Дисертації: "Ba14"

1

Haynes, Richard. "The safety, tolerability and biochemical efficacy of extended release niacin and laropiprant in a major randomised clinical trial." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:01ba360a-fe6a-4a1a-ba14-48a2dcc3e0dd.

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Niacin has been in clinical use for over 50 years and was the first drug shown in a randomized trial to improve outcomes after MI, but substantial uncertainty remains about its efficacy and safety in the context of current standard medical therapy. This thesis explores the biochemical efficacy, tolerability and safety of extended release (ER) niacin/laropiprant in the large, randomized HPS2-THRIVE trial. Laropiprant is a prostaglandin D₂ receptor (DP1) antagonist which reduces the main adverse effect of niacin, namely “flushing” (an unpleasant cutaneous vasodilation) that makes a large trial of niacin practicable. ER niacin/laropiprant increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1, and reduces low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B, triglycerides and lipoprotein (a), consistent with previous studies of ER niacin. The reasons for stopping ER niacin/laropiprant reflected the known adverse effect profile of ER niacin, although unlike previous trials flushing was not the most frequent reason for stopping. Skin (pruritus and rash), gastrointestinal (nausea, pain and diarrhoea) and diabetes-related (hyperglycaemia) adverse events were the most common reasons for stopping ER niacin/laropiprant during 3.9 years’ follow-up. The analyses presented here identified three major previously unknown hazards of ER niacin. ER niacin/laropiprant increased the risk of statin-related myopathy almost five-fold, and this effect was greater among participants in China than Europe. ER niacin/laropiprant also increased the risk of bleeding (intracranial, gastrointestinal and other sites) and infection. Compared to placebo there was an absolute excess of 3.1% of serious adverse events (excluding cancer and major vascular events [MVEs]) among participants assigned ER niacin/laropiprant. ER niacin/laropiprant did not significantly reduce MVEs. These findings suggest that the use of niacin to reduce vascular risk should now be reconsidered.

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2

Lemoine, Marie-Pierre. "Coopération hommes-machines dans les procédés complexes : Modèles techniques et cognitifs pour le contrôle de trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0821b192-7376-49d6-ba14-abc99ab0917a.

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La coopération est un point de rencontre de nombreuses disciplines. L'automatique décrit la coopération homme-machine au travers des outils d'assistance qu'elle est capable de développer. Les sciences humaines l'étudient au travers du comportement en milieu collectif. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans ce courant pluridisciplinaire et propose des critères et des moyens pour concevoir des systèmes d'aide qui répondent aux exigences tant humaines qu'industrielles. La répartition dynamique de taches entre un opérateur humain et un système d'aide, est une forme de coopération qui permet de couvrir une vaste plage de l'activité de supervision et de contrôle de procédés complexes. Ce mémoire en donne un exemple puisque la recherche s'applique au contrôle de trafic aérien. Compte tenu du foisonnement de définitions de la coopération, notre recherche tente de recentrer les points de vue éparses et propose une synthèse en fonction des notions de savoir-faire et de savoir-coopérer. La description des agents coopératifs en fonction de ces notions facilite la recherche des lacunes dans l'organisation des agents, ainsi que dans les tâches qui leur sont affectées. Une méthodologie d'évaluation est notamment présentée. Elle s'appuie sur un modèle cognitif de l'opérateur humain, et des critères de performance pondérés par des critères sur la qualité de la coopération. L'une des solutions proposées a l'issue des expérimentations est la conception d'un espace de travail commun. En plus d'une interface homme-machine, il est muni de modules intelligents qui facilitent ou automatisent l'identification des plans des agents coopératifs. Le système d'aide dispose alors de données précises et objectives pour piloter le répartiteur et l'allocateur de tâches. Un exemple d'espace de travail commun est présenté, il répond a l'augmentation du trafic aérien en apportant un soutien actif à la coopération entre les contrôleurs aériens, les pilotes, et les systèmes d'aide.

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3

Casellas-Français, Magali. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un procédé discontinu séquentiel (SBR) : application au traitement du carbone, de l'azote, du phosphore et des matières en suspension d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Limoges, 2002. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c7b8b1be-7f59-4700-ba14-86cff384c513/blobholder:0/2002LIMO0035.pdf.

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L’optimisation du traitement des eaux urbaines nécessite la mise en place de procédés fiables et un contrôle rigoureux du fonctionnement. Dans ce cadre, le procédé discontinu séquentiel SBR (sequencing Batch reactor) consistant en la succession de phases de réaction, de décantation et de purge au cours du temps est étudié. A cette fin, une méthodologie de développement fondée sur l’exploitation de résultats de simulations mathématiques, d’expérimentations en laboratoire, d’extrapolation à pleine échelle, et de protocoles de contrôle simples mais robustes est présentée. Le simulateur de procédé de traitement de l’eau ( « Benchmark ») associe un modèle de traitement des eaux (ASM n°1 de HENZE et coll. , 1986) et un modèle de décantation (TACKACS et coll. , 1991). L’association de ces deux modèles permet de simuler le fonctionnement d’un système d’épuration à boues activées. Une étude bibliographique exhaustive a permis de dégager des scénarios de fonctionnement d’un SBR susceptibles d’aboutir au traitement du carbone, de l’azote, du phosphore et des MES contenus dans une eau usée urbaine. Les différents cycles sont testés afin de dégager deux procédures : un cycles long et un cycle court. L’utilisation du Benchmark, suite à une mise en place critique de procédures d’identification des variables d’entrée des modèles, est étendue à l’élaboration de différentes stratégies d’amélioration de l’élimination de l’azote. Cette étude, couplée à une étude expérimentale de la déphosphatation, a abouti à la définition d’un cycle de 24 heures, améliorant les cinétiques de dénitrification et mettant en exergue les problèmes liés à la variation temporelle de la charge d’entrée. Afin d’y remédier, une méthode de contrôle et de fiabilisation du fonctionnement, fondée sur l’utilisation conjointe de trois capteurs : pH, potentiel rédox, oxygène dissous, est présentée et mise en oeuvre à l’échelle semi-industrielle
Wastewater treatment optimization requires the installation of reliable processes and a control of operating conditions. In this context, discontinuous processes like SBR, working on the principle of alternating reaction, settling and purge phases is investigated. A development process methodology based on the use of mathematical simulations, lab scale experiments, full scale extrapolation and simple but robust control strategies is reported. The Benchmark of wastewater treatment associates a wastewater treatment model (ASM n°1 ofHENZE et al. , 1986) and a settling conditions model (TACKACS et al. , 1991). Combining both models allows for the simulation of an activated sludge process operation. An exhaustive bibliographic study could highlight different scenarios of SBR operations able to achieve carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total suspended solids removal. Different time delays were investigated in order to identify two particular operating conditions : short cycles and long cycles. The use of the Benchmark associated with a critical identification of incoming variables of the model, was extended to the development of strategies for nitrogen removal improvement. This study, combined with an experimental study of phosphorus removal allowed to define a 24 hours cycle, improving denitrification rates but also highlighting problems related to temporal variations of incoming load. In order to solve this problem, a special procedure , based on the use of three sensors : pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, was investigated and full scale commissioned, in order to control with accuracy operating conditions

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4

Santelli, Claudio. "Accelerating multi-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of blood flow and turbulence in the cardiovascular system." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/accelerating-multidimensional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-of-blood-flow-and-turbulence-in-the-cardiovascular-system(8a415f79-2e07-48fd-ba14-13eab607da22).html.

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Disturbed hemodynamic conditions are often related to pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Phase‐contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a non‐invasive technique for the assessment of time‐resolved blood velocity vector fields within arbitrary imaging volumes. Besides velocity vector field information, parameters related to turbulence can be calculated with advanced multi‐point velocity encoding schemes. However, long scan times are currently the main barrier for the acceptance of the method in a clinical setting. The following work presents data‐driven MRI reconstruction algorithms for undersampled measurements with the focus on accurate flow quantification and visualization. An extension of an auto‐calibrated parallel imaging reconstruction framework for arbitrary kspace trajectories is proposed. The exploitation of temporal correlations as present in timeresolved data demonstrates further advances of scan time reduction when assessing mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. While most prior knowledge imposed in advanced MR image reconstruction is designed to work on magnitude images or assumes smooth background phase behavior, dedicated provisions are required for image reconstruction of phase‐contrast MRI data. To this end, it is proposed to incorporate the divergence‐free condition of blood flow into a separate magnitude and phase reconstruction framework for improving the accuracy of image reconstruction of blood velocity vector fields. To address respiratory motion artifacts, retrospective non‐rigid respiratory motion correction incorporated into an iterative parallel imaging reconstruction algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, optimized k‐t sampling patterns are derived for combined parallel imaging‐ and compressed sensing‐based scan acceleration. Finally, the dynamic parallel imaging technique is applied to study blood flow and turbulence patterns in a relevant patient population with congenital heart disease.

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5

Rodrigues, João Elias Figueiredo Soares. "Ordenamento e propriedades dielétricas em microondas dos sistemas (Ba1-xSrx)3CaNb2O9 e (Ba1-yLay)3Ca1+yNb2-yO9." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-15092017-081825/.

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Materiais dielétricos para operação em microondas constituem um ponto importante para usos em sistemas de comunicação móvel/via satélite, incluindo sistemas de monitoramento terrestres, internet/telefonia para celulares, internet das coisas, além do interesse militar para elaboração de radares. Avanços importantes nesse setor tecnológico só foram outorgados, graças ao emprego ostensivo de ressoadores dielétricos (RDs). Esses dispositivos constituem cerâmicas óxidas com baixa perda dielétrica em microondas, com demanda para sua miniaturização. O sistema deverá possuir alta constante dielétrica nesse intervalo e o dispositivo deve ser termicamente estável, ou seja, suas propriedades dielétricas não se alterarão com a temperatura. A busca por materiais de alto desempenho resultou na descoberta das perovskitas ordenadas 1:1 e 1:2, com estequiometria A2BBO6 e A3BB2O9, respectivamente. Tais sistemas ordenam o sítio B, da perovskita ABO3, gerando o empilhamento dos planos cristalinos com B e B, intercalados e na direção [1 1 1]c. Os resultados da literatura mostram que o ordenamento possui papel fundamental na obtenção de ressoadores de baixa perda dielétrica. Ademais, poucos estudos reportam as propriedades dos sistemas contendo os cátions Ca e Nb, no sítio B. Portanto, essa tese dedicou-se à investigação das propriedades dielétricas do sistema Ba3CaNb2O9 e, posteriormente, a modificação desse com a substituição dos cátions Ba2+ por Sr2+ e La3+. As amostras foram preparadas pelo método de reação do estado sólido e, posteriormente, caracterizadas pela difração de raios X, espalhamento Raman, espectroscopia de impedância e desempenho em microondas, além de técnicas complementares como análise térmica, densidade por imersão e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados demonstraram a coexistência dos domínios 1:1 e 1:2 no sistema Ba3CaNb2O9, sendo possível manipulá-los mediante condições da sinterização. Microestruturalmente, esses domínios são regiões no cristalito com diferentes ordens catiônicas e, assim, com propriedades cristalográficas e vibracionais diferentes. Pela impedância, notou-se que o ressoador Ba3CaNb2O9 tende a conduzir mais quando possui uma tendência para o domínio 1:1. Tal resultado foi confirmado em microondas, onde a redução da perda dielétrica foi correlacionada à diminuição do domínio 1:1 na estrutura cristalina dos ressoadores. Na solução sólida com Sr2+, uma transição da fase trigonal D3d3 para monoclínica C2h3 foi detectada nos pós-calcinados, sendo oriunda das inclinações octaédricas do sistema de Glazer a0b-b-. As cerâmicas desse sistema foram sinterizadas a 1500 °C por 26 h, cujo resultado ilustrou uma tendência à ordem 1:1 para x ≥ 0,30. No sistema com La3+, observou-se, além da coexistência, os monodomínios 1:1 e 1:2. O sistema com monodomínios 1:1, BaLaCaNbO6 (y = 0,50), evidenciou uma distorção monoclínica intrínseca. Esta distorção foi associada às inclinações octaédricas do sistema de Glazer a0b-b-, reduzindo a simetria da fase cúbica Oh5 para monoclínica C2h3. Por fim, o desempenho como ressoador dielétrico dos sistemas BaLaCaNbO6 e Ba3CaNb2O9 foi avaliado. O primeiro sistema mostrou os seguintes valores: permissividade relativa εg ∼ 26, Qu × fR ∼ 10.506 GHz e coeficiente τf ∼ -55 ppm.K-1. O segundo sistema revelou os dados: permissividade εg ∼ 43, Qu × fR ∼ 15.752 GHz e o coeficiente τf ∼ 278 ppm.K-1.
Dielectric materials for microwave applications play an important role in mobile and satellite communication systems, including terrestrial monitoring, internet/mobile devices, internet of things, as well as the military uses as the radar developments. Advances in this technological field were only possible due to the ostensive use of dielectric resonators (DRs). These devices constitute oxide ceramics with a low dielectric loss in microwave frequency. The system must have high dielectric constant and such a device must be thermally stable. The search for highperformance materials granted the discovery of 1:1 and 1:2 ordered perovskites, with general formula A2BBO6 and A3BB2O9, respectively. These systems depict the B-site ordering of ABO3 perovskite, inducing the crystalline planes stacking in the [1 1 1]c direction. The literature results showed that the ordering plays an essential role in the low loss ceramics. Moreover, few studies reported the features of the systems containing the Ca and Nb cations at the B-site. Therefore, our work drives the dielectric properties of the Ba3CaNb2O9 system and, then, the modification induced by Ba2+ substitution by Sr2+ and La3+. The samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method and probed by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, impedance spectroscopy and microwave performance, as well as other techniques such as thermal analysis, density measurement, and electron microscopy. Our findings elucidated the coexistence of 1:1 and 1:2 domains in Ba3CaNb2O9 ceramics, being possible to manipulate them by sintering conditions. Such an ordered domain denotes regions in the crystallites with different cationic order and with different crystallographic and vibrational behavior. By the impedance spectroscopy, it was observed that Ba3CaNb2O9 ceramics tend to conduct more when they present a tendency towards the 1:1 domains. The earlier result was also confirmed in microwave frequency, in which the dielectric loss decreasing was correlated to the decrease of the 1:1 domain in the crystal structure. In the strontium solid solution, a transition from the D3d3 trigonal phase to the C2h3 monoclinic one was noted in powder samples, being derived from octahedral tilting (a0b-b- Glazer system). In the lanthanum system, besides the coexistence, the monodomains 1:1 and 1:2 were observed. Otherwise, the 1:1 monodomain system, BaLaCaNbO6 (y = 0.50), exhibited an intrinsic monoclinic distortion. This distortion was ascribed to the octahedral tilting (a0b-b- Glazer system), lowering the crystal symmetry from Oh5 cubic phase to the C2h3 monoclinic phase. The dielectric resonator performances of the BaLaCaNbO6 and Ba3CaNb2O9 systems were evaluated. The first system showed the following values: permittivity εg ∼ 26, Qu × fR ∼ 10.506 GHz and coefficient τf ∼ -55 ppm.K-1. The second system exhibited the data: permittivity εg ∼ 43, Qu × fR ∼ 15.752 GHz and coefficient τf ∼ 278 ppm.K-1.

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6

Nogueira, Içamira Costa. "Fotoluminescência dos compostos (Ba1-xSrx)MoO4 sintetizados com diferentes solventes." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/715.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:10:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5681.pdf: 28007078 bytes, checksum: df8980fedeed3307bcac84b27867350e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
The molybdates with scheelite-type tetragonal structure is a family of inorganic materials that has received considerable attention since the discovery of their luminescent properties, with emission in the visible spectral region. In this work, barium strontium molybdate crystals, (Ba1-xSrx)MoO4, with the compositions (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) were synthesized by co-precipitation method (drop by drop) in the presence of various solvents (water, 1,4-butanediol and diethylene glycol butyl ether) . The crystals obtained were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, M- Raman spectroscopy (M- Raman) and Fourier transform infrared (FT -IR) spectroscopy. The shape and size of the crystals were observed by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE -SEM). The optical properties were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV Vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The XRD patterns, M- Raman and FT- IR spectra showed that all crystals are monophasic with a scheelite-type tetragonal structure, belonging to the space group I41/a. The lattice parameters and atomic positions obtained by Rietveld refinement were employed to molding [BaO8], [SrO8] and [MoO4] clusters into the tetragonal lattice. The microscopy images showed that (Ba1-xSrx)MoO4 crystals with different concentrations (x) and synthesized with different solvents showed changes in size (micro and nanocrystals) and the shape (octahedron, flowers, balls and rods) crystals. Photoluminescent emission at room temperature in different regions of maximum intensity was assigned to different densities of intermediate electron levels (deep and shallow) located within the band gap as a consequence of the degree of order-disorder structural in the crystal lattice and defects on the surface of crystals. Finally, we discussed possible mechanisms to explain the behavior photoluminescent.
Os molibdatos com estrutura tetragonal tipo scheelita é uma família de materiais inorgânicos que tem recebido considerável atenção desde a descoberta de suas propriedades luminescentes, com emissões na região espectral do visível. Neste trabalho, cristais de molibdatos de bário e estrôncio, (Ba1-xSrx)MoO4, com as composições (x = 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1) foram sintetizados pelo método de co-precipitação (gota a gota) na presença de diversos solventes (água, 1,4-Butanodiol e dietilenoglicol butil éter). Os cristais obtidos foram estruturalmente caracterizados por difração de raios X (DRX), refinamento de Rietveld, espectroscopia M-Raman (M-Raman) e espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IV). A forma e tamanho dos cristais foram observados por intermédio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo (FE-SEM). As propriedades ópticas foram investigadas por espectroscopia de absorção no ultravioleta e visível (UV-Vis) e medidas de fotoluminescência (FL). Os padrões de DRX, os espectros de M-Raman e FT-IV mostraram que todos os cristais são monofásicos com estrutura tetragonal tipo scheelita, pertencentes ao grupo espacial I41/a. Os parâmetros de rede e posições atômicas obtidos pelo Refinamento de Rietveld foram empregados para modelar os clusters [BaO8], [SrO8] e [MoO4] dentro da rede cristalina tetragonal. As imagens de microscopia indicaram que os cristais de (Ba1-xSrx)MoO4 com diferentes concentrações (x) e sintetizados com diferentes solventes apresentou modificações no tamanho (micro e nanocristais) e na forma (octaedros, flores, bastões e esferas) dos cristais. As emissões fotoluminescentes a temperatura ambiente em diferentes regiões de intensidade máxima, foi atribuída a diferentes densidades de níveis eletrônicos intermediários (rasos e profundos) localizados dentro do band gap, como consequência do grau de ordem-desordem estrutural na rede cristalina e defeitos nas superfícies dos cristais. Finalmente, foram discutidos possíveis mecanismos para explicar o comportamento fotoluminescente.

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7

Carey, Joseph Vincent. "New bisphosphine ligands for asymmetric catalysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c1261e8d-baf4-476a-8954-f943588e1579.

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The success of homogeneous asymmetric catalysis has been attributed to the structure and stereochemistry of the coordinated ligand(s). The most effective ligands are C₂-symmetrical bisphosphines containing either a rigid chiral backbone linking two PPh₂ units or a bisphosphine, DIPAMP containing two chiral phosphine units linked by an achiral backbone. The synthesis of P-chiral ligands of this type has been severely hindered by the lack of a general synthetic route allowing the incorporation of phosphorus chirality without the need for separation of diastereomeric precursors or resolution of intermediate enantiomers. The objective of this work was to develop a general synthetic route to homochiral bulky arylphosphines with substantial flexibility in the groups at phosphorus and extend the approach to new P-chiral bisphosphines. In one approach, diastereomerically pure (2R, 4S, 5R)-2,5-diphenyl-3,4-dimethyl-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine was prepared directly from PhPCl₂ using l-ephedrine as a chiral auxiliary. Stereospecific oxidation using Bu^tOOH gave the corresponding P-oxide which was shown to have R-stereochemistry at phosphorus by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compound reacted regiospecifically with ortho-anisylmagnesium bromide to afford the product formed by P-O bond cleavage with >96% d.e. and with retention of configuration at phosphorus as demonstrated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The l-ephedrine residue was replaced by O-methyl under acid-catalysis with inversion of configuration and with >95% e.e., the reaction was monitored by ¹H n.m.r. spectroscopy which gave t_1/2 of ca. 30 min. Attempts to incorporate para-fluorophenol using similar conditions led to the isolation of the pyrophosphinate in low yield. The OMe residue in the methyl (ortho-anisyl)phenylphosphinate was readily displaced by aliphatic Grignard reagents giving the corresponding phosphine oxides with inversion of configuration and with >95% e.e. Displacement of methoxy using aryl magnesium bromides showed similar enantioselectivity but in lower chemical yield, however the corresponding arylmagnesium chlorides were more efficient. In a second approach, diastereomerically pure (2R, 4S, 5R)-2-chloro-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine was prepared from PCl₃ and l-ephedrine. The compound underwent diastereoselective P-C1 cleavage with aryl Grignard and aryllithium reagents with net retention of configuration at phosphorus and with 90% d.e. Oxidation of the ortho-anisyl derivative afforded (2R, 4S, 5R)-2-(ortho-anisyl)-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine-2-oxide which was subsequently reacted with a range of bulky aryl Grignard reagents to afford the corresponding biarylphosphinamides with retention of configuration at phosphorus. Subsequent acid-catalysed methanolysis and displacement of the methoxy residue with PhMgCl afforded a range of bulky arylphosphine oxides with defined configuration at phosphorus with >95% e.e. as determined by ¹H n.m.r. methods. (S)-ortho-anisyl (meta-anisyl)phenylphosphine oxide underwent regiospecific ortho-lithiation on the meta-anisyl ring which on quenching with D₂O afforded the corresponding 2-deuteride in 80% yield. The 2-iodo analogue was also prepared although in low chemical purity and is a key precursor to new axially dissymmetric bisphosphines containing chiral phosphorus centres. Other approaches to P-chiral ferrocenyl ligands and biaryl ligands are also described and modifications for further development are implicated. An X-ray crystallographic study of six aryl-oxazaphospholidines is also presented and demonstrates the influence of the substituents at phosphorus in determining the conformation of the 1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine ring. A comparison with solution ¹H n.m.r. data showed, in some cases, good correlation between the P-O-C-H dihedral angle and the corresponding solid state torsion angle.

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8

Tzeng, Shih-jung. "From Hōnto Jin to Bensheng Ren : the origin and development of Taiwanese national consciousness : based on the examination of two diaries (1920-1955)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d095ffe8-3cdc-44ad-ba15-6b31d16d7464.

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This thesis represents a new attempt to use numerous volumes of mostly unpublished diaries, viewed as private forms of ego documents, as the main source for examining identity-centered issues. Using the private diaries of two Taiwanese intellectuals, Chen Wangcheng and Wu Xinrong, I have examined how Taiwanese national consciousness emerged and was reconstructed under the Japanese and Chinese Nationalist rule between 1920 and 1955. The examined cases suggest that a sense of Taiwanese national consciousness was created in the 1920s via an empirical construction, on the one hand, through the working of the politico-social networks, and via an abstract construction through the spread of print-capitalism on the other. Nevertheless, between 1937 and 1945, this multi-dimensional Taiwanese national consciousness was primarily reconstructed by the war development and mobilization, which were also reinforced by war propaganda, such as the discourse of the (greater) East Asian new order, rather than by the Kōminka cultural and religious policies. In other words, the sense of cohesion between the Taiwanese and Japanese was intensified, mainly because they shared a common fate in the cumulative process of warfare. In general, the islanders maintained a double identity as 'Taiwanese/Japanese', with the former being visibly tilted towards the latter during the war. In the early postwar period, the reconstructed Taiwanese national consciousness underwent a further reconstruction caused by the regime change from Japan to China in 1945 and the 2.28 Incident in 1947. The Taiwanese experienced a new imagination of Chinese national consciousness during the regime change, which was later challenged by the misrule of the Nationalist Chinese government and led to the emergence of the bensheng ren (native Taiwanese) consciousness. In nature, the increasing ethnic confrontation between the bensheng ren and waisheng ren (mainlanders), which centered around the conception of 'modernity vs. nationality', mainly resulted from their opposing 'Japanese experiences' and finally led to the outbreak of the 2.28 Incident, which in reverse provided a political focus to materialize the bensheng ren (vs. waisheng ren) identity from outside. In addition, the emerging international Cold War environment enabled the creation of a de facto independent state based on Taiwan-size governance, which internationally had an evident impact on shaping and reshaping the bensheng ren identity.

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9

Humphreys, Adam Richard Copeland. "Kenneth Waltz and the limits of explanatory theory in international relations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d21f41ff-ba18-453f-ba70-ecb7bf8ec3db.

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Kenneth Waltz's seminal work Theory of international politics (1979) conceptualizes international relations as a complex system in which the structure of the system and the interacting units (sovereign states) that comprise it are mutually affecting. Nevertheless, Waltz seeks to develop a nomothetic theory in which the structure of the international political system is isolated as an independent variable, state behaviour being the dependent variable. Waltz's explanatory strategy is therefore characterized by a deep tension: he treats structure as an independent variable whilst also arguing that structure and units are mutually affecting. Consequently, his systemic theory only generates partial explanations: it indicates how structure affects behaviour, but not how structure interacts with other variables to produce specific behavioural outcomes. This thesis draws on Waltz's theoretical writings, on Waltz's applications of his theory to empirical subjects in international relations (superpower relations during the Cold War, Soviet socialization into international society, and NATO's role after the Cold War), and on a wide range of theoretical literature. It explores the implications of the tension in Waltz's approach for explanatory theory in International Relations. It shows that Waltz's theory cannot ground many of his substantive arguments, that realists who attempt to improve Waltz's theory misunderstand the problems Waltz encounters, and that constructivists are unable to offer causal generalizations about complex systems. It concludes that explanatory theory in International Relations is currently poorly equipped to address complex systems in which structure and units are mutually affecting.

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10

Ridlehoover, Nathan. "The Sermon's Prayer : an examination of the intended purpose of the Matthean model prayer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/76b3396f-6879-4c5d-ba54-c303e9bd2088.

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The Lord’s Prayer and Sermon on the Mount continue to be some of the most studied passages in the field of New Testament studies. Yet, the full import of these two passages has been missed, particularly as they are found together in Matthew’s Gospel. In Matthew’s Gospel, the Lord’s Prayer is in the centre of the Sermon on the Mount. The centrality of the Lord’s Prayer has been noted by commentators, but without clearly defining this centrality and without establishing the centrality’s intended purpose. In the following thesis, we set about the task of defining the Prayer’s centrality and showing how this centrality affects our reading of the Sermon on the Mount and subsequently, the Lord’s Prayer. To this end, we will argue that the Lord’s Prayer is structurally, lexically, and thematically central to the Sermon on the Mount and the means through which the disciple of Jesus is empowered to live out the kingdom righteousness defined by the Sermon on the Mount. In turn, the Sermon on the Mount clarifies what the answer to the petitions of the Lord’s Prayer might look like in the life of the disciple of Jesus.

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11

Dengate, Jacob. "Lighting the torch of liberty : the French Revolution and Chartist political culture, 1838-1852." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/eee3b4b8-ba1e-48bd-848e-26391b96af26.

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From 1838 until the end of the European Revolutions in 1852, the French Revolution provided Chartists with a repertoire of symbolism that Chartists would deploy in their activism, histories, and literature to foster a sense of collective consciousness, define a democratic world-view, and encourage internationalist sentiment. Challenging conservative notions of the revolution as a bloody and anarchic affair, Chartists constructed histories of 1789 that posed the era as a romantic struggle for freedom and nationhood analogous to their own, and one that was deeply entwined with British history and national identity. During the 1830s, Chartist opposition to the New Poor Law drew from the gothic repertoire of the Bastille to frame inequality in Britain. The workhouse 'bastile' was not viewed simply as an illegitimate imposition upon Britain, but came to symbolise the character of class rule. Meanwhile, Chartist newspapers also printed fictions based on the French Revolution, inserting Chartist concerns into the narratives, and their histories of 1789 stressed the similarity between France on the eve of revolution and Britain on the eve of the Charter. During the 1840s Chartist internationalism was contextualised by a framework of thinking about international politics constructed around the Revolutions of 1789 and 1830, while the convulsions of Continental Europe during 1848 were interpreted as both a confirmation of Chartist historical discourse and as the opening of a new era of international struggle. In the Democratic Review (1849-1850), the Red Republican (1850), and The Friend of the People (1850-1852), Chartists like George Julian Harney, Helen Macfarlane, William James Linton, and Gerald Massey, along with leading figures of the radical émigrés of 1848, characterised 'democracy' as a spirit of action and a system of belief. For them, the democratic heritage was populated by a diverse array of figures, including the Apostles of Jesus, Martin Luther, the romantic poets, and the Jacobins of 1793. The 'Red Republicanism' that flourished during 1848-1852 was sustained by the historical viewpoints arrived at during the Chartist period generally. Attempts to define a 'science' of socialism was as much about correcting the misadventures of past ages as it was a means to realise the promise announced by the 'Springtime of the Peoples'.

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12

Kumar, Chandra Bhushan. "Hydrological politics in megacity : rethinking water governance in Delhi." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/315aebfb-2b31-42cc-ba74-31e3787902cf.

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This thesis is about the juxtaposition of two dominant themes of today’s world – megaurbanization and water management. It sets out to investigate the contemporary water management conditions in a South megacity. In this investigation, the hydraulics serve two purposes: one, as a frame to apprehend various processes that created (and are creating) myriad relationships in this gigantic urban space; and two, as an object of inquiry reveals the genealogy of the ideas or institutions that has led to the spatiotemporal arrangements of the domestic water supply in the megacity. Drawing insights from various analytical perspectives including hydrosocial, urban political ecology, subaltern urbanism, governmentality, postcolonialism, and modernity, the thesis surveys the process of mega-urbanization that shaped the form and design of institutional frameworks, laden with singular and modernist vision of water, and holds this vision and its apparatus – state monopoly and segregation- as key producers of multi-layered and diverse risks in water management for the households, the megacity, and the region. Using results from extensive fieldwork in Delhi, the thesis proposes an alternative view to analyse the contemporary concerns and to suggest possible pathways in megacity water management. Rapid emergence of megacities in global South and related concerns of water supply in these places have been investigated, to a large extent, from binary perspectives of planned/slum; formal/informal; economic good/social good; and efficiency/equity. Taking Linton’s (2010) phrase ‘from waters to water’ as a starting point, the thesis travels back into history to witness the hesitant and incomplete transformation of ‘multiple waters’ into ‘singular and modernist water’ in the megacity. It helps first in dismantling the myth of binary understanding of the megacity; second, in unearthing the fundamental barriers embedded in the contemporary technoinstitutional regime of the megacity hydraulics; third, in reconstructing the cultural landscapes of water in the megacity, which are gradually marginalized and lost in the dominant discourse on demand and supply of water; and fourth, in indicating the presence of spatio-temporality of risks of different orders in the megacity. Next, using empirical results from more than five thousand households in 32 locations within Delhi, the thesis demonstrates the presence of first order risks concerning accessibility, adequacy, quality, affordability, acceptability, seasonal, and source depletion. The management of these risks and the methods of this management, the thesis argues, produce second order risks which are mostly invisible, distant in time and space, uncertain, and politically unattractive. Putting household in focus, the thesis follows a familiar trajectory of measurement of coping strategy; but then it indicates departure by making household as a crucible of ideology and risk management strategies in water management. This innovative approach helps in reconstructing the ideological premise and its workable instruments for the megacity water management, that are as diverse, flexible, dynamic, inclusive, and holistic as a megacity. From knowledge perspective, the thesis contributes the following: first, the binary understanding of a south megacity is a myth and needs to be dismantled as it promotes a singular and modernist vision of water ignoring the local geo-cultural conditions and practices; second, the contemporary megacity water management faces different orders of risks, and its focus on first order risks often remains (or choose to) ignorant of second order risks; third, the household is not only a place to assess the risks and to advance the arguments of willingness to pay, but it is also a significant functional institution to offer ideas and workable solutions, which are local, indigenous, just, and sustainable.

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13

MacKinnon, Robert James. "Affective geographies of models and modelling." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/3bddf5c3-52b9-428b-ba10-4b0384b4b6b2.

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With reference to three contexts of models and modelling practice (hydraulic models of environmental systems, model railways and miniature wargaming), this thesis asserts the importance of geography in understanding what models can be, what and how they can do, and how and why models may be made and engaged with. The thesis traces spatialities of models and modelling via conceptions of affect, emotion and feeling, alongside abstraction, the miniature and mimesis, in order to highlight how space is central to lived and embodied engagements with models and modelling. This thesis makes several contributions. Firstly, this thesis gives shape to five key interrelated ‘geographies of models and modelling’, these are; one: models and modelling can generate space-times, and in so doing, produce affective engagements with those space-times. Two: models, modelling and material and embodied affects can shape how spaces (including models) may be constituted, affected, encountered and engaged with. Three: practice can inform modelling as a representational practice and be important to models as representations. Four: modelling as a mimetic practice which, as well as model and modelling engagements, can involve embodied relations whether with places, landscapes, environments, events, people, materials, objects (including models), and temporalities of pasts, presents and futures. Finally, five: model and modelling engagements can be involved with the miniature and an ‘affirmative critique’ of abstraction. Through these geographies and the theoretical underpinnings of this thesis, the second core contribution: six broad lessons about models and modelling. These are; one: models and modelling and the absence and presence of possession. Two: modelling as a negotiated practice. Three: modelling as ‘drawing out elements of the world’. Four: models and modelling as connecting us with the world. Five: models and modelling and human and non-human relations. Finally, six: models and modelling and the more-than-representational.

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14

Woods, Bernadette. "An exploration of substitutes' experiences in football." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/3df9a184-4ff3-410c-ba1a-0b9188468136.

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The aims of this thesis were to investigate the substitute role in football and understand players' psychological responses to becoming a substitute player. This was achieved in three stages, firstly by completing a preliminary exploratory study uncovering experiences and emotions pertinent to substitute players and secondly by investigating factors from study 1 which appeared to be most important. Finally, a longitudinal intervention study was carried out to examine the effects of cognitive intervention strategies on negative emotional responses that were identified in studies 1 and 2. In study 1 semi-structured interviews were carried out with professional and semi-professional football players (17 males, 3 females) to develop a detailed understanding of the substitute experience and to establish if substitutes experienced elevated and debilitative competitive anxiety prior to performance. Results revealed that substitutes were exposed to various organisational stressors prior to performing (e.g., being inactive, experiencing a restricted warm up/physical preparation) and competitive stressors once substituted on to play (e.g., high paced game). Substitutes also reported experiencing negative mood, self-presentation concerns, reduced perceived control, elevated perceived threat, reduced coach communication and elevated competitive anxiety prior to competition. These results provided the basis for studies 2, 3 and 4. Study 2 investigated mood, self-presentation concerns and competitive state anxiety in substitute and starter players. Participants were 192 amateur and collegiate football players (34 males and 158 females) consisting of 96 starter and 96 substitute players. Participants completed questionnaires assessing mood (BRUMS: Terry Lane, Lane, & Keohane, 1999; 2003), self-presentation concerns (SPSQ: Wilson & Eklund, 1998) and competitive anxiety (Modified CSAI-2: Martens, Vealey & Burton, 1990a) 1 hour prior to competition. Results revealed that substitutes experienced significantly more anger, depression, concerns about physical appearance and interpreted self-confidence as being significantly more facilitative than starter players. Thus, indicating that substitute and starter players experience different mood state and self-confidence profiles but not self-presentation concerns or competitive anxiety before competition. Study 3 investigated the impact that playing status had on the coach-substitute relationship. Two coach-substitute dyads were investigated from a male semi-professional team (1 male coach, and 2 male substitute players), and two coach-substitute dyads were investigated from a female amateur team (1 female coach and 2 female substitute players). Results confirmed findings from study 1 that coaches and substitutes experienced reduced shared interaction and communication. In addition, coaches and substitute players shared thoughts and behaviours that characterise a negative coach-athlete relationship. Specifically there was evidence to support reduced closeness, reduced shared understanding, reduced commitment and negative behaviours between coaches and substitutes. Finally, study 4 consisted of a longitudinal design using time series analysis to examine the effects of three cognitive intervention strategies (goal setting, self-talk and pre-performance routines) on mood, self-presentation and competitive anxiety in substitute players. Participants were four female football players who completed the BRUMS, SPSQ and Modified CSAI-2 questionnaires each time they were a substitute player both before and after the intervention period. Results showed that substitutes experienced more positive thoughts and a general improving trend for anxiety (CSAI-2), mood (BRUMS) and self-presentation concerns (SPSQ) following the intervention period. In conclusion, results from this thesis indicate that becoming a substitute player can be stressful, resulting in negative thoughts, emotions, and behaviours as well as a debilitative coach-substitute relationship. However, more research is needed to explore this phenomenon further.

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15

Keogh, Mary. "Energy and regional power in advanced developing states : a Turkish case study." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/cbafba78-fa5c-4993-ba17-fa1f460dc276.

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The first decades of the 21st century have witnessed a proliferation of academic literature on the economically ascendant, internationally engaged states of the global South like the BRICS, Mexico, and Turkey. IR literature on energy has accounted for the rise of these states in terms of the recalibration of global hydrocarbon geopolitics, but is limited in considering the ways in which these advanced developing states use energy to obtain and maintain power. Other sub-schools of IR on middle, emerging, and rising powers pay more attention to how these states accrue and exercise power. One of these literatures - that on regional powers - provides the framework for this project. This thesis argues that IR does not pay sufficient regard to how energy (a key material resource) either contributes to regional power or shapes the agendas of advanced developing states that are also regional powers. This thesis consequently explores the nexus between energy and regional power for advanced developing states. Adopting a case-study approach, the thesis considers how energy and regional power were related for Turkey between 2002 and 2014 in the Caspian region. It argues that despite being disadvantaged by limited energy reserves in a region dominated by major energy states, the governing AKP party saw energy and regional status as intrinsically linked for Turkey. An examination of Ankara's relationships with Iran and Russia - two other advanced developing states enables a detailed analysis of the manifestation of the relationship between energy and regional power in the regional context for Turkey. Overall, the thesis contends that acknowledging the relationship between energy and regional power for advanced developing states facilitates understanding of power relations between states in the global South and provides insight into the ways in which those states effect and affect power in regional politics.

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16

Skandalis, Ioannis. "Balancing employer and employee iterests : legitimate expectations and proportionality under the Acquired Rights Directive." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a081fee6-ba74-42dc-a894-2e23a9e0a210.

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This thesis analyses the aims and objectives of the EU Acquired Rights Directive (ARD) in the context of the larger evolution of EU labour law itself. The thesis presents the overall goal of the ARD as that of striking an appropriate balance between the employer’s prerogative to transfer the business and the employee’s interest in not having the security of the job unduly threatened by such transfers. Given the current complexity and incoherence of the law regulating economic dismissals in the context of transfers, the central argument of the thesis is that there is a need for a clearer conceptual framework for defining and understanding the rights and obligations in the Acquired Rights Directive (ARD). It is suggested that the principles of legitimate expectations and proportionality are ideally adapted to play this role. In analyzing the teleology of the ARD based on these principles, this study not only assists in understanding and explaining the ARD itself, but also has wider implications for understanding the challenges facing European social policy in the field of employment protection. In its attempts to reconcile fundamental economic freedoms of employers on the one hand, and fundamental rights of employees on the other, the Court of Justice has frequently relied upon the proportionality principle to achieve a ‘fair balance’ between both parties. Following the interpretations of ‘proportionality’ in Viking and Laval, there is admittedly a fear that the proportionality balancing is likely to accord an almost absolute priority to the employers’ economic freedoms. The thesis is cognizant of this danger, and therefore advocates a ‘symmetrical’ approach to balancing. In this way the thesis offers some insight into the potential for the ARD to remain continuously effective in times of economic crisis. The study therefore finds reason to be optimistic about the prospects for the ARD and other standard-setting directives in the future of social Europe.

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17

Barkus, Christopher. "Studies of emotionality in genetic mouse models of altered glutamate or 5-HT function." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c144d0d0-ba1f-4127-b07a-372e6abf569b.

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18

Lakner, Christoph. "The determinants of incomes and inequality : evidence from poor and rich countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dbfaef0e-a195-46f3-ba12-db5d3a8bf035.

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This thesis consists of four separate chapters which address different aspects of inequality and income determination. The first three chapters are country-level studies which examine (1) how incomes are shaped by spatial price differences, (2) the factor income composition, and (3) enterprise size. The final chapter analyses how income inequality changed at the global level. The first chapter investigates the implications of regional price differences for earnings differentials and inequality in Germany. I combine a district-level price index with administrative earnings data from social security records. Prices have a strong equalising effect on district average wages in West Germany, but a weaker effect in East Germany and at the national level. The change in overall inequality as a result of regional price differences is small (although significant in many cases), because inequality is mostly explained by differences within rather than between districts. The second chapter is motivated by the rapid increase in top income shares in the United States since the 1980s. Using data derived from tax filings, I show that this pattern is very similar after controlling for changes in tax unit size. Over the same period as top income shares increased, the composition of these incomes changed dramatically, with the labour share rising. Using a non-parametric copula framework, I show that incomes from labour and capital have become more closely associated at the top. This association is asymmetric such that top wage earners are more likely to also receive high capital incomes, compared with top capital income recipients receiving high wages. In the third chapter, I investigate the positive cross-sectional relationship between enterprise size and earnings using panel data from Ghana. I find evidence for a significant firm size effect in matched firm-worker data and a labour force panel, even after controlling for individual fixed effects. The size effect in self-employment is stronger in the cross-section, but it is driven by individual time-invariant characteristics. The final chapter studies the global interpersonal income distribution using a newly constructed and improved database of national household surveys between 1988 and 2008. The chapter finds that the global Gini remains high and approximately unchanged at around 0.7. However, this hides a substantial change in the global distribution from a twin-peaked distribution in 1988 into a single-peaked one now. Furthermore, the regional composition of the global distribution changed, as China graduated from the bottom ranks. As a result of the growth in Asia, the poorest quantiles of the global distribution are now largely from Sub-Saharan Africa. By exploiting the panel dimension of the dataset, the analysis shows which decile-groups within countries have benefitted most over this 20-year period. In addition, the chapter presents a preliminary assessment of how estimates of global inequality are affected by the likely underreporting of top incomes in surveys.

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von, Billerbeck Sarah Birgitta Kanafani. "Whose peace? : local ownership and UN peacebuilding." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6c84aa3-5344-48d8-ba1a-2b01d1a75146.

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Recent years have seen an increasing emphasis on local ownership in UN peacebuilding. Advocates of local ownership assert that it boosts the legitimacy and sustainability of UN peacebuilding by helping to preserve the principles of self- determination and non-imposition of externally-conceived solutions onto post-conflict countries in an activity that can contravene them. However, while the UN perceives local ownership as enabling it to act in accordance with these principles, it also perceives local ownership to imperil the achievement of its operational goals, thus bringing its normative and operational objectives into conflict. This thesis evaluates the UN’s discourse, understandings, and operationalizations of local ownership in peacebuilding. Drawing on examples from the UN peace operation in DR Congo, it shows that despite the UN’s regular invocation of local ownership discourse, it operationalizes ownership in restrictive and selective ways that are intended to protect the achievement of operational goals but that consequently limit self-determination and increase external imposition on the host country. This gap between the rhetoric and reality of ownership suggests that the UN uses local ownership primarily as a discursive tool for legitimation, one intended to reconcile the organization’s normative and operational imperatives. However, because its actions do not match its rhetoric, the UN’s attempts to generate legitimacy through discourse appear to fall flat, particularly in the eyes of local actors. Moreover, because of contradictions in the ways that the UN operationalizes local ownership, it not only deepens the curtailment of self-determination and the degree of external imposition, it also undercuts its ability to realize the very operational goals it is trying to protect. Ultimately, because it is a contradictory and contested concept, local ownership fails to eliminate or ‘fix’ the trade-offs the UN faces in peacebuilding, suggesting that the UN must instead accept them and incorporate them into its goals and expectations.

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Hamilton, Alexander Graham. "The Arts & Crafts in church-building in Britain, 1884-1918." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e51d8f96-ba74-4655-b290-b95107f88770.

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Academic interest in Arts & Crafts architecture has tended - as did the architects themselves - to concentrate on houses. This thesis, for the first time, examines the Arts & Crafts in church architecture: there is no book on 'Arts & Crafts churches'. Monographs on Arts & Crafts architects include their church work, of course, but there has been little consideration of the form as a type, considering as a group churches by architects working in the Arts & Crafts milieu, and at the same time. The thesis starts by discussing the underlying problems - the lack of a clear definition of Arts & Crafts, and the questionable concept of Arts & Crafts architecture. It establishes definitions, sets out criteria for considering architects and their churches, and identifies a group of 35 'core churches' from which the majority of the evidence is drawn. The second chapter sets out the historical contexts - religious, architectural, and cultural - and how these contexts intertwine to foreground the personal and individualism in both spiritual and architectural expression. The central three chapters examine the interplay of client and architect: how the attitudes and beliefs of the former affected their relationship to their churches and architects; and how architects' ideas and interests were expressed in their methods, their buildings' construction and decoration. Chapter six explores the diffusion of Arts & Crafts in churches at the end of the period - the role of enthusiastic amateurs; churches as centres of craft education; manifestations of different, even attenuated forms of the ideas in later churches. After a concluding chapter which suggests that the uncategorisability of the churches - exemplified throughout the thesis - demonstrates the way in which belief moved from the cultural centre to the margins, a substantial Appendix sets out details of the core churches: dates, client, funding, architect, craftsmen, plan.

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21

Abraham, Adam. "Spurious Victorians : imitation and the nineteenth-century novel." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cbf24b85-cc63-42be-ba84-2f065942c4d8.

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In 'A Critique of Modern Textual Criticism', Jerome J. McGann writes, '[A]n author's work possesses autonomy only when it remains an unheard melody'. For the published and successful writer in the nineteenth century, such autonomy was often unattainable. Publications such as The Pickwick Papers inspired an array of opportunistic successors, including stage plays, unauthorized sequels, jest books, song books, and shilling and penny imitations. Despite the proliferation, this strain of writing is rarely studied. This thesis recovers ephemeral, scurrilous texts, often anonymous or pseudonymous, and reads them in the context of their canonical sources. Retrieving bibliographical environments, it demonstrates how plagiaristic, parodic, and willfully unoriginal works impacted on the careers of three novelists: Charles Dickens, Edward Bulwer Lytton, and George Eliot. The thesis argues that formal distinctions among modes of Victorian writing - criticism, parody, and plagiarism - often blur. Further, it argues that our understanding of a particular novelist's work must be broadened to include sequels, spinoffs, and imitations: to know a particular author means to know the spurious and oftentimes bad (morally or aesthetically) works that the author inspired. The Spurious Victorians of the title form something of countercanon to the 'major' writers of the period. Thomas Peckett Prest, Rosina Bulwer Lytton, and Joseph Liggins, among many others, informed and influenced the literary history that has in turn denied them admission. William Makepeace Thackeray wrote, 'If only men of genius were to write, Lord help us! how many books would there be?' Of course, Victorian print culture found room for the genius and the subgenius, Boz as well as Bos. 'Spurious Victorians' recovers works that have been lost from view in order to better understand the process by which an individual authorial voice emerged amid an echo chamber of competing, imitative voices.

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McCann, Benjamin Edward. "Set design, spatial configurations and the architectonics of 1930s French poetic realist cinema." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c99b13b0-9aca-425b-ba16-4ce97d9c643f.

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The aim of this study is to demonstrate that 1930s French poetic realist cinema is characterised by a highly readable set design. It is a decor imbued with meaning - not a silent shell, standing detached from the action but rather the amplifier of narrative concerns. The thesis develops the claim that the decor is freighted with a powerful dramaturgical and symbolic charge, whereby the figural dimensions of everyday decor fragments anthropomorphise into powerful signifying elements. Stylised studio-bound spatial configurations define the film's visual ambience, enhance its emotional dimensions and function as amplifier of the story. In order to identify the importance of decor as an interpretative matrix of poetic realism, I shall show how poetic realist decor is the confluence of orthodox architectural practice, personal temperament and an appeal to popular memory. By examining the design practices of individual set designers, the thesis will provide evidence for the capacity for architecture to act as resonator of mental impact. The study will show how the set designer emotionalises architecture, investing it with a strong spatial, visual and performative presence. Although other critical studies of poetic realism have recognised the distinctiveness of the set design, they have not fully examined the architectural specificity of the films. The thesis contends that the director-designer collaboration sought to distil a visual concept from the thematic and psychological concerns of the screenplay. This interface between story and style will be demonstrated by a move from the general to the specific, looking at depictions of the city, a rhythmic recurrence of decor fragments and the micro-dimensions of the object. Ultimately, the set design and architectonics of poetic realism are performative in the sense that they can represent a discourse of their own, producing an engaging dialogue with more traditional modes of film performance.

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Riby, Leigh Martin. "The effects of age, task complexity and task domain on dual task performance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/af3ecd46-ba64-48c3-a8f7-7fd30df39fad.

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24

Rees, Kathryn Tara. "Behavioural study of the deposition and removal of cross-linked PDMS droplets on macroscopic surfaces." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/16eac45f-bec4-46ec-ba1d-92c75443c028.

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25

Cottee, Matthew A. "Building the Drosophila centriole : a structural investigation of the centriolar Proteins SAS-6, SAS-4 and Ana2." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b43c6848-56bd-4806-ba34-ed2cde59b294.

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The centriole is a complex cylindrical assembly found in the cells of ciliated eukaryotes. It serves two important roles in the cell: templating the growth of cilia, and forming the basis of the centrosome, which is the major microtubule organising centre in the cell. Cilia and centrosomes are involved in many cellular processes, from signalling to cell division and differentiation. As such, defects in centriole assembly can have downstream consequences on these processes and are linked to a variety of human diseases including cancer and microcephaly. The complex superstructure of the centriole has fascinated biologists for decades. It comprises a nine-fold, radially symmetric array of microtubule triplet blades attached to a central cartwheel structure. During the last two decades, proteomic analyses have identified many proteins that are associated with the centriole. However, genetic studies have shown that only a surprisingly small number of these proteins are essential for the biogenesis of the centriole. In Drosophila melanogaster, three such essential proteins, SAS-6, Ana2 and SAS-4 are required in the early stages of centriole biogenesis. In this thesis I have investigated the assembly steps involving these key players from a structural perspective. I have identified and recombinantly expressed functional domains of these proteins in order to characterise them in vitro. Using X-ray crystallography and other biophysical techniques, I have been able to define mechanisms for several steps involved in the assembly of these proteins. In collaboration with colleagues in the laboratory I have been able to investigate the biological significance of these essential assembly steps in vivo. This information has provided novel insights into the molecular, and even atomic, detail of the initial steps of centriole assembly, including an explanation of a natural point mutation involved in human microcephaly.

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26

Sengupta, Arghya. "Independence and accountability of the Indian higher judiciary." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d16c344d-ba44-454f-9606-456b8524071e.

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There is currently no satisfactory account of how judges of the Supreme Court of India and High Courts in the states are appointed, transferred, impeached or employed postretirement. For a higher judiciary commanding immense public attention, enjoying wide constitutional powers of judicial review, this is a conspicuous gulf in academic literature. This thesis intends to bridge this gulf by providing such an account. Part I extracts the Constituent Assembly Debates pertaining to these four facets of judicial functioning, describes key developments over time and analyses the extant processes in operation today. On this basis it makes three arguments: first, appointments to the higher judiciary and transfer of judges between High Courts follow processes that are indefensible as a matter of constitutional law; second, impeachment operates in an excessively slow and inefficacious manner; third, the pervasiveness of post-retirement employment of judges in government-appointed positions demonstrates inadequate attention to institutional design. Most crucially, each of these four aspects gives rise to significant concerns pertaining to judicial independence, accountability or both. This is not a peculiarly Indian problem— in several countries, the values of judicial independence and accountability have been deemed to be in tension, often irreconcilably. Part II tackles this widely articulated tension by providing a conceptual framework to understand these concepts. Its main argument is that both judicial independence and accountability are necessary for 'an effective judiciary'. Whether indeed the processes governing the four selected facets of judicial functioning in India lead to an effective judiciary is assessed in Part III. Where they are found lacking, appropriate reform is suggested. Such reform is intended to ensure that the selected processes operate in a manner that is justifiable in terms of judicial independence and accountability in principle and is efficacious in practice.

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27

Xu, Yiming. "Angle-resolved Photoemission Studies on Hole Doped Iron Pnictides Ba1-xKxFe2As2." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1417.

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Thesis advisor: Hong Ding
Thesis advisor: Ziqiang Wang
The discovery of the high-T_c superconductivity in iron-arsenic materials in 2008 immediately became one of the hottest topics in the condensed matter physics. This dissertation presents a systematic study on the pairing symmetry and electronic structure on the hole doped materials of BaFe₂As₂ (so called “122”-system), by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). In the early ARPES studies on “122”-pnictides, we observed two hole-like Fermi surfaces (FSs) centered at the Brillouin zone (BZ) center, (Γ), and two electron-like FSs centered at the zone corner (M), which is (π, π) in the BZ or (π, 0) in the unfolded BZ. The size of these FS sheets can be changed by carrier doping, which causes change of the chemical potential. In the superconducting state, temperature (T) and momentum (k) dependence of ARPES measurements reveals the Fermi-surface-dependent nodeless superconducting gaps in this system and shows that an s-wave symmetry is the most natural interpretation for our findings in terms of the pairing order parameter. The ratio 2Δ/k_BT_c switches from weak to strong coupling on different FS sheets. Large superconducting gaps are observed with a strong coupling coefficient (2Δ/k_BT_c) on the near-nested FSs connected by the antiferromagnetic (AF) wave vector ((π, π) in the BZ or (π, 0) in the unfolded BZ). When T_c is suppressed in the heavily overdoped materials, the near-nesting condition vanishes, or more precisely, the (π, π) inter-FS scattering disappears due to the absence of either the hole-like or the electron-like FS at the Fermi energy (E_F). We have also performed ARPES measurements on k_z-dependence of the superconducting gap and band structure of the optimally hole doped sample Ba_0.6K_0.4Fe₂As₂. By varying the photon energy, we can tune k_z continuously. While significant k_z dispersion of the superconducting gaps is observed on the hole-like bands, much weaker k_z dispersion of the superconducting gaps is observed on the electron-like bands. Remarkably, we find that a 3D gap function based on short-range pairing can fit the superconducting gaps on all the FS sheets. Moreover, an additional hole-like FS (referred as the α‘ FS) predicted by local density approximation (LDA) calculations is observed around the Z point. The disappearance of intensity of the α‘ band near E_F at k_z = π/2 suggests that the α‘ band could either sink below E_F or be degenerate with the inner hole (α) band. The studies on the α‘ band in the superconducting state reveal a nearly isotropic superconducting gap on this FS sheet. Underdoped samples Ba_0.75K_0.25Fe₂As₂ are used to study how the AF fluctuations and superconductivity interplay in the underdoped regime that is closer to the AF phase. we observe that the superconducting gap of the underdoped pnictides scales linearly with T_c. A distinct pseudogap develops upon underdoping and coexists with the superconducting gap. Remarkably, this pseudogap occurs mainly on the FS sheets that are connected by the AF wave vector, where the superconducting pairing is stronger as well. This suggests that both the pseudogap and the superconducting gap are driven by the AF fluctuations, and the long-range AF ordering competes with the superconductivity. The observed dichotomic behaviour of the pseudogap and the SC gap on different FS sheets in the underdoped pnictides shares similarities with those observed in the underdoped copper oxide superconductors, providing a possible unifying picture for both families of high-temperature superconductors
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics

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28

Du, Chao-Hung. "X-ray scattering studies of CDW modulated structures in Ba1-xKxBiO3." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13726.

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The correlation between charge-density waves (CDWs) and superconductivity has been a subject of extensive study for a long time. This thesis describes a series of x-ray scattering experiments designed to study CDWs in perovskite superconductors. A review of the properties of CDW materials and the relationship between CDWs and superconductivity is given. Using x-ray scattering techniques the modulated structures caused by the formation of a CDW state have been clarified in a variety of single crystals of Ba_1-xK_xBiO₃. In low resolution measurements, the CDW satellites produce a superstructure doubling the unit cell existing in the range from the semiconducting state (00.37), even in the low temperature superconducting state. Additional peaks with G₂ = 0.33a* were observed, which are only present in semiconducting samples. An attempt to determine the size of the modulated structure was undertaken using higher resolution x-ray scattering in the superconductor Ba_0.6K_0.4BiO₃. In this study, the modulated structure was identified to be incommensurate with the host lattice with G₁=0.494a* ± 0.11b* and a rather short correlation length of 150Å limited by the CDW domain size. An unusual decrease in the intensities of the CDW superlattice reflections was also observed as the temperature was lowered. Evidence to support to the attribution of these satellites to a CDW distortion was obtained from measurements conducted under applied magnetic fields. Increased splitting of the CDW satellites was observed under a magnetic field of 0.8 T with an extremely long relaxation time when the field was removed. Such a long relaxation time is a characteristic of CDWs associated with metastable states.

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29

Willis, Roxana. "Justice for the poor or poorer justice? : an investigation of the 'dangers of community' in restorative justice through a class-focused lens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:75d6355f-8c65-4f7a-ba1c-ca713dea5662.

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This study investigates unaddressed claims about the apparent dangers of community participation in restorative justice. I begin by reviewing the restorative justice literature, and examining how community has been understood by restorative justice scholars: one view emphasises the relational community of care, another view emphasises the geographical community of place, and a third view expresses caution about community due to its alleged dangers. I suggest that the purported dangers of community are rooted in differential power relations and exclusion. In order to assess these claims, I develop a conceptual framework based on the scholarship of Pierre Bourdieu. Instead of determining class only by employment status, Bourdieu demonstrates that who one knows (social capital), and what knowledge and skills one has learnt (cultural capital) have important bearings on advantage. The empirical arm of my project examines the 'dangers of community' via a unique, two-part ethnography of restorative justice in my hometown, Corby, England. This ethnography begins by providing a class analysis of life and conflict on my estate, incorporating 'offline' observations and a dataset of 4,411 social media exchanges. The second part of the ethnography builds on data collected through year-long participation in two restorative justice initiatives in the town, including observations of 13 restorative justice conferences, 35 youth offender panels, and 77 interviews. Thus, the first part of the ethnography contextualises the second, giving nuance and depth to my account. By this combination of approaches, I explore how restorative justice initiatives play out within a working-class community, and both when and why the dangers of community appear to surface. To conclude, I argue that while restorative justice has great potential, in its current state - without adequate legal safeguards - it offers an inadequate form of justice to disadvantaged members of society.

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30

Weichbrodt, Conrad. "Elektrophysiologische Charakterisierung des mitochondrialen Porins VDAC1 und des antimikrobiellen Peptids Dermcidin in lösungsmittelfreien Modellmembranen." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0001-BAA4-C.

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31

Bailey, Nigel J. "ANSA bridged metallocene chemistry of niobium." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9bd76a85-ba44-42d8-affe-317bc98be368.

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This thesis is concerned with the synthesis and characterisation of new ansa bridged bis-η-cyclopentadienyl derivatives of niobium. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the area of early transition metal bent metallocene derivatives and charts the development of ansa bridged metallocenes. Chapter 2 presents the synthesis and characterisation of some new ansa niobocene derivatives prepared from niobium(IV) chloride. The compounds [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂- η-C₅H₄)(η²-BH₄)],* [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η-C₅H₄)(PMe3)H],* [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η- C₅H₄)(PPh₃)H], [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η-C₅H₄)(SPh)₂] and [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η- C₅H₄)(CH2Ph)2]* are described. An asterisk indicates that the X-ray crystal structure was determined. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterisation of some ansa niobocene derivatives containing ancillary imido ligands. The compounds [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η- C₅H₄)(NSiMe₃)Cl],* [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η-C₅H₄)(NBu')X] (X = Cl,* Br,* I,* Me), [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η-C₅H₄)(NHBu')Cl][BF₄)]and[Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η-C₅H₄)(O)Cl]* are described. An asterisk indicates that the X-ray crystal structure was determined. Photoelectron spectra were recorded for [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η-C₅H₄)(NBu')X] (X = Cl, Me) and compared to a geometry optimisation calculation obtained using density functional theory. In these formally twenty electron compounds the HOMO has negligible metal contribution and the eighteen electron rule is not violated. Chapter 4 describes the results of a preliminary investigation into ansa niobium(III) bis-η-cyclopentadienyl derivatives containing phosphorus donor ligands. The compound [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η-C₅H₄)(PMe₃)Cl] is characterised spectroscopically. The synthesis and full characterisation details of the compound [Nb(η-C₅H₄-CMe₂-η- C₅H₄){P(OMe)₃}Cl] are given, including the X-ray crystal structure. Chapter 5 provides the experimental details for the preceding Chapters and Chapter 6 contains the characterising data for the new compounds described in this thesis. Full details of the X-ray crystallographic structure determinations are given in Appendices A -1.

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32

Baboulene, David. "Knowledge gaps in popular Hollywood cinema storytelling : the role of information disparity in film narrative." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2017. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e701604b-ba17-411d-b356-aebcd45f97b8.

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This research proposes an approach to understanding the systems and modes of story that sets knowledge gaps as a common denominator. It uses a constructivist approach and content analysis to capture a comprehensive range of knowledge gap data from different genres and eras of popular Hollywood film stories. The data is used to demonstrate the significance of knowledge gaps in a narration and to establish a taxonomy. The research thereby reveals both the operation of knowledge gaps in a story and the operation of story through knowledge gaps. The study categorises knowledge gaps firstly by those which privilege the audience and those which withhold knowledge from the audience. It further classifies them according to whether they are simple, compound or complex in their makeup and situates them in the audience context: gaps are either paratextual, diegetic, mimetic or delivered through specified forms of narrated signification. The analysis also defines and identifies knowledge gaps by type, such as gaps through the star or character image, marketing material and foreshadowing media; lights, music and mise-en-scène; ellipsis gaps; questions, subterfuge and plans; action and dialogue, promise, subplot, suggestion, misdirection, suspense and comedy; character growth, vicarious learning, metaphor and allegory, recognition and allusion. The study concludes that information disparity is a fundamental substance of all stories. Knowledge gaps provide a singular foundation that can be used to codify a comprehensive narratology, uniting the story, the writer, the narration, the hermeneutic process and the reception of a story. The thesis demonstrates how this unity of definition can integrate applications of the term ‘narrative’ by other disciplines, including cognitive psychology, education, narrative and identity, and narration in, for example, political, religious, medical or legal discourse. The thesis formalises knowledge gaps not only as a component of narratology, but also as a material, measurable component of all stories, which can be developed as a tool of story analysis and the story development process for the commercial benefit of industries which must invest in stories, such as film production companies and publishers.

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33

Simaitis, Aistis. "Automatic verification of competitive stochastic systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68b5e2d8-ba04-419f-8926-4cd542121e2d.

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In this thesis we present a framework for automatic formal analysis of competitive stochastic systems, such as sensor networks, decentralised resource management schemes or distributed user-centric environments. We model such systems as stochastic multi-player games, which are turn-based models where an action in each state is chosen by one of the players or according to a probability distribution. The specifications, such as “sensors 1 and 2 can collaborate to detect the target with probability 1, no matter what other sensors in the network do” or “the controller can ensure that the energy used is less than 75 mJ, and the algorithm terminates with probability at least 0.5'', are provided as temporal logic formulae. We introduce a branching-time temporal logic rPATL and its multi-objective extension to specify such probabilistic and reward-based properties of stochastic multi-player games. We also provide algorithms for these logics that can either verify such properties against the model, providing a yes/no answer, or perform strategy synthesis by constructing the strategy for the players that satisfies the specification. We conduct a detailed complexity analysis of the model checking problem for rPATL and its multi-objective extension and provide efficient algorithms for verification and strategy synthesis. We also implement the proposed techniques in the PRISM-games tool and apply them to the analysis of several case studies of competitive stochastic systems.

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34

Cox, Peter John. "The effects of a novel substrate on exercise energetics in elite athletes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7aa52ece-42e1-4ebc-ba1c-727ba1f95cb8.

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The physiological ketosis of starvation makes sound evolutionary sense, as ketone bodies have several thermodynamic advantages over other nutritional substrates, in addition to their actions to conserve protein and glucose stores. Utilising the body’s metabolic responses to ketosis by delivering a novel nutritional source of ketone bodies, the work in this thesis explored the metabolic effects of ketosis on physical performance in humans. First, the pharmacokinetics and dosing requirements for ketone containing drink preparations were characterised in a population of athletes and healthy controls (n = 45). Using endurance exercise as a model of physiologic stress, the functional impact of ketosis during sustained high intensity effort was investigated in high performance athletes (n = 22). It was shown that nutritional ketosis improved performance in 18/22 athletes, who set 14 new best performances during 30 min of rowing. Furthermore, when ketones and glucose were delivered together, cycling performance was improved by 2% (n = 8) following 1.5 hours of fatiguing effort, compared with optimal carbohydrate intake. Blood D-β-hydroxybutyrate reached 3-5 mM following ketone drinks, equivalent to several days of total fasting, but rapidly decreased during exercise. It was found that higher physical workloads correlated with larger decreases in plasma ketone concentration (n = 8), consistent with their oxidation as respiratory fuels. Nutritional ketosis significantly altered fuel metabolism during exercise in elite athletes (n = 10), decreasing peripheral lipolysis, skeletal muscle glycolytic intermediates, blood lactate, and branched chain amino acid release. In conclusion this work suggests a new hierarchy of substrate preference during physical stress, whereby mimicking the physiology of starvation, the energetic consequences of oxidising ketones may significantly enhance athletic performance. The extrapolation of these findings may have therapeutic implications for patient populations where energetic demands are high, and deleterious switches in substrate selection occur.

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35

Lloyd, Robin Jonathan. "Fabrication, testing and modelling of palladium membranes for fuel cell applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8732ee9a-baf4-40b4-8c42-52b5eab7b944.

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Increasing carbon emissions and insecurities in oil supply have led to heightened interest in hydrogen powered fuel cells. Preferably, the cell runs on hydrogen gas, though due to the sensitivity of the catalytic components in the fuel cell to carbon monoxide, the hydrogen must be extremely pure (typically <50 ppm CO). Due to a lack of hydrogen infrastructure, it is envisaged that a medium term solution will be the reforming of more conventional fuels such as gasoline. The gas mixture produced however, contains impurities such as CO, CO₂ and CH₄. Purification may be achieved using palladium membranes, which allow selective permeation of hydrogen. This thesis describes the research carried out in conjunction with Johnson Matthey on thin (typically 7.5 μm) palladium/silver alloy membranes supported on both ceramic and stainless steel porous tubular substrates. Extensive experimental flow testing has been performed to assess the effect of temperature, feed composition, including wet feeds, and membrane thickness on the hydrogen purification properties. An existing Fortran based model was validated and revised to accurately account for the effects of operating conditions such as temperature and carbon monoxide concentration. This work provided excellent correlation between experimental and simulated results. The validated and improved model was incorporated in the design of a hydrogen refuelling station in Aspen Plus and the palladium membrane requirements assessed to supply 650 fuel cell vehicles per day. The system incorporated a steam reformer, membrane clean-up module, water trap and high pressure compressor for hydrogen storage at 1000 bara. Operating conditions such as system pressure, fuel feed and steam to carbon ratio were investigated and adjusted to optimise the overall system efficiency. An efficiency of 52% was achieved with a steam to carbon ratio of SCR = 2.5. A membrane requirement of 6000 standard tubes was found to provide a 90% hydrogen recovery efficiency.

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36

Moss, Jennifer. "Identification and characterisation of homologous recombination genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3f2f12d1-64b9-496a-ba1e-5c464e89c7b7.

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DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly genotoxic lesions, which can promote chromosomal rearrangements and tumorigenesis through oncogene activation or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at tumour suppressor loci. To identify new genes involved in DSB repair and genome stability, an S. pombe deletion library was screened for mutants which exhibited sensitivity to the DNA damaging agents bleomycin and/or MMS. 192 mutants were isolated which exhibited increased sensitivity to one or both of these agents. These mutants were further analysed in a sectoring assay and mutants sought which exhibited elevated levels of break-induced loss and rearrangement of a non-essential minichromosome. Using this approach 57 genes were identified, including all known homologous recombination (HR) and DNA damage checkpoint genes present in the library. Further, quantitative analysis of DSB repair indicated that 25 of these genes functioned to promote efficient HR repair, thus representing a comprehensive HR gene set in fission yeast. Included in this gene set are 10 genes not previously implicated in HR repair; nse5⁺, nse6⁺, ddb1⁺, cdt2⁺, alm1⁺, snz1⁺, kin1⁺, pal1⁺, SPAC31G5.18c⁺ and SPCC613.03⁺. Detailed characterisation of ddb1Δ and cdt2Δ established a role for the Ddb1-Cul4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase complex in HR. The findings presented here support a model in which break-induced Rad3 and Ddb1-Cul4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase-dependent Spd1 degradation promotes ribonucleotide reductase activation and nucleotide biosynthesis, which is required for post-synaptic ssDNA gap filling during HR repair. Lastly, the role of HR genes in suppressing chromosome loss and rearrangements was examined. A striking inverse correlation between levels of gene conversion and levels of both chromosome loss and LOH was observed across the HR gene deletion set. These findings support a common and likely evolutionarily conserved role for HR genes in suppressing both chromosome loss and break-induced chromosomal rearrangements resulting from extensive end processing associated with failed HR repair.

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37

McCulloch, Trish. "Criminal justice sanctions and services : exploring potential." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/408a1804-4476-4fc0-ba19-9c05b44551fe.

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This thesis presents a body of work for the award of the Professional Doctorate in Social Work. Presented as three discrete but connecting projects, it is united by a broad interest in criminal justice sanctions and services and by a particular interest in the progression of participatory, person-centred and progressive approaches within that space. Project one consists of a recognised prior learning claim for 50% of the award and draws on four peer-refereed published papers. The first three papers contribute to developing criminological and professional debate on ‘what works?’ in supporting desistance from crime. The final paper locates recent justice ‘developments’ within Bauman’s analysis of consumerism and related debates about the commodification of public services. Project two reports on a funded study that set out to evaluate the impact of a staff training programme on the practice of community service supervision within a Scottish local authority. The commission and focus of this project reflects sustained attention to questions of what works in reducing re-offending and supporting desistance within community sanctions, and the reconsideration of these questions in spaces traditionally constructed in punitive rather than rehabilitative terms. The findings suggest that community service can provide people who offend with important opportunities for progression, desistance and change and that staff training has an important contribution to make to the progression of these outcomes. However, the findings also indicate that staff training is one of many important variables in this complex and multi-dimensional endeavour. Connecting with the above themes, the final and most substantial project presented explores the place and potential of those sentenced within criminal justice sanctions and services. Specifically, it explores the potential of co-production within this complex, contested and constrained space. As will be demonstrated, this is an important and topical area of inquiry, as are the methods used to progress it. The conclusion of this project is that co-production matters in justice. The detail and implications of this conclusion for justice policy, practice and research are discussed and explored.

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38

Rigby, Alexandra. "Magnetic effects in astrophysically relevant laboratory plasmas." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:77d2ca16-6aaf-4051-ba41-85cada136f1b.

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Astrophysics typically uses observation, theory and simulation to further the understanding of the cosmos. By using high power lasers, scaled astrophysical events can be created in the laboratory. This thesis describes laboratory results based on two different astrophysical phenomena, particle acceleration and the turbulent dynamo mechanism, both of which are governed by magnetic fields. Particle acceleration is commonly seen at astrophysical shocks. The exact mechanism of this acceleration, especially for electrons, remains unclear. One possible method of electron acceleration is through lower hybrid turbulence, a phenomena observed at the interaction between the Solar wind and a comet. The results from a laboratory experiment demonstrate the observation of electron acceleration via lower hybrid waves. Lower hybrid waves require an external magnetic field to generate the necessary electron accelerating instability. Magnetic fields themselves are ubiquitous throughout the universe. Having generated seed fields through, for example an astrophysical shock, these magnetic fields can be ampliflied through the turbulent dynamo mechanism. To generate the dynamo mechanism within the laboratory, two plasma jets are collided. A new Faraday rotation diagnostic, for magnetic field measurements, was added to the suite of diagnostics characterizing the turbulent plasma. The setup, calibration and analysis for the Faraday rotation diagnostic is new to the OMEGA laser facility and dynamo experiment. The results from this new Faraday rotation diagnostic and Thomson scattering diagnostic allow the plasma parameters and evolution of the jets to be fully characterized. Finally, the thesis is concluded by drawing these results together.

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39

Whitcombe, Michael James. "Red-sensitive imaging systems for holography." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/93c5198a-27d2-4c1d-ba1b-744bdc04fac0/1/.

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The primary objective of the work described in this thesis was to devise a red-sensitive photoresist imaging process for use in the replication of diffraction optics. In the introduction the chemistry of conventional photopolymer systems and photoresists used for holographic recording and the fabrication of diffraction gratings and diffracting optical elements is reviewed. The limitations of commercially available photoresist systems, particularly for applications requiring the use of red light are discussed. A polymer system has been investigated which could be imaged by photochemically generated free radicals, followed by a simple aqueous development procedure as required by the original specification. The polymer chosen for study was a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. This was derivatized using methacryloyl chloride or methacrylic anhydride in order to introduce cross-linkable units to the polymer backbone. Polymers have been characterized by a number of techniques and the effect of varying composition on aqueous base solubility has been thoroughly studied. Various methods of derivatization have been employed. The ease of imaging has been found to be very sensitive to both the composition of the polymer and the extent of functionalization. High quality images have been obtained from this polymer using an organic solvent developer. Imaging experiments have been carried out on thin films of the photopolymer coated on glass using phenylazotriphenylmethane (PATM) as photoinitiator. Good images of 100 lines permillimetre (1 mm^-1) have been recorded by contact printing. Interferometry has been used to demonstrate that interference patterns having 600 and 1200 1 mm^-1 can be recorded using this polymer with PATM as initiator, exposed to an argon ion laser operating at 458nm. A number of two component photoredox initiator systems have been investigated, the light absorbing species of such systems being a dye such as methylene blue or certain cyanine dyes. The second component of these initiators may be an aryl sulphinate salt, a 1,3-diketone or some alkyl sulphides. The red light-initiated phatopolymerization of acrylamide has been demonstrated using some of these initiators and a low resolution photopolymer image has been recorded using Azure A and perinaphth-1,3-indandione as the photoinitiator system. This polymer can, in principle, produce images over a wide range of wavelengths depending on the nature of the initiator used.

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40

Coomber, Neil. "The performative construction of identity in the Shang and Zhou dynasties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:574e9a33-55d8-4d30-ba34-feae0ef9cdf2.

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Анотація:

Judith Butler’s theory of performativity can be productively used to analyse how identity at burial would have been created, sustained and rendered coherent through extended periods of time. Moreover, Heideggerean phenomenology offers us insights into the mechanism underlying the process of performing an identity. Using mortuary data from Shang and Zhou burials, I offer (a) an analysis of how the identity of the deceased might have been (re)constructed and (re)produced through structured burial deposits as well as (b) a Heideggerean account of the heritage inherent in the sets of bronze objects interred in graves. These sets of bronze objects would have been used in a performance within the mortuary sphere as part of an elaborate but recognisable process of producing an identity for a tomb occupant. Furthermore, a gendered identity would have also been reified and materialised through burial assemblages. These post-processual analyses might be taken as examples that can be generalised to a method for further investigating other identities, and the processes underlying their production and reproduction, that Chinese archaeologists theorising burials and identity may use to advance the field.

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41

Neil, Howard. "'It's easier if we stop them moving' : a critical analysis of anti-child trafficking discourse, policy and practice : the case of southern Benin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:11094e72-496e-4b99-ba15-6b19e6efc490.

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Анотація:

This thesis offers a critical assessment of anti- child trafficking discourse, policy and practice, using a case study of the situation in Southern Benin. It seeks to achieve two main goals. First, to transcend the reductiveness of the dominant paradigm around child trafficking, including dominant representations of it and prevailing policy approaches to dealing with it. Second, to complicate the simplistic nature of much of the academic literature that explains the existence and persistence of this dominant paradigm. Based on 14 months of multi-sited fieldwork, the thesis demonstrates, first, that the institutional narrative of ‘child trafficking’ misrepresents what would be better understood as adolescent labour migration in Benin, and second, that mainstream policy approaches to tackling this fail to account for the sociocultural or political-economic conditions that underpin it. The thesis suggests that this can be interpreted as a result of the power of three framing orders of discourse – ‘Apollonian Childhood’, Neoliberalism and that of the Westphalian State – which structure both what ‘trafficking’ can mean and what can be done about it. The thesis suggests that the material and power structures of the anti-trafficking discourse- and policy-making field are such that, even where individuals within it reject both the dominant paradigm and its (and the field’s) framing orders of discourse, little space exists for them to construct meaningful alternatives. The result is a degree of formal and representational stability, hiding practical hybridity. The conclusion is offered that, while anti-trafficking discourse is presumed to be accurate and while antitrafficking policy is justified in terms of its contribution to ‘beneficiaries’, theprinciple achievement of both is the depoliticised reproduction of the institutions, orders of discourse and political-economic context within which they are constructed.

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42

Zimdars, Anna. "Challenges to meritocracy? : a study of the social mechanisms in student selection and attainment at the University of Oxford." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0e9cf555-a921-4134-baf4-ce7114795f36.

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43

Bish, Nigel B. "Dielectric condition monitoring using intelligent partial discharge analysis." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2003. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5dfeb20c-6066-41b8-ba10-59ae9a7877af.

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44

Wiesenmayer, Josef Erwin. "Interplay of superconductivity and magnetism in Ba1-xKxFe2As2 and its potential as wire material." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-185090.

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45

King, V. "I and we : towards an understanding of collaborative educational research contribution." Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/648213ba-696d-4231-ba12-d350e03ba9bb/1.

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Анотація:

The research outputs within this portfolio demonstrate sustained inquiry over seven years which has added progressively to the understanding of collaborative educational research contribution. This research developed out of my work with the iPED (inquiring pedagogies) research network which I co‐founded in 2005. The portfolio contextualizes and critiques four journal articles and two peer‐reviewed book chapters published between 2007 and 2012. Through these studies of educational research at Coventry University, I make a significant and original contribution to knowledge, firstly by synthesizing evidence of the facilitators, drivers and barriers to contribution within collaborative educational research; and secondly by offering three new models which help to make the contribution of collaborative educational research more transparent. The Influence Wheel provides a visualization of research contributions as an interactive image. The model can also reveal gaps in contribution, and can be adjusted to display the aspects of contribution of interest to an intended audience. Product‐Based Analysis provides a holistic view of the strategic drivers, goals and interim outcomes of research. This model can be used to analyze, develop, track or communicate a research strategy. Finally, the Enhanced Three‐Phase Model articulates the social and cultural transitions through which a collaborative educational research community may evolve. Used alongside an analysis framework I devised using themes from works of fiction, this model exposes the problems and opportunities a collaboration community may encounter. These three tools exemplify my creativity in devising new ways of visualizing information, an approach adapted from the field of management where graphics are commonly used to supplement text. Methodologically, all the portfolio outputs employ insider inquiry strategies which capture different perspectives on the research context. Conceptually, all the outputs offer social representations of collaborative educational research. These studies offer questions and interim findings which provide opportunities for future research.

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Aljasir, Shuaa Abdulrahman. "An investigation of Facebook usage by university students in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/088175cb-851b-4fc3-ba41-dd61591f04d9/1.

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Compared with face-to-face communication, Facebook use may provide opportunities for greater interaction in a relatively uncensored environment. This research aimed to critically investigate how Saudi university students are using these opportunities. It employs a theoretical framework drawn from uses and gratifications theory, social penetration theory, and social role theory. A mixed methods approach was used over three sequential phases. The research began with a quantitative questionnaire completed by 372 Saudi university students to investigate the gratifications they obtained from using Facebook and to identify a typology of Facebook users. This was followed by thematic and quantitative content analyses of profiles of a sub-sample of 50 students to explore the status updates they generated and the types of information they disclosed. To investigate in greater depth the themes that emerged from the previous phases, a final qualitative interview was conducted with 20 of the students. The results revealed that, Saudi students used Facebook as a virtual space within which they engaged in several activities. It allowed for cross-cultural and cross-gender communication. Facebook also enabled them to be citizen journalists, sharing, discussing, and analysing current affairs. They as well used Facebook to defend their religious beliefs and advocate Islamic values. Saudi university students showed that they are willing to jeopardise the privacy of their personal information to maximise the rewards they obtain from using Facebook as long as these rewards outweigh the expected costs from such disclosure. Despite belonging to a gender-segregated society, analysis of gender differences conducted across all three research phases revealed that the gap between genders in their Facebook usage is narrower than in offline settings.

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47

Leroy, Floriane. "Etude des propriétés électro-optiques des couches minces de Ba1-xSrxTiO3 pour la modulation optique." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749716.

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Le développement de nouveaux matériaux est essentiel dans la réalisation de capteurs de petites dimensions et pour les composants micro-nano-optoélectroniques. Les matériaux à base d'oxydes en sont de bons candidats. Ce travail de thèse a concerné la synthèse de matériaux ferroélectriques tels le BaTiO3 (BTO) et le Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST), associés à des électrodes inférieures et supérieures en oxyde d'indium-d'étain (ITO), tous déposés par pulvérisation cathodique RF (radio fréquence). Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la relation existante entre les propriétés optiques et électro-optiques de guide d'ondes et l'orientation cristalline, la couche d'interface ainsi que la nature du substrat. Après la caractérisation des propriétés structurales, nous avons évalué les propriétés optiques de ces matériaux par la technique du couplage par prisme pour une gamme de longueurs d'ondes de l'UV au proche IR. Les résultats ont montré un bon confinement de la lumière dans le film, avec des pertes planaires de propagation optique de l'ordre de 3 dB/cm aux longueurs d'onde télécoms, résultats à l'état de l'art pour ces matériaux.Cette méthode de couplage optique a permis de mettre en évidence les propriétés électro-optiques du BTO et du BST dans cette même gamme de longueurs d'onde et pour les deux polarisations optiques, à partir de la variation des spectres de réflectivité. Si le BTO a montré un coefficient r33 de 23 pm/V aux longueurs d'onde télécoms, nous avons mesuré autour de 19 pm/V pour le BST(70/30).

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Van, Bloemenstein Chantell Berenice. "Petrographic characterization of sandstones in borehole E-BA1, Block 9, Bredasdorp Basin, Off-Shore South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5957_1189147269.

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The reservoir quality (RQ) of well E-BA1 was characterized using thin sections and core samples in a petrographic study. Well E-BA1 is situated in the Bredasdorp Basin, which forms part of the Outeniqua Basin situated in the Southern Afircan offshore region. Rifting as a result of the break up of Gondwanaland formed the Outeniqua Basin. The Bredasorp Basin is characterized by half-graben structures comprised of Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous and Cenozoic rift to drift strata. The current research within the thesis has indicated that well E-BA1 is one of moderate to good quality having a gas-condensate component.

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49

Licheron, Marina. "(ba1-xkx)2(pb1-ybiy)o4 : une nouvelle famille d'oxydes supraconducteurs bi-dimensionnels sans ioin magnetique." Orléans, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ORLE2024.

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Dans le but de tester le role joue par les vibrations atomiques dans le mecanisme de la supraconductivite observee dans les oxydes a haute temperature critique, la demarche choisie est basee sur la recherche de nouveaux oxydes supraconducteurs sans ion magnetique. En ce sens, cette etude se demarque de l'ecole francaise qui exploite principalement l'eventualite d'une interaction magnetique. Le systeme ba-k-pb-bi-o constitue un modele simple permettant de faire le tri entre les principaux parametres (bi-dimensionnalite et substitution atomique) reconnus susceptibles de contribuer au phenomene. La decouverte de supraconductivite dans (ba1-xkx)2(pb1-ybiy)o4 a permis de conforter le role de la bi-dimensionnalite et de la concentration electronique. A taux de bismuth donne, la temperature critique des oxydes du type (ba1-xks)2(pb1-ybiy)o4 est double de celle des composes de structure perovskite malgre leur concentration electronique plus faible. On montre ainsi que l'effet jahn teller du cuivre n'est pas un ingredient essentiel a la supraconduction, meme s'il est reconnu comme favorable. Ces nouveaux oxydes supraconducteurs relativisent la portee de la plupart des theories actuellement proposees dans la litterature. Les resultats confortent un modele base sur une mediation des paires de cooper par les vibrations excessivement anharmoniques. Le systeme ba-k-pb-bi-o est actuellement le seul a presenter des compositions supraconductrices de structures bi-dimensionnelle et tri-dimensionnelle

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50

Helifa, Bachir. "Contribution à la simulation du CND par courants de Foucault en vue de la caractérisation des fissures débouchantes." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4d9f6caf-4c86-49ca-ba1b-9b4aeca65049.

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Ce travail de thèse relève du domaine du Contrôle Non destructif (CND) par courants de Foucault (CF) dans ses aspects expérimental et de modélisation. Il a pour but essentiel l’élaboration d’une stratégie d’évaluation et de mise au point d’outils logiciels et matériels permettant une meilleure analyse des signaux provenant d’un capteur à courants de Foucault en vue de la caractérisation des fissures débouchantes présentes dans des pièces "critiques" de matériaux conducteurs. Il s’inscrit dans le cadre général de la caractérisation des fissures par courants de Foucault. Dans ce contexte et afin de situer le travail dans un cadre plus général, on se place dans le cas où le matériau contenant la fissure peut présenter une conductivité électrique et (ou) une perméabilité magnétique non identifiée et un revêtement d’épaisseur inconnue. Des modèles directs en 2D et 3D éléments finis de la formulation magnétodynamique en potentiels vecteur magnétique et scalaire électrique déduite des équations de Maxwell sont développés pour la modélisation du système (matériau+fissure+bobine). Des algorithmes type simplex et réseau de neurones sont élaborés pour la résolution du problème inverse dans le but d’obtenir une caractérisation complète de la fissure débouchante. Nous validons les modèles développés (direct et inverse) par confrontation à des données obtenues à partir d’une compagne d’expériences réalisées au laboratoire, en utilisant des bobines connues et des pièces étalons comportant des fissures bien identifiées, ce qui permet la détermination de la morphologie de la fissure débouchante : position, forme, dimensions. Finalement et sur la base des approches développées, nous établissons une stratégie de contrôle en vue de la caractérisation complète des fissures débouchantes
The work of the present thesis falls within the field of Non Destructive Testing (NDT) by eddy current (EC) in its experimental and modeling aspects. Its main purpose is the development of an evaluation strategy and the elaboration of software and hardware tools for better analysis of signals from an eddy current sensor for the characterization of surface cracks in "critical" parts of conducting materials. It fits into the general framework for the characterization of cracks by eddy currents. In this context and in order to place the work in a more general framework, we consider cracks containing material that unidentified electrical conductivity and (or) magnetic permeability with an unknown coating thickness. Direct models in 2D and 3D finite element magnetodynamic formulation using magnetic vector and electric scalar potentials deduced from Maxwell equations are developed for modeling the system (material + crack + coil). Simplex and neural networks algorithms are developed for solving the inverse problem in order to obtain a complete characterization of the surface crack. We validate the developed models (direct and reverse) by comparing data obtained from a set of laboratory experiments, using known coils and standard parts with clearly identified cracks, which allows the determination of the morphology of the surface crack : position, shape and dimensions. Finally, and based on the developed approaches, we establish a control strategy for a complete characterization of surface cracks

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