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Lunardo, Renaud, and Camille Saintives. "How autonomy makes an experience pleasurable: The roles of risk perception and personal control." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 35, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570719828674.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research challenges the notion that autonomy is beneficial for consumers in every situation. Specifically, this research demonstrates across two experiments and one field study that autonomy can lead to pleasure only when risk is low. Importantly, these studies also identify personal control as a mechanism that explains why autonomy makes the consumption experience more or less pleasurable, depending on risk perceptions. In Study 1, we demonstrate that perceived risk moderates the effect that autonomy may have on making the experience pleasurable, with a lack of risk making autonomy increase personal control. Study 2 replicates this moderating effect of risk in a field study. To test if the effects replicate using another type of perceived risk, Study 3 manipulates social risk and replicates its moderating effect on the relationship between autonomy and personal control on the pleasure observed in Studies 1 and 2. Collectively, this research draws attention to the need to consider risk when making consumers autonomous, and it offers novel contributions to the work on consumer autonomy.
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Kang, David S., Jamie M. Anderson, and Paul A. DeBitetto. "Draper unmanned vehicle systems." Robotica 18, no. 3 (May 2000): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574799002246.
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Draper Small Autonomous Aerial Vehicle (DSAAV), MITy and SMART micro-rovers, Companion mini-rover, and Vorticity Control Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (VCUUV) are highlighted. DSAAV demonstrated autonomy with GPS/INS integration and vision processing. The micro- and mini-rovers investigated ground based autonomy with extensive mapping and planning integration. VCUUV is a flexible-hull UUV which propels and maneuvers like a tuna.
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Quang Tran, Duy, and Sang-Hoon Bae. "Proximal Policy Optimization Through a Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Multiple Autonomous Vehicles at a Non-Signalized Intersection." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 5722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advanced deep reinforcement learning shows promise as an approach to addressing continuous control tasks, especially in mixed-autonomy traffic. In this study, we present a deep reinforcement-learning-based model that considers the effectiveness of leading autonomous vehicles in mixed-autonomy traffic at a non-signalized intersection. This model integrates the Flow framework, the simulation of urban mobility simulator, and a reinforcement learning library. We also propose a set of proximal policy optimization hyperparameters to obtain reliable simulation performance. First, the leading autonomous vehicles at the non-signalized intersection are considered with varying autonomous vehicle penetration rates that range from 10% to 100% in 10% increments. Second, the proximal policy optimization hyperparameters are input into the multiple perceptron algorithm for the leading autonomous vehicle experiment. Finally, the superiority of the proposed model is evaluated using all human-driven vehicle and leading human-driven vehicle experiments. We demonstrate that full-autonomy traffic can improve the average speed and delay time by 1.38 times and 2.55 times, respectively, compared with all human-driven vehicle experiments. Our proposed method generates more positive effects when the autonomous vehicle penetration rate increases. Additionally, the leading autonomous vehicle experiment can be used to dissipate the stop-and-go waves at a non-signalized intersection.
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Fauzi, C., B. Basikin, Sh Duisenbayeva, and G. Kassymova. "EXPLORING EFL STUDENT TEACHERS READINESS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES OF LEARNER AUTONOMY." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (February 15, 2020): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite its importance for successful English as a Foreign Language (EFL) language learning and the abundance of scientific works of learner autonomy, this construct has not received decent attention in the Indonesian context. Further, gender differences in learner autonomy as an essential variable that has not been well-researched were also included in this study. The authors conducted a mix-method study to explore the fourth-year student teachers’ conceptualization, attitudes, and readiness for learning autonomy by employing a 43 items questionnaire survey adapted from Karabiyik (2008) to a total of 120 participants (156 male and 164 female) and interview questions to 6 volunteers. The qualitative data implied that the participants had an insufficient understanding of learner autonomy even though they exhibited a positive attitude towards this construct. The overall results of quantitative data suggested that the student teachers were not ready for learner autonomy indicated by the tendency to teacher-centered teaching which might be accounted for by low proficiency in English reflected by low engagement virtually in the majority of the autonomous learning activities. Furthermore, in terms of gender differences in learner autonomy, the t-test results demonstrated that no significant differences between male and female student teachers in terms of the responsibilities of autonomous learning, decision-making abilities, and engagement of autonomous learning outside the class. However, a significant difference was found between genders and engagement in autonomous activities in class which favored male students than their female counterparts suggesting that the male students performed more than male students in asking questions to teachers and taking opportunities to practice their English with their peers. The authors concluded that the student teachers were not ready for autonomous learning even though they had a positive attitude. Thus, the authors recommended the teachers to implement teaching methods, for instance, Project-Based Learning which might help to promote learner autonomy in the Indonesian context.
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Dalpe, Allisa J., May-Win L. Thein, and Martin Renken. "PERFORM: A Metric for Evaluating Autonomous System Performance in Marine Testbed Environments Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 11940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trust and confidence in autonomous behavior is required to send autonomous vehicles into operational missions. The authors introduce the Performance Evaluation and Review Framework Of Robotic Missions (PERFORM), a framework to enable a rigorous and replicable autonomy test environment, thereby filling the void between that of merely simulating autonomy and that of completing true field missions. A generic architecture for defining the missions under test is proposed and a unique Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic approach is used as the foundation for the mathematically rigorous autonomy evaluation framework. The test environment is designed to aid in (1) new technology development (i.e., providing direct comparisons and quantitative evaluations between autonomy algorithms), (2) the validation of the performance of specific autonomous platforms, and (3) the selection of the appropriate robotic platform(s) for a given mission type (e.g., for surveying, surveillance, search and rescue). Three case studies are presented to apply the metric to various test scenarios. Results demonstrate the flexibility of the technique with the ability to tailor tests to the user’s design requirements accounting for different priorities related to acceptable risks and goals of a given mission.
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Nanavati, Suketu H., Robert J. Bulgarelli, Jose Vazquez-Tanus, Samanwoy Ghosh-Dastidar, Joe Colombo, and Rohit R. Arora. "Altered Autonomic Activity with Atrial Fibrillation as Demonstrated by Non-invasive Autonomic Monitoring." US Cardiology Review 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/usc.2010.7.1.47.
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Maharmeh, Mahmoud. "Understanding critical care nurses’ autonomy in Jordan." Leadership in Health Services 30, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-10-2016-0047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe Jordanian critical care nurses’ experiences of autonomy in their clinical practice. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive correlational design was applied using a self-reported cross-sectional survey. A total of 110 registered nurses who met the eligibility criteria participated in this study. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Findings A majority of critical care nurses were autonomous in their decision-making and participation in decisions to take action in their clinical settings. Also, they were independent to develop their own knowledge. The study identified that their autonomy in action and acquired knowledge were influenced by a number of factors such as gender and area of practice. Practical implications Nurse’s autonomy could be increased if nurses are made aware of the current level of autonomy and explore new ways to increase empowerment. This could be offered through classroom lectures that concentrate on the concept of autonomy and its implication in practice. Nurses should demonstrate autonomous nursing care at the same time in the clinical practice. This could be done through collaboration between educators and clinical practice to help merge theory to practice. Originality/value Critical care nurses were more autonomous in action and knowledge base. This may negatively affect the quality of patient care and nurses’ job satisfaction. Therefore, improving nurses’ clinical decision-making autonomy could be done by the support of both hospital administrators and nurses themselves.
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Schrell, U., M. Buchfelder, J. Hensen, J. Wendler, M. Gramatzki, F. Wolf, and W. Becker. "Somatostatin Receptor Expression in the Thyroid Demonstrated with 111In-Octreotide Scintigraphy." Nuklearmedizin 34, no. 03 (1995): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629763.
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SummaryNeuroendocrine tumors with somatostatin receptor expression may be localized by 111ln-octreotide scintigraphy. This study examines those thyroid conditions where 111 ln-octreotide uptake could be observed also in the thyroid gland. 26 consecutive patients who underwent 111 ln-octreotide scintigraphy for tumor localization were additionally examined for thyroid disease by sonography and 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy. 12 of these patients had no significant thyroid uptake and had an euthyroid normal-sized thyroid gland. 14 patiens with 111ln thyroid uptakes had endemic goiters, two of them with thyroid autonomy and one with Graves’ disease. Thus, 111 ln-octreotide thyroid uptake was predominantly seen in patients with endemic goiter with or without thyroid autonomy.
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Belous, Ju А., and A. S. Tarasov. "FACTORS OF CENTRIFUGAL POLITICAL TENDENCIES IN SPAIN: A QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 15, no. 1 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2021-1-45-56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this article is to analyze the centrifugal tendencies in 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain by demonstrating that certain differences in the configurations of factors have led to varying degrees of the loss of autonomy. The main conclusion is that for the configurations leading to less autonomy, there is a low level of economic development, a low volume of EU funding, and an absence of local languages as a factor of identity. The cases of Andalusia, Asturias, and Galicia are of particular importance in these configurations. For the configurations that lead to greater autonomy, two patterns are identified. The first group (Catalonia and the Basque Country) demonstrates a link between centrifugal tendencies and three conditions: the existence of regionalist parties in the parliaments of Autonomous Communities (AC), a high level of economic development and a high level of identification with a regional language. The second group of cases (Valencia and the Canary Islands) demonstrates the added importance of funding under the EU regional policy programs for the period from 2014 to 2020. The scientific novelty of the article lies in its analysis of the dynamics of centrifugal tendencies in Spain via crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA).
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Alonazi, Saleema M. "The Role of Teachers in Promoting Learner Autonomy in Secondary Schools in Saudi Arabia." English Language Teaching 10, no. 7 (June 11, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, learner autonomy is considered as a desirable goal in language education. The movement towards learner-centered approaches has resulted in more emphasis on the benefits of learner autonomy in the success of language education. The objective of the study was to investigate the roles of the teachers in promoting learner autonomy in Saudi EFL secondary school, with emphasis on the important roles of the facilitator, counselor, resource and manager. A survey questionnaire was used in this study to elicit the responses of 60 EFL teachers in Riyadh during the academic year 2015-2016. The findings of this study revealed that English language teachers often encouraged autonomous learners in their classrooms. They usually implemented different teaching strategies, which demonstrated the four roles: facilitator, counselor, resource and manager. Moreover, the findings showed that teachers were hindered by some difficulties including learners’ lack of independent learning skills, rules and regulations applied in schools, and teachers’ lack of basic strategies to encourage autonomous learning. Furthermore, the teachers believed that approaches such as teachers’ continuous reflection and analysis of their own teaching process, reducing the school rules that restrict the teachers’ independence, and offering teachers with professional development programs on learner autonomy can be helpful in developing both learner and teacher autonomy.
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Yeung, Marine. "Exploring the Construct of Learner Autonomy in Writing: The Roles of Motivation and the Teacher." English Language Teaching 9, no. 8 (June 26, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n8p122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Learner autonomy is widely recognized as a desirable educational goal in second language contexts. However, the lack of domain-specificity in research related to learner autonomy, compounded with the diverse views on its connotations, makes it difficult to either nurture or measure. This paper reports on a study that explored the construct of learner autonomy in the area of writing using quantitative data collected in the naturalistic settings of three secondary school classrooms in Hong Kong. In this study, learner autonomy was proposed as a construct consisting of autonomous attitudes including motivation, self-confidence and independence from the teacher, and autonomous skills embracing strategy use and metacognitive knowledge. A questionnaire was designed accordingly to measure changes in the participants after a writing programme that adopted the process writing approach, the potential of which in fostering traits of learner autonomy had been demonstrated in previous studies and was further explored in this study. Findings gathered through factor analysis on the questionnaire data, followed by a paired-sample t-test to investigate changes in the participants after the writing programme, suggest that a degree of independence from the teacher may possibly be a prerequisite for autonomy development in terms of writing skills, while motivation may have a more important role to play in its subsequent development.</p>
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Linh, Nguyen Thi Thuy, and Phuong Hoang Yen Yen. "EFL Teachers' Strategies and Challenges 5n Promoting High School Students’ Autonomy 5n Vocabulary Learning A Qualitative Study." European Journal of Education and Pedagogy 3, no. 5 (September 4, 2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2022.3.5.439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Learner autonomy is now regarded as a desirable objective in language teaching. The movement towards learner-centered approaches has resulted in more emphasis on the benefits of learner autonomy in the success of language education. The objective of the study was to identify ELT teachers’ strategies and challenges in promoting EFL high school students’ autonomy in vocabulary learning. A qualitative interview was undertaken to seek the results. The findings of this study revealed that English language teachers frequently promoted autonomous learners in their classrooms. They usually implemented different teaching strategies, which can be categorized into three groups involving students in a student-centered atmosphere; playing various roles in the classroom; and equipping students with the strategies to learn vocabulary. Additionally, the results demonstrated that teachers faced challenges such as learners' lack of independent learning abilities, rules and regulations implemented in schools, and teachers' lack of fundamental ways to promote autonomous learning. Teachers, students, school stakeholders, and curriculum designers can all benefit from the findings. Finally, it is hoped that the proposed pedagogical implications will contribute to the innovation of promoting learner autonomy in vocabulary learning in the context of high school in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam.
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TESALIA VALCÁRCEL BUSTOS, Mónica. "Competencias y reconocimiento de derechos de las personas vulnerables: sanidad, vivienda y derechos fundamentales." RVAP 111, no. 111 (August 30, 2018): 341–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.111.2018.10.
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LABURPENA: Lan honen xedea da erakustea Konstituzio Auzitegiak, gai batzuen inguruko eskumen gatazkak ebaztean, ez duela kontuan hartu nazioarteko auzitegiek egin duten interpretazioa giza eskubide batzuen edukiari buruz. Eskubide horiek lotura estua dute gizarte eskubideekin edo gizarte eta ekonomia politikaren printzipio zuzentzaileekin. Eskubide horiek babestu eta gauzatzea autonomia erkidegoei dagokie, beren autonomia estatutuek aitortzen dizkien eskumenen arabera. Adibidez, osasunerako sorospenak zerikusia dauka tratu txar, anker, umiliagarri eta jasangaitzik ez jasotzeko eskubideekin eta baita bizitza eskubidearekin ere; etxebizitza duinerako eskubideak ere harreman estua dauka bizitza pribatu eta familiarrerako eskubidearekin. Hortaz, artikuluak zera proposatzen du: Konstituzio Auzitegiak proportzionaltasun printzipioa aplikatu behar du, beharrizanezko, premiazko edo gizarte-bazterketako egoera batean dauden pertsonen eskubideak eta bideragarritasun ekonomikoa neurtuz. Halaber, planteatzen da Autonomia Erkidegoen eskumenak aintzat hartzea etxebizitza edo gizarte sorospenari buruzko gaietan. Halaber, planteatzen da Autonomia Erkidegoen eskumenak aintzat hartzea etxebizitza edo gizarte sorospenari buruzko gaietan. RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene por objeto demostrar que, al resolver los conflictos de competencias en determinadas materias, el Tribunal Constitucional no ha tenido en cuenta la interpretación que han realizado tribunales internacionales sobre el contenido de determinados derechos humanos. Estos se encuentran íntimamente vinculados a derechos sociales o principios rectores de la política social y económica, cuya salvaguarda o satisfacción corresponde a las comunidades autónomas en virtud de sus competencias reconocidas por los estatutos de autonomía. Por ejemplo, la asistencia sanitaria está relacionada con el derecho a no recibir tratos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes o, incluso, con el derecho a la vida; el derecho a la vivienda digna también es inherente a la vida privada y familiar. Así, el artículo propone que el Tribunal Constitucional aplique el principio de proporcionalidad ponderando los derechos de las personas que se encuentran en una situación de necesidad, emergencia o exclusión social, así como la viabilidad económica para garantizarlos. Asimismo, se plantea tomar en consideración las competencias de las comunidades autónomas en materias como la asistencia social o la vivienda. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that, in resolving conflicts of jurisdiction regarding certain matters, the Constitutional Court has not taken into account the interpretation that international courts have made on the content of certain human rights. These are closely linked to social rights or guiding principles of social and economic policy, whose safeguard or satisfaction corresponds to the Autonomous Communities by virtue of their competences recognized by the Statutes of Autonomy. For example, health care is related to the right not to receive cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or, even, to the right to life; the right to decent housing is also inherent to private and family life. Thus, the article proposes that the Constitutional Court should apply the principle of proportionality by balancing the rights of individuals in a situation of need, emergency or social exclusion, as well as their economic viability in order to guarantee them. It also considers taking into consideration the competences of the Autonomous Communities in matters such as social assistance or housing.
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Simon, T., and K. Rajewsky. "Antibody domain mutants demonstrate autonomy of the antigen binding site." EMBO Journal 9, no. 4 (April 1990): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08209.x.
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Mostafa, Salama A., Mohd Sharifuddin Ahmad, Aida Mustapha, and Mazin Abed Mohammed. "Formulating layered adjustable autonomy for unmanned aerial vehicles." International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 10, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 430–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijicc-02-2017-0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a layered adjustable autonomy (LAA) as a dynamically adjustable autonomy model for a multi-agent system. It is mainly used to efficiently manage humans’ and agents’ shared control of autonomous systems and maintain humans’ global control over the agents. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply the LAA model in an agent-based autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system. The UAV system implementation consists of two parts: software and hardware. The software part represents the controller and the cognitive, and the hardware represents the computing machinery and the actuator of the UAV system. The UAV system performs three experimental scenarios of dance, surveillance and search missions. The selected scenarios demonstrate different behaviors in order to create a suitable test plan and ensure significant results. Findings The results of the UAV system tests prove that segregating the autonomy of a system as multi-dimensional and adjustable layers enables humans and/or agents to perform actions at convenient autonomy levels. Hence, reducing the adjustable autonomy drawbacks of constraining the autonomy of the agents, increasing humans’ workload and exposing the system to disturbances. Originality/value The application of the LAA model in a UAV manifests the significance of implementing dynamic adjustable autonomy. Assessing the autonomy within three phases of agents run cycle (task-selection, actions-selection and actions-execution) is an original idea that aims to direct agents’ autonomy toward performance competency. The agents’ abilities are well exploited when an incompetent agent switches with a more competent one.
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MARSH, PENNY, F. CHRISTY MCFARLAND, JOSEPH P. ALLEN, KATHLEEN BOYKIN MCELHANEY, and DEBORAH LAND. "Attachment, autonomy, and multifinality in adolescent internalizing and risky behavioral symptoms." Development and Psychopathology 15, no. 2 (June 2003): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579403000245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A diathesis-stress interaction model is used to describe multifinality in adolescent internalizing and risky behavioral outcomes. Problematic behavior associated with adolescent insecure preoccupation (a diathesis) was expected to interact with the level of maternal autonomous discourse (a stressor) to predict specific adolescent outcomes. Assessments of adolescent preoccupied attachment organization, observations of maternal displays of autonomy in mother–adolescent interactions, and adolescent reports of internalizing symptoms and risky behaviors were obtained at age 16. As predicted, maternal autonomy in the mother–adolescent relationship helped to explain multifinality in dysfunctional symptoms among preoccupied adolescents. Adolescent preoccupation was more strongly linked to internalizing behavior when mothers demonstrated low levels of autonomy in interactions with their adolescents and more strongly linked to risky behavior when mothers displayed extremely high levels of autonomy. Implications for autonomy processes in increasing our understanding of how adolescent insecure–preoccupation relates to profiles of specific problems during adolescence are discussed as is the importance of exploring the role of attachment in different contexts.
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Fagogenis, G., M. Mencattelli, Z. Machaidze, B. Rosa, K. Price, F. Wu, V. Weixler, M. Saeed, J. E. Mayer, and P. E. Dupont. "Autonomous robotic intracardiac catheter navigation using haptic vision." Science Robotics 4, no. 29 (April 24, 2019): eaaw1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aaw1977.
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Although all minimally invasive procedures involve navigating from a small incision in the skin to the site of the intervention, it has not been previously demonstrated how this can be performed autonomously. To show that autonomous navigation is possible, we investigated it in the hardest place to do it—inside the beating heart. We created a robotic catheter that can navigate through the blood-filled heart using wall-following algorithms inspired by positively thigmotactic animals. The catheter uses haptic vision, a hybrid sense using imaging for both touch-based surface identification and force sensing, to accomplish wall following inside the blood-filled heart. Through in vivo animal experiments, we demonstrate that the performance of an autonomously controlled robotic catheter rivaled that of an experienced clinician. Autonomous navigation is a fundamental capability on which more sophisticated levels of autonomy can be built, e.g., to perform a procedure. Similar to the role of automation in a fighter aircraft, such capabilities can free the clinician to focus on the most critical aspects of the procedure while providing precise and repeatable tool motions independent of operator experience and fatigue.
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Pena, Maria, Jared Carrillo, Nonna Milyavskaya, and Thomas Chan. "Human Factors Linked with Initial and Continuous Trust in Autonomous Systems: A Literature Review." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2485.
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Abstract Many autonomous systems are being developed to assist older adults to age in place. However, there is little research related to the human factors associated with why older adults may initially and continuously trust these autonomous systems. More research in this area on older adults and trust in autonomy is needed to facilitate the technologies better everyday use. The current study conducted a literature review on the prevalent human factors that enable people to trust their interactions with smart technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, navigational structures). Articles were collected from various disciplines on concepts such as trust in autonomy, human-computer interactions and teamwork. Thematic analysis revealed two convergent areas that were associated with initial and continuous trust: human and technological characteristics. Human characteristics are defined by a person’s ability to understand and use autonomous systems. Generally, people with higher competency and abilities with autonomous systems demonstrated the ease of use to carry out desired actions with smart technology. Technological characteristics are defined by the system’s performance, explainability, and its intended purpose between trust. Essentially, people were less critical of autonomous systems that were perceived to be useful, transparent, and predictable. Overall, the autonomous system's ability to perform its intended purpose and the users knowledge and technical qualifications dominate the relationship between initial and continuous trust with autonomous systems. These are the prevalent factors that need to be considered for the creation of trusted autonomous technologies for older adults to help them age in the approaching more advanced technological world.
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Roe, Jasper, and Dr Mike Perkins. "Learner Autonomy in the Vietnamese EAP Context." Asian Journal of University Education 16, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i1.8490.
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: This literature review explores the current body of research pertaining to learner autonomy in the Vietnamese English for Academic Purposes (EAP) context, investigating themes and research methodologies, conclusions drawn, limitations and possible avenues for further study and new research directions in the future. We demonstrate that although there are many studies exploring the concept of learner autonomy, the definitions as to how this term is described is not clear throughout the literature, and this is a limitation in the current research field. In addition to this, there is significant evidence suggesting that Vietnamese EAP learners are keen to engage in autonomous learning practices and can demonstrate the self-regulation required to do so, which disagrees with traditional conceptions of Confucian heritage culture learning approaches.
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Xi, Tao, Jian Cheng Li, and Wei Quan Pan. "Nonlinear Adaptive Feedback Control for Spacecraft Proximity Formation Flying." Applied Mechanics and Materials 376 (August 2013): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.446.
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Spacecraft proximity formation flying is essential for future autonomous space mission such as autonomous rendezvous and docking and assembly of space system on-orbit. In order to improve the autonomy of relative motion control between two spacecrafts and concerning the effect of perturbation by bounded uncertain disturbance, a novel nonlinear adaptive feedback controller is developed based on sliding mode control law to maintain the desired reference trajectory as precisely as possible. The simulation results demonstrate the control scheme can effectively carry out the relative motion maintenance and have better asymptotically stability.
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Öztürk, Gökhan. "Fostering Learner Autonomy among Pre-Service EFL Teachers: A Mixed-Method Study." International Journal of Educational Psychology 8, no. 3 (October 24, 2019): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/ijep.2019.4427.
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This study reports on the process how pre-service EFL teachers developed as autonomous learners during a 14-week period in a Turkish higher education context. The participants included 25 freshman pre-service teachers, 11 males and 14 females, studying at an English language teacher education program of a state university. A course, specifically designed to improve students’ autonomy was taken by the participants and multiple forms of data collection tools were employed throughout the study. The Autonomous Learning Scale (ALS) developed by Macaskill and Taylor (2010) was used at the beginning and the end of the course, the participants were asked to write reflection reports and they were also interviewed at the end of the process. The findings demonstrated a significant change in the autonomy level of participants, specifically a dramatic change in their independence of learning. Besides, it was found that being more aware of the self, taking charge of their own learning and changing perspectives towards the notion of learning were the biggest gains of the process for the participants. In line with literature, the findings were discussed and several suggestions were made on how to integrate autonomy practices into teacher education programs.
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Bayern, Shawn. "The Implications of Modern Business–Entity Law for the Regulation of Autonomous Systems." European Journal of Risk Regulation 7, no. 2 (June 2016): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00005729.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nonhuman autonomous systems are not legal persons under current law. The history of organizational law, however, demonstrates that agreements can, with increasing degrees of autonomy, direct the actions of legal persons. Agreements are isomorphic with algorithms; that is, a legally enforceable agreement can give legal effect to the arbitrary discernible states of an algorithm or other process. As a result, autonomous systems may end up being able, at least, to emulate many of the private–law rights of legal persons. This essay demonstrates a technique by which this is possible by means of limited liability companies (LLCs), a very flexible modern type of business organization. The techniques that this essay describes are not just futuristic possibilities; as this essay argues, they are already possible under current law.
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Tilga, Henri, Hanna Kalajas-Tilga, Vello Hein, Lennart Raudsepp, and Andre Koka. "How does perceived autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviour in physical education relate to adolescents’ leisure-time physical activity participation?" Kinesiology 52, no. 2 (2020): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.52.2.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In line with the tenets of self-determination theory, the current study tested associations of perceived autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviour from PE teacher with adolescents’ leisure-time physical activity (LT PA) participation, and the role of need satisfaction and need frustration, autonomous motivation and controlled motivation in PE, and perceived effort towards LT PA as mediators of these associations. Adolescents (N=381) aged between 12 and 15 years completed self-reported measures of respective constructs. Results of the structural equation modelling demonstrated that perceived autonomy-supportive behaviour from PE teachers was related to adolescents’ LT PA participation only via experiences of need satisfaction and autonomous motivation in PE, and perceived effort towards LT PA. Perceived controlling behaviour from PE teachers was found to be related to adolescents’ LT PA participation only via experiences of need frustration and controlled motivation in PE, and perceived effort towards LT PA. The current study provided evidence that perceived autonomy-supportive behaviour and perceived controlling behaviour from PE teachers contributes to adolescents’ LT PA participation through unique pathways. Findings highlight the facilitative role of autonomy-supportive behaviour from teachers in a PE context on adolescents’ LT PA participation. In addition, the beneficial role of controlled motivation in PE, although instigated by students’ perceptions of controlling behaviour from teachers and experiences of need frustration in PE, on adolescents’ LT PA participation was supported.
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Barak, Oren, and Dan Miodownik. "Military Autonomy and Balancing in Political Crises: Lessons From the Middle East." Armed Forces & Society 47, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x19861738.
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This article argues that autonomous militaries can play a balancing role during major internal political crises. However, when militaries’ autonomy is curtailed by political leaders before the crisis, militaries cannot maintain the political balance between rulers and opponents, thereby increasing the risk of armed conflict. The article first explains the main concepts relevant to the discussion (autonomy, political crisis, balancing role), exploring their possible interlinkages and presenting several hypotheses. Subsequently, it discusses four relevant cases from the Middle East before and during the Arab revolts of 2010–2011: Egypt in 2011 and Lebanon in 1958, which demonstrate the balancing capacities of autonomous militaries during major political crises, and Lebanon in 1975 and Syria in 2011, which reveal that nonautonomous militaries cannot play a balancing role in such circumstances. The article concludes with several observations regarding the military’s balancing role during major internal political crises in divided and homogenous states.
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De Winter, Joris, Ilias EI Makrini, Greet Van de Perre, Ann Nowé, Tom Verstraten, and Bram Vanderborght. "Autonomous assembly planning of demonstrated skills with reinforcement learning in simulation." Autonomous Robots 45, no. 8 (October 16, 2021): 1097–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10514-021-10020-x.
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WRIGHT, J. J. "CORTICAL PHASE TRANSITIONS: PROPERTIES DEMONSTRATED IN CONTINUUM SIMULATIONS AT MESOSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC SCALES." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 05, no. 01 (March 2009): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005709001210.
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Continuum simulations of cortical dynamics permit consistent simulations to be performed at different spatial scales, using scale-adjusted parameter values. Properties of the simulations described here accord with Freeman's experimental and theoretical findings on gamma synchrony, phase transition, phase cones, and null spikes. State equations include effects of retrograde action potential propagation into dendritic trees, and kinetics of AMPA, GABA, and NMDA receptors. Realistic field potentials and pulse rates, gamma resonance and oscillation, and 1/f2 background activity are obtained. Zero-lag synchrony and traveling waves occur as complementary aspects of cortical transmission, and lead/lag relations between excitatory and inhibitory cell populations vary systematically around transition to autonomous gamma oscillation. Autonomous gamma is initiated by focal excitation of excitatory cells and suppressed by laterally spreading trans-cortical excitation. By implication, patches of cortex excited to gamma oscillation can mutually synchronize into larger fields, self-organized into sequences by mutual negative feedback relations, while the sequence of synchronous fields is regulated both by cortical/subcortical interactions and by traveling waves in the cortex — the latter observable as phase cones. At a critical level of cortical excitation, just before transition to autonomous gamma, patches of cortex exhibit selective sensitivity to action potential pulse trains modulated in the gamma band, while autonomous gamma releases pulse trains modulated in the same band, implying coupling of input and output modes. Transition between input and output modes may be heralded by phase slips and null spikes. Synaptic segregation by retrograde action potential propagation implies state-specific synaptic information storage.
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Bieri, S. "Swiss Federalism: Problems of Interdependence and the Role of the Cantons." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 3 (September 1989): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070353.
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In this paper the position of federalism in Switzerland is discussed and the restrictions of cantonal autonomy are demonstrated. There are a number of different kinds of difficulties involved in doing this. Owing to a strong socioeconomic interdependence across regions and the related interlocking of policymaking it is especially difficult to reach an allocation of tasks which allows for autonomous actions by the cantons. Institutional reforms are possible, mainly in fiscal federalism, but some scale problems cannot be solved.
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Liu, Jixin, and Xiaoting Li. "Application of Interactive Autonomous Learning Mode to Teach College English Writing." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 5, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol5.iss5.702.
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Writing is usually considered as an individual activity, emphasizing the result instead of the process in which students undergo to reach the final goal. However, writing process is of great importance to the students. In the writing process, they can develop writing competence and learner autonomy through interaction. Thus, this thesis intends to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying Interactive Autonomous Learning Mode to writing instruction in college classroom setting.
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Huck, Adam. "Hierarchical discourse in elementary social studies: a teacher's view of decision-making." Social Studies Research and Practice 15, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-01-2020-0004.
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PurposeAs school districts continue to devalue social studies through a narrowed focus on English language arts (ELA) and mathematics, this study investigated elements of curricular control in a district lacking a formal, purchased curricular program in the elementary grades. Without prescribed and scripted lessons, it was hypothesized that teacher autonomy would allow greater opportunities to investigate social studies concepts and skills.Design/methodology/approachWithout prescribed and scripted lessons, it was hypothesized that teacher autonomy would allow greater opportunities to investigate social studies concepts and skills. Bernstein's theory of pedagogic discourse guided this study's analysis of power and control. This manuscript describes a micro-level discourse analysis that applies Gee's tools on interview data from two teachers.FindingsFindings demonstrate some opportunities for teacher autonomy, but hierarchical control from administration persists and influences teacher decision-making. As researchers continue to argue for the increased presence of elementary social studies, this study demonstrates that the lack of a formal scripted curricular program presents opportunities for teachers, but administrative control endures and hinders teacher autonomy and instructional decision-making.Research limitations/implicationsThe data size and number of participants in this study may present limitations that impact generalizability. However, the focus for this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the messaging from two teachers. Comparability and translatability were identified as factors for research design to establish legitimacy (LeCompte and Preissle, 1993).Practical implicationsWhen considering implications from this study, two elements are considered. First, the continued devaluation of social studies persists, despite the implementation of Common Core standards. As a result, other measures must be investigated and implemented to ensure the subject is elevated to a more prominent position representative of its importance to a democracy. To accomplish this goal, teacher input and autonomy must also be respected to ensure a quality curriculum is utilized in the classroom. While teachers may exert control, albeit limited, in their instructional decision-making, many others are reliant on purchased programs that do not allow even this narrow classroom influence.Originality/valueIn this study, teachers' language use demonstrated external administrative control as well as autonomous decision-making. Their assigned schedule privileged ELA and math through the allocation of time. Moreover, administrators stated that social studies is not a priority, a sentiment counter to participants' values. Therefore, while they recognized the inherent benefit of the subject to their students, hierarchical power controlled the classification and framing of instruction. A weakened classification and framing structure must be sought to allow more opportunities for purposeful integration of content through messaging systems that are more responsive to students' needs.
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Murphy, Stephen L., and Richard P. Steel. "P-Curve analysis of autonomous and controlling motivation priming effects supports their evidential value." Motivation and Emotion 46, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09919-w.
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AbstractExtant literature consistently demonstrates the level of self-determination individuals experience or demonstrate during an activity can be primed. However, considering most of this literature comes from a period wherein p-hacking was prevalent (pre-2015), it may be that these effects reflect false positives. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether published literature showing autonomous and controlling motivation priming effects contain evidential value or not. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant priming research, while set rules determined which effects from each study would be used in p-curve analysis. Two p-curves including 33 effects each were constructed. P-curve analyses, even after excluding surprising effects (e.g., effects large in magnitude), demonstrated that literature showing autonomous and controlling motivation priming effects contained evidential value. The present findings support prior literature suggesting the effects of autonomous and controlling motivation primes exist at the population level. They also reduce (but do not eliminate) concerns from broader psychology that p-hacking may underlie reported effects.
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Alharbi, Noof S. "The Effect of Virtual Classes on Promoting Saudi EFL Students' Autonomous Learning." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 13, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 1115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1305.26.
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The current study aims to explore the effect of virtual classes on promoting autonomous learning of Saudi EFL students in the PYP Year Program (PYP). Data were collected through an online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Two hundred eighty female undergraduate Saudi students in the PYP completed the questionnaire voluntarily. Fifteen English language instructors voluntarily agreed to be interviewed. The result of the study indicated that 64% of students demonstrated a high level of autonomous learning in virtual EFL classes. However, 36% of students showed an average level of autonomous learning in doing assignments, self-motivation, accelerating learning, and willingness to learn. Furthermore, the results show that students' level of autonomy in virtual classes depends on factors such as lack of motivation, constructive feedback, and students' educational culture. Additionally, the study provides some guidelines to help instructors implement autonomous learning in EFL virtual classes. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research are provided.
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Senft, Emmanuel, Séverin Lemaignan, Paul E. Baxter, Madeleine Bartlett, and Tony Belpaeme. "Teaching robots social autonomy from in situ human guidance." Science Robotics 4, no. 35 (October 23, 2019): eaat1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aat1186.
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Striking the right balance between robot autonomy and human control is a core challenge in social robotics, in both technical and ethical terms. On the one hand, extended robot autonomy offers the potential for increased human productivity and for the off-loading of physical and cognitive tasks. On the other hand, making the most of human technical and social expertise, as well as maintaining accountability, is highly desirable. This is particularly relevant in domains such as medical therapy and education, where social robots hold substantial promise, but where there is a high cost to poorly performing autonomous systems, compounded by ethical concerns. We present a field study in which we evaluate SPARC (supervised progressively autonomous robot competencies), an innovative approach addressing this challenge whereby a robot progressively learns appropriate autonomous behavior from in situ human demonstrations and guidance. Using online machine learning techniques, we demonstrate that the robot could effectively acquire legible and congruent social policies in a high-dimensional child-tutoring situation needing only a limited number of demonstrations while preserving human supervision whenever desirable. By exploiting human expertise, our technique enables rapid learning of autonomous social and domain-specific policies in complex and nondeterministic environments. Last, we underline the generic properties of SPARC and discuss how this paradigm is relevant to a broad range of difficult human-robot interaction scenarios.
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Agrawal, Akash, Sung Jun Won, Tushar Sharma, Mayuri Deshpande, and Christopher McComb. "A MULTI-AGENT REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING WITH AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOTS." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.17.
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AbstractIntelligent manufacturing (IM) embraces Industry 4.0 design principles to advance autonomy and increase manufacturing efficiency. However, many IM systems are created ad hoc, which limits the potential for generalizable design principles and operational guidelines. This work offers a standardizing framework for integrated job scheduling and navigation control in an autonomous mobile robot driven shop floor, an increasingly common IM paradigm. We specifically propose a multi-agent framework involving mobile robots, machines, humans. Like any cyberphysical system, the performance of IM systems is influenced by the construction of the underlying software platforms and the choice of the constituent algorithms. In this work, we demonstrate the use of reinforcement learning on a sub-system of the proposed framework and test its effectiveness in a dynamic scenario. The case study demonstrates collaboration amongst robots to maximize throughput and safety on the shop floor. Moreover, we observe nuanced behavior, including the ability to autonomously compensate for processing delays, and machine and robot failures in real time.
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SANYAL, BISHWAPRIYA. "NGOs' Self-Defeating Quest for Autonomy." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 554, no. 1 (November 1997): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716297554001002.
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The current discussion about nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) rests on the key assumptions that (1) to be effective, NGOs must be autonomous of both state and market institutions, and (2) NGOs' autonomy is best protected and nurtured by avoiding institutional linkages with state and market institutions. This article demonstrates that the quest for autonomy hurts the NGOs' effectiveness instead of strengthening it, particularly in the case of NGOs engaged in poverty-alleviation efforts in developing countries. The article concludes by recommending that NGOs work closely with market and state institutions, cleverly crafting institutional strategies that would provide access to resources controlled by these dominant institutions without jeopardizing NGOs' ability to chart their own destiny.
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Ma, Lanssie Mingyue, and Karen M. Feigh. "Jumpstarting Modelling Systems Design: A Generalized Xml Abstraction Of Simulation Model." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601665.
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While many complex models and simulations exist, tools to help evaluate the structure of work between humans and autonomous systems are underdeveloped. There is a need to understand what concepts of operations and function allocations of system(s) imply about the system' efficiency and outcome. In this paper, we define key elements necessary to capture in an abstraction schematic, a formal representation, of “work” for simulation systems, implemented with an example simulation system, Work Models that Compute (WMC5). This generalization has many applications in evaluating the understanding key cognitive domains in autonomy, coherency, function allocation, and more. We provide a simple methodology to generate an abstraction schematic for simulations and walk through building such a schematic for a simulation. This system creates a template (e.g. defining skeletons classes, objects, and methods) for programmers to further develop. This paper demonstrates the importance of abstraction schematics for model evaluation through several examples applications of the schematic to drastically reduce workflow for developing WMC5 code, and further investigate the model through graph network structures. Abstraction schemas, as we demonstrate, are simple to develop, useful for evaluating system structure, and help validate interactions between agents and autonomous systems. Abstraction schemas jumpstart system designers in developing models of work prior to simulation development.
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Tang, Wei Hua, Kun Tai Lee, Wei Chung Tsai, and Wen Ter Lai. "AUTONOMIC NERVE MODULATION DEMONSTRATED BY TILT TABLE TEST IN PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57, no. 14 (April 2011): E84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(11)60084-3.
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H. Liu, I., Kun T. Lee, and Wen T. Lai. "Autonomic Nerve Modulation Demonstrated by Tilt Table Test in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation." Journal of Arrhythmia 27, Supplement (2011): PE3_035. http://dx.doi.org/10.4020/jhrs.27.pe3_035.
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Yeom, Hyun-E., and Jungmin Lee. "Impact of Autonomy Support on the Association between Personal Control, Healthy Behaviors, and Psychological Well-Being among Patients with Hypertension and Cardiovascular Comorbidities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 4132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074132.
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A sense of control and autonomy are key components in guiding health-related behaviors and quality of life in people with chronic diseases. This study investigated whether autonomy support from health professionals moderates the impact of personal control on psychological well-being through healthy behaviors in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities. Data from 149 hypertensive patients with comorbid cardiovascular risk factors were collected via self-administered surveys. A moderated mediation effect of a hypothesized model was analyzed using the PROCESS macro bootstrapping method. Autonomy support from health professionals moderated the relationship between personal control and healthy behaviors (B = 0.16, t = 2.48, p < 0.05), showing that the effect of personal control on healthy behaviors differed by the level of autonomy support. Additionally, autonomy support moderated the mediation effect of healthy behaviors in the relationship between personal control and psychological well-being (Index = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.010, 0.335). The mediation effect existed only in patients with higher autonomy support. The findings demonstrate that autonomy support from health professionals plays a crucial role in reinforcing the positive impact of personal control on healthy behaviors and psychological well-being. Enhancing the supportive attitudes of health professionals that facilitate patients’ autonomous self-regulation is necessary for better health outcomes in people with combined cardiovascular diseases.
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Hussien, Ahmed M., Jonghoon Kim, Abdulaziz Alkuhayli, Mohammed Alharbi, Hany M. Hasanien, Marcos Tostado-Véliz, Rania A. Turky, and Francisco Jurado. "Adaptive PI Control Strategy for Optimal Microgrid Autonomous Operation." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 14928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214928.
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The present research produces a new technique for the optimum operation of an isolated microgrid (MGD) based on an enhanced block-sparse adaptive Bayesian algorithm (EBSABA). To update the proportional-integral (PI) controller gains online, the suggested approach considers the impact of the actuating error signal as well as its magnitude. To reach a compromise result between the various purposes, the Response Surface Methodology (RSMT) is combined with the sunflower optimization (SFO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. To demonstrate the success of the novel approach, a benchmark MGD is evaluated in three different Incidents: (1) removing the MGD from the utility (islanding mode); (2) load variations under islanding mode; and (3) a three-phase fault under islanding mode. Extensive simulations are run to test the new technique using the PSCAD/EMTDC program. The validity of the proposed optimizer is demonstrated by comparing its results with those obtained using the least mean and square root of exponential method (LMSRE) based adaptive control, SFO, and PSO methodologies. The study demonstrates the superiority of the proposed EBSABA over the LMSRE, SFO, and PSO approaches in the system’s transient reactions.
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Van Pham, Hai, and Philip Moore. "Robot Coverage Path Planning under Uncertainty Using Knowledge Inference and Hedge Algebras." Machines 6, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines6040046.
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Human behaviour demonstrates environmental awareness and self-awareness which is used to arrive at decisions and actions or reach conclusions based on reasoning and inference. Environmental awareness and self-awareness are traits which autonomous robotic systems must have to effectively plan an optimal route and operate in dynamic operating environments. This paper proposes a novel approach to enable autonomous robotic systems to achieve efficient coverage path planning, which combines adaptation with knowledge reasoning techniques and hedge algebras to achieve optimal coverage path planning in multiple decision-making under dynamic operating environments. To evaluate the proposed approach we have implemented it in a mobile cleaning robot. The results demonstrate the ability to avoid static and dynamic (moving) obstacles while achieving efficient coverage path planning with low repetition rates. While alternative current coverage path planning algorithms have achieved acceptable results, our reported results have demonstrated a significant performance improvement over the alternative coverage path planning algorithms.
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Stübinger, M., J. Pansegrau, B. Buchwald, J. Goecke, A. Pfestroff, F. H. M. Corstens, T. M. Behr, and M. Gotthardt. "Decrease of 99mTc-uptake in autonomous thyroid tissue in Germany since the 1970s." Nuklearmedizin 45, no. 03 (May 2006): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625330.
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SummaryAim: The clinical relevance of thyroidal autonomy, i.e. the risk of a patient to become hyperthyroid after exposure to iodine, can be estimated by measurement of the thyroidal 99mTc uptake under suppression of TSH (TcTUs). The upper tolerable limit has been set to 2% some 25 years ago. Considering the increase in nutritional iodine uptake over the last 15 years, we wanted to find out if the TcTUs per ml of autonomous volume may have changed. Patients, methods: We performed a pilot study in 1166 randomly chosen patients from 1980-2003 with different kinds of benign thyroid disorders to determine changes in TcTU or TcTUs over time. A second analysis was performed in 1063 patients from 1987-2004 with unifocal autonomy (UFA). In these patients, the volume of the autonomous tissue can be determined precisely thus allowing for exact determination of TcTUs per ml of autonomous volume. Results: The pilot study demonstrated that the TcTUs or the TcTU has been falling over the last 25 years in all benign thyroid disorders (p <0.01). The total thyroid volume has also been decreasing in all disorders. In the second analysis of UFA only, 500 from the 1063 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In these patients, the TcTUs per ml of autonomous volume has fallen from an average of 0.48% to an average of 0.28%. These results are statistically significant as determined by ANOVA testing (p = 0.032). Conclusion: As the TcTUs in relation to autonomous volume has dropped by approximately 40% over the last 25 years, the upper limit for a normal TcTUs should be reduced to 1-1.4%, dependent on regional factors.
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Trusewicz, Szymon. "Zaangażowanie i autonomia poezji awangardowej." Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze, no. 20 (2022): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsl.2022.20.10.
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The article reviews in the context of contemporary avant-garde theories the book by Alina Świeściak Współczynnik sztuki. Polska poezja awangardowa i postawangardowa między autonomią i zaangażowaniem [The Art Factor. Polish Avant-garde and Post-avant-garde Poetry Between Autonomy and Commitment]. The reviewed monograph is a discussion of examples of poetry of the historical avant–garde, neo-avant-garde and post-avant-garde and demonstrates the intertwining tendencies that liberate literature and engage it socially. According to the author of the review, Świeściak remains sensitive to both historical and ahistorical definitions of the avant-garde. In the researcher’s proposed interpretations, the interplay of autonomy and engagement was shown in different perspectives, depending on the unique character of the poetics in question.
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Pelletier, Luc G., and Elizabeth C. Sharp. "Administrative pressures and teachers' interpersonal behaviour in the classroom." Theory and Research in Education 7, no. 2 (June 25, 2009): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878509104322.
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The purpose of the present article is to review the contextual conditions that lead teachers to be more controlling rather than autonomy supportive with their students. Research indicates that the more teachers perceive that school administration thwarts their autonomy by imposing pressures on them, the less autonomous they are in their motivation for teaching, the more they become controlling in their teaching, and the more students demonstrate a controlled motivation orientation. At this point an element of reciprocity is introduced: teachers may be affected by the lack of students' motivation and their low performance because this reinforces the administration's perception that something needs to be done. Then teachers may perceive a pressure to behave in a controlling manner to be sure that the administration's standards are achieved.
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Möllers, Thomas M. J. "Working with Legal Principles – demonstrated using Private Autonomy and Freedom of Contract as Examples." European Review of Contract Law 14, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 101–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2018-1007.
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Abstract Resolving legal problems at the national and European level, legal principles are of outstanding significance. However, it often remains unclear how to utilise these legal principles – which are partly not codified – in the specific legal solution. This article addresses two questions: How can we derive legal principles from the law if they have not been codified in the law? Moreover, how can we concretise legal principles? These two main issues will be illustrated on the basis of contractual freedom and particular legal institutes such as obligation to contract, price control, and frustration of contract. A last issue will be to tackle methodical difficulties posed by legal principles at the European level.
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Cladi, Lorenzo, and Mark Webber. "Between Autonomy and Effectiveness: Reassessing the European Unions Foreign Policy Towards the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict." European Foreign Affairs Review 21, Issue 4 (December 1, 2016): 559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2016044.
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Through a consideration of policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, this article examines the autonomy and effectiveness of the European Union (EU) as an actor. We discuss first the criteria by which autonomy and effectiveness can be judged and then consider these by reference to EU policy since the formation of the Quartet in 2002. We argue that the EU has been effective in articulating a consistent and clear set of policies on Israel-Palestine. While this has placed it on-side with US-led initiatives to foster a solution to the conflict, we regard such an alignment as consistent with EU autonomy. These findings allow us to make qualified but still positive comments on the emerging EU Global Strategy. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict certainly demonstrates the limitations of EU external action but in affirming its credentials as an autonomous partner of the United States, the EU is less ineffectual than some commentators claim.
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Gamble, Craig, Michael Wilkins, Jonathan Aliponga, Yakuko Koshiyama, Keiko Yoshida, and Shirley Ando. "Learner autonomy dimensions: What motivated and unmotivated EFL students think." Lingua Posnaniensis 60, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2018-0003.
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Abstract To counter the misunderstandings that students from East Asian countries like Japan are less autonomous than learners from other cultural backgrounds, this exploratory research examined Japanese university students’ attitudes toward their own responsibility and ability to study English autonomously. Student motivation was observed specifically to determine how students perceived their learning inside and outside the classroom. In this study, 958 students from 12 universities across Japan participated in a 24-item adapted questionnaire on learner autonomy. Based on the data collected, slight to not significant differences were revealed regarding students’ perceptions of responsibility to perform autonomous learning tasks. However, with regard to perceived ability to perform autonomous learning tasks, there were significant differences as motivated students demonstrated a far greater confidence in their capacity to be involved in their own learning than unmotivated students, yet they did not necessarily act on their ability to do so. These findings and their implications are explored and discussed.
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Shea-Blymyer, Colin, and Houssam Abbas. "Algorithmic Ethics: Formalization and Verification of Autonomous Vehicle Obligations." ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3460975.
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In this article, we develop a formal framework for automatic reasoning about the obligations of autonomous cyber-physical systems, including their social and ethical obligations. Obligations, permissions, and prohibitions are distinct from a system's mission, and are a necessary part of specifying advanced, adaptive AI-equipped systems. They need a dedicated deontic logic of obligations to formalize them. Most existing deontic logics lack corresponding algorithms and system models that permit automatic verification. We demonstrate how a particular deontic logic, Dominance Act Utilitarianism (DAU) [23], is a suitable starting point for formalizing the obligations of autonomous systems like self-driving cars. We demonstrate its usefulness by formalizing a subset of Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) in DAU; RSS is an industrial proposal for how self-driving cars should and should not behave in traffic. We show that certain logical consequences of RSS are undesirable, indicating a need to further refine the proposal. We also demonstrate how obligations can change over time, which is necessary for long-term autonomy. We then demonstrate a model-checking algorithm for DAU formulas on weighted transition systems and illustrate it by model-checking obligations of a self-driving car controller from the literature.
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Albitar, M., M. Katsumata, and S. A. Liebhaber. "Human alpha-globin genes demonstrate autonomous developmental regulation in transgenic mice." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 7 (July 1991): 3786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.7.3786-3794.1991.
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Recent studies have demonstrated that transcriptional activation of the human adult beta-globin transgene in mice by coinsertion of the beta-globin cluster locus control region (beta-LCR) results in loss of its adult restricted pattern of expression. Normal developmental control is reestablished by coinsertion of the fetal gamma-globin transgene in cis to the adult beta-globin gene. To test the generality of this interdependence of two globin genes for their proper developmental control, we generated transgenic mice in which the human adult alpha-globin genes are transcriptionally activated by the beta-LCR either alone or in cis to their corresponding embryonic zeta-globin gene. In both cases, the human globin transgenes were expressed at the appropriate developmental period. In contrast to the beta-globin gene, developmental control of the human adult alpha-globin transgenes appears to be autonomous and maintained even when activated by an adjacent locus control region.
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Albitar, M., M. Katsumata, and S. A. Liebhaber. "Human alpha-globin genes demonstrate autonomous developmental regulation in transgenic mice." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 7 (July 1991): 3786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.7.3786.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent studies have demonstrated that transcriptional activation of the human adult beta-globin transgene in mice by coinsertion of the beta-globin cluster locus control region (beta-LCR) results in loss of its adult restricted pattern of expression. Normal developmental control is reestablished by coinsertion of the fetal gamma-globin transgene in cis to the adult beta-globin gene. To test the generality of this interdependence of two globin genes for their proper developmental control, we generated transgenic mice in which the human adult alpha-globin genes are transcriptionally activated by the beta-LCR either alone or in cis to their corresponding embryonic zeta-globin gene. In both cases, the human globin transgenes were expressed at the appropriate developmental period. In contrast to the beta-globin gene, developmental control of the human adult alpha-globin transgenes appears to be autonomous and maintained even when activated by an adjacent locus control region.
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Elrick, Matthew J., Chris D. Pacheco, Ting Yu, Nahid Dadgar, Vikram G. Shakkottai, Christopher Ware, Henry L. Paulson, and Andrew P. Lieberman. "Conditional Niemann-Pick C mice demonstrate cell autonomous Purkinje cell neurodegeneration." Human Molecular Genetics 19, no. 5 (December 10, 2009): 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp552.
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