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Статті в журналах з теми "Azuki bean"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 жовтня 2024

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1

Xu, H. X., T. Jing, N. Tomooka, A. Kaga, T. Isemura, and D. A. Vaughan. "Genetic diversity of the azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) gene pool as assessed by SSR markers." Genome 51, no. 9 (September 2008): 728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g08-058.

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Анотація:

To facilitate the wider use of genetic resources including newly collected cultivated and wild azuki bean germplasm, the genetic diversity of the azuki bean complex, based on 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, was evaluated and a core collection was developed using 616 accessions originating from 8 Asian countries. Wild germplasm from Japan was highly diverse and represented much of the allelic variation found in cultivated germplasm. The SSR results together with recent archaeobotanical evidence support the view that Japan is one center of domestication of azuki bean, at least for the northeast Asian azuki bean. Cultivated azuki beans from China, Korea, and Japan were the most diverse and were genetically distinct from each other, suggesting a long and relatively isolated history of cultivation in each country. Cultivated azuki beans from eastern Nepal and Bhutan were similar to each other and quite distinct from others. For two primers, most eastern Nepalese and Bhutanese cultivated accessions had null alleles. In addition, wild accessions from the Yangtze River region of China and the Himalayan region had a null allele for one or the other of these primers. Whether the distinct diversity of azuki bean in the Himalayan region is due to introgression or separate domestication events requires further study. In contrast, western Nepalese azuki beans showed an SSR profile similar to that of Chinese azuki beans. The genetic distinctness of cultivated azuki beans from Vietnam has been revealed for the first time. The specific alleles indicate that Vietnamese azuki beans have been cultivated in isolation from Chinese azuki beans for a long time. Wild germplasm from the Himalayan region showed the highest level of variation. Based on the results, Himalayan germplasm could be considered a novel gene source for azuki bean breeding. A comparison with mungbean SSR analysis revealed that the mean gene diversity of cultivated azuki bean (0.74) was much higher than that of cultivated mungbean (0.41). The reduction in gene diversity due to domestication, the domestication bottleneck, in azuki bean is not strong compared with that in mungbean.

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2

Imrie, B. C. "Azuki bean." Field Crops Research 44, no. 1 (November 1995): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(95)90079-9.

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3

Zong, Xu Xiao, Akito Kaga, Norihiko Tomooka, Xin Wang Wang, Ouk Kyu Han, and Duncan Vaughan. "The genetic diversity of the Vigna angularis complex in Asia." Genome 46, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-041.

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Анотація:

A selected set of accessions of components of the azuki bean (Vigna angularis) complex comprising 123 cultivated accessions and 23 wild or weedy accessions from Bhutan, China (including Taiwan), India, Japan, Korea, and Nepal was analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methodology. Using 12 AFLP primer pairs, 580 unambiguous bands were generated, 313 (53.9%) of which were polymorphic among azuki bean accessions. All 580 bands were used to assess phenotypic (band) and genetic (nucleotide) diversity among the 146 azuki bean accessions. The results indicate five major groups of azuki bean germplasm primarily associated with geographic origin of accessions and their status: wild, weedy, or cultivated. These five groups are (i) Himalayan wild, (ii) NepalBhutan cultivated, (iii) Chinese wild, (iv) Taiwan wild Bhutan cultivated, and (v) northeast Asian accessions. Within the northeast Asian accessions, three subgroups are present. These consist of (v1) Japanese complex Korean cultivated, (v2) Japanese cultivated, and (v3) Chinese cultivated accessions. The results suggest domestication of azuki bean occurred at least twice, once in the Himalayan region of southern Asia and once in northeast Asia. The remarkable diversity of azuki bean germplasm in the Himalayan region compared with other regions suggests this is a rich source of germplasm for plant breeding. The results suggest there are important gaps in the germplasm collections of azuki bean and its close relatives from various parts of Asia and that specific collecting missions for Vigna germplasm related to azuki bean in the highlands of subtropical Asia are needed.Key words: AFLP markers, Asia, azuki bean, conservation, legume.

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4

Ogiso-Tanaka, Eri, Sompong Chankaew, Yutaro Yoshida, Takehisa Isemura, Rusama Marubodee, Alisa Kongjaimun, Akiko Baba-Kasai, Kazutoshi Okuno, Hiroshi Ehara, and Norihiko Tomooka. "Unique Salt-Tolerance-Related QTLs, Evolved in Vigna riukiuensis (Na+ Includer) and V. nakashimae (Na+ Excluder), Shed Light on the Development of Super-Salt-Tolerant Azuki Bean (V. angularis) Cultivars." Plants 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2023): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12081680.

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Анотація:

Wild relatives of crops have the potential to improve food crops, especially in terms of improving abiotic stress tolerance. Two closely related wild species of the traditional East Asian legume crops, Azuki bean (Vigna angularis), V. riukiuensis “Tojinbaka” and V. nakashimae “Ukushima” were shown to have much higher levels of salt tolerance than azuki beans. To identify the genomic regions responsible for salt tolerance in “Tojinbaka” and “Ukushima”, three interspecific hybrids were developed: (A) azuki bean cultivar “Kyoto Dainagon” × “Tojinbaka”, (B) “Kyoto Dainagon” × “Ukushima” and (C) “Ukushima” × “Tojinbaka”. Linkage maps were developed using SSR or restriction-site-associated DNA markers. There were three QTLs for “percentage of wilt leaves” in populations A, B and C, while populations A and B had three QTLs and population C had two QTLs for “days to wilt”. In population C, four QTLs were detected for Na+ concentration in the primary leaf. Among the F2 individuals in population C, 24% showed higher salt tolerance than both wild parents, suggesting that the salt tolerance of azuki beans can be further improved by combining the QTL alleles of the two wild relatives. The marker information would facilitate the transfer of salt tolerance alleles from “Tojinbaka” and “Ukushima” to azuki beans.

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5

Park, S. J., and T. R. Anderson. "AC Gemco azuki bean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-062.

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Анотація:

AC Gemco, tested as A235, was developed from a landrace azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] "Martyn Bulk" by pure line selection. It is a medium to full-season-maturing cultvar in southwestern Ontario, and produces a high yield of large red seed. AC Gemco has about 12% more yield, larger seed, and matures about 4 d later than the landrace. Key words: Vigna angularis, azuki bean, red bean, cultivar description

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6

Soltani, Nader, Christy Shropshire, and Peter H. Sikkema. "Sensitivity of Azuki Bean and Control of Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Canada Fleabane With Saflufenacil Herbicide Mixtures." Journal of Agricultural Science 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n1p13.

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Анотація:

During 2021 and 2022, four experiments were conducted to ascertain the sensitivity of azuki bean to saflufenacil herbicide mixtures, and five experiments were conducted to determine the control of multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) Canada fleabane with various saflufenacil herbicide mixtures applied preplant (PP) in soybean at various locations in southwestern Ontario, Canada. At 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after emergence (WAE), glyphosate + saflufenacil caused 2-5% azuki bean injury. The addition of metribuzin, bromoxynil, halauxifen-methyl, or 2,4-D ester caused 2-7%, 2-4%, 4-9%, and 2-4% azuki bean injury, respectively. Glyphosate + saflufenacil + bromoxynil plus either metribuzin, halauxifen-methyl, or 2,4-D ester caused 3-7%, 5-11%, and 3-6% azuki bean injury, respectively. Saflufenacil mixtures evaluated had no adverse effect on azuki bean stand, biomass m-1, biomass plant-1, height, seed moisture content, or yield. At 4 and 8 weeks after application (WAA), glyphosate + saflufenacil control MHR Canada fleabane 93 and 87%, respectively; there was no improvement in MHR Canada fleabane control with the glyphosate + saflufenacil mixtures evaluated. At 8 WAA, saflufenacil herbicide mixtures evaluated reduced MHR Canada fleabane density 43-95% and biomass 47-96%; differences were not statistically significant. MHR Canada fleabane interference reduced soybean yield 50%; however, reduced MHR Canada fleabane interference with all glyphosate + saflufenacil mixtures evaluated resulted in soybean yield that was similar to the weed-free control. This study concludes that saflufenacil herbicide mixtures evaluated have the potential to be used for the control MHR Canada fleabane in azuki bean.

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7

HIRATA, Takeshi, and Masayuki KUGIMIYA. "Effect of azuki bean protein on gelatinization of azuki bean starch." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI 32, no. 1 (1985): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.32.35.

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8

Soltani, Nader, Christy Shropshire, and Peter H. Sikkema. "Tolerance of Dry Beans to Pyraflufen-Ethyl/2,4-D Ester." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 9 (August 15, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n9p40.

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Five field experiments were conducted in Ontario to determine the tolerance of dry beans to pyraflufen-ethyl (6.7 and 13.4 g ai ha-1), 2,4-D ester (520.3 and 1040.6 g ai ha-1) and pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D ester (527 and 1054 g ai ha-1) applied preplant. Pyraflufen-ethyl at 6.7 and 13.4 g ai ha-1 caused < 2% injury in azuki, kidney, small red, and white bean. 2,4-D ester at 520.3 and 1040.6 g ai ha-1 caused up to 4 and 6% injury in azuki bean; up to 5 and 12% injury in kidney bean; up to 7 and 12% injury in small red bean; and up to 5 and 8% injury in white bean, respectively. Pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D ester at 527 and 1054 g ai ha-1 caused up to 4 and 6% injury in azuki bean; 5 and 11% injury in kidney bean; 7 and 13% injury in small red bean; and 5 and 10% injury in white bean, respectively. Pyraflufen-ethyl (6.7 and 13.4 g ai ha-1), 2,4-D ester (520.3 and 1040.6 g ai ha-1) or their combination applied preplant caused no adverse effect on dry bean stand, aboveground dry biomass, height, seed moisture content, or yield except for 2,4-D (2X rate) and pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D ester (2X rate) which reduced dry bean aboveground biomass as much as 32% and plant height up to 28%. This study concludes that pyraflufen-ethyl (6.7 g ai ha-1), 2,4-D ester (520.3 g ai ha-1), and pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D ester (527 g ai ha-1) applied preplant is safe to use for weed management in azuki, kidney, small red, and white bean. However, care must be taken to avoid spray overlaps with 2,4-D ester and pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D ester to avoid unacceptable dry bean injury.

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9

Dos Santos Oliveira, Andréa, Tanismare Tatiana de Almeida, and Lucas Pereira Valero. "PANORAMA OF THE SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION OF AZUKI BEANS IN 10 YEARS." Journal of Interdisciplinary Debates 5, no. 03 (October 6, 2024): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/jid.v5i03.2237.

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Анотація:

Azuki bean (Vigna angularis), belonging to the Fabaceae family, is one of the most traditional crops in East Asia. It is widely consumed in Japan in dishes such as porridge, soups, cakes, pastries, and mixed with rice. Rich in fiber, magnesium, potassium, calcium, and folic acid, azuki beans contain approximately 55% starch. In Brazil, this legume is still relatively unknown, with little information available on its agricultural production. This study aims to analyze and quantify the availability of scientific articles on azuki beans, both at the national and international levels, based on publications from 2012 to 2022. The analysis period it covered the months of August to October 2022. The descriptor “Adzuki Beans” yielded the highest number of publications, with 2021 being the year with the largest volume, totaling 73 articles. In contrast, the descriptor “Feijão Azuki” showed a significantly lower number of articles, with only three publications in 2015. The Web of Science database had the highest number of published articles, totaling 488 publications during the analyzed period.

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10

Li, Y. Q., Z. P. Liu, K. Yang, Y. S. Li, B. Zhao, Z. F. Fan, and P. Wan. "First Report of Bean common mosaic virus Infecting Azuki Bean (Vigna angularis) in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 7 (July 2014): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0064-pdn.

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Azuki bean (Vigna angularis Ohwi & Ohashi) is one of the traditional grain legumes in China. From 2010 to 2013, mosaic and crumpling symptoms on leaves and stunting, all typical symptoms of a viral disease, were observed on cultivars CWA030, CWA221, and JCA002 of azuki bean with incidence rates of 30 to 100% and yield losses of 50 to 95% in the three fields of Changping district, Beijing. To identify the possible viral pathogen(s), 21 symptomatic leaf samples from different cultivars were collected and total RNA was extracted from the samples and subjected to RT-PCR testing with degenerate primers targeting portions of the coding regions of Cucumovirus capsid protein (CP) (1) and Potyvirus NIb (2); these viruses had been reported in azuki bean. Fragments of 940 bp and 350 bp corresponding to Cucumovirus CP and Potyvirus NIb, respectively, were amplified from all the samples collected. Sequencing of the PCR products from nine samples, followed by BLAST analysis, confirmed the presence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). All the samples tested were also positive with direct antigen coating (DAC)-ELISA using specific antiserum to CMV or BCMV (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). The CMV CP gene (GenBank Accession No. KJ467817) shared 99% sequence identity with a China CMV isolate (DQ873558). To further characterize the BCMV strain found, fragments of 3,388 bp spanning BCMV NIa, NIb, CP and 3′UTR regions were amplified with another primer set, BCMV-F (5′-AGCAAGTCAATTTACAAGGGACTTC-3′) and BCMV-R (5′-GGAACAACAAACATTGCCGTAGCTAC-3′) from three samples, and three independent clones from each sample were sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that this segment (KJ467816) shared 98% identity with the BCMV azuki bean strain (U60100). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BCMV, together with CMV, naturally infecting azuki bean in China. Further attention should be paid to this emerging viral disease and measures should be taken to control the spread of BCMV. References: (1) S. K. Choi et al. J. Virol. Methods 83:1345, 1999. (2) L. Zheng et al. Plant Pathol. 59:1345, 2010.

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11

TAVARES, CÁSSIO JARDIM, PATRÍCIA CARDOSO FERREIRA, ADRIANO JAKELAITIS, JULIANA DE FÁTIMA SALES, and OSVALDO RESENDE. "PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF DESICCATED AND STORED AZUKI BEAN SEEDS." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 1 (March 2016): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n108rc.

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ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of using different herbicides as desiccants in pre-harvest and the effects of storage on the physiological and sanitary quality of azuki bean seeds (Vigna angularis Willd). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Four herbicides were tested: paraquat (400 g a.i. ha-1), glufosinate ammonium (400 g a.i. ha-1), glyphosate (720 g a.i. ha-1), flumioxazin (30 g a.i. ha-1) and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots seed quality was tested in two evaluation periods: at harvest and six months after harvest. Desiccant was applied when the azuki beans were physiologically mature. We assessed the physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds using a vigour and seed health test. The use of glyphosate resulted in a higher incidence of abnormal seedlings and reduced size and weight of the seedlings. With paraquat and flumioxazin the physiological quality was maintained and there was reduced pathogen infestation in the seeds six months after harvest. Storage affected the physiological quality of the azuki bean seeds.

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12

Maharjan, Rameswor, Seoyeon Hong, Jeongjoon Ahn, Youngnam Yoon, Yunwoo Jang, Jungin Kim, Myounghee Lee, Kido Park, and Hwijong Yi. "Temperature and Host Plant Impacts on the Development of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Linear and Nonlinear Modeling." Insects 14, no. 5 (April 26, 2023): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14050412.

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The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most serious pests in field crops, vegetables, and ornamentals. Temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 35, and 40 °C), host plants (soybean (Glycine max (L.)), maize (Zea mays L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi,), and the artificial diet-dependent developmental parameters and survival of S. litura were examined in this study. Stage-specific parameters such as threshold development temperature (LDT) and thermal constant (K) (Degree day (DD)) were determined by linear and nonlinear models (Sharpe–Schoolfield–Ikemoto), respectively. The total developmental time (egg–adult) decreased with increasing temperature on host plants and with an artificial diet. The total immature developmental time varied from 106.29, 107.57, 130.40, 111.82, and 103.66 days at 15 °C to 22.47, 21.25, 25.31, 18.30, and 22.50 days at 35 °C on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. The LDT for the total immature completion was 7.50, 9.48, 11.44, 12.32, and 7.95 °C on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. The K for the total immature completion was 587.88, 536.84, 517.45, 419.44, and 586.95 DD on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. Temperature and host plant interaction also influenced the longevity and survival of adults. The findings of this study can be used to predict the number of generations, spring emergence, and population dynamics of S. litura. The nutrient content analysis of the host plants is discussed in terms of the developmental patterns of S. litura.

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13

TEBAYASHI, Shin-ichi, Shigeru MATSUYAMA, Takahisa SUZUKI, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Tadashi NEMOTO, and Koichi FUJII. "Quercimeritrin: The Third Oviposition Stimulant of the Azuki Bean Weevil from the Host Azuki Bean." Journal of Pesticide Science 20, no. 3 (1995): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.20.299.

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14

Soltani, Nader, Christy Shropshire, and Peter H. Sikkema. "Weed Control With Preemergence Herbicides in Azuki Bean." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 6 (May 15, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n6p16.

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Three field experiments were completed over a three-year period (2019 to 2021) in Ontario, Canada to develop weed management programs in azuki bean with herbicides (pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, halosulfuron, and imazethapyr) applied alone and in combination, and metribuzin, applied preemergence (PRE). At 2 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE), there was ≤ 8% azuki bean injury from the herbicide treatments evaluated, with the exception of the treatments that included S-metolachlor which caused up to 19% azuki bean injury. Pendimethalin (1080 g ai ha-1) and S-metolachlor (1600 g ai ha-1) controlled green foxtail 83-94% but provided poor control of common lambsquarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, and flower-of-an-hour. Imazethapyr (75 g ai ha-1) controlled common lambsquarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and flower-of-an-hour 90-100% but provided 76-82% control of common ragweed and green foxtail. Halosulfuron (35 g ai ha-1) controlled wild mustard 100%, common ragweed 81-84%, common lambsquarters 77-83%, flower-of-an-hour 72-75%, redroot pigweed 59-72%, and green foxtail 19-23%. The tankmix of pendimethalin + S-metolachlor controlled green foxtail and common lambsquarters 87-97% but the control was only 23- 83% on wild mustard, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, and flower-of-an-hour. The tankmixes of pendimethalin + imazethapyr and pendimethalin + S-metolachlor + imazethapyr provided 90-100% control of common lambsquarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, flower-of-an-hour, and green foxtail, and 78-87% control of common ragweed. The tankmixes of pendimethalin + halosulfuron and pendimethalin + S-metolachlor + halosulfuron controlled common lambsquarters and wild mustard 91-100%, green foxtail 76-95%, flower-of-an-hour 70-94%, redroot pigweed 68-91%, and common ragweed 78-79%. Metribuzin (280 g ai ha-1) controlled common lambsquarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, flower-of-an-hour, and green foxtail up to 94, 98, 81, 58, 98, and 61% respectively; control improved to 99, 100, 97, 84, 99, and 83%, respectively when the rate was increased to 560 g ai ha-1. Generally, weed density and dry biomass reflected the level of weed control. Weed interference reduced azuki bean yield by 91% in this study. Generally, azuki bean yield reflected the level of weed control.

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15

ITO, Seisuke, Michiyuki KOJIMA, Masao OHNISHI, and Yasuhiko FUJINO. "Triterpenic lipids in Azuki bean seeds." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 59, no. 9 (1985): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.59.895.

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16

UENO, Tomikazu, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Koichi FUJII, Mark L. TAPER, Yukihiko TOQUENAGA, and Takahisa SUZUKI. "D-Catechin: An Oviposition Stimulant of Azuki Bean Weevil Callosobruchus chinensis in the Host Azuki Bean." Journal of Pesticide Science 15, no. 4 (1990): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.573.

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17

MATSUMOTO, Hitoshi, Shin-ichi TEBAYASHI, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Sigeru MATSUYAMA, Takahisa SUZUKI, and Koichi FUJII. "Identification of Taxifolin Present in the Azuki Bean as an Oviposition Stimulant of the Azuki Bean Weevil." Journal of Pesticide Science 19, no. 3 (1994): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.19.3_181.

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18

Hsieh, H. M., B. G. Swanson, and T. A. Lumpkin. "Azuki bean sizes and ama-natto preparation." Food Research International 31, no. 9 (November 1998): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-9969(99)00036-8.

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19

Kato, Sumie, Hirofumi Yamaguchi, Yoshiya Shimamoto, and Tetsuo Mikami. "The Chloroplast Genomes of Azuki Bean and its Close Relatives: a Deletion Mutation Found in Weed Azuki Bean." Hereditas 132, no. 1 (May 5, 2004): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.2000.00043.x.

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20

Fuzetti, Caroline Gregoli, and Vânia Regina Nicoletti. "Stability of Buriti Oil Microencapsulated in Mixtures of Azuki and Lima Bean Flours with Maltodextrin." Foods 13, no. 13 (June 21, 2024): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13131968.

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Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) is rich in carotenoids, mainly β-carotene, and has great value for application as a food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic ingredient, as well as a natural pigment. Microencapsulation is a promising technique to protect compounds sensitive to degradation such as β-carotene. Materials composed of carbohydrates and proteins, such as azuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) flours, are alternative matrices for microencapsulation, which additionally provide good amounts of nutrients. In combination with maltodextrin, the flours represent a protective barrier in stabilizing lipophilic compounds such as buriti oil for subsequent spray drying. In this work, the performance of mixtures of maltodextrin with whole azuki and lima bean flours was evaluated in the microencapsulation of buriti oil. The microcapsules showed good results for solubility (>80%), hygroscopicity (~7%), encapsulation efficiency (43.52 to 51.94%), and carotenoid retention (64.13 to 77.49%.) After 77 days of storage, the microcapsules produced maintained 87.79% and 90.16% of carotenoids, indicating that the powders have high potential for application as encapsulants in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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21

Banni, Kim, Kyaw Thu Moe, and Yong-Jin Park. "Assessing genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow in the Korean red bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] using SSR markers." Plant Genetic Resources 10, no. 1 (February 6, 2012): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262112000019.

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Red bean, also known as azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi], belongs to a group of legumes (family Fabaceae). The name azuki is a transliteration of the native Japanese name from the Chinese word Shōzu, which means small bean. In Korea, it is known as pat. In total, 178 red bean accessions were taken to analyse the genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow using 39 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 431 alleles were detected, with an average of 11 alleles per locus, among the 178 tested red bean accessions. Forty-six specific alleles were identified with 20 loci. Locus CEDG090 had the highest number (n = 22) of alleles, whereas only two alleles were observed at loci CEDG144 and CEDC018. The proportion of different alleles for microsatellite loci was analysed using a microsatellite toolkit. In locus CEDG029, one allele was shared in all the three groups of varieties and species, and three alleles were shared between the wild ancestors and cultivated varieties, while in locus CEDG090, one allele was shared in all the three groups and 12 alleles were shared between the wild ancestors and cultivated varieties. Our findings describe the genetic relationships and population structure of the red bean in Korea and will be useful for designing effective breeding programmes and broadening the genetic base of commercial varieties. Moreover, the results demonstrate substantial gene flow from the red bean to nearby wild relatives in a given region.

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Somta, Prakit, Achara Jomsangawong, Chutintorn Yundaeng, Xingxing Yuan, Jingbin Chen, Norihiko Tomooka, and Xin Chen. "Genetic Dissection of Azuki Bean Weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) Resistance in Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia [Jaqc.] Maréchal)." Genes 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9110555.

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The azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) is an insect pest responsible for serious postharvest seed loss in leguminous crops. In this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of seed resistance to C. chinensis in moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia [Jaqc.] Maréchal). An F2 population of 188 plants developed by crossing resistant accession ‘TN67’ (wild type from India; male parent) and susceptible accession ‘IPCMO056’ (cultivated type from India; female parent) was used for mapping. Seeds of the F2 population from 2014 and F2:3 populations from 2016 and 2017 were bioassayed with C. chinensis, and the percentage of damaged seeds and progress of infestation severity were measured. Segregation analysis suggested that C. chinensis resistance in TN176 is controlled by a single dominant gene, designated as Rcc. QTL analysis revealed one principal and one modifying QTL for the resistance, named qVacBrc2.1 and qVacBrc5.1, respectively. qVacBrc2.1 was located on linkage group 2 between simple sequence repeat markers CEDG261 and DMB-SSR160 and accounted for 50.41% to 64.23% of resistance-related traits, depending on the trait and population. Comparative genomic analysis suggested that qVacBrc2.1 is the same as QTL Brc2.1 conferring C. chinensis resistance in wild azuki bean (V. nepalensis Tateishi and Maxted). Markers CEDG261 and DMB-SSR160 should be useful for marker-assisted selection for C. chinensis resistance in moth bean.

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23

Xu, Ru-Qiang, Norihiko Tomooka, and Duncan A. Vaughan. "AFLP Markers for Characterizing the Azuki Bean Complex." Crop Science 40, no. 3 (May 2000): 808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2000.403808x.

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24

Branca, C., D. Ricci, and M. Bassi. "Epidermis integrity and epicotyl growth in azuki bean." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 7, no. 2 (June 1988): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02025379.

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25

Soltani, Nader, Lynette Brown, and Peter H. Sikkema. "Weed Management in Azuki Bean with Postemergence Herbicides." American Journal of Plant Sciences 11, no. 09 (2020): 1467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2020.119106.

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26

Tanigoshi, L. K., Maria Saenz, and J. M. Babcock. "Spider Mite Control, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.87a.

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Abstract Azuki bean pesticide trials were conducted at the Warden Research Farm, Washington State University, Warden, Wash. Experimental plots were 0.01 acre each, arranged in a completely randomized design, and replicated 4 times. Plots were planted on 18 May at a density of 96,000 plants/acre. Thimet and Temik were knifed-in 2 inches to the side of the seed 1 and 2 wk after planting. Cygon, Orthene, Pydrin, and Comite were applied on 22 Jul and 19 Aug with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a 4-ft spray boom calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi from 4 8003 flat fan nozzles on 19-inch spacings. Plots that received Temik and Thimet were sprayed with Avid at 0.18 lb (AI)/acre on 19 Aug. Plots were sampled from 20 Jul to 13 Sep at intervals that varied between 5 and 10 d. Mites were sampled by collecting 10 trifoliates at random from the tops of azuki bean. Leaves were processed with a mite-brushing machine.

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27

Yamaguchi, Aya, Kouichi Soga, Kazuyuki Wakabayashi, and Takayuki Hoson. "Modification of Xyloglucan Metabolism during a Decrease in Cell Wall Extensibility in 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid-Treated Azuki Bean Epicotyls." Plants 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020367.

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The exogenous application of ethylene or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the biosynthetic precursor for ethylene, to plants decreases the capacity of the cell wall to extend, thereby inhibiting stem elongation. In this study, the mechanism by which the extensibility of cell walls decreases in ACC-treated azuki bean epicotyls was studied. ACC decreased the total extensibility of cell walls, and such a decrease was due to the decrease in irreversible extensibility. ACC increased the molecular mass of xyloglucans but decreased the activity of xyloglucan-degrading enzymes. The expression of VaXTHS4, which only exhibits hydrolase activity toward xyloglucans, was downregulated by ACC treatment, whereas that of VaXTH1 or VaXTH2, which exhibits only transglucosylase activity toward xyloglucans, was not affected by ACC treatment. The suppression of xyloglucan-degrading activity by downregulating VaXTHS4 expression may be responsible for the increase in the molecular mass of xyloglucan. Our results suggest that the modification of xyloglucan metabolism is necessary to decrease cell wall extensibility, thereby inhibiting the elongation growth of epicotyls in ACC-treated azuki bean seedlings.

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28

Zanco, Jasper José, Pedro Boff, Simone Silmara Werner, and Mari Ines Carissimi Boff. "Biophototic in azuki bean seeds treated with ultrahigh dilutions." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): e26110212462. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12462.

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Seed analysis is usually performed by destructive samples with time-consuming methods. Treatments that improve seed vigor are suggested based on bioassays and protocols for most plants. This includes the use of images to assess quality and pro- vide information that supports decisions. However, instrumental cost has not made these technologies widely used. The objective of this research was to study biophotonic images generated by low cost technologies - cold plasma scanner or gas discharge visualization (GDV) and speckle laser (BSL) - to evaluate the germination of adzuki beans seeds treated with ultrahigh dilutions (UHD). The research was carried out at the EPAGRI Homeopathy and Plant Health Laboratory, with a post-graduate support at the State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC). The images of the seeds were diagnosed mathematically, before and after germination, using “Local Connected Fractal Dimension Analysis” (LCFD) and “Time History Speckle Pattern” (THSP). The results show that the images identify the effects of high dilution - Bryonia alba and Silicea terra, at 6, 12 and 30 CH (centesimal hahnemannian dilution order) - on the seeds of azuki beans. There were statistically differences (p < 1% and p < 5%) of the treatments in relation to the control: water. Only Silicea terra 30CH inhibited seed germination. The signals found in the BSL images of the seeds were superior to the GDV signals, showing an average of 89% correct responses (BSL) against 87% (GDV).

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29

Tanigoshi, L. K., and Hugo Aguilar. "Control of Twospotted Spider Mite on Azuki Bean, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.191.

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Abstract Seven chemicals and 1 combination were evaluated for control of TSSM at the Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Benton County, WA. Spray treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to delivery 25 gal/acre at 60 psi from a 7.5 ft boom with 8 TXVS-8 conejet nozzles. A completely randomized design was used with 0.01 acre plots replicated 5 times. Treatments were applied on 19 Aug. TSSM females were sampled by randomly selecting 20 leaflets/plot. Leaflets were placed in paper bags and kept in a cold box until processed with a mite brushing machine. Plots were visually examined for evidence of phytotoxicity.

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30

Zhang, Yan, Kouichi Soga, Kazuyuki Wakabayashi, and Takayuki Hoson. "Effects of gravistimuli on osmoregulation in azuki bean epicotyls." Advances in Space Research 51, no. 3 (February 2013): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.013.

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31

Somta, P., S. Chankaew, O. Rungnoi, and P. Srinives. "Genetic diversity of the Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) as assessed by SSR markers." Genome 54, no. 11 (November 2011): 898–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-056.

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Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an important African legume crop. In this study, a collection consisting of 240 accessions was analyzed using 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 166 alleles were detected, with a mean of 7.59 alleles per locus. Allelic and gene diversities were higher in the west African and Cameroon/Nigeria regions with 6.68 and 6.18 alleles per locus, and 0.601 and 0.571, respectively. The genetic distance showed high similarity between west African and Cameroon/Nigeria accessions. Principal coordinate analyses and neighbor-joining analysis consistently revealed that the majority of west African accessions were grouped with Cameroon/Nigeria accessions, but they were differentiated from east African, central African, and southeast Asian accessions. Population structure analysis showed that two subpopulations existed, and most of the east African accessions were restricted to one subpopulation with some Cameroon/Nigeria accessions, whereas most of the west African accessions were associated with most of the Cameroon/Nigeria accessions in the other subpopulation. Comparison with SSR analysis of other Vigna cultigens, i.e., cultivated azuki bean ( Vigna angularis ) and mungbean ( Vigna radiata ), reveals that the mean gene diversity of Bambara groundnut was lower than azuki bean but higher than mungbean.

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32

Matsui, Teruaki, Nayu Sato, Masashi Nakamura, Yukiko Iwawaki, Katsumasa Kitamura, Yoshihiro Takasato, Shiro Sugiura, Kayoko Matsunaga, and Komei Ito. "A case of white bean allergy." Asia Pacific Allergy 13, no. 4 (October 9, 2023): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000111.

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White bean allergy is uncommon and rarely reported. Herein, we report a case of white bean allergy in a patient with Down syndrome. A 7-year-old girl with Down syndrome experienced allergic symptoms twice after eating white bean and visited our hospital for a food allergy investigation. An ImmunoCAP assay revealed a white bean-specific IgE (13.4 kUA/L) in the patient’s serum. In addition, her skin prick test result was positive. Moreover, ingestion of 2 g of boiled white beans in an oral food challenge test induced intermittent cough, desaturation, generalized urticaria, abnormal sleep, and mild hypotension. Thus, we diagnosed the patient with white bean allergy. We performed western blotting and mass spectrometric analysis and detected the following allergens: Phytohemagglutinin, group 3 late embryogenesis abundant protein, lipoxygenase, and legumin. In addition, we detected several candidate allergenic proteins for the first time. White bean, runner bean, or azuki bean was considered the primary source of sensitization because although immunoblotting inhibition tests revealed that the abovementioned beans inhibited other legumes, soybean, which she tolerates, showed little inhibition of the other legumes. However, we could not confirm whether the patient could ingest legumes other than soybean or white bean because her family did not wish to continue with further testing. This is the first report of a case of systemic allergic reactions to white bean in a child with Down syndrome. Further studies are needed to identify white bean allergens and understand the relationship between Down syndrome and white bean allergy.

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33

Almeida, Raphael Lucas, Newton Carlos Santos, Tamires dos Santos Pereira, Virginia Mirtes de alcântara Silva, Victor Herbet de Alcantara Ribeiro, Igo Marinho Serafim Borges, Renata Duarte Almeida, Lucas Rodolfo Inácio da Silva, Flávia Izabely Nunes Moreira, and Maysa Bernadino Cabral. "Effect of germination time on structural properties of azuki bean flour (Vigna agularis) germination." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): e28932317. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i2.2317.

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The aim of the present work was to analyze the structural properties of germinated adzuki bean flour at different germination stages. Germination was conducted with four replications of 50 seeds and germination was performed at 6, 8, 10 and 12 days, considering protrusion or root size as an indicator of germination. To obtain the flour, germinated adzuki beans were placed in trays and placed in a drying oven at a temperature of 50 °C and an air velocity of 1.0 m.s-1 until constant mass; X-ray diffraction analyzes and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed in the formulations. All samples were classified as crystallinity type A and showed an increase in the degree of crystallinity according to germination time. The structure of molecules of germinated adzuki bean flour was modified according to germination time and root size. Differences in intensity were observed in diffractograms and spectrograms, in the latter no different peak was verified by prolonged germination.

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34

Kaga, Akito, Takehisa Isemura, Norihiko Tomooka, and Duncan A. Vaughan. "The Genetics of Domestication of the Azuki Bean (Vigna angularis)." Genetics 178, no. 2 (February 2008): 1013–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.107.078451.

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35

OHTANI, KIYOTAKA, MAYU FUJIMOTO, HITOMI INAGAKI, KAZUTERU KITSUDA, MASAKO KITSUNEZAKI, and SHINYA NAKAMURA. "Azuki Bean Allergy in a Japanese Child: a Case Report." Juntendo Medical Journal 61, no. 3 (2015): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14789/jmj.61.302.

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36

Ikushima, Toshimitsu, Kouichi Soga, Takayuki Hoson, and Teruo Shimmen. "Role of xyloglucan in gravitropic bending of azuki bean epicotyl." Physiologia Plantarum 132, no. 4 (April 2008): 552–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.01047.x.

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37

Ishimoto, Masao, Takashi Sato, Maarten J. Chrispeels та Keisuke Kitamura. "Bruchid resistance of transgenic azuki bean expressing seed α-amylase inhibitor of common bean". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 79, № 3 (червень 1996): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00838.x.

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38

Houng, Huaang Youh, and Jui Ming Chou. "Development of Automatic Bio-Monitoring System for the Life History of Insect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 1078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.1078.

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An automatic bio-monitoring system was developed for exploring the life history of insect (Callosobruchus maculates) inhabiting in beans. Callosobruchus maculatus only feeds before exclusion and the demand for food is different in every life stage. The feeding process cracks bean texture fibers and produces feeble ultrasound. Hence the life history of an inhabitant can be explored through spying the feeding cracks. The developed ultrasonic monitoring system consists of a delicate electronic signal-conditioning module, which amplifies, filters, and transforms a biting crack into a square pulse. A computer equipped with software developed in house acquires biting pulses and displays the life history on line. Acquired data are stored for subsequently off-line analysis. The system has been successfully applied to exploration of the life histories of Callosobruchus maculatus inhabiting in Azuki beans and mung beans.

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39

Conner, Robert L., Greg J. Boland, Chris L. Gillard, Yongyan Chen, Xuechan Shan, Debra L. McLaren, Anfu Hou, et al. "Identification of anthracnose races in Manitoba and Ontario from 2005 to 2015 and their reactions on Ontario dry bean cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 100, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2019-0003.

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Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara, is one of the most destructive diseases of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the world. Between 2005 and 2015, commercial fields of dry beans in Manitoba and Ontario were surveyed to determine the frequency of occurrence of races of the anthracnose fungus. Throughout the study, race 73 was most prevalent in Manitoba and Ontario. However, three anthracnose races not previously reported in Canada also were identified. These three new races and four previously identified anthracnose races were used to screen 52 dry bean cultivars, as well as a mung bean and azuki bean cultivar from Ontario, for their seedling reactions to determine their patterns of race resistance. The dry bean cultivars were classified into a total of 19 resistance spectra based on the pattern of seedling reactions to the seven anthracnose races. The most common resistance spectrum was susceptible to the majority of the anthracnose races and no cultivar was resistant to all of the races. Many bean cultivars produced intermediate anthracnose ratings to races 31 and 105 and tests of 16 dry bean cultivars against those races indicated that all cultivars with intermediate ratings to a specific race were segregating in their seedling reactions and none of the cultivars produced plants with only intermediate anthracnose severity ratings. This study provides new information on the anthracnose reactions of common bean cultivars in Canada, which should be useful for the development of new bean cultivars with durable resistance.

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40

SHINODA, Kazutaka, and Toshiharu YOSHIDA. "Effect of Fungal Feeding of Longevity and Fecundity of the Azuki Bean Weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)(Coleoptera : Bruchidae), in the Azuki Beam Field." Applied Entomology and Zoology 22, no. 4 (1987): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.465.

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41

SMITANOND, Bongotrat, Kaoru TANAKA, Hiroshi HONDA, and Izuru YAMAMOTO. "An Ecochemical in Kidney Beans Which Inhibits Larval Growth of the Azuki Bean Weevil." Journal of Pesticide Science 15, no. 1 (1990): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.15.89.

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42

Soltani, Nader, Lynette R. Brown, and Peter H. Sikkema. "Effect of Halosulfuron Rate and Application Timing on Volunteer Azuki Bean Control in White Bean." Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 08 (2020): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2020.118046.

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43

Ishimoto, Masao, and Keisuke Kitamura. "Identification of the growth inhibitor on azuki bean weevil in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Ikushugaku zasshi 38, no. 3 (1988): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.38.367.

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44

Inui, Kenichi, Kouichi Soga, Kazuyuki Wakabayashi, and Takayuki Hoson. "Centrifugal displacement of nuclei in epidermal cells of azuki bean epicotyls." Biological Sciences in Space 33 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2187/bss.33.1.

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45

Maruyama, Chizuko, Risa Araki, Mito Kawamura, Naoko Kondo, Mieko Kigawa, Yukari Kawai, Yoshikazu Takanami, Koichi Miyashita, and Teruichi Shimomitsu. "Azuki Bean Juice Lowers Serum Triglyceride Concentrations in Healthy Young Women." Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 43, no. 1 (2008): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2008039.

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46

Isemura, Takehisa, Takashige Ishii, Hiroki Saito, Chiyo Noda, Shuji Misoo, and Osamu Kamijima. "Genetic Diversity in Azuki Bean Landraces as Revealed by RAPD Analysis." Breeding Research 4, no. 3 (2002): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbr.4.125.

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47

Chen, Gan-Hong, Ming-Pin Hsu, Chi-Hsing Tan, Hsien-Yi Sung, C. George Kuo, Ming-Jen Fan, Huei-Mei Chen, Shu Chen, and Ching-San Chen. "Cloning and Characterization of a Plant Defensin VaD1 from Azuki Bean." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 4 (February 2005): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0402227.

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48

ISHIKAWA, Chikako, Kazue WATANABE, Noriaki SAKATA, Chiho NAKAGAKI, Shin NAKAMURA, and Kenji TAKAHASHI. "Azuki Bean (Vigna angularis1) Protease Inhibitors: Isolation and Amino Acid Sequences." Journal of Biochemistry 97, no. 1 (January 1985): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135068.

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49

Hoson, Takayuki, Akira Tabuchi, and Yoshio Masuda. "Mechanism of Xyloglucan Breakdown in Cell Walls of Azuki Bean Epicotyls." Journal of Plant Physiology 147, no. 2 (January 1995): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81508-7.

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50

Soga, Kouichi, Kuninori Arai, Kazuyuki Wakabayashi, Seiichiro Kamisaka, and Takayuki Hoson. "Modifications of xyloglucan metabolism in azuki bean epicotyls under hypergravity conditions." Advances in Space Research 39, no. 7 (January 2007): 1204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.011.

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