distinctly different insertion mutations, suggesting that transduction was generalized. Transduction frequencies ranged from approximately 2 × 10−7 to 1 × 10−8 transductants/PFU depending upon the marker being transduced. UV irradiation of transducing lysates markedly improved transduction frequency and reduced the number of transductants that were lysogenized during the transduction process. Ba1 may prove to be a useful genetic tool for studying B. avium virulence factors.

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49

Reay, Barry. "Wiltshire Dissenters' Meeting House Certificates and Registrations 1689–1832. Edited by J. H. Chandler. (Publications of the Wiltshire Record Soceity, xl.) Pp. xxxvii + 226. Devizes: Wiltshire Record Soceity, 1985. (Available from M. J. Lansdown, 53 Clarendon Road, Trowbridge, Wiltshire BA14 7BS, £15 to non-members excl. postage). 0 901333 17 4." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 40, no. 1 (January 1989): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204690003579x.

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50

Тітов, Ю. О., М. С. Слободяник, В. В. Чумак та Н. Ю. Струтинська. "Формування двошарових індатів Ba1–хSrxNd2In2O7 термообробкою спільно закристалізованих нітратів". Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, № 2 (3 травня 2023): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2023.02.076.

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Методами рентгенівської порошкової дифракції досліджено послідовність фазових перетворень під час синтезу індатів Ba1–хSrxNd2In2O7 (х = 0 та 0,2) із двовимірною двошаровою перовськітоподібною структурою із шихти спільно закристалізованих нітратів. Встановлено, що формування шаруватої структури Ba1–хSrxNd2In2O7 включає стадію утворення проміжного тривимірного дефектного перовськіту загального складу (NdkВаpSrm)InO3–δ із статистичним розподілом атомів Ba, Sr, Nd та оксигенових вакансій. Термообробка термічно нестабільного дефектного перовськіту (NdkВаpSrm)InO3–δ призводить до утворення за температури понад 1570 К двошарових Ba1–хSrxNd2In2O7 шляхом впорядкування положень атомів Ba, Sr, Nd і O з роз’єднанням структури дефектного перовськіту на розділені шарами NdO9 двовимірні двошарові перовськітоподібні блоки. Визначено умови одержання однофазних Ba1–хSrxNd2In2O7 з ШПС. Встановлені структурно хімічні відмінності механізму формування шаруватої перовськітоподібної структури Ba1–хSrxNd2In2O7 від механізмів більшості решти двошарових сполук типу AII Ln2B2III O3n+1, які зумовлені граничним положенням BaNd2In2O7 у ряду двошарових індатів BaNd2In2O7.

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