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1
Vernoy, Mark W., and John Tomerlin. "Pedal Error and Misperceived Centerline in Eight Different Automobiles." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 31, no. 4 (August 1989): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088903100401.
Анотація:
The hypothesis that misperception of an automobile's centerline is related to pedal error was tested in eight late-model automobiles. Pedal error is described as hitting the accelerator pedal when instructed to depress the brake pedal. One hundred twenty-nine subjects participated in an experiment in which pedal errors and perceived centerline were measured in all eight automobiles. The results indicate that subjects misperceive the centerline of the automobile to be to the right of the actual centerline. Although 26 pedal errors were recorded, no relationship between pedal errors and misperceived centerline was found.
2
Xing, Qian. "The Application of Modern Electronic Technology to Automotive Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1566.
Анотація:
Electronic technology is widely applied in modern automobiles, making automobiles safer, more comfortable, economical and environment-friendly. With the development of automobile industry, electronic technology occupies an increasingly large portion within auto industry technology. To some extent, electronic technology gave rise to the revolution of environment-friendly automotive technology. This article expounds on principles of the automobile engine electronic control system as well as other applications of electronic technology to automobiles. Hopefully, readers could attain certain knowledge concerning the relationship between modern automobiles and electronic technology.
3
Zhao, Qing Lin, Jian Dong Zhao, and Bu Tao Pan. "The Designation of Intelligent Power-Saving Controller on Automobiles." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.847.
Анотація:
As the evolution of automobile industry, the application of cars has been gradually extensive. Nowadays, automobiles have been an essential part of modern society .The development of car equipments has also been accelerated by the growing popularity of the automobiles. Meanwhile, if these equipments are not regulated rationally, they also rouse extra consumption of power stored in car batteries. GPS system, as an example, causes unnecessary consumption while the automobiles are at rest. As the power loss of automobiles may cause series of dangers, such situation should be avoided. The article provides a feasible way to make an intelligent control on power supply system of automobiles through AVR single chip programming. Thus helps regulate the usage of the car batteries. From this, automobile securities can be enhanced.
4
Li, Yi Feng, and Li Wei Sun. "The Japanese Experience of Scrapped Automobiles Recycling." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.404.
Анотація:
Japan adopted a series of policy measures to basically solve the problem of the impacts on environment due to the improper handling of the scrapped automobiles. Combination with legislation and market economic leverage, Japan was built a scrapped automobiles recycling system. Among it, the official background Automobile Recycling Promotion Center (ARPC) dominate the entire process, the manufacturers and the automobile-owners carry out their duties under the supervision of the ARPC: process the scrapped automobiles and pay the processing costs. Dismantling scrapped automobiles get recycled steel, recycled rubber and reusable components can generate economic benefits, this makes the scrapped automobiles recycling industry profitable. Through the study of the Japanese experience, we can look ahead the blueprint of this problem which will be solved completely at last.
5
Jia, Yujie, and Vanliem Nguyen. "Evaluating automobile’s vibration in frequency domain." Mechanical Engineering Advances 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2023): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.59400/mea.v2i1.1239.
Анотація:
To excitation of the low frequency not only influences the driver’s health but also strongly affects the durability of the automobile’s structures. To research the automobile’s vibration in the low frequency region, a dynamic model of the automobile is established to calculate the vibration equations of the automobile in the time region. Based on the theory of the Laplace transfer function, the automobile’s vibration equations in the time region are transformed and converted to the automobile’s vibration equations in the frequency region. Then, the effect of the automobile’s design parameters and operation parameters on the characteristic of the automobile’s acceleration-frequency is simulated and analyzed to evaluate the automobile’s comfort as well as the durability of the automobile’s structures in the frequency region. The research results show that the design parameters of the stiffness, mass, and road wavelength remarkably affect the characteristic of the automobile’s acceleration-frequency. To reduce the resonant amplitude of the acceleration-frequency in the vertical and pitching direction of the automobile, the stiffness parameters of the automobiles and tires should be reduced while the mass of the automobile’s body should be increased. Additionally, the road’s roughness also needs to be decreased or the road’s quality needs to be enhanced to reduce the resonant amplitude of the automobile’s acceleration-frequency.
6
Vegesna, Dr Vinod Varma. "Investigations on Cybersecurity Challenges and Mitigation Strategies in Intelligent transport systems." Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research 06, no. 04 (2022): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46759/iijsr.2022.6409.
Анотація:
Automobiles are becoming more linked, also with the ability to synchronize to cellular telephones, offer atmospheric as well as navigational alerts for vehicle passengers, and even broadcast safety alerts to all other automobiles and nearby infrastructures. Although automobile connectivity or digitalization provides obvious benefits to passenger satisfaction including accident prevention, these have indeed increased potential enabling attackers to take over automobiles that endanger either driver's or pedestrians' life. Since the attackers are capable of hacking vehicular communications, some of the notable automobile attacks became effective. This study expands on discussio
7
Lee, You-Kyung, and Yu Liu. "Comparison Study on Impacts of Chinese Consumers' Ethnocentrism on Purchase Behavior to Green Automobiles form Korea and U.S." Korea International Trade Research Institute 19, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.4.202308.243.
Анотація:
Purpose - China is one of the most fast-growing green automobile market. However, it is not easy to enter the Chinese green automobile market for global automaker companies. One of the entry barriers into Chinese green automobile market is Chinese consumers’ ethnocentrism. Political and economic conflicts between China and major exporting countries seem further intensify the ethnocentrism of Chinese consumers. Therefore, the study tries to empirically test whether the Chinese consumer ethnocentrism negatively affect consumers’ attitude and behavior to Korean vs. U.S. green automobiles.
Design/Methodology/Approach - The study collected 423 Chinese consumer samples at the automobile exhibition in China and analyze the data using structural equation modeling with AMOS22.
Findings - The study results show that Chinese consumer ethnocentrism is negatively related with product perceived social value and trust for Korean green automobiles, while Chinese consumer ethnocentrism is negatively related with only product perceived social value for U.S. green automobiles. Meanwhile, Chinese consumer ethnocentrism has no significant impacts on purchase intention for Korean and U.S. green automobiles.
Research Implications - The study results serve an evidence how global green automobile companies respond to consumer ethnocentrism in China. The study also presents theoretical and practical implications for building a successful international marketing strategy for green automobile market in China.
8
Masodiqov, Qaxramonjon. "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HANDLING OLD CAR TIRES AND WAYS TO REMOVE THEM." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-12-25.
Анотація:
We know that currently the automobile industry is developing in our country, and the number of automobiles is also increasing, and tires made from automobiles are also increasing in this article we have considered the processing processes.
9
Malik, Arsalan Haneef, and Mubashir Ali. "The Impact of Consumer’s Eco-Friendly Attitudes on Their Purchase Intentions – An Empirical Analysis of Automobile Sector." UNIMAS Review of Accounting and Finance 2, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/uraf.1880.2019.
Анотація:
Since awareness has increased for environment protection, it is being global concerns for consumers and manufacturers to use green and environmentally friendly products with realisation to contribute to saving of environment. In this context, automobile sector has very important contribution in an economy of any country. A very large percentage of automobiles are using fuel, Co2 emissions have adverse effect on environment, and this is one of contributing factor for global warming. This study aims to investigate the effect of environmental values, responsibility feelings and environmental knowledge upon purchase intentions of Pakistani consumers towards environmentally friendly automobiles. This study utilises the causal research approach by testing the correlation existing between an individual’s environment attitude and its impact on his/ her intentions to purchase environment-friendly automobiles. It was found that there is a demand for environment-friendly automobiles amongst Pakistani consumers. However, at this stage they do have feelings of responsiveness towards environment protection and sustainability but are not willing to pay extra to purchase a hybrid or environment-friendly automobile. Furthermore, they are not willing to compromise on quality and comfortability when purchasing an environment-friendly automobile compared to a regular car. Contrary to this, they may be willing to settle for a relatively unattractive design and lower performance when buying an environment-friendly automobile compared to a regular automobile.
10
Song, Jeong-Seok. "An Empirical Study on Automobile Imports in 50 U.S. States: Focusing on Korean, Japanese, and German Automobiles." Korean Logistics Research Association 32, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17825/klr.2022.32.5.45.
Анотація:
This study intends to compare Japanese automobiles, German automobiles, and Korean automobiles, which are major competitors in the US automobile market, in light of major sales factors, and to draw implications for expanding sales of Korean automobiles in the US. This study compares and analyzes Korean cars, Japanese cars, and German cars by sales factors in the 50 US states instead of country level determinants considered in previous studies. In this respect, it makes differentiated contributions. This study adopts the fixed-effect model estimation using panel data as a research method. First, it performs the estimation using the size of Korean automobile imports, Japanese automobile imports, and German automobile imports as dependent variables. Furthermore, this study estimates the fixed-effect model for Korean automobile imports relative to Japanese automobile imports and Korean automobile imports relative to German automobile imports. According to the research results of this study, the size of imports of Korean automobiles and Japanese automobiles is affected by efficient fuel use or fuel price such as highway fuel efficiency and fuel price. On the other hand, German car imports are not affected by fuel prices and are inversely related with the highway fuel economy. Another finding of this study is that the higher the ratio of fatalities in highway traffic accidents, the lower the Japanese automobile imports. In addition, this study finds that the ratio of single-driver commuting to work has inverse relationship with the German automobile imports. Lastly, it is found that automobile imports from Korea and Japan are found to be affected by overall preferences for products in those countries. Meanwhile, as a result of controlling for major sales factors, Korean cars, Japanese cars, and German cars are equally preferred in California, Florida, Michigan, Virginia, and Rhode Island. In Mississippi, South Carolina, Oregon and Tennessee, Korean and Japanese cars are preferred over German cars while Korean cars and German cars are preferred over Japanese cars in New Jersey, Georgia, and Texas. On the other hand, in Louisiana, Washington, and Pennsylvania, Korean-made cars was found to be remarkably preferred over German and Japanese cars. The results of this study provides a guideline for sales strategy for Korean cars in the US market. This study limits the subjects of imports of Korean cars, Japanese cars, and German cars to 50 states in the United States, and only categorizes cars by production country rather than automobile brands. If these data can be accessed, various studies will be possible in the future.
11
Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung, and June-Jye Chen. "Developing Taipei Automobile Driving Cycle for Emissions." Energy & Environment 8, no. 3 (September 1997): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9700800304.
Анотація:
The purposes of this study are to develop a representative driving cycle for automobiles in metropolitan Taipei and to ascertain the emissions of the cycle. We have collected extensive driving cycle data and propose a methodology to develop Taipei automobile driving cycle (TADC). The characteristics of TADC are high average acceleration and deceleration, high acceleration-deceleration changes and low average travel speed. Fifteen automobiles, including eleven gasoline automobiles and four diesel automobiles, were tested in the laboratory by using FTP75 and TADC testing procedure. Because the characteristics of TADC are very different from those of FTP75, the CO, HC and NOx emissions of gasoline automobiles tested by TADC are higher than FTP75. The HC and NOx emissions of diesel automobiles tested by TADC are higher than FTP75, but the CO and particulate matter (PM) emissions of diesel automobiles tested by TADC are lower than FTP75. Besides, the emissions tested by TADC and FTP75 are highly linear-correlated.
12
V, Bereznyatsky. "DEVELOPMENT THE ORGANIZATION OF CAR REPAIRS WITH A LINGUISTIC APPROACH." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 48 (2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-1-48-031-036.
Анотація:
The paper proposes linguistic an approach organization of the repair of automobiles. Object of the study is organization of repair of automobiles. Purpose of the study is development repair of automobiles. Based on the idea of the American engineer Brodbent, the "linguistic method" is projected for the organization of the repair of automobiles. Organizational, organizing, in the Chinese language is transmitted by hieroglyphs (zuzhi), hieroglyph (in the traditional Kayshu — Ж) means wickerness. The use of this metaphor as a model for establishing connections between procedure (defect ), workers and the vehicle is discussed. KEY WORDS: AUTOMOBILE, ORGANIZATION, REPAIR, LINGUISTIC, METHOD, HIEROGLYPH.
13
Zhang, Yue. "The Innovation Way of Fuel Cell New Energy Vehicle." Progress in Energy & Fuels 9, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/pef.v9i1.850.
Анотація:
<p>China's automobile industry has made rapid development in recent years, but the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust is also very serious. In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by automobiles, new energy automobiles have become the main development direction of the automobile industry. Fuel cells are one of the new energy sources. Although China has a very rich variety of fuels, the research and development of new energy vehicles is still in its initial stage and still faces severe tests.</p>
14
Mickonytė, Aurelija, and Borisas Melnikas. "R&D IMPORTANCE IN IMPROVING AUTOMOBILE TRADING MARKET." Business, Management and Education 8, no. 1 (December 20, 2010): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2010.07.
Анотація:
Production and sales of automobiles are significant parts of the 21st century economy. The aim of this study is to reveal the latest and most perspective scientific research directions in improving international automobile trading business by using scientific sources and official statistics. Scientific researchers are focused on strategic means that have to be taken in order to recover the market share and past sales volumes.This study reveals that even though sales volumes of automobiles in general are decreasing rapidly, sales of compact class automobiles are improving. Three main reasons for this fact are stated. First is price, second is the model of automobile and its technical characteristics, third reason is growing environmentalism. Regarding the mentioned reasons for automobile market over grouping by segments, three main scientific research directions are discussed: those that are due to price reduction, technical appearance focused and environment focused scientific researches.
15
Men, Yan Zhong. "Research on the Application of Fuzzy Neural Network in the Automobile Reliability." Advanced Materials Research 136 (October 2010): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.136.77.
Анотація:
The data of engine failures about automobile operating in field conditions was collected by running engine failure tracking tests. An evaluative model was established using the theory of Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) for the automobile “using reliability, based on the data of failures about automobiles, finally, the evaluative result for the automobile” using reliability was obtained by evaluative model of reliability. The result of research can be used as references for the improvement of reliability and maintainability of automobile engines, and for the establishment of maintenance strategy, and it also laid a theoretical foundation for studying the improvement of evaluation method for the automobiles' reliability as well.
16
Alshboul, Abdullah, and Yiming Wang. "South Korean’s Auto Industry: The Influence Of Design, Fuel Efficiency, Price, Quality, And Technology On US Consumers’ Purchasing Decision." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 22 (August 30, 2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n22p38.
Анотація:
The purpose of this quantitative research was to identify whether there were correlations between U.S. automobile consumers’ perceived value and South Korean automobiles’ price, quality, fuel efficiency, design, and technologies. The sample size of the current study was 538. A questionnaire was used to collect data from automobile consumers in 50 states and in the District of Columbia. The results show that consumers’ perceived value were positively related to South Korean automobiles’ price, quality, fuel efficiency, design, and technologies. The result of a multiple regression analysis shows that South Korean automobiles’ quality, fuel efficiency, design, and technologies were significant predictors of consumers’ perceived value. On the other hand, price was only a marginally significant predictor of consumers’ perceived value. In the second multiple regression analysis which considers the participants’ gender, age, education level, and income level, results indicated that none of the four variables had any effect on consumers’ perceived value. Implications for South Korean automobiles’ pricing, quality control, and manufacturing strategy are discussed. Directions for future research are also proposed.
17
Liu, Bin, Naifeng Ma, Kexin Liu, and Hong Shi. "Projection on China’s Automobile Stock and Traffic Carbon Emissions." E3S Web of Conferences 385 (2023): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338502001.
Анотація:
As a means of transportation, automobiles produce large carbon emissions. On the basis of analyzing the carbon emissions of automobile transportation in 2021, the ownership model, new car sales structure model and carbon emissions analysis model are constructed, and the carbon emissions of automobiles under the baseline scenario and dual carbon scenario in 2022-2060 are predicted. For dual carbon, the main technology path of automobile can be divided into four parts: popularizing new energy vehicles, energy-saving fuel vehicles, green transportation and zero-carbon fuels.
18
Qu, Yanrui, and Syaza Hazwani Zaini. "Research on the Dual-Creation Talent Training Model of New Energy Automobile Based on Virtual Simulation." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 8, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v8i4.6784.
Анотація:
At present, as China vigorously develops new energy automobiles, the social demand for related talents has increased significantly, so the relevant institutions need to optimize and adjust the talent training mode to help the development of new energy automobiles. This paper summarizes the existing problems of China’s new energy automobile talent training mode, and analyzes the significance of the virtual simulation-based dual-creation talent training mode of new energy automobile and its specific implementation strategies, in order to provide references for the relevant personnel.
19
Manoharan, Samuel. "IMAGE DETECTION, CLASSIFICATION AND RECOGNITION FOR LEAK DETECTION IN AUTOMOBILES." Journal of Innovative Image Processing 1, no. 02 (December 4, 2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2019.2.001.
Анотація:
The Demands in quality of the automobile production grows at a rapid pace with the pressure to reduce costs of the automobiles further. So it becomes necessary to subject the critical components for the leakage detection to enhance the overall quality and the customer satisfaction. Apart from the conventional methods and the recently evolved methods in leakage detection for the automobiles, the paper tries to put forth a novel method for the detection of the leakage in the automobiles using the image processing techniques. The proposed method concentrates on the image detection, classification and recognition for the leak detection of the air conditioning in the automobiles. The proposed method of image detection is evaluated using the MATLAB to evince accuracy in the leakage detection, classification and recognition
20
Dyakov, Ivan, and Olegas Prentkovskis. "OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS IN DESIGNING AUTOMOBILES." TRANSPORT 23, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.316-322.
Анотація:
A mathematical model of optimization problems in designing automobiles is suggested and requirements raised are defined taking into account the main technical and economic characteristics of the automobile. The optimality criterion of the integral parts of the automobile is presented. The system approach to the theory of parametric optimization based on generalized models is used and the algorithm for solving the considered problem is offered.
21
Sokolovskij, Edgar. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE BRAKING PROCESS OF AUTOMOBILES." TRANSPORT 20, no. 3 (June 9, 2005): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2005.9638002.
Анотація:
The present article depicts the results of investigation of the braking parameters of automobiles equipped with ABS and without ABS. The values of the automobile deceleration, the increase of the deceleration time and the time of disbraking while braking on a dry asphalt‐concrete surface which was fixed in the course of the experimental investigation are presented. The dependence of deceleration of automobiles equipped with ABS and without ABS upon the primary driving speed is reflected and substantiated. The results of the investigation of braking of automobiles equipped with ABS and without ABS under winter conditions, i.e. on ice and snow are presented.
22
Podryhalo, M., R. Kaidalov, and V. Omelchenko. "Rational choice of torques distribution between the front and back electric motors of automobile wheels drive." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1277, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1277/1/012023.
Анотація:
Abstract Two-axle all-wheel drive automobiles and the procedure for determining the torques between the front and back driving wheels are considered. The influence of the distribution of torques between the front and back driving wheels of all-wheel drive two-axle automobiles on their controllability, stability and energy efficiency is analyzed. A study was conducted to improve the energy efficiency of two-axle automobiles by rationally choosing the torque distribution coefficient between the front and back wheels. A mathematical model of the efficiency ratio of the wheel drive of a two-axle automobile was obtained, which makes it possible to determine the ratio of the rational distribution of torques between the front and back wheels through its optimization. It has been proven that the use of electric automobiles and automobiles with a combined power unit will allow to control the distribution of torques between their front and back wheels controlled by electric motors. The proposed rational choice of the distribution of torques between the front and rear electric motors of the wheel drive will allow to increase the efficiency of the wheel drive and improve the energy efficiency not only of single electric automobiles and hybrid automobiles, but also of road trains that use a combined electromechanical drive of the driving wheels.
23
Lei, Qiong Hong. "The Study of Holonic Control Strategy in Modern Automobile." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 2258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.2258.
Анотація:
The popularity of modern automobiles requires better using performances of them, even better security and environmental protection. So, there are some electrically controlled equipment used in a modern automobile. Since this, it is urgently necessary to develop an integrated or synthetical control strategy in automobiles by using new technologies and advanced algorithms. In this paper, a new method based on the holon conception is presented to study the synthetical control in automobiles [1-3]. The control system is divided into three levels and is defined as three holons, and the function of every holon level is discussed. The coordinated model is established to study the coordination strategy among different holon levels, which will help to improve the synthetical control efficiency, security, stability and environmental protection and etc. of modern automobiles [4-5].
24
Podryhalo, Mykhailo, Ruslan Kaidalov, Mykola Аloksa, and Vasyl Omelchenko. "Analysis of energy efficiency indicators of multy-axle automobiles and multy-link road trains." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI». Series: Automobile and Tractor Construction, no. 1 (October 16, 2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-6840.2023.1.04.
Анотація:
The article shows the need to increase the energy efficiency of multi-axle automobiles and road trains by improving design methods through the use of new indicators and criteria. The relationship between the energy efficiency indicator and the aerodynamic resistance parameters of the automobile was determined; carrying out an assessment of the impact of towing links on the energy efficiency of the road train. The influence of aerodynamic parameters on the automobile's energy efficiency indicator has been proven. It is proven that with the increase in the maximum speed of the car, the energy efficiency index increases when n>1 and decreases when n<1. When n=1, the maximum speed of the automobile does not affect the energy efficiency indicator. The influence of towing links on the energy efficiency of the automobile train is also determined. With an increase in the number of towing links, there is an increase in the weight of the transported cargo and a decrease in the efficiency of the wheel drive of the road train.
25
Kravets, V. N., R. A. Musarskiy, and S. A. Volkov. "Selection of the main parameters of passenger automobiles D, E and F classes." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66882.
Анотація:
The object of the study are passenger automobiles of D, E and F classes according to the European classification, manufactured in 2010-2015 at more than 80 enterprises in all the automotive countries of the world. The purpose of the study is to establish the dependencies of the curb and fully loaded weight of passenger cars on their main classification parameter - overall length. The novelty of the work is that models of modern automobiles were investigated, whereas similar studies were performed on automobiles that were mastered in production at the beginning of the 21st century, most of which have now been withdrawn from production. The performed work is actual, since its results make it possible to scientifically and reasonably choose the most important design parameters of passenger cars: curb and fully loaded weight. Based on the statistical processing of the initial data, analytical and graphical dependencies of the curb and fully loaded weight of automobiles on their overall length in each class were obtained and, in addition, in classes D and E, these dependences were established separately for automobiles with sedan, hatchback, coupe and cabriolet bodies. A total number of 1165 automobile models were analyzed. A large volume of the investigated models allowed to obtain statistically reliable results. The article shows that, with an error of 6.8% to 27.9%, the relationship between the masses and the overall length of cars of all the studied classes can be approximated by polynomials of the second order. The results of the research are recommended to be used in the design and research organizations of automobile concerns for a reasoned selection of the design parameters of the designed automobiles.
26
Cao, Daqian, Yu Song, and Haiyang Wang. "Analysis of Automotive Parallel Import in China in 2021." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i5.713.
Анотація:
Since 2020, the global pandemic of COVID-19 shows far-reaching influences on the world economy and the automobile market and international trade. China's parallel imported car market has seen a further decline in 2021 due to multiple factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of the new national emission policy and so on. With the clearance of the first batch of China 6 parallel imported automobiles in May 2021, parallel imported automobile market development ushered in a new stage. Enterprises and relevant government departments should analyze industry changes and jointly promote the sustainable development of parallel imported automobiles in China.
27
Gang, Xian Yue, Yue Han, and Shu Feng Wang. "Calculation Algorithms for Automobiles’ Acceleration Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.996.
Анотація:
Acceleration time, as an important dynamic performance index of an automobile, is classified as acceleration time of shift and acceleration time at a given gear to evaluate an automobile’s acceleration performance. Compared with the traditional calculation method, this proposed algorithm calculates an automobile’s speed of optimal-power shift by using linear interpolation; calculates the acceleration time using Gauss integral, and calculates the acceleration time to a given distance by combining conversion method and interpolation method. A numerical example is given and the actual test results indicate that this algorithm is fit for automobile design.
28
Sun, Cheng Qi, Rui Yang, and Zhen Jiang Ma. "Modeling and Simulation of Vehicle Ride Comfort Based on MATLAB." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.229.
Анотація:
Ride comfort is an important factor to measure the performance of automobiles. The research presented in this paper investigates the effects of parameters related to suspension, wheels and tires on ride comfort. A seven freedom degrees model is established for automobiles, and the corresponding simulation model is also given. An actual automobile is taken as example to simulate its acceleration based on the above models. In addition, ride comfort simulation comparison of three types of vehicles from different manufacturers has been conducted. The outcome of the research provide useful tools for designers to optimize their automobile structure parameters to improve the design efficiency and accuracy.
29
Brock, Philip L. "Financial Controls and Economic Liberalization in Latin America." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27, no. 4 (1985): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165573.
Анотація:
Virtually all developing countries at various times abandon laissez-faire policies with respect to international trade in order to pursue government-directed strategies of industrialization. Abandonment of free trade always means that private firms and consumers no longer base their economic decisions on world prices of goods but, rather, on distorted domestic prices that alter production and consumption decisions. For example, imposition of a tariff on automobile imports raises the domestic price of automobiles in comparison with other goods in the economy. The higher relative price of automobiles has two effects: first, consumers purchase fewer automobiles because of the higher price, relative to other goods they can buy; and, second, domestic production of automobiles increases in response to the higher selling price while domestic production of other goods falls, as labor and physical capital shift away from the other sectors and toward the automotive sector.
30
Mickūnaitis, Valentinas, Alvydas Pikūnas, and Igor Mackoit. "REDUCING FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSION IN MOTOR CARS." TRANSPORT 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638119.
Анотація:
The paper considers the problem associated with the dependence of fuel consumption and CO2 emission by automobiles on their characteristics such as mass, class, engine displacement, transmission and type of fuel used. Automobiles of various classes offered in Lithuanian market were investigated from the above perspective. The main factors determining different average fuel consumption and CO2 emission by these motor cars were identified. Some measures of reducing automobile fuel consumption and CO2 emission are offered.
31
Karthikeyan, A. "Emission Control in Two Wheelers Using Magnesium Nanoparticle as a Catalyst." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.343.
Анотація:
Automobile emission is considered as the major source of pollution. Two wheelers are the main contributors in that due to its large number. For controlling the pollution the available methods of are pre-pollution control and post pollution control. This work is based on the post pollution control method in two-wheeler automobiles using magnesium as a catalyst. To achieve this objective, an innovative design of catalytic converter for two-wheeler automobiles is proposed using magnesium nanoparticle as a catalyst. This proposed method aims in the prevention of environmental pollution contributed from two-wheeler automobiles. It involves the use of magnesium which is cheaper than the counter parts rhodium nanoparticles, platinum, and palladium.
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Akai, Kenju, Yuji Kageyama, Kaoru Sato, Nariaki Nishino, and Kazuro Kageyama. "AHP Analysis of the Preference of Engineers for Suitable CFRP for Automobile Parts." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0222.
Анотація:
A questionnaire survey was conducted and analyzed with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the suitability of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) for use in automobile parts from an engineer’s viewpoint. The results indicated that carbon fiber has a higher potential for use in the framework than as an outer panel or exterior material. In addition, unidirectional and isotropic CFRPs can be used as alternatives to steel for higher-class automobiles. The critical evaluation criteria for carbon fiber are the material cost, safety, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. With the innovative carbon fiber project of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, CFRP has high potential as an alternative material for not only Class S but also Class A automobiles. In a dramatic innovation scenario with regard to the safety, stiffness, and thermal degradation of carbon fiber, CFRP was found to be a potential alternative material for more than half of the parts of Class A automobiles and several parts of Class C automobiles.
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Wang, Shaoguang, and Xiuling Wang. "Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Noise Barrier Shape and Inflow Conditions on Highway Automobiles Emission Dispersion." Fluids 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4030151.
Анотація:
Recent research has suggested that noise barriers have significant impacts on near-road automobile emissions reduction. T-shaped noise barriers have better performance on reducing noise than others, however, their effects on automobile emissions reduction are not clear. In this research, commercial software ANSYS®Fluent 19.2 (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) was applied to simulate the noise barrier shape and different inflow wind shear condition effects on highway automobiles emission dispersion. Various Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models were tested. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was selected to simulate the turbulent flow caused by fast moving vehicles on highway based on the comparison results. A non-reacting species transport model was applied to simulate emission dispersion. Results showed that the T-shaped barrier was able to help reduce highway automobiles emission concentration in downstream areas more than the rectangular barrier. An optimized range of the T-shape was proposed; under the inflow condition without wind shear, the noise barrier shape effects on automobiles emission reduction were not significant.
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JUNG, H. J., Y. H. CHO, D. S. LEE, J. C. OH, and Y. D. KWON. "A STUDY OF OPTIMUM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS WITH D.O.E FOR AUTOMOTIVE SEAT FRAME." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003832.
Анотація:
In modern times, development trend of automobiles is the tendency to prefer the high fuel efficiency of automobile. Also, the structure of seat that takes 4% of automobile's weight is the target to be secured the stability enough and attain the lightweight, To meet this, the characteristics of load to be applied to seat structure must be analyzed from the initial time, and it must be considered and designed material, thickness, distance to be assembled with recliner and condition of section through the calculation of numerical value. This study performed to reduce stress and moments to be occurred to seat frame through keep the optimum condition with D.O.E for cushion frame of seat due to passenger inertia weight at the rear Collision of automobile, This study looked for optimum values with Minitab and analyzed the cushion frame of seat with LS-DYNA, FEA tool, according to those Factor.
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R, Radha. "A Survey on Resale of Automobiles Using Emerging Technology: Blockchain." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 10, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2021.v10i05.007.
Анотація:
Block chain technology has been encircled with multiple growing industries, includes: healthcare, Banks, hospitality, travels, CPG and Retail. The salient features of Blockchain being decentralized and transparent has led it be used in digital recording of events in day to day life. Automobile sale is one such event where there is constant growth in the figure, in which re-sale being a major part. The Paper work is emphasized more in transferring the ownership in resale of automobiles and is complicated. The reliable and convenient services brought by Blockchain efficiently overcome the challenges in resale of automobiles in current scenario. Blockchain has already made its success impact in many industries, the unique challenges in automobile resale is a topic we need to bring a light on.
36
Choi, Doo-Won, and Neung-Ho Han. "A Study on the Change of Trade Competitiveness in the Automobile Industry after Japan’s Export Regulation." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.267.
Анотація:
Purpose This study analyzed how Japan’s export regulations affected the imports and exports of the automobile industry, and examined whether there was a change in the trade competitiveness of the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach In order to examine the degree of improvement in the automobile industry’s imports, exports, and trade competitiveness with Japan in Korea, the world and Japanese import and export statistical data of the automobile industry were aggregated for five periods. In addition, the change trend in the dependence on imports and exports of automobiles and parts to Japan was examined. In addition, the change in competitiveness of the Korean automobile and parts industry to Japan was examined using the trade specialization index. Findings As a result of the analysis, it was found that the trade deficit of automobiles and parts with Japan in 2021 fell compared to 2017 and 2019. In the case of import and export dependence, there was little change in export dependence, but it was confirmed that there was a significant decrease in import dependence. Korea’s dependence on exports of automobiles and parts to Japan has decreased slightly, but its dependence on imports has decreased by 10 times, which can be interpreted as Japan receiving more trade losses in the automobile industry due to the Korea-Japan trade dispute. Research Implications In the passenger car sector, it can be evaluated that there has been a result of the boycott of Japanese products, and efforts to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic cars and diversify import lines should continue to continue this in the future. In addition, in order to continue this performance in automobile parts, efforts should be made to improve product competitiveness and import dependence in more diverse item groups in the parts.
37
Choi, Jaewon, Hong Joo Lee, and Joon Yeon Choeh. "HARNESSING THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF ONLINE WORD-OF-MOUTH FOR IDENTIFYING MARKET SUCCESS OF NEW AUTOMOBILES: INPUT VERSUS OUTPUT WORD-OF-MOUTH PERSPECTIVES." E+M Ekonomie a Management 25, no. 2 (June 2022): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-2-012.
Анотація:
The automotive industry evaluates various success factors to achieve competitive advantage in selling products. Existing studies have predicted the success of newly launched automobiles based on an economic perspective. However, factors such as dynamic changes in consumer preferences and the emergence of numerous automobile brands pose difficulty in understanding product quality. This study proposes a method of understanding the automotive market using text mining techniques and online user opinions for newly launched cars. By analyzing customer experiences and expectations through their opinions, we can anticipate automobile demand in the market more easily. The proposed method is based on online reviews from an online portal for automobiles. Based on a literature review, this study presents a framework for analyzing input versus output word-of-mouth (WOM). It also integrates the success factors from existing automobile studies and derives functional categories and relevant keywords. The analysis identifies differences in consumer-interest factors that lead to short-term success or normal results in automobile sales. In addition, it confirms that the elements of WOM produces varying results depending on the timing these are employed in relation to the product launch (i.e., before or after a product’s launch). It revealed which dimensions of automobile characteristics are important factors in identifying sales volume and market share for specific types and brands of automobile models. The results of this study provide theoretical advantage in predicting market success in the automobile industry. In addition, the study derives practical insights into characteristics of classification information for market forecasts in the automotive industry. The paper provides empirical insights about how input WOM and output WOM which are analyzed differently can have predictive power in forecasting market share and sales volume for automobiles.
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Chen, Haonan. "Research on the Development Strategy of Automobile Aftermarket and The Extension of Automobile Value Chain." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 6, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v6i3.3624.
Анотація:
At present, automobiles have become an indispensable part of the society, which not only promotes the further development of the transportation industry, but also makes people's travel more convenient. Nowadays, most of the vehicles are gasoline-based, and the number of people using automobiles is constantly increasing. The industry is also developing, and people's demand for fuel resources is also increasing, which has caused great pressure on petroleum resources. Although the automobile can bring us some convenience, it will also rapidly consume the non-renewable resource of oil. The continuous progress of technology means that the automobile energy should also be optimized and reformed. In order to protect the resources accordingly, enterprises also need to choose the appropriate development direction, gradually research and develop new energy vehicles and put them into the market, so as to ensure the development of automobile related industries in a new direction.
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Lee, Kil Sung, Hyeon Kyeong Seo, Woo Chae Hwang, Jung Ho Kim, Yong Jun Yang, and In Young Yang. "A Study on the Energy Absorption Characteristics of CFRP Side Member for Fuel-Efficiency Improvement and Crush Safety." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.81.
Анотація:
Currently, the most important objective in designing automobiles is to focus on environment-friendly and safety performance aspects. For the environment-friendly aspect, the issues relate to the shift towards lightweight automobile production, for improving fuel-efficiency and reducing exhaust fumes. However, in contrast, the issues of the safety performance such as crash safety, comfort level and muti-functional programs demand increase of automobile’s weight. Therefore, the design of automobile should be inclined towards the safety aspects, but at the same time, it also should consider reducing the structural weight of an automobile. In this study, for lightweight design of side member, CFRP side member was manufactured from CFRP unidirectional prepreg sheet. The stacking condition related to the energy absorption of composite materials, is being considered as an issue for the structural efficiency. Therefore, the axial collapse tests were performed with change of the stacking condition, such as fiber orientation angle and interlaminar number. The collapse modes and energy absorption characteristics were analyzed according to fiber orientation angle and interlaminar number.
40
Liu, Shurong. "Research on Performance of Automotive Air Conditioning Filter." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 01057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124801057.
Анотація:
Explains the main sources and types of air pollutants in automobiles, and introduces methods to evaluate the effect of automobile air filters on the purification of the above-mentioned automobile air pollutants, and the purification effects of existing automobile air filter products on the market Evaluate and discuss its purification level to provide a theoretical basis for the future formulation of relevant specifications.
41
Zhao, Li Fang, Shuo Guo Zhao, and Shu Xi Gao. "Based on Fuzzy Math Method to Evaluate of Reverse Logistics of Waste Automobiles." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 3371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.3371.
Анотація:
Fuzzy mathematics is a new mathematical method, which is based on fuzzy set instead of classic set and can deal with some fuzzy set things. Now it is widely used all aspects of the quality evaluation in real life. The author accumulates some experience through the research of the theory of fuzzy mathematics and investigation of reverse logistics. The existing automobiles are increasing and waste automobiles are also more and more in China. This paper uses the fuzzy mathematics method to evaluate reverse logistics of waste automobile through the reverse logistics analysis.
42
Mikulec, A. A., S. B. Lukens, L. E. Jackson, and M. N. Deyoung. "Noise exposure in convertible automobiles." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 2 (November 25, 2010): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110002355.
Анотація:
AbstractObjective:To quantify the noise exposure received while driving a convertible automobile with the top open, compared with the top closed.Methods:Five different convertible automobiles were driven, with the top both closed and open, and noise levels measured. The cars were tested at speeds of 88.5, 104.6 and 120.7 km/h.Results:When driving with the convertible top open, the mean noise exposure ranged from 85.3 dB at 88.5 km/h to 89.9 dB at 120.7 km/h. At the tested speeds, noise exposure increased by an average of 12.4–14.6 dB after opening the convertible top.Conclusion:Driving convertible automobiles at speeds exceeding 88.5 km/h, with the top open, may result in noise exposure levels exceeding recommended limits, especially when driving with the convertible top open for prolonged periods.
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Li, Qiang, Yu Zhang, Cuixia Zhang, Xiang Wang, and Jianqing Chen. "Analysis Method and Case Study of the Lightweight Design of Automotive Parts and Its Influence on Carbon Emissions." Processes 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122560.
Анотація:
The automobile industry, as a representative in pursuing the goals of “emission peak” and “carbon neutrality”, has made low carbon a new industrial practice. With regard to low carbon, the lightweight design proves to be an effective approach to reducing carbon emissions from automobiles. Given the state of research, in which the existing lightweight design schemes of automobiles seldom consider the impact of the lightweight quality on carbon emissions during the whole life cycle of the automobiles, this paper proposes a more comprehensive lightweight design method for automobiles in regard to carbon emissions. First, the finite element method was adopted to analyze the stress, strain and safety factors of the automobile parts based on their stress, so as to identify the positions where the lightweight design was applicable. Subsequently, a lightweight scheme was designed accordingly. Next, the finite element method was re-applied to the parts whose weights had been reduced. In this way, the feasibility of the lightweight scheme was verified. In addition, a method of calculating the carbon emissions produced by changes in the mass, manufacturing processes, application and recycling of automobile parts after the application of the lightweight design was also presented. The method can be used for evaluating the low carbon benefits of the lightweight design scheme. To prove the feasibility of the method, the ZS061750-152101 wheel hub designed and manufactured by Anhui Axle Co., Ltd. was taken as an example for the case analysis. The lightweight design changes three structures of the wheel hub, reducing its weight by 1.4 kg in total. For a single wheel hub, the carbon emissions are reduced by 51.22 kg altogether. That is to say, if the lightweight scheme were to be applied to all the wheels produced by Anhui Axle Co., Ltd. (about 500,000 per year), the carbon emissions from the wheel production, application and recycling could be cut by 2.56 × 107 kg, marking a favorable emission reduction effect. The proposed method can not only provide insight into the lightweight design of automobiles and other equipment against the background of low carbon but also provide a channel for calculating the carbon emission changes in the whole process after the application of the lightweight design.
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Jones, David Arthur. "America’s Automobile: Affection or Obsession, Myth or Reality?" Review of International American Studies 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.11803.
Анотація:
Mythology plays an important part of the role of the American automobile, less so in terms of its primary function that is transportation, more so in terms of an ancillary purpose: its metaphorical significance to both owner or operator and the onlooking public. Across much of the 20th century and continuing now into the third decade of the 21st century, the American automobile has undergone many design changes that have buttressed its metaphorical significance: become streamlined, gained then lost then partially regained size together with a colorful exterior, and in the 21st century become focused on an array of interior gadgets, some cast into hibernation because of an electronic chip scarcity resulting from trade wars and the Covid-19 pandemic. Many Americans seem to have almost become besotted by automobiles, including their own and those driven by others, because in some respects the American automobile has come to define its driver. Automobiles in the United States that are visually appealing symbolize affluence, material success, preoccupation with speed, including the rapid pace of social change, as well as, at least arguably, a lesser regard for protecting the environment. On balance, in the mindset of many Americans, the automobile is larger than life, “a mode of signification, a form” in contrast to a mere machine. Change in automotive design has been heralded as the talisman of a new generation of drivers. However, what is cause and what is effect? American automobiles conflate myth and reality; that which is together with that which might be sometime temporal frustrations with the American Dream.
45
Aliyev, Farhad, Ralf Wagner, and Stefan Seuring. "Common and Contradictory Motivations in Buying Intentions for Green and Luxury Automobiles." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 3268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123268.
Анотація:
Luxury is often blamed for creating social inequality and hampering sustainability, especially in the social and environmental realms. For instance, luxury goods entice people to conspicuous consumption that may result in showing off. However, study results show that luxury and environmental sustainability have common features. Notably, previous research mainly examined motivations for green purchases in general without relating to the specific product categories such as durables. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between these two—green and luxury automobile buying intentions—by analyzing the survey results of 1601 respondents relating to more than 60 nationalities. In contrast to a substantial effect on luxury buying intentions, perceived conspicuousness has no significant positive effect on green auto purchase intentions, and that price value has a limited influence compared with the effect on luxury automobile purchase intentions. Furthermore, hedonism has a less positive impact on green auto purchase intentions compared to its impact on luxury automobile buying intentions. The ‘extended self’ and the perception of high quality have been found to be drivers of luxury and green automobile purchase intentions, while unique value appears to have no impact on purchase intentions for green and conventional luxury automobiles. The present study contributes to the extant research by investigating common and contradictory motivations for luxury and green buying intentions of automobiles. Furthermore, it suggests a reconsideration of the traditional view that luxury and environmental consumption are inconsistent and contradictory concepts. The complementary managerial implications of this study guide practitioners in positioning the situatable variants of their automobiles as ethical luxury.
46
Komilov, S., K. J. Rustamov, L. Akramova, P. Egamshukurov, and G. Tastanova. "Development of mining operations in deep quarries using automobile and combined transport." E3S Web of Conferences 515 (2024): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451503014.
Анотація:
Aim of this paper is to explore the development of mining operations in deep quarries utilizing automobile and combined transport systems to overcome these challenges. The use of automobiles in mining has been a growing trend, offering flexibility, maneuverability, and increased productivity. In deep quarries, traditional automobile transport faces limitations in terms of reach and efficiency, combined transport systems incorporating a combination of automobiles, conveyor belts, and other transport mechanisms have been proposed. This paper discusses the advantages of automobile transport in deep quarries, including its ability to navigate narrow passages and transport smaller loads efficiently. It examines the integration of combined transport systems, which leverage the strengths of automobiles alongside other modes of transportation to optimize mining operations. Key considerations in the development of these systems include infrastructure design, vehicle specifications, safety protocols, and environmental impact. By implementing innovative solutions tailored to the specific challenges of deep quarry mining, such as automated vehicle control and monitoring systems, it is possible to enhance efficiency, reduce operational costs, and improve safety standards. Also, this paper highlights case studies and examples of successful implementations of automobile and combined transport systems in deep quarries around the world. These real-world examples demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of adopting such approaches in challenging mining environments. In the paper criteria requirements and recommendations for the implementation of this process are presented in the technological processes of compaction using separators, which are carried out during the construction of highways, and the interdependence of indicators is presented through tables, graphs and calculation expressions.
47
Wang, Yu, Renrong Zheng, Yan Zhao, and Chengji Liang. "Pickup and Delivery Problem of Automobile Outbound Logistics Considering Trans-Shipment among Distribution Centers." Systems 11, no. 9 (September 3, 2023): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11090457.
Анотація:
This paper considers a pickup and delivery problem in automobile logistics. In the daily operations of a third-party logistics company (3PL), decisions must be made for two kinds of demands: delivering finished automobiles from an outbound warehouse to distribution centers (DCs) and transferring automobiles among the DCs according to specific customer orders. The problem is to assign a set of automobiles to a set of heterogeneous auto-carriers and deliver them to their destinations considering the outbound and transfer demands. Each automobile is assigned a value indicating its urgency level to be handled and a car type: small, medium, or large. Each of the auto-carriers has a specific number of slots with different types indicating the largest size of an automobile that can be loaded into the slot. An integer programming (IP) model is formulated for the problem to maximize the total loaded value and minimize the total transportation cost depending on the routing of the carriers. An improved adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm is developed to solve the problem efficiently, where a heuristic generates an initial solution, and a series of operators update the solution iteratively. Experimental results based on multi-scale instances show that the proposed algorithm can generate near-optimal solutions in an acceptable amount of time, and outperforms solving the IP model directly by CPLEX to a large extent. The algorithm can help 3PL companies make efficient and economical decisions in daily operations.
48
Yu, Gui Yin, and Lu Zhang. "Design of New Automobile Rotational Speed Measuring Device." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.325.
Анотація:
The automobile rotational speed measurement device, consisting of information collecting and processing, phase-locked loops, wave shaping, frequency division and display, can be applied for measurement of the rotational speed of automobiles with various cylinders.
49
Li, Yong, Song Jian, and Zhi Min. "Application of Ceramics Metal Functionally Graded Materials on Green Automobiles." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1925–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1925.
Анотація:
Ceramics metal functionally graded materials (FGM) is applied on the dual friction pair of the green automobiles. The structure and component characteristics of FGM are better, compared with traditional Ceramics. Even with the same components, FGM bears an outstanding mechanical performance and its cracking strength, toughness and fatigue strength are relatively superior. The influence of Ceramics metal functionally graded materials on the performance of automobiles are analyzed via a comparative research and comparison of the external characteristics of automobile is made in terms of mechanism. The results indicate that the power output, fuel consumption and durability are improved considerably on the green automobiles. Improvement is also made on the wearing capability, lubricity and sealing performance as well. Hence comes the reduction of friction loss and leakage loss. The principal abrasion mechanism of FGM is plastic flowing and the secondary are brittle failure and grain abrasion.
50
Rumyantsev, Vladislav, and Viacheslsav Savinov. "TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBON FUELS WITH A MAGNETIC FIELD IS A WAY TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS OF POWER UNITS OF TRANSPORT DEVICES." Sworld-Us Conference proceedings, usc19-01 (July 30, 2023): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/2709-2267.2023-19-01-001.
Анотація:
An analysis of the operation of automobile internal combustion engines was performed, a technical solution for treating liquid hydrocarbons with magnetic fields was proposed, and a physical result was obtained during the practical operation of automobiles