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Книги з теми "Average risk"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Institute of Medicine (U.S.), National Cancer Policy Board (U.S.), National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, National Research Council (U.S.). Global Affairs Division, and NetLibrary Inc, eds. Economic models of colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005.

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2

Attanasio, Orazio P. Intertemporal substitution, risk aversion and the Euler Equation for consumption: Evidence from aggregate and average cohort data. London: University College, 1987.

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3

Bernstein, Peter L. Against the gods: The remarkable story of risk. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1996.

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4

Bernstein, Peter L. Against the gods: The remarkable story of risk. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

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5

Risuku: Kamigami e no hangyaku = Against the gods : the remarkable story of risk. Tōkyō: Nihon Keizai Shinbun, 1998.

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6

Savage, Sam L. The Flaw of Averages. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2009.

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7

Parrino, Robert. Measuring investment distortions when risk-averse managers decide whether to undertake risky projects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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8

Vitale, Paolo. Risk-averse traders with inside information. Cambridge: Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, 1995.

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9

Pham, Khanh D. Linear-Quadratic Controls in Risk-Averse Decision Making. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5079-5.

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10

The flaw of averages: Why we underestimate risk in the face of uncertainty. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.

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11

Athey, Susan. Investment and information value for a risk averse firm. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2000.

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12

Gill, Tim. No fear: Growing up in a risk averse society. London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 2007.

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13

Gill, Tim. No fear: Growing up in a risk averse society. London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 2007.

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14

Klarman, Seth A. Margin of safety: Risk-averse value investing strategies for the thoughtful investor. [New York, N.Y.]: HarperBusiness, 1991.

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15

Constantinides, George M. Are options on index futures profitable for risk averse investors?: Empirical evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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16

Klarman, Seth A. Margin of Safety: Risk-Averse Value Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor. S.l: Beard Books, 2000.

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17

Makdissi, Paul. Can risk averse competitive input providers serve farmers efficiently in developing countries ? [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2009.

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18

Lehmann, Etienne. On the optimality of search matching equilibrium when workers are risk averse. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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19

Shiller, Robert J. Irrational exuberance. 2nd ed. New York: Currency/Doubleday, 2005.

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20

Shiller, Robert J. Irrational exuberance. New York: Broadway Books, 2001.

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21

Irrational exuberance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.

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22

Irrational exuberance. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2005.

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23

Larsen, Ole Damgaard. Ship collision with bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed004.

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<p>Any struoture in navigable waters constitutes a hazard to shipping and is itself vulnerable to damage or destruction in the event of vessel collision. Worldwide vessel traffic and the average size of vessels continue to lncrease. At the same time, ever more bridges crossing navigable waterways are being planned and constructed, sometimes with inadequate navigation clearance and/or lnadequate protection.<p> The objective of this publication is to provide information and guidelinesfor engineers charged with the planning and design of new bridges, navlgation channels, and prevention and protection measures. Lt offers advice on upgrading and retrofrtting existing bridges and navigation channels. And lt provides the means to evaluate the safety of bridges, vessels, persons and the environment. <p>After reviewing some basics o! navigatlon and vessel traffic, and considering risk acceptance and collision risk, the publication examines vessel impact forces on bridges and proposes appropriate bridge design criteria. Prevention measures, such as regulations and management systems. And protectlon measures and systems are also described. Major international research projects have provided the analytical basis for the publication, including the development of vessel collision guide specific-atrons for the Federal Highway Administration in the USA and the vessel colllsion design crrteria developed for the Great Bell Crossing in Oenmark. <p>Prepared by Ole Damgaard LARSEN, Chairman of the IABSE Working Group "Ship Collision with Bridges'', lhis 132 page publlcation is a must for any engineer dealing with structures in navigable waters.

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24

Angelini, Paolo. Are banks risk-averse?: A note on the timing of operations in the interbank market. Rome: Banca d'Italia, 1996.

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25

Angelini, P. Are banks risk-averse?: A note on the timing of operations in the interbank market. [Roma]: Banca d'Italia, 1996.

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26

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Linear-Quadratic Controls in Risk-Averse Decision Making: Performance-Measure Statistics and Control Decision Optimization. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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27

Sheppard, Marsha I. Predictions of average moisture content and capillary rise of the candidate sand and clinoptilolite for the IRUS disposal concept. Pinawa, Man: AECL, Whiteshell Laboratories, 1995.

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28

Grinols, Earl L. Stochastic equilibrium and exchange rate determination in a small open economy with risk averse optimizing agents. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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29

Lahiri, Sajal. A risk averse price-setting monopolist in a model of international trade: Should the government intervene? [Colchester]: University of Essex, Dept. of Economics, 1989.

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30

Lee, Christoph I. Breast Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0038.

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This chapter, found in the cancer screening and management section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key meta-analysis regarding the efficacy of mammography for breast cancer screening among younger and older average-risk women. This summary outlines study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. Meta-analysis of available trial data demonstrates a 15% mortality reduction among women aged 39 to 49 years with routine screening mammography. This age group has the highest rates of additional imaging but lowest rates of benign biopsy. In addition to outlining the most salient features of the analysis, a clinical vignette and imaging example are included in order to provide relevant clinical context.

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31

United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment., ed. Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults. Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment, 1995.

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32

Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Adults. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/11228.

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33

(Editor), Michael Pignone, Louise Russell (Editor), and Judith Wagner (Editor), eds. Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Adults: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press, 2005.

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34

Colorado. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division. Office of Data Analysis & Evaluation., ed. Analysis of selected alcohol and drug related risk factors for the 63 counties and statewide average, 1989-1993. [Denver, Colo.]: The Office, 1995.

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35

Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk. Simon & Schuster Audio, 1997.

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36

Bernstein, Peter L. Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk. Wiley, 1998.

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37

Smith, David M. Evaluating Hedge Fund Performance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607371.003.0023.

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A diverse set of measures allow investors to evaluate hedge fund portfolio managers’ performance across different dimensions. The various measures quantify the effectiveness of security selection; account for investor flows, operating risk, and worst-case investment scenarios; net out benchmark and peer-fund performance; and control for risk factors that are unique to hedge fund investment strategies. Hedge fund return information in published databases is usually self-reported, which is a conflict of interest that produces several reporting biases and inflated published average returns. After adjusting for these biases, hedge fund average returns trail equity market returns and in fact almost exactly equal U.S. Treasury bill average returns between January 1994 and March 2016. Yet, after risk adjustment, the hedge fund performance picture brightens. In the aggregate, hedge funds have higher Sharpe ratios and multifactor alphas, and lower maximum drawdown levels than equity market benchmarks.

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38

Shiller, Robert J., and Robert J. J. Shiller. Irrational Exuberance. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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39

Shiller, Robert J. Irrational Exuberance: Revised and Expanded Third Edition. Princeton University Press, 2015.

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40

Irrational Exuberance: Revised and Expanded Third Edition. Princeton University Press, 2016.

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41

Shiller, Robert J. Irrational Exuberance. Princeton University Press, 2001.

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42

Shiller, Robert J. Irrational Exuberance. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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43

Irrational exuberance. Princeton University Press, 2015.

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44

Shiller, Robert J. Irrational Exuberance. Princeton University Press, 2015.

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45

Ferro, Charles J., and Khai Ping Ng. Recommendations for management of high renal risk chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0099.

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Poorer renal function is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. In the wider population this is mainly as a consequence of cardiovascular disease. Renal patients are more likely to progress to end-stage renal disease, but also have high cardiovascular risk. Aiming to reduce both progression of renal impairment and cardiovascular disease are not contradictory. Focusing on the management of high-risk patients with proteinuria and reduced glomerular filtration rates, it is recommended that blood pressure should be kept below 140/90, or 130/80 if proteinuria is > 1 g/24 h (protein:creatinine ratio (PCR) >100 mg/mmol or 0.9 g/g). These targets may be modified according to age and other factors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor antagonists should form part of the therapy for patients with proteinuria > 0.5 g/24 h (PCR > 50 mg/mmol or 0.45 g/g). Use of ACEIs or angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with lower levels of proteinuria may be indicated in some patient groups even in the absence of hypertension, notably in diabetic nephropathy. Evidence that other agents that reduce proteinuria bring additional benefits is weak at present. The best studies of ‘dual-blockade’ with various combinations of ACEIs, ARBs, and renin inhibitors have shown additional hazard with little evidence of additional benefit. Hyperlipidaemia—regardless of lipid levels, statin therapy is indicated in secondary cardiovascular prevention, and in primary prevention where cardiovascular risk is high, noting that current risk estimation tools do not adequately account for the increased risk of patients with CKD. There is not substantial evidence that lipid lowering therapy impacts on average rates of loss of GFR in progressive CKD. Non-drug lifestyle interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk, including stopping smoking, are important for all. Acidosis—in more advanced CKD it is justified to treat acidosis with oral sodium bicarbonate. Diet—sodium restriction to < 100 mmol/day (6 g/day) and avoidance of excessive dietary protein are justified in early to moderate CKD. Recommendations to limit levels of protein to 0.8 g/kg body weight are suggested by some, but additional protective effects of this are likely to be slight in patients who are otherwise well managed. Low-protein diets may carry some risk. Lower-protein diets may however be used to prevent symptoms in advanced CKD not treated by dialysis.

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46

Kahn, S. Lowell. Balloon-Assisted Removal of the Trapped Catheter. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0048.

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Although uncommon, a trapped central venous catheter (CVC) can present a significant problem for the interventionalist and pose considerable risk to the patient. The use of chronic long-term CVCs is on the rise, with an average catheter dwell time of 10 months. Although all CVCs are prone to complications, chronic catheters exhibit a higher rate of complications. Chronic catheters are also at risk of becoming trapped, whereby they cannot be removed by standard technique. A simple, elegant technique to remove a trapped CVC via inserting an angioplasty balloon into the lumen of a stuck catheter has been described, as has a modified technique with inclusion of a hemostatic sheath and a stiff guidewire inserted into the cut catheter to ensure hemostasis, prevent air embolism or endoluminal thrombosis, and avoid injury to the central veins and heart. Examples of both applications are provided in this chapter.

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47

Back, Kerry E. Rational Expectations Equilibria. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0022.

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When differences in beliefs are due to differences in information, investors learn from prices. If there are no risk‐sharing motives for trade, then differences in information do not lead to trade (the no‐trade theorem). Equilibrium prices can fully reveal information, but then there is no incentive to gather information (the Grossman‐Stiglitz paradox). Noisy trades or asset supplies facilitate partially revealing equilibria. In the Grossman‐Stiglitz model and the Hellwig model, prices equal discounted expected values minus a risk premium term that depends on the average precision of investors’ information weighted by their risk tolerances. The chapter explains the mechanics of updating beliefs when fundamentals and signals are normally distributed.

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48

Adams, Zoe, and Simon Deakin. Enterprise Form, Participation, and Performance in Mutuals and Co-operatives. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.16.

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Mutuals and co-operatives have a distinct legal form which sets them apart from commercial companies. This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the governance and performance effects of these differences, showing that it may be misleading to think of workers and customers as the owners of mutual enterprises, and that a more precise focus on the content of voice, income, and control rights in particular organizations is needed in order to assess the implications of different legal structures for economic performance. Empirical evidence suggests that, on average, worker and customer mutuals are more risk-averse and less profitable, but more sustainable, than commercial entities structured as companies limited by share capital. However, the mutual form does not guarantee that the firm is run in a more democratic and participative way. Mutualization, therefore, while useful in some contexts, should not be explored at the cost of wider corporate governance reforms.

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49

Markowitz, H. Flaw of Averages: Why We Underestimate Risk in the Face of Uncertainty. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2012.

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50

Markowitz, H. Flaw of Averages: Why We Underestimate Risk in the Face of Uncertainty. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2012.

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