Книги з теми "Autonomoy demonstrated"
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1
Novosella, Selatin. Demonstratat e gjashtëdhjetetetës. Prishtinë: Shoqata e të Burgosurve Politikë të Kosovës, 2008.
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2
Dokumente diplomatike të qeverisë shqiptare për demonstratat e vitit 1981 në Kosovë. Prishtinë: Shoqata e të burgosurve politike e Kosovës, 2012.
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3
Campos Boralevi, Lea, ed. Challenging Centralism: Decentramento e autonomie nel pensiero politico europeo. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-023-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book, which is the result of a project of Research of Relevant National Interest (PRIN 2007), presents an overview of theoretical-political thought as a challenge to centralism, starting from the late Middle Ages and the Modern Age through to the twentieth century. As against a 'vertical' vision of European politics which, from Machiavelli to Mosca, favours the hierarchical nature of power relations, the essays collected here are presented as a number of brief chapters in the history of the 'horizontal paradigm' in European political thought. They demonstrate the wealth and the persistence of a tradition and of the myriad experiences and theorisations that have, in effect, proposed forms of decentralisation and of association frequently coexisting with centralism, as in the case of the autonomies within the system of the great national states.
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Shtypi i Austrisë për demonstratat e shqiptarëve të Kosovës më 1968, 1981 dhe 1989. Prishtinë: Shtëpia Botuese "Faik Konica", 2011.
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5
Lee, Francis, and Joseph Man Chan. Memories of Tiananmen. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Memories of Tiananmen: Politics and Processes of Collective Remembering in Hong Kong, 1989-2019 analyzes how collective memory regarding the 1989 Beijing student movement and the Tiananmen crackdown was produced, contested, sustained, and transformed in Hong Kong between 1989 and 2019. Drawing on data gathered through multiple sources such as news reports, digital media content, on-site vigil surveys, population surveys, and in-depth interviews with activists, rally participants, and other stakeholders, it identifies six key processes in the dynamics of social remembering: memory formation, memory mobilization, memory institutionalization, intergenerational transfer, memory repair, and memory balkanization. The book demonstrates how a socially dominant collective memory, even one the state finds politically irritable, can be generated and maintained through constant negotiation and efforts by a wide range of actors. While Memories of Tiananmen mainly focuses on the interplay between political changes and the Tiananmen commemoration in the historical period within which the society enjoyed a significant degree of civil liberties, it also discusses how the trajectory of the collective memory may take a drastic turn as Hong Kong’s autonomy is abridged. The book promises to be a key reference for anyone interested in collective memory studies, social movement research, political communication, and China and Hong Kong studies.
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Disley, Liz. Hegel, Autonomy, and Community. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778165.003.0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
By means of an analysis of Hegelian and Hegelian-inspired notions of aspects of communal ethical life, this chapter aims to demonstrate that, far from requiring a non-metaphysical (version of) Hegel, his concept of an ethical community rests on his concepts of consciousness and self-consciousness from the beginnings of his system. It begins by describing the Hegelian account of intersubjectivity that demonstrates the incomplete, changing, and vulnerable nature of Hegelian personhood. It goes on to discuss the Hegelian view of autonomy as seen in the account of civil society in the Philosophy of Right. Finally, it examines further the tension between these accounts and how they interact with the relationship between Hegel’s method and its practical corollaries.
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Attanasio, John. Distributive Autonomy, Democracy, and Capital. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Economist Thomas Piketty demonstrates the incomes of the top 0.1 percent of American earners begin a sustained increase just before 1980, several years after Buckley, and then have risen dramatically ever since. Campaign spending by the mega wealthy also rises dramatically after other key campaign finance cases. Between 1980 and 2010, U.S. tax rates go from exceptionally progressive compared with other countries to one of the least progressive. Shortly after Buckley, U.S. income and estate taxes plunge in 1980 and 1988. U.S. marginal income tax rates fall from 70–90 percent, 1930–1980, to 30–40 percent, 1980–2010, reaching a low of 28 percent in 1988. The Buckley Constitution has altered the entire process of government. Politics grows more rancorous. Compromise declines. Congress meets less with each other, more with donors. Regulations contract; and skew to favor donors. Government budgets shrink, especially for New Deal social welfare programs.
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Attanasio, John. The Principle of Distributive Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern libertarians regard themselves as ideological opposites to egalitarians. The principle of distributive autonomy is at strong odds with modern conceptions of libertarianism, but perhaps not so much with the original conception of John Stuart Mill. Modern individualistic libertarianism also has strayed from Immanuel Kant's conception of autonomy. This chapter applies Robert Nozick’s widely acclaimed, and richly elaborated, conception of liberty to demonstrate how the new theory of distributive autonomy differs. John Rawls’s principle of equal liberty proceeds from egalitarian starting points. In contrast, the principle of distributive autonomy uses the importance or value of autonomy itself to justify keen attention to its distribution, even in the area of first-order rights. The principle focuses on (but is not limited to) constitutive rights in foundational areas that constitute the government and larger society. The campaign finance cases violate rather than safeguard autonomy by reversing congressional efforts to protect distributive autonomy.
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Manuel José Cepeda, Espinosa, and Landau David. Part Two Rights, 3 Dignity and Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190640361.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter provides excerpts of the Colombian Constitutional Court’s case law on dignity and autonomy. Like some European legal orders, Colombian constitutionalism is centered on the protection of human dignity, understood as the protection of a minimum level of subsistence (see Chapter 6), as well as broad respect for human autonomy in fundamental choices. It covers the jurisprudence of the Court legalizing possession of a personal dose of drugs as well as euthanasia, protecting the decisional autonomy of children in a school setting, protecting the autonomy and dignity of intersex children, and legalizing abortion in certain circumstances. These topics are noteworthy because they demonstrate the Court’s insistence on protecting human autonomy within a historical context that has often sacrificed the individual for the collective.
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de Geus, Eco, Rene van Lien, Melanie Neijts, and Gonneke Willemsen. Genetics of Autonomic Nervous System Activity. Edited by Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large individual differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) play a key role in risk for cardiovascular disease. This chapter presents an overview of the measurement strategies that can be used to study ANS activity in samples that are sufficiently large to allow genetic analyses. Heart rate variability, in particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is identified as the measure of choice to index parasympathetic activity, whereas preejection period (PEP) is the measure of choice to index sympathetic activity. Twin studies have demonstrated significant genetic contributions to resting levels of both RSA (heritability estimates range from 25 to 71 percent) and PEP (heritability estimates range from 48 to 74 percent) and the genetic variance in these traits seems to further increase under conditions of psychological stress. Identifying the genetic variants that influence parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may increase our understanding of the role of the ANS in cardiovascular disease.
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Asiskovitch, Sharon. Bureaucrats, Politicians, and the Politics of Bureaucratic Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793021.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bureaucratic actors are located at the center of social policymaking. The chapter illustrates the relevance of conflicts of interests between fiscal bureaucrats and social bureaucrats and politicians, showing that where these conflicts are intense neoliberal reforms may be blocked or muted, at least for a time. The two case studies were selected to illustrate variation in the roles played by state bureaucracies and to cover key domains of social policymaking. The child allowances scheme demonstrates that the level of social policy politicization is influenced by changes in a program’s rules of entitlement, and that in turn the level of politicization determines whether and how bureaucrats are involved in policymaking. The National Health Insurance Law shows how bureaucratic actors may respond to a highly politicized change in the institutional arrangement of a social policy field by shifting the locus of decision-making to the bureaucratic arena, where powerful bureaucracies dominate policymaking.
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Attanasio, John. Politics and Capital. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847029.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book is about good government, especially an ethical and fair government and constitution. It has five key ideas. Understanding these ideas is critical to addressing the problems besetting the American political and economic systems. First, the book proposes the new principle of distributive autonomy to guarantee first-order rights. The principle sharply contrasts with modern, individualistic libertarian ideas. Good governance must be centrally concerned with the distribution of freedom for all. If your own autonomy matters, so does everyone else’s. Valuing the autonomy of others is authentic autonomy. A core aspect of ethical governance must value the autonomy of everyone. Second, the book demonstrates how the campaign finance cases violate distributive autonomy and completely subvert the American system of government. Third, the book deploys Thomas Piketty’s data to correlate the campaign finance cases with the dramatic rise in wealth and particularly income inequality in the United States. Fourth, the book demonstrates that the distorted allocation of income has adversely affected the centrally important demand curve of the American economy, which may be helping to drive economic stagnation and the debt overhang. Fifth, the book concludes that political freedom, in the sense of distributive autonomy, is necessary for participatory democracy and that participatory democracy may be a necessary condition to sustain long-term, prosperous capitalism.
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Dillon, Michele. Postsecular American Catholics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693008.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter demonstrates how American Catholics embody the mutual relevance of religious and secular expectations that is the hallmark of postsecularity. It argues that individual interpretive autonomy—the secularization of religious authority—is critical to their construal of Catholicism, and it discusses the ironies this entails. The chapter shows that interpretive autonomy is legitimated in official Church teaching, which in part allows Catholics to disagree with Church teachings on sexual morality and other issues while maintaining loyalty to Catholicism. It is also used by them to advocate for doctrinal changes that would more closely align their secular expectations with their attachment to the sacraments. Interpretive autonomy is thus a crucial mechanism in the preservation of Catholicism as a living tradition open to secular realities. The chapter also discusses how intra-Catholic political differences and a large socioeconomic divide between white and a growing Hispanic Catholic population fracture the notion of Catholic communal solidarity.
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McNaughton, James. Beckett in History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822547.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drawing from the archive of Beckett’s letters, vocabulary notebooks, and German Diaries, this chapter elaborates Beckett’s encounters with propaganda in Nazi Germany, and demonstrates how Watt formally performs the interpretative problems propaganda presents. The word games in the book make sense when read in light of Adorno’s claim that fascism first found a refuge in mystified language. The novel presents strategies by which the character Watt refuses to resist the mystification of power and the ideological seduction of Mr. Knott’s house. More, the book evokes and then dismisses recent and violent history by bringing to mind remnants of historical images from World War II. The formal games and near-autonomy of the entire work, combined with its Irish setting, threaten to override or erase such vestiges of history, as if literary form demonstrates the mechanics of propaganda itself, recontextualizing and diminishing the menacing image that it evokes.
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Uttley, Matthew. Arms Procurement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since 1990, the European states have confronted tensions in balancing security of supply imperatives and equipment affordability constraints in procuring advanced weapons systems. Security of supply is equated with the retention of a national defence technological and industrial base (DTIB). Correspondingly, intergenerational cost increases in weapons production have progressively eroded the affordability of maintaining autonomous DTIBs, leading to the internationalization of what were formerly considered ‘national’ defence firms. This chapter challenges the argument of some analysts that these structural factors will lead inevitably to loss of control by national governments over weapons production and the inexorable rise of a globalized defence industry. It demonstrates instead that the European states do exercise significant agency in national defence procurement and industrial policy such that national DTIB protection still prevails, which explains why EU attempts to integrate and foster a strategically autonomous European defence technological and industrial base (EDTIB) have hitherto failed.
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Leigh, Ian. Reversibility, Proportionality, and Conflicting Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795957.003.0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter develops a test (the ‘reversibility test’) for resolving clashing rights cases where limitations of Convention rights for the protection of the ‘rights and freedoms of others’ are at stake. It demonstrates how the reversibility test operates in the context of the conflict between religious autonomy and the right to respect for private and family life under Articles 9 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and why it is preferable to either definitional or ad hoc balancing between these rights. A critical analysis of the European Court of Human Rights’ Grand Chamber decision in Fernández Martinez v. Spain substantiates the utility and strengths of the test and shows how it vindicates the reasoning in the Court’s minority judgment.
17
Gough, Peter, and Peggy Seeger. “Spit, Baling Wire, Mirrors” and the WPA. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039041.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on the Musical Projects in Colorado, Utah, Oregon and Washington. The intermountain states of Colorado and Utah and the Pacific northwestern states of Oregon and Washington all maintained Federal Music Project (FMP) programs. These FMP programs strove, to varying degrees, to integrate indigenous themes and folksong into their musical repertoire. While none experienced the confrontations with the federal or regional administrations that Arizona or New Mexico did, or the unceasing internal squabbling of California, all demonstrated a desire for agency and autonomy in their musical productions. These programs also reflected the regional and musical complexion of their individual states. Indeed, the goals of the individual programs and the resultant power plays between local, state, and national administrations—as well as the subsequent compromises and adjustments—determined the direction of Federal Music in each of these projects.
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Peari, Sagi. Choice Pillar II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622305.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter evaluates Friedrich Carl von Savigny’s choice-of-law theory, qualifies and extends it. It shows that CEF’s foundational Choice Pillar does not need to be developed from scratch but rather can be exerted through the process of distillation from Savigny’s argument of its Kantian components. The argument in this chapter proceeds through the following three focal points. First, it elaborates on the main aspects of Kantian legal philosophy and demonstrates their presence within Savigny’s scholarship. Second, it evaluates Savigny’s choice of law organizing principle of “voluntary submission” and suggests making qualifications to meet the Kantian standard. In neo-Kantian terminology, it is a crystallization of “juridical relational choice.” Finally, it evaluates and qualifies both aspects of the operational mechanism of Savigny’s theory: the normative ensemble of party autonomy and constructive inference.
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Trondman, Mats. Burning Schools/Building Bridges: Ethnographical Touchdowns in the Civil Sphere. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article demonstrates what ethnography can do for cultural sociology by investigating the struggles of Muslim immigrants for multicultural integration in Sweden, and native Swedish resistance to it. The discussion is based on the presupposition that data can speak to us, even “surprise” us, due to the theoretical attentiveness the ethnographer can bring to them. Such notion makes it possible for the reader to see that all possible aspects of encounters in everyday life “carry a meaning other than the simple fact of their existence.” The article considers the position of “cultural autonomy” in what less culturally musical sociologists take to be merely divisive material conflicts over boundary position. It shows that many Muslim immigrants, despite their anger and resentment, still yearn for recognition and for the success of Sweden’s social democratic ideals.
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Freitag, Lisa. Narrative and the Phases of Care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491789.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In her book Moral Boundaries political scientist and ethicist Joan Tronto suggested a new way of evaluating care, as an action rather than an emotional state. She approached care in four phases, each of which has an associated virtue guiding how a caregiver might act. This chapter evaluates the four phases of care and their virtues (attentiveness, responsibility, competence, and responsiveness), extending their use to the care of children with special needs. The applicability of Tronto’s phases and their virtues is demonstrated by applying them to a complex parent narrative: Vicky Forman’s This Lovely Life. Forman’s narrative, examined with principle ethics, offers an unsolvable dilemma of children’s rights vs. parental autonomy. Examination using Tronto’s theories offers a new way to analyze parent caregiving and raises ethical questions not previously considered. This provides the groundwork for evaluation of the moral work involved in extreme caregiving.
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Churchill, David. Crime Control and the Police. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797845.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter assesses the impact of policing on urban crime control. It argues that the protection of property was central to the practice of preventative policing, and that the growth of the police significantly enhanced the state’s capacity to control urban property crime. Nevertheless, police efforts to combat theft obtained only limited purchase, and ultimately failed to live up to public expectations. Having demonstrated that the criminal statistics do not provide a reliable measure of crime trends, the chapter exposes the barriers to police effectiveness in crime control, particularly the scale and scope of opportunity for theft which the Victorian city presented, and limitations on resources which undermined the operation of the preventative policing strategy. The result was an enforcement gap in responding to urban property crime, which provided an incentive for autonomous civilian participation in crime control.
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Broad, Jacqueline. Marriage, Slavery, and the Merger of Wills. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810261.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines three seventeenth-century feminist critiques of the misogynist pamphleteer John Sprint (fl. 1699–1700). It demonstrates that an ideal of freedom as rational self-governance—controlling one’s own will in conformity with the law of reason—plays a crucial role in the arguments of Sprint’s key critics, Eugenia, Mary Astell, and Mary Chudleigh. In their responses to Sprint, these Englishwomen highlight the moral dangers of the marital relationship, and especially the threat that such relationships pose to a woman’s capacity for rational self-governance. They argue that marriage thwarts this capacity if a wife is expected to ‘merge her will’ with that of her husband (as Sprint had suggested), such that she only ever thinks and desires what he himself thinks and desires. The chapter concludes by drawing parallels between these women’s views and those of recent feminist theorists of autonomy.
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Ward, Jenna, and Allan Watson. “FX, Drugs, and Rock ’n’ Roll”. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The music industry is characterized by stereotypical images of excess, pleasure, intensity, and play that have given rise to folklore of “sex, drugs, and rock ’n’ roll.” Through a qualitative study of sound engineers this chapter explores two main questions: To what extent is the lived reality of working in studio contexts with creative artists reflected in the stereotypical representations of “rock ’n’ roll”? To what extent is the “rock ’n’ roll vibe” an organic, voluntary state of creativity or facilitated “emotional FX” elicited by studio staff to enhance particular musical performances? The chapter demonstrates ways in which engineers and producers manage their emotions to influence and support performances from artists. These emotional labor performances aim to recast the technological, and often stark, physical space of the recording studio as a site of autonomy and play, turning work spaces into sites of pleasure and excess in sometimes uncomfortable working conditions.
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Lippiatt, G. E. M. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805137.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite his death and the subsequent collapse of his principality, Simon’s years in power clearly demonstrate a commitment to government usually associated by historians with royal regimes. The achievements and aspirations of Simon’s career suggest that this is too narrow. Not only were kings still unable to control their barons at the turn of the thirteenth century, they were not the only lords interested in the creation of effective government. Indeed, Simon’s preoccupation with government paradoxically contributed to the collapse of his regime: had he been less interested in implementing his reforms, he might not have engendered the resentment that cost him his life. This study, therefore, suggests a corrective to a focus on monarchies as the exclusive engines of medieval government: exceptional though Simon may have been, his career provides a valuable glimpse of both the means and concerns of baronial autonomy at the turn of the thirteenth century.
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Morgan, Danielle Fuentes. Laughing to Keep from Dying. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043390.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book utilizes an interdisciplinary approach to expand the parameters of satire to include the satirization found in twenty-first-century African American forms of expression crossing generic boundaries. While many of these texts and performances are satires or comedies in a traditional sense, some offer the satirization of race itself as a strategy to create space for possible satiric readings. The use of comedy, humor, and satire in these texts and performances incisively problematizes the existing social sphere by highlighting its absurdity in both the reality of racialization and the mythology of the “post-racial.” These texts reveal the irrationality of racialization and critique anxieties surrounding race and Blackness to demonstrate the usefulness of satire as a critical frame for articulating Black selfhood. Here the power of satire is found in “laughing to keep from dying,” a form of revolutionary laughter in two registers. The in-group laughter opens up Black interior space to make room for autonomous Black identity formation. Out-group laughter either indicts the listener or offers protective plausible deniability of “just jokes” in which comedy is feigned to lack sociopolitical meaning. This laughter opens up space for kaleidoscopic Blackness, where all autonomous performances of Black self-identity are valid.
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Bing, Peter. Tombs of Poets’ Minor Characters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826477.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on Hellenistic epigrams commemorating the death of minor literary characters: a hero named just once in Homer, the slaughtered children of Medea, a prostitute berated by Sappho, the daughters of Lycambes vilified by Archilochus, and the lovely Baucis, Erinna’s friend. It argues that these commemorations reveal an aspect of the Hellenistic reception of earlier Greek poetry—its avid engagement with the tradition, extending even to lesser figures. The chapter suggests that the epigrams, viewed against the backdrop of real-life hero cult, are a kind of metafiction, reactions to, and spin-offs from, an urtext. It demonstrates how an interest in buried literary figures enabled a discourse on literature as autonomous from real-life ritual and yet as best expressed through the materiality of the tomb.
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Inglehart, Ronald F. Modernization, Existential Security, and Cultural Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879228.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Survey data from countries containing over 90% of the world’s population demonstrate that in recent decades, rising levels of economic and physical security have been reshaping human values and motivations, thereby transforming societies. Economic and physical insecurity are conducive to xenophobia, strong in-group solidarity, authoritarian politics, and rigid adherence to traditional cultural norms; conversely, secure conditions lead to greater tolerance of outgroups, openness to new ideas, and more egalitarian social norms. Existential security shapes societies and cultures in two ways. Modernization increases prevailing security levels, producing pervasive cultural changes in developed countries. But long before, substantial cross-sectional cultural difference existed, reflecting historical differences in vulnerability to disease and other factors. Analysts from different perspectives have described these cultural differences as Collectivism versus Individualism, Materialism versus Postmaterialism, Survival versus Self-expression values, or Autonomy versus Embeddedness, but all tap a common dimension of cross-cultural variation that reflects different levels of existential security.
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Taylor, Dan. Spinoza and the Politics of Freedom. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478397.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taking as its starting point the formative role of fear in Spinoza’s thought, this book argues that Spinoza’s vision of human freedom and power is realised socially and collectively. It presents a new critical study of the collectivist Spinoza, wherein we can become freer through desire, friendship, the imagination, and transforming the social institutions that structure a given community. A freedom for one and all, attuned to the vicissitudes of human life and the capabilities of each one of us to live up to the demands and constraints of our limited autonomy. It repositions Spinoza as the central thinker of desire and freedom, and demonstrates how the conflicts within his work inform contemporary theoretical discussions around democracy, populism and power. Spinoza’s politics and their development are analysed both philosophically and historically. The argument approaches Spinoza’s texts critically, presenting new findings from the Latin. It critically engages with diverse hermeneutic traditions in Spinoza studies, from continental readings of Spinoza’s ontology and politics to more analytical or historicist Anglophone approaches to his epistemology and metaphysics, alongside recent work sensitive to the socially useful roles of the imagination and the affects. The book sets out new concepts to work through with Spinoza like commonality, collectivity, unanimity and interdependence, and analyses existing debates around democracy, the multitude, slavery and autonomy. Its overarching claim is that freedom in Spinoza is a necessarily political endeavour, realised by individuals acting cooperatively, requiring the development of socio-political institutions and communal imaginings that can realise the common good.
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Phillips, James. Sternberg and Dietrich. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190915247.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
James Phillips’s Sternberg and Dietrich: The Phenomenology of Spectacle reappraises the cinematic collaboration between the Austrian-American filmmaker Josef von Sternberg (1894–1969) and the German-American actor Marlene Dietrich (1901–1992). Considered by his contemporaries to be one of the most significant directors of Golden-Age Hollywood, Sternberg made seven films with Dietrich that helped establish her as a style icon and star and entrenched his own reputation for extravagance and aesthetic spectacle. These films enriched the technical repertoire of the industry, challenged the sexual mores of the times, and notoriously tried the patience of management at Paramount Studios. Sternberg and Dietrich: The Phenomenology of Spectacle demonstrates how under Sternberg’s direction Paramount’s sound stages became laboratories for novel thought experiments. Analyzing in depth the last four films on which Sternberg and Dietrich worked together, Phillips reconstructs the “cinematic philosophy” that Sternberg claimed for himself in his autobiography and for whose fullest expression Dietrich was indispensable. This book makes a case for the originality and perceptiveness with which these films treat such issues as the nature of trust, the status of appearance, the standing of women, the ethics and politics of the image, and the relationship between cinema and the world. Sternberg and Dietrich: The Phenomenology of Spectacle reveals that more is at stake in these films than the showcasing of a new star and the confectionery of glamor: Dietrich emerges here as a woman at ease in the world without being at home in it, as both an image of autonomy and the autonomy of the image.
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Graubart, Karen B. Republics of Difference. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233839.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Medieval and early modern Spanish monarchs governed through jurisdictional pluralism, placing corporate groups into competition with one another and delegating tax collection and the management of civil conflict to them. Doing so enabled some autonomy, but also constrained the way they interacted with others. This book examines these subordinate republics in two asynchronous locations: peoples of Muslim, Jewish, and sub-Saharan African descent in fifteenth-century Seville, and Indigenous and (sometimes) Black peoples in sixteenth and seventeenth-century Lima. It does so through two lenses–space and jurisdiction–which enable the reader to reimagine and supplement absent archival materials. At times, those in power wished to separate the subordinate republics: to contain their contamination, or to protect them from predatory influences. Using arcGIS mapping in conjunction with archival documentation, the book explores the ways that members of these republics utilized the urban environment in contradistinction to narratives of separation, producing their own hierarchies that intersected with local society. Jurisdiction was also permeable, as urban residents could venue-shop, but the existence of judges and law within communities meant that they could occasionally enact justice on their own terms. Finally, the book turns to two case studies, of Black republics (one extant in Seville but mostly refused in the empire), and of Lima’s Cercado, an Indian town on the city's outskirts. These cases demonstrate the key functions of the republics but also the ways they participated in the racialization of identities in the Spanish world. The limited autonomy of the subordinate republic could also be a vehicle for producing discriminatory difference.
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Bassi, Gabriele, and Roberto Fumagalli. Pathophysiology and management of fever. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0352.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Core body temperature is strictly regulated by autonomic and behavioural compensatory adaptations and an increase may represent a physiological stereotypical controlled response to septic and inflammatory conditions, or an uncontrolled drop in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory threshold. Fever has been demonstrated to be a potential mechanism of intrinsic resistance against infectious disease playing a pivotal role in the human evolution. High temperature may be detrimental during oxygen delivery-dependent conditions and in a neurological population. Despite this evidence, a definitive conclusion, between the association of fever and the outcome in critically-ill patients, is still lacking. The decision-making strategy in the context of fever management in critical care must be supported by single case assessment. This chapter summarizes the main physiological mechanisms of temperature control that physicians should consider when dealing with fever or deliberate hypothermia and analyses the main evidence in the role of fever in the critically ill in order to help bedside clinical strategy.
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Feichtner, Isabel, and Tim Wihl, eds. Gesamtverfassung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748910848.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Helmut Ridder's idea of the ‘Gesamtverfassung’ of a society insists on our collective self-organisation. No state can take the autonomous organisation of social freedom from us. Ridder spells out what this means for the individual spheres of society in his extremely comprehensive work on constitutional law. In doing so, he arrives at insights that are still valid today about the necessary democratisation of the economy, universities, the general public and how they form their opinions, and the entire state apparatus. This volume systematically demonstrates the topicality of Ridder's writings, not least his provocative magnum opus ‘Die soziale Ordnung des Grundgesetzes’ (The Social Order of the Basic Law), in various subject areas: from the socialisation (of housing, for example), which is once again the subject of much discussion, to the dilemmas of militant democracy. The volume is aimed at all those interested in law and politics, from academia to social movements. The authors are all experienced legal scholars and practitioners of constitutional law.
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Chua, Daniel K. L. Beethoven & Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199769322.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Beethoven’s music is often associated with freedom. Chua explores the nature of this relationship through an investigation of the philosophical context of Beethoven’s reception and hermeneutic readings of key works. Freedom is arguably the core value of modernity since late eighteenth-century; Beethoven’s music engages with its aspirations and dilemmas, providing a sonic ‘lens’ that enables us to focus on the aesthetic, philosophical, and theological ramifications of its claims of progress and autonomy and the formation of the self and its values. Taking his bearings from Adorno’s fragmentary reflections on Beethoven, Chua charts a journey from the heroic freedom associated with the Eroica Symphony to a freedom of vulnerability that opens itself to ‘otherness’. Chua’s analysis of the music demonstrates how various forms of freedom are embodied in the way time and space are manipulated in Beethoven’s works, providing an experience of a concept that Kant had famously declared inaccessible to sense. Beethoven’s music, then, does not simply mirror freedom; it is a philosophical and poetic engagement with the idea that is as relevant today as it was in the aftermath of the French Revolution.
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Clark, Justin T. City of Second Sight. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638737.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the decades before the U.S. Civil War, the city of Boston evolved from a dilapidated, haphazardly planned, and architecturally stagnant provincial town into a booming and visually impressive metropolis. In an effort to remake Boston into the "Athens of America," neighborhoods were leveled, streets straightened, and an ambitious set of architectural ordinances enacted. However, even as residents reveled in a vibrant new landscape of landmark buildings, art galleries, parks, and bustling streets, the social and sensory upheaval of city life also gave rise to a widespread fascination with the unseen. Focusing his analysis between 1820 and 1860, Justin T. Clark traces how the effort to impose moral and social order on the city also inspired many—from Transcendentalists to clairvoyants and amateur artists—to seek out more ethereal visions of the infinite and ideal beyond the gilded paintings and glimmering storefronts. By elucidating the reciprocal influence of two of the most important developments in nineteenth-century American culture—the spectacular city and visionary culture—Clark demonstrates how the nineteenth-century city is not only the birthplace of modern spectacle but also a battleground for the freedom and autonomy of the spectator.
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Bergeson-Lockwood, Millington W. Race Over Party. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640419.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In late nineteenth-century Boston, battles over black party loyalty were fights over the place of African Americans in the post–Civil War nation. In his fresh in-depth study of black partisanship and politics, Millington W. Bergeson-Lockwood demonstrates that party politics became the terrain upon which black Bostonians tested the promise of equality in America’s democracy. Most African Americans remained loyal Republicans, but Race Over Party highlights the actions and aspirations of a cadre of those who argued that the GOP took black votes for granted and offered little meaningful reward for black support. These activists branded themselves “independents,” forging new alliances and advocating support of whichever candidate would support black freedom regardless of party. By the end of the century, however, it became clear that partisan politics offered little hope for the protection of black rights and lives in the face of white supremacy and racial violence. Even so, Bergeson-Lockwood shows how black Bostonians’ faith in self-reliance, political autonomy, and dedicated organizing inspired future generations of activists who would carry these legacies into the foundation of the twentieth-century civil rights movement.
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Tillman, Erik R. Authoritarianism and the Evolution of West European Electoral Politics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896223.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book provides a novel explanation of rising Euroscepticism and right-wing populism in Western Europe. The changing political and cultural environment of recent decades is generating an ongoing realignment of voters structured by authoritarianism, which is a psychological disposition towards the maintenance of social cohesion and order at the expense of individual autonomy and diversity. High authoritarians find the values and demographic changes of the past several decades a threat to social cohesion, which has created an opportunity for populist radical right (PRR) parties to gain their support by campaigning against these perceived threats to national community posed by immigration, values change, and European integration. The result is a worldview evolution in which party conflict is shaped by the rival preferences of high and low authoritarians. Drawing on national and cross-national survey data as well as an original survey experiment, this book demonstrates how the relationship between authoritarianism and (1) attitudes towards the EU and (2) voting behaviour has evolved since the 1990s. In doing so, this book advances these literatures by providing an explanation for why certain voters are shifting towards PRR parties as electoral politics realigns.
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Banchetti-Robino, Marina Paola. The Chemical Philosophy of Robert Boyle. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197502501.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book examines the way in which Robert Boyle seeks to accommodate his complex chemical philosophy within the framework of a mechanistic theory of matter. More specifically, the book proposes that Boyle regards chemical qualities as properties that emerge from the mechanistic structure of chymical atoms. Within Boyle’s chemical ontology, chymical atoms are structured concretions of particles that Boyle regards as chemically elementary entities, that is, as chemical wholes that resist experimental analysis. Although this interpretation of Boyle’s chemical philosophy has already been suggested by other Boyle scholars, the present book provides a sustained philosophical argument to demonstrate that, for Boyle, chemical properties are dispositional, relational, emergent, and supervenient properties. This argument is strengthened by a detailed mereological analysis of Boylean chymical atoms that establishes the kind of theory of wholes and parts that is most consistent with his emergentist conception of chemical properties. The emergentist position that is being attributed to Boyle supports his view that chemical reactions resist direct explanation in terms of the mechanistic properties of fundamental particles, as well as his position regarding the scientific autonomy of chemistry from mechanics and physics.
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Stewart, Dianne M. Obeah, Orisa, and Religious Identity in Trinidad, Volume II, Orisa. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Obeah, Orisa, and Religious Identity in Trinidad is an expansive two-volume examination of social imaginaries concerning Obeah and Yoruba-Orisa from colonialism to the present. Analyzing their entangled histories and systems of devotion, Tracey E. Hucks and Dianne M. Stewart articulate how these religions were criminalized during slavery and colonialism yet still demonstrated autonomous modes of expression and self-defense. In Volume II, Orisa, Stewart scrutinizes the West African heritage and religious imagination of Yoruba-Orisa devotees in Trinidad from the mid-nineteenth century to the present and explores their meaning-making traditions in the wake of slavery and colonialism. She investigates the pivotal periods of nineteenth-century liberated African resettlement, the twentieth-century Black Power movement, and subsequent campaigns for the civil right to religious freedom in Trinidad. Disrupting syncretism frameworks, Stewart probes the salience of Africa as a religious symbol and the prominence of Africana nations and religious nationalisms in projects of black belonging and identity formation, including those of Orisa mothers. Contributing to global womanist thought and activism, Yoruba-Orisa spiritual mothers disclose the fullness of the black religious imagination’s affective, hermeneutic, and political capacities.
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Hucks, Tracey E. Obeah, Orisa, and Religious Identity in Trinidad, Volume I, Obeah. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Obeah, Orisa, and Religious Identity in Trinidad is an expansive two-volume examination of social imaginaries concerning Obeah and Yoruba-Orisa from colonialism to the present. Analyzing their entangled histories and systems of devotion, Tracey E. Hucks and Dianne M. Stewart articulate how these religions were criminalized during slavery and colonialism yet still demonstrated autonomous modes of expression and self-defense. In Volume I, Obeah, Hucks traces the history of African religious repression in colonial Trinidad through the late nineteenth century. Drawing on sources ranging from colonial records, laws, and legal transcripts to travel diaries, literary fiction, and written correspondence, she documents the persecution and violent penalization of African religious practices encoded under the legal classification of “obeah.” A cult of antiblack fixation emerged as white settlers defined themselves in opposition to Obeah, which they imagined as terrifying African witchcraft. These preoccupations revealed the fears that bound whites to one another. At the same time, persons accused of obeah sought legal vindication and marshaled their own spiritual and medicinal technologies to fortify the cultural heritages, religious identities, and life systems of African-diasporic communities in Trinidad.
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Mandić, Danilo. Gangsters and Other Statesmen. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691187884.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Separatism has been on the rise across the world since the end of the Cold War, dividing countries through political strife, ethnic conflict, and civil war, and redrawing the political map. This book examines the role transnational mafias play in the success and failure of separatist movements, challenging conventional wisdom about the interrelation of organized crime with peacebuilding, nationalism, and state making. The book demonstrates how globalized mafias shape the politics of borders in torn states, shedding critical light on an autonomous nonstate actor that has been largely sidelined by considerations of geopolitics, state-centered agency, and ethnonationalism. Blending extensive archival sleuthing and original ethnographic data with insights from sociology and other disciplines, the book argues that organized crime can be a fateful determinant of state capacity, separatist success, and ethnic conflict. Putting mafias at the center of global processes of separatism and territorial consolidation, the book raises vital questions and urges reconsideration of a host of separatist cases in West Africa, the Middle East, and East Europe.
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Byler, Darren. Terror Capitalism. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022268.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Terror Capitalism anthropologist Darren Byler theorizes the contemporary Chinese colonization of the Uyghur Muslim minority group in the northwest autonomous region of Xinjiang. He shows that the mass detention of over one million Uyghurs in “reeducation camps” is part of processes of resource extraction in Uyghur lands that have led to what he calls terror capitalism—a configuration of ethnoracialization, surveillance, and mass detention that in this case promotes settler colonialism. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the regional capital Ürümchi, Byler shows how media infrastructures, the state’s enforcement of “Chinese” cultural values, and the influx of Han Chinese settlers contribute to Uyghur dispossession and their expulsion from the city. He particularly attends to the experiences of young Uyghur men—who are the primary target of state violence—and how they develop masculinities and homosocial friendships to protect themselves against gendered, ethnoracial, and economic violence. By tracing the political and economic stakes of Uyghur colonization, Byler demonstrates that state-directed capitalist dispossession is coconstructed with a colonial relation of domination.
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Toth, Stephen A. Mettray. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740183.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Mettray Penal Colony was a private reformatory without walls, established in France in 1840 for the rehabilitation of young male delinquents. Foucault linked its opening to the most significant change in the modern status of prisons and now this book takes us behind the gates to show how the institution legitimized France's repression of criminal youth and added a unique layer to the nation's carceral system. The book dissects Mettray's social anatomy, exploring inmates' experiences. More than 17,000 young men passed through the reformatory before its closure, and the book situates their struggles within changing conceptions of childhood and adolescence in modern France. It demonstrates that the colony was an ill-conceived project marked by internal contradictions. Its social order was one of subjection and subversion, as officials struggled for order and inmates struggled for autonomy. The book exposes the nature of the relationships between, and among, prisoners and administrators. It explores the daily grind of existence: living conditions, discipline, labor, sex, and violence. Thus, the book gives voice to the incarcerated, not simply to the incarcerators, whose ideas and agendas tend to dominate the historical record. The book is, above all else, a deeply personal illumination of life inside France's most venerated carceral institution.
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Hill, Juniper. Incorporating improvisation into classical music performance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199346677.003.0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paucity of improvisation over the last 150 years of western art music is an anomaly. This chapter discusses why and how classical musicians today might incorporate more improvisation into their practice and performance. Examples from professional musicians demonstrate innovative approaches to classical improvisation as well as methods for renewing historical practices in modern contexts. As a developmental tool, improvisation can be used to deepen understanding of traditional repertoire, improve technique and aural skills, expand expressive possibilities, discover a personal voice, and lessen performance anxiety. Methods for increasing improvisation in public performance are also illustrated, including the preparation of improvised cadenzas in canonical repertoire, the exploration of multiple possible score interpretations, the practice of functional improvisation for church services, and the adventure of boundary-challenging creative acts. The chapter concludes by addressing challenges and constraints faced by potential improvisers in today’s classical music culture, especially in relation to education (when important enabling skill sets are left underdeveloped), career pressures (when deviations from convention are risky) and value systems (when improvisation is considered wrong and the creative capacity of performers is deemed inferior). Classical performers are encouraged to take some of their training into their own hands and assert their right for greater artistic autonomy.
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Peterson, Janine Larmon. Suspect Saints and Holy Heretics. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501742347.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book investigates regional saints whose holiness was contested. It scrutinizes the papacy's toleration of unofficial saints' cults and its response when their devotees challenged church authority about a cult's merits or the saint's orthodoxy. As the book demonstrates, communities that venerated saints increasingly clashed with popes and inquisitors determined to erode any local claims of religious authority. Local and unsanctioned saints were spiritual and social fixtures in the towns of northern and central Italy in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In some cases, popes allowed these saints' cults; in others, church officials condemned the saint and/or their followers as heretics. Using a wide range of secular and clerical sources, the book explores who these unofficial saints were, how the phenomenon of disputed sanctity arose, and why communities would be willing to risk punishment by continuing to venerate a local holy man or woman. It argues that the Church increasingly restricted sanctification in the later Middle Ages, which precipitated new debates over who had the authority to recognize sainthood and what evidence should be used to identify holiness and heterodoxy. The case studies presented detail how the political climate of the Italian peninsula allowed Italian communities to use saints' cults as a tool to negotiate religious and political autonomy in opposition to growing papal bureaucratization.
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Dillon, Michele. Postsecular Catholicism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693008.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Amid increased secularization, there is new appreciation for the relevance of moderate religion, such as Catholicism, in redirecting the ethical commitments of contemporary society. The postsecular affirmation of the mutual significance of religious and secular resources provides the Church with a renewed opportunity for engagement with public societal issues and for institutional revitalization among Catholics. It requires, however, a dialogue between doctrinal ideas and the increasingly secularized experiences and expectations of Catholics, as well as others. This book examines how the Church negotiates this task. Anchored in the context of American Catholicism, it aims to help the reader understand why Catholicism continues to have relevance, notwithstanding its multiple tensions. Critical here is recognition of the fact that the Church is not a monolithic entity but, instead, is characterized by, and allows, a dynamic interpretive diversity among laity, bishops, and the Vatican. The book presents case analyses and survey data showing how the crosscutting pull of religious and secular currents plays out across a number of contentious societal and intra-Church issues. Among the topics examined are economic inequality, climate change, gay sexuality, divorce and remarriage, women’s ordination, and religious freedom. This inquiry demonstrates the strategies and processes by which tradition and change, authority and autonomy, and doctrinal ideas and secular realities are held together in Catholicism.
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Harcourt, Alison, George Christou, and Seamus Simpson. Global Standard Setting in Internet Governance. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841524.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The standards development organization’s (SDO) role in Internet governance is notable given its central place in society. The bulk of decision-making for the Internet takes place in technical standards fora, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which have no formal state or public sector body membership. Recent years have seen a significant degree of spill-over of highly politicized policy areas such as data protection, digital rights management, security, and bandwidth and spectrum to SDOs, policies which were formerly domains of the nation state. SDOs are grappling with the efficiency of cloud storage, limits of spectrum use, and autonomy and management of devices. Security questions abound as demonstrated by the Cambridge Analytica scandal and Snowden revelations. The book breaks new ground by exploring decision-making within SDOs. It provides an invaluable insight into a world, which, although highly technical, affects the way in which citizens live and work on a daily basis. The work stands out from existing literature on Internet governance, which focuses on international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). As such, it adds significantly to the trajectory of research that explores the relationship between politics and protocols. It explains the interplay between different interests and whether civil society and other actors are able to defend and promote citizens’ rights within SDOs. As such, it contributes to knowledge about how the public interest is promoted.
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Zhou, Taomo. Migration in the Time of Revolution. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739934.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book examines how two of the world's most populous countries interacted between 1945 and 1967, when the concept of citizenship was contested, political loyalty was in question, identity was fluid, and the boundaries of political mobilization were blurred. The book asks probing questions of this important period in the histories of the People's Republic of China and Indonesia. What was it like to be a youth in search of an ancestral homeland that one had never set foot in, or an economic refugee whose expertise in private business became undesirable in one's new home in the socialist state? What ideological beliefs or practical calculations motivated individuals to commit to one particular nationality while forsaking another? As the book demonstrates, the answers to such questions about “ordinary” migrants are crucial to a deeper understanding of diplomatic relations between the two countries. The book argues that migration and the political activism of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia were important historical forces in the making of governmental relations between Beijing and Jakarta after World War II. It highlights the agency and autonomy of individuals whose life experiences were shaped by but also helped shape the trajectory of bilateral diplomacy. These ethnic Chinese migrants and settlers were, the book contends, not passively acted upon but actively responding to the developing events of the Cold War. The book bridges the fields of diplomatic history and migration studies by reconstructing the Cold War in Asia as social processes from the ground up.
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Lee, David Johnson. The Ends of Modernization. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756214.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book studies the relations between Nicaragua and the United States in the crucial years during and after the Cold War. The book charts the transformation of the ideals of modernization, national autonomy, and planned development as they gave way to human rights protection, neoliberalism, and sustainability. The book demonstrates how conflict between the United States and Nicaragua shaped larger international development policy and transformed the Cold War. In Nicaragua, the backlash to modernization took the form of the Sandinista Revolution which ousted President Anastasio Somoza Debayle in July 1979. In the wake of the earlier reconstruction of Managua after the devastating 1972 earthquake and instigated by the revolutionary shift of power in the city, the Sandinista Revolution incited radical changes that challenged the frankly ideological and economic motivations of modernization. In response to threats to its ideological dominance regionally and globally, the United States began to promote new paradigms of development built around human rights, entrepreneurial internationalism, indigenous rights, and sustainable development. The book traces the ways Nicaraguans made their country central to the contest over development ideals beginning in the 1960s, transforming how political and economic development were imagined worldwide. By illustrating how ideas about ecology and sustainable development became linked to geopolitical conflict during and after the Cold War, the book provides a history of the late Cold War that connects the contest between the two then-prevailing superpowers to trends that shape our present, globalized, multipolar world.
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Campbell, David. Contractual Relations. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855156.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This book demonstrates that economic exchange and legal contract rest on a moral relationship by which each party recognises the autonomy of the other. Through this relationship of mutual recognition, the parties each pursue their legitimate self-interest by the persuasion of the other. Consciousness of this essential relationship is in stark contrast to the alienated belief in solipsistic self-interest that is central to the classical law of contract. Given such belief, it seems justified to take a purely instrumental attitude towards the other party to a contract. But such an attitude is not morally defensible, nor does it enhance economic welfare; and it is for these reasons that the classical law is legally incoherent. The fundamental shortcomings of the classical law arise because it cannot comprehend the way that the doctrines of the positive law do, in fact, give effect to the relationship of mutual recognition. The welfarist criticism of the classical law has, however, failed to develop a workable concept of self-interest, and so is at odds with what must be retained from the classical law, and, behind this, what is welfare enhancing about the market economy. The relationship of mutual recognition can and must be derived from an immanent critique of the classical law that restates self-interest in a morally, economically, and legally attractive manner. The law of contract which emerges is the law of liberal socialism and the social market.
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Manuel Jose, Cepeda Espinosa, and Landau David, eds. Colombian Constitutional Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190640361.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book makes available the case law of the Colombian Constitutional Court in English, which has become one of the most creative and important courts of the global south and the world since its creation in 1991. It provides concise and carefully chosen extracts of the Court’s most important cases, along with notes and introductory materials to place them in a historical and comparative context. The book covers the Court’s landmark rights jurisprudence, including the decriminalization of drug possession, the legalization of same-sex marriage, the protection of social rights through broad structural orders such as the ones covering internally displaced persons and the right to health, the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples to cultural autonomy and to be consulted before economic projects are undertaken on their land, and the rights of victims of the country’s long-running internal armed conflict to truth, justice, and reparations. It also covers the Court’s most noteworthy structural cases, particularly its successful attempt to limit the use of states of exception and its substitution of the constitution doctrine. The materials highlight the Court’s contributions in a comparative perspective, showing how they are exemplary of a range of problems faced by courts around the world and particularly as an example of aggressive judicial review by the courts of the global south. At the same time, they demonstrate how many of the Court’s key cases are reactions to the historical features of the Colombian legal and social landscape.