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1
Micklem, J. D., D. K. Longmore, and C. R. Burrows. "Modelling of the Steel Pushing V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 208, no. 1 (January 1994): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_094_02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The steel pushing V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) is now commercially available in the automobiles of a number of manufacturers but to date it has not led to a significant reduction in fuel consumption. To develop its full potential it is necessary to have a good mathematical model of the system. A number of models have been described in recent years but all make use of a Coulomb friction model for the shear connection between the belt and the pulleys. This paper proposes a friction model based on elastohydrodynamic theory. It is shown that there is good agreement between measured and calculated slip values for the transmission which justifies use of the model.
2
Ilyanov, S. V., N. A. Kuzmin, and G. V. Borisov. "EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF FUEL CONSUMPTIONS CONSIDERING THE SPEEDS OF CITY BUSES." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 3 (2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-3-72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the moment, there is a large number of dissertations and scientific works covering the issues of traction-speed and fuel-economic characteristics of vehicles, the results of which are presented in the form of: regression models, approximating dependencies, mathematical models based on multivariate analysis, including a number of additional coefficients. In this connection, the use of the results of these works in practice is limited, since it requires high qualifications of the МTЕ personnel and the use of special software and hardware. At the same time, at the department “Automobile transport” NSTU named after R. E. Alekseev developed a probabilistic-analytical method for predicting fuel consumption by road trains, considering the high-speed mode of movement, which shows a high convergence of results with actual average speeds only for uniform movement of buses with a constant average speed, which is not applicable to the assessment of fuel consumption of city buses. Based on the hypothesis put forward on the applicability of the Weibull-Gnedenko distribution for calculating the average speeds of city buses and the normal distribution for calculating accelerations during movement, the tasks of this study are formulated, expressed in the development of mathematical models reflecting the dependences of speeds and accelerations during bus movement in urban operating conditions, for planning their fuel consumption. To solve the set tasks, the following experimental studies were carried out: determination of the average coefficient of total road resistance; the actual distribution of speeds and accelerations when driving city buses; determination of the average actual value of fuel consumption when the bus is moving and when idle at stopping points. Based on the results of processing experimental studies, the possibility of using the Weibull-Gnedenko law to describe the actual speeds in urban conditions and the normal law to describe accelerations when driving city buses was confirmed, which allows planning fuel consumption using the analytical apparatus of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics and using the developed methodology in practice of motor transport enterprises. Based on experimental studies and theoretical studies in this area, an analytical method for planning fuel consumption for city buses, considering the speed of their movement, has been developed, which allows planning fuel consumption without additional experiments. Carrying out such studies for other types of motor vehicles and assessing unaccounted for indicators of road, transport and natural-climatic operating conditions will create a generalized analytical method for planning fuel consumption by vehicles in various operating conditions.
3
Kurganov, V. M., M. V. Gryaznov, A. N. Dorofeev, and A. A. Aduvalin. "METHODOLOGY FOR RATIONING MATERIAL RESOURCES FOR BUSES." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 1 (2022): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2022-1-102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The industry standards for the consumption of material resources currently in force in road transport are advisory in nature and are used by carriers in their current work for production planning. Industry standards, regulated, for example, by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 158 dated May 30, 2019, establish resource consumption on an average for all road carriers of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the individual operating conditions of the rolling stock and the organization of the transport process is possible only by a correction factor to the fuel consumption rate, the calculation method of which is not regulated. The result is low convergence of planned and actual traffic figures. An effective solution to this problem is the use of resource consumption rates calculated on the basis of statistical data on the consumption of material resources obtained using the means of objective control and data storage of ERP systems. This will make it possible to fully take into account the complex of significant factors that determine the volume of consumption of material resources, reduce the amount of inventory, increase the turnover of funds, and increase the accuracy of rationing and pricing processes for any trucking company. However, the substantiation of such resource consumption norms requires an assessment of the influence of significant factors, the establishment of a relationship between them and the development of a mathematical apparatus for normalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is to increase the efficiency of passenger transportation by buses based on ensuring the reliability of material resource consumption rates, taking into account individual operating conditions, is aimed at solving an urgent scientific and practical problem. Theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of the analysis of scientific and regulatory and technical literature, the legal framework, systemic, statistical, factorial and technical and economic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling of the transport process, and expert evaluation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of operating passenger transport enterprises using the methods of mathematical statistics, computer modeling, field observations. The main results of scientific novelty are: a set of qualitative characteristics and quantitative indicators of factors that determine the consumption of material resources in the operation of the bus fleet; mathematical models for calculating the consumption rates of fuels and lubricants, spare parts and car tires, as well as the corresponding standard operating costs; dependence of indicators of operating consumption of diesel fuel, resource mileage of automobile tires on the magnitude of significant factors established for domestically produced buses of various capacities. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of the development of resource saving methods in the motor transport complex.
4
Gumerov, I. F., L. I. Fardeev, S. M. Andriyanov, A. V. Kozlov, A. A. Matveev, and K. V. Milov. "Thermodynamic analysis of an engine with compression ignition according to the controlled Miller cycle." Trudy NAMI, no. 3 (October 3, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-3-27-35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction (problem statement and relevance). This article presents the thermal calculation results of an in-line six-cylinder highly accelerated engine with a displacement of 13 liters with compression ignition, according to the controlled Miller cycle. The result of the study is the main performance indicators that testify the potential for using the controlled Miller cycle with the intake valves early closing in a highly forced engine as one of the ways to improve energy efficiency.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of valve timing and the intake and exhaust valves lift on the average specific fuel consumption of a highly forced automobile engine with compression ignition at the early stages of design.Methodology and research methods. Computational and theoretical studies were carried out using mathematical modeling of thermodynamic processes in a one-dimensional setting. The reliability of the calculations was verified by comparing the simulation data and the results of experimental studies of the internal combustion engine. To develop the laws of valve lift, the method of sequential nonlinear quadratic programming was used.Scientific novelty and results. The law of valve lift of a highly accelerated automobile engine with compression ignition according to the controlled Miller cycle has been developed, which made it possible to reduce the minimum specific fuel consumption by up to 7.8% in comparison with the basic version of the engine.Practical significance. The developed thermodynamic models make it possible to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative contribution to achieving fuel efficiency through the use of the controlled Miller cycle and obtain initial data in the form of a valve lift law for further work on the development of a valve timing mechanism.
5
Matveev, A. A., I. Kh Israfilov, V. N. Nikishin, and S. M. Andriyanov. "Thermodynamic analysis of working process effective indicators of a diesel engine with an open and closed crankcase ventilation system." Trudy NAMI, no. 4 (January 5, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-4-22-30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction (problem statement and relevance). This article provides up-to-date information analysis of the crankcase gases bypass effect from the crankcase ventilation system to the compression ignition engine intake. The paper considers the information on the variants of the crankcase ventilation systems of modern engines. The article reveals the necessity to analyze the engine working process at the design and development stage of a closed crankcase ventilation system. The legislative requirements for the implementation of the ventilation system to ensure safe environmental performance have been indicated. The purpose of the study was to assess both open and closed ventilation system effect on the crankcase space indicators, in particular, on the average specific fuel consumption, with reference to a high-performance automobile engine with compression ignition.Methodology and research methods. Theoretical and computational studies were carried out with the help of mathematical statistics and thermodynamics methods in a one-dimensional setting. The verification of the calculations reliability was carried out by comparing the simulation data and the results the internal combustion engine experimental studies.Scientific novelty and results. A thermodynamic model of a high-performance automobile engine compression ignition V8 CHN 12/13 with an open and closed ventilation system of the crankcase space has been developed. The model made it possible to evaluate the effect of crankcase gases bypass back to the engine cylinder intake.Practical significance. The developed thermodynamic models confirmed the insignificant effect on the working process of the V8 CHN 12/13 engine by bypassing crankcase gases back to the cylinder inlet.
6
Çapraz, Ahmet Gürcan, Pınar Özel, Mehmet Şevkli, and Ömer Faruk Beyca. "Fuel Consumption Models Applied to Automobiles Using Real-time Data: A Comparison of Statistical Models." Procedia Computer Science 83 (2016): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.166.
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Sabo, Kristian, Rudolf Scitovski, Ivan Vazler, and Marijana Zekić-Sušac. "Mathematical models of natural gas consumption." Energy Conversion and Management 52, no. 3 (March 2011): 1721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.037.
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Zhang, Qian, Shaopeng Tian, and Xinyan Lin. "Recent Advances and Applications of AI-Based Mathematical Modeling in Predictive Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management in China." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Artificial intelligence is widely used in mathematical modeling. The technical means in mathematical modeling are more and more diversified, especially the application of artificial intelligence algorithm greatly promotes the development of mathematical modeling. In recent years, because of its great influence on the fuel consumption, output power and exhaust performance of automobiles, the control strategy has become a research hotspot and focus in automobile R&D industry. Therefore, based on the relevant research results in recent years, after studying and analyzing the typical control strategies of hybrid vehicles, this paper finally puts forward the energy management strategy of hybrid vehicles based on model predictive control (MPC), and strives to contribute to the academic research of energy management strategies of hybrid vehicles.
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Yeom, Chan-Uk, and Keun-Chang Kwak. "Performance Evaluation of Automobile Fuel Consumption Using a Fuzzy-Based Granular Model with Coverage and Specificity." Symmetry 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11121480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The predictive performance of different granular models (GMs) was compared and analyzed for methods that evenly divide linguistic context in information granulation-based GMs and perform flexible partitioning. GMs are defined by input and output space information transformations using context-based fuzzy C-means clustering. The input space information transformation is directly induced by the output space context. Usually, the output space context is evenly divided. In this paper, the linguistic context was flexibly divided by stochastically distributing data in the output space. Unlike most fuzzy models, this GM yielded information segmentation. Their performance is usually evaluated using the root mean square error, which utilizes the difference between the model’s output and ground truth. However, this is inadequate for the performance evaluation of information innovation-based GMs. Thus, the GM performance was compared and analyzed using the linguistic context partitioning by selecting the appropriate performance evaluation method for the GM. The method was augmented by the coverage and specificity of the GMs output as the performance index. For the GM validation, its performance was compared and analyzed using the auto MPG dataset. The GM with flexible partitioning of linguistic context performed better. Performance evaluation using the coverage and specificity of the membership function was validated.
10
Shkrabak, V. S., and N. I. Dzhabborov. "Method for determining probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of a gas turbine engine as a part of arable unit." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes the method for determining the probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of a gas turbine engine as a part of arable unit. When justifying mathematical models for determining probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine, the method of the random argument function of professor L. Ageev was implemented. To improve the accuracy of calculations in determining the probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of a gas turbine engine correction factors (or functions) and formulas for their determination are proposed. The mathematical expectation of the specific fuel consumption, the inverse of the normally distributed argument, in this case the effective power of the gas turbine engine is not equal to the reciprocal of the mathematical expectation of the argument. This inequality varies depending on the coefficient of variation of effective power, which should also be taken into account when determining the dispersion and the standard deviation of the specific fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine. Experimental studies of arable unit consisting of a gas turbine tractor (GTT) with GTD-350T gas turbine engine and a mounted plow with variable width PNI-8 / 9-40, to verify the reliability of mathematical models of probabilistic estimates of the specific fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine, were conducted in the fields of training and experimental household of the Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University. The proposed method allows to determine the average and optimal values of the mathematical expectation, variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the effective specific fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine in the composition of various agricultural units.
11
Szodrai, Ferenc. "Quantitative Analysis of Drag Reduction Methods for Blunt Shaped Automobiles." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 4313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In fluid mechanics, drag related problems aim to reduce fuel consumption. This paper is intended to provide guidance for drag reduction applications on cars. The review covers papers from the beginning of 2000 to April 2020 related to drag reduction research for ground vehicles. Research papers were collected from the library of Science Direct, Web of Science, and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Achieved drag reductions of each research paper was collected and evaluated. The assessed research papers attained their results by wind tunnel measurements or calculating validated numerical models. The study mainly focuses on hatchback and notchback shaped ground vehicle drag reduction methods, such as active and passive systems. Quantitative analysis was made for the drag reduction methods where relative and absolute drag changes were used for evaluations.
12
Cherednichenko, Oleksandr, Serhiy Serbin, Mykhaylo Tkach, Jerzy Kowalski, and Daifen Chen. "Mathematical Modelling of Marine Power Plants with Thermochemical Fuel Treatment." Polish Maritime Research 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2022-0030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The article considers the methodological aspects of the theoretical investigation of marine power plants with thermochemical fuel treatment. The results of the study of the complex influence of temperature, pressure, and the ratio of steam / base fuel on the thermochemical treatment efficiency are presented. The adequacy of the obtained regression dependences was confirmed by the physical modelling of thermochemical fuel treatment processes. For a gas turbine power complex with a thermochemical fuel treatment system, the characteristics of the power equipment were determined separately with further merging of the obtained results and a combination of material and energy flow models. Algorithms, which provide settings for the mathematical models of structural and functional blocks, the optimisation of thermochemical energy transformations, and verification of developed models according to the indicators of existing gas turbine engines, were created. The influence of mechanical energy consumption during the organisation of thermochemical processing of fuel on the efficiency of thermochemical recuperation is analysed.
13
Hamed, Mohammad M., and Walid M. Abdelwahab. "Effect of government policies and vehicle marketing strategies on household vehicle demand and fuel consumption." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 3 (June 1, 1996): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-867.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this paper is to develop demand models to forecast household vehicle demand and corresponding fuel consumption in Jordan. Understanding the factors that influence household vehicle quantity holdings provides a useful tool for developing strategies aimed at curtailing the contribution of automobiles towards environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and traffic accidents in urban areas. The demand for automobile and fuel by a household is simultaneously estimated by a joint discrete and continuous choice model. A multinomial logit model is used to examine the number of vehicles owned by a household, whereas a multiple regression model is used to predict the amount of fuel consumed. A random sample of households from the Greater Amman area is used to estimate demand and choice models. Results suggest that the socioeconomic characteristics of a household, government policies relating to vehicle import duties and vintage, and private sector marketing strategies, all influence a household's decision on the number of vehicles owned. Results strongly show that households with different vehicle ownership levels respond differently to government policies and car dealers' marketing strategies. Policy makers and transportation planners can use the results of this study to forecast the expected demand for used cars, and the increase in the number of new cars, given a set of government and private sector strategies. The results also can be used to predict fuel demand at various levels of household vehicle ownership. Transportation planners can also use these results to assist in formulating strategies regarding urban road network improvements, and future demand for public transportation. Key words: vehicle ownership, fuel consumption, logit model, government policy.
14
Tsukanov, Ruslan, and Viktor Riabkov. "Transport category airplane flight range calculation accounting center-of-gravity position shift and engine throttling characteristics." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 5 (October 6, 2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2021.5.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A problem facing world commercial aviation is a provision of the flight range and an increase in the fuel efficiency of transport category airplanes using fuel trim transfer application, which allows for decreasing airplane trim drag at cruise flight. In the existing mathematical models, center-of-gravity position is usually assumed fixed, but with fuel usage, center-of-gravity shifts within the definite range of center-of-gravity positions. Until the fuel trim transfer was not used in airplanes, the center-of-gravity shift range was rather short, that allowed to use the specified assumption without any considerable mistakes. In case of fuel trim transfer use, center-of-gravity shifts can reach 15…20 % of mean aerodynamic chord, that requires considering the center-of-gravity actual position during the flight range calculation. Early made estimated calculations showed the necessity of following mathematical model improvement using accounting the real engine throttling characteristics. The goal of this publication is to develop a method of flight range calculation taking transport category airplane into account actual center-of-gravity position with fuel using and variation in engine-specific fuel consumption according to their throttling characteristics. On the basis of real data from engine maintenance manuals, formulas are obtained for approximation throttling characteristics of turbofan engines in the form of dimensionless specific fuel consumption (related to the specific fuel consumption at full thrust) dependence on the engine throttling coefficient. A mathematical model (algorithm and its program implementation using С language in Power Unit 11.7 R03 system) has been developed to calculate the airplane flight range accounting its actual center-of-gravity position shift with fuel usage and variation in specific fuel consumption according to engine throttling characteristics. Using comparison with known payload-range diagram, adequacy of developed mathematical model is shown. Recommendations to improve the mathematical model are also given.
15
Takács, Dénes, and Gábor Stépán. "Contact patch memory of tyres leading to lateral vibrations of four-wheeled vehicles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1993 (June 28, 2013): 20120427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been shown recently that the shimmy motion of towed wheels can be predicted in a wide range of parameters by means of the so-called memory effect of tyres. This delay effect is related to the existence of a travelling-wave-like motion of the tyre points in contact with the ground relative to the wheel. This study shows that the dynamics within the small-scale contact patch can have an essential effect on the global dynamics of a four-wheeled automobile on a large scale. The stability charts identify narrow parameter regions of increased fuel consumption and tyre noise with the help of the delay models that are effective tools in dynamical problems through multiple scales.
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Miranda, Lima Rose. "Emerging iron-making technologies — their coal consumption using simple mathematical models." Fuel 72, no. 5 (May 1993): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(93)90669-s.
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Barybin, M. "MODEL OF SETTING THE AMOUNT OF FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR THE TRACTION OF DIESEL TRAINS AND RAIL BUSES." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", no. 39 (June 30, 2022): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-39-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the issues of determining the fuel consumption for traction of diesel multiple unit trains of the fleet of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsya". The criteria for the optimality of mathematical models are formed and the method of fuel consumption for train traction is considered. The inconsistency of the current method with the requirements of adaptability, hardware-software orientation, ease of use was established, and the non-compliance with the ISO 50001 "Energy Management Systems" standard was determined. The physical process of fuel consumption for traction by diesel rolling stock and the method of substitution by the proposed mathematical model under operating conditions are graphically reflected. The main components of fuel consumption and methods for their determination are established. Based on the law of conservation of mechanical energy, a model for determining fuel consumption is proposed and comprehensive information is provided on all components of the model. The results of the calculation of the impact coefficients are given and a list of technical features of the operation park of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsya" is given. On the basis of the real traction arm Okhtyrka-Smorodino, the fuel consumption for traction, idling and the total amount of energy resources consumed by different types of traction units are established. The recalculation of fuel consumption per 1 passenger of the specified service shoulder is graphically reflected, recommendations are given for the efficient use of traction rolling stock, and the need for the use of automated rationing systems is determined.
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Yüksel, Onur, and Burak Köseoğlu. "Regression Modelling Estimation of Marine Diesel Generator Fuel Consumption and Emissions." Transactions on Maritime Science 11, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v11.n01.w08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to estimate the fuel consumption of marine diesel generators onboard. Objective technical specifications and operational data on the ship's power generating plants and port calls were collected from an oceangoing oil/chemical tanker and used to develop the mathematical model of the plant in the Python and MATLAB environment. The model consists of alternators, prime movers and load distributions of the ship’s power generating plant and provides information on fuel consumption in metric tons calculated based on hours of operation and specific fuel consumption data. Regression models have helped predict future fuel consumption for the plant and the optimal model for the dataset was identified by comparing four different algorithms. As the results have shown the Ordinary Least Squares Regression to be optimum, it was used to make one, five, and ten-year predictions. The predictions for one-year, five-year, and ten-year periods are 4,322,436, 10,684,860, and 18,615,472 t respectively. The selected model predicts fuel consumption with R2 of 0.999, MAE of 3.932, and RMSE of 2.935. Fuel consumption predictions facilitated plant emission calculation.
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Bolandnazar, Elham, Abbas Rohani, and Morteza Taki. "Energy consumption forecasting in agriculture by artificial intelligence and mathematical models." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 42, no. 13 (April 22, 2019): 1618–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1604872.
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GÜRAL, Yunus, and Ayşe Turan BUĞATEKİN. "Evaluation of Car Performances Using Data Envelopment Analysis." ITM Web of Conferences 22 (2018): 01051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182201051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method used to examine the relative efficiencies of Decision Making Units (DMUs) on conditions where there are multiple inputs and multiple outputs. As in all sectors, it is very important for the automotive sector to operate effectively. Therefore, it is also important to measure the efficiency and find the source of the inefficiency. In this study, the performances of the DMU of the automobiles will examine using Data Envelopment Analysis. In this direction, it is aimed to assist consumers in purchasing by calculating the relative efficiencies of automobile models, determining effective and ineffective DMUs according to the wishes of the consumers. Sales price and fuel consumption are determined as input variables; maximum speed, cylinder volume, horsepower, maximum torque, luggage volume, acceleration time from 0 to 100 km are determined as output variables.
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Samuel, Mbelle Bisong, Paune Felix, Youmene Nongosso Miguel, Tambere Samam Cyrille, and Pierre Kisito Talla. "STUDY AND SIMULATION OF THE FUEL CONSUMPTION OF A VEHICLE WITH RESPECT TO AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND WEATHER CONDITIONS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i1.2020.480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The consumption of fuel in vehicles depends on many factors such as the state of the roads, the state of the engine and the driver’s behavior. A mathematical model for evaluating vehicle fuel consumption on a 100 km interval at standard operating weather conditions was developed. This mathematical model developed took into consideration many factors, but the main factors were those related to weather conditions and temperature. Here a new simulation program for determining the influence of temperature and weather conditions on fuel consumption is built using the software Matlab. For efficient simulations the model uses a set of data for an SUV and then makes varying only the parameters that are related to weather and temperature for the simulation. During the simulation process, a set of 10 vehicle models and 8 roads conditions were chosen to run down the simulations and only the parameters of temperature, the drag coefficient and coefficient of rolling resistances respectively were subjected to variations during each of the simulations. Upon simulation, different results were obtained for the different parameters considered. For every 15% drop in temperature, 0.1litre, 0.12litre and 0.04litre increase in fuel consumption for the set of parameters chosen was noticed. These results were analyzed and interpreted with the help of Microsoft Excel and were found to be satisfactory given that it permits manufacturers and car users to have a notion of the impact of ambient temperature and weather conditions on fuel consumption, thereby promoting optimum usage of fuel, hence reducing the effect of greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere.
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Televnyi, I. "CREATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION DURING TESTS TO DETERMINE THE FUEL CONSUMPTION OF THE HELICOPTER WITH EXHAUST- HEAT SHIELDS." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 8 (June 29, 2021): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.8.2021.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing effectiveness of guided missile weapons, the problem of protecting helicopters from these means of destruction is becoming increasingly important. To date, the issue of assessing the protection of helicopters in tests of helicopter equipment are insufficiently developed and require more careful consideration. Therefore, the research of the protection of helicopters equipped with an integrated protection system against guided missiles with infra-red target seeker devices and the impact of exhaust-heat shields on the values of flight characteristics of the helicopter is quite relevant.
The article researches the influence of exhaust-heat shields on the flight technical characteristics of helicopters, their change during the installation of exhaust-heat shields. The estimation of the change in geometric, mass and center characteristics of helicopters by the calculation method is given and the method determining the characteristics of fuel consumption by the calculation and experimental method is given. The methodology and results of experimental researches of flight technical characteristics of the helicopter with the established exhaust-heat shield are described.
The basic result of the research is the study of existing methods for determining the impact of exhaust-heat shields on the flight characteristics of helicopters. Methods of parametric identification for determination of fuel consumption are worked out and the analysis of flight technical characteristics of the helicopter is developed. The fuel consumption of the helicopter with exhaust-heat shield is defined. Integrated assessment of the effectiveness of protection of helicopters from guided missiles with infra-red targeting device can be directly used in practice in test systems for the protection of upgraded and the latest models of helicopters. According to the results of research, mathematical models for determining the fuel consumption of a helicopter with exhaust-heat shields have been developed.
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Johar, Tehseen, and Chiu-Fan Hsieh. "Design Challenges in Hydrogen-Fueled Rotary Engine—A Review." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rotary engine (RE) is a potential power plant for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and automobiles because of its structural and design merits. However, it has some serious drawbacks, such as frequent maintenance requirements and excessive fuel consumption. This review paper presents the current status of hydrogen-fueled rotary engine (HRE) technology and identifies the existing research and development gaps in combustion efficiency and performance of this engine that might benefit transportation sector. Focusing primarily on the research from past ten years, the crucial challenges encountered in hydrogen-powered rotary engines have been reviewed in terms of knock, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, and seal leakages. The paper identifies the recent advances in design concepts and production approaches used in hydrogen-fueled rotary engines such as geometric models of trochoid profiles, port configurations, fuel utilization systems, and currently available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. This review article is an attempt to collect and organize literature on existing design methods up to date and provide recommendations for further improvements in RE technology.
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Stennikov, V. A., and I. V. Postnikov. "Methods for Comprehensive Analysis of Heat Supply Reliability." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 2, no. 4 (October 2013): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2013100107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with the problem of comprehensive analysis of heat supply reliability for consumers. It implies a quantitative assessment of the impact of all stages of heat energy production and distribution on heat supply reliability for each consumer of the heat supply system. A short review of existing methods for the analysis of fuel and heat supply reliability is presented that substantiates the key approaches to solving the problem of comprehensive analysis of heat supply reliability. A methodological approach is suggested, in which mathematical models and methods for nodal evaluation of heat supply reliability for consumers are developed and the studies on the impact of different elements of fuel and heat supply systems on its level are described. Mathematical modeling is based on the Markov random processes, models of flow distribution in a heat network, deterministic dependences of thermal processes of heat energy consumption and some other models.
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Vaskov, A. G., N. Y. Mozder, and A. F. Narynbaev. "Modelling of Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1211, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1211/1/012011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The article highlights the problems of distributed energy generation and focuses on solar-diesel hybrid power plant modelling and optimization. Designing power systems based on renewable energy sources includes a very relevant task of building mathematical models of such systems and their elements. The article presents an approach and definition of mathematical models describing photovoltaic-diesel (PV-D) hybrid power system elements used in decision making processes as a part of PV-D operation control. An overview of PV module output power, performance and temperature models is given. Along with the analysis of the specific fuel consumption dependencies on the operating power of the diesel generator, an example of diesel power plant unit commitment is shown.
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Selivanovs, Jevgenijs, Dagnija Blumberga, Jelena Ziemele, Andra Blumberga, and Aiga Barisa. "Research of Woody Biomass Drying Process in Pellet Production." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-012-0017-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper presents results of experimental research on wood chips and sawdust drying in a rotary dryer. Empirical models for the assessment of two dependent parameters of the drying process were created based on the results of experimental data. The mathematical description of the relationship between the independent variable - reduced sawdust moisture content - and dependent variable - specific fuel consumption - is represented by a linear equation.
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Kislov, Oleh, Maya Ambrozhevich, and Mykhailo Shevchenko. "Development of a method to improve the calculation accuracy of specific fuel consumption for performance modeling of air-breathing engines." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 8 (110) (April 30, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.229515.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Determination of specific fuel consumption of air-breathing engines is one of the problems of modeling their performance. As a rule, the estimation error of the specific fuel consumption while calculating air-breathing engine performance is greater than that of thrust. In this work, this is substantiated by the estimation error of the fuel-air ratio, which weakly affects thrust but significantly affects the specific fuel consumption. The presence of a significant error in the fuel-air ratio is explained by the use of simplified methods, which use the dependence of enthalpy as a function of mixture temperature and composition without taking into account the effect of pressure. The developed method to improve the calculation accuracy of specific fuel consumption of air-breathing engines is based on the correction of the fuel-air ratio in the combustor, determined by the existing mathematical models. The correction of the fuel-air ratio is made using the dependences of enthalpy on mixture temperature, pressure and composition. The enthalpy of the mixture is calculated through the average isobaric heat capacity obtained by integrating the isobaric heat capacity, depending on mixture temperature, pressure and composition. The calculation accuracy of the fuel-air ratio was verified by comparing it with the known experimental data on the combustion chamber of the General Electric CF6-80A engine (USA). The average calculation error of the fuel-air ratio does not exceed 3 %. The developed method was applied for correcting the specific fuel consumption for calculating the altitude-airspeed performance of the D436-148B turbofan engine (Ukraine), which made it possible to reduce the estimation error of the fuel-air ratio and specific fuel consumption to an average of 3 %
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Kuznetsov, N., and O. Lysenko. "Determination of the Optimal Algorithm for the Operation of a Hybrid Power System with a Regulating Generator." Problems of the Regional Energetics, no. 3(55) (August 2022): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2022.3-55.07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of preventing the imbalance caused by the stochastic nature of RES by regulating the electricity accumulation and the backup generator. The subject of the research is random processes of energy generation and consumption. The goal is achieved by a mathematical model construction in which the system parameters would be formalized and allow the choice of optimal options. The mathematical model uses random functions to obtain statistical estimates, and is implemented as sequential models of energy generation and consumption as an integrated random process. The models’ adequacy is confirmed by comparing the simulated and real indicators for a number of existing RES in Ukraine. The proposed approach made it possible to establish the presence of system parameters that minimize energy losses and consumption, reduce the probability of energy imbalance, and effectively use the reserve power. The proposed mathematical model allows determining the probability of various system states, it estimates the reliability of energy supply, and minimizes losses at the stages of designing a power system and planning its operating modes. The above estimates are typical for certain climatic conditions and modes of energy consumption, and are of a specific nature. The significance of the work lies in the fact that the proposed formulation of the problem makes it possible to adapt the mathematical model to various conditions, to find implicit dependencies between the technical parameters of the system and its indicators in order to find optimal solutions.
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Chikishev, Evgeniy, and Sergei Iarkov. "Evaluation of the impact of ambient temperature on fuel consumption by diesel and CNG buses." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 01056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236301056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper is devoted to the problem of bus operation in various climatic, road and transport conditions. The reasons for replacing diesel buses with more environmentally friendly ones using natural gas are described. Experimental studies on the operation of large-class buses –LiAZ-529265 diesel bus and LiAZ-529267 CNG bus in an urban environment are given. The dependences of the influence of various ambient temperatures on fuel consumption are obtained, and mathematical models that describe these dependences are proposed. The range of studied temperatures is from minus 31°C to +37°C. As a result of drivingexperiments, it was found that the natural gas consumption of the LiAZ-529267 bus is 23-24% higher than that of the diesel counterpart under similar road and transport operating conditions. The deviation between the minimum and maximum values of diesel fuel consumption is 37-45%. For compressed natural gas, the deviations were 36-43%. However, the equivalent cost of purchasing natural gas is 52% lower than that of diesel fuel.
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SILACHAI, Anuak, and Suriya PRASOMTHONG. "Optimized parameter of dissimilar joining between Al6061-T6 and height-strength steel with friction stir spot welding process (FSSW)." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 32, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i4.1538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-strength steel and aluminum alloys are used to manufacture modern vehicles. The objective was to reduce the weight and fuel consumption of the vehicles. In this study the optimum parameters for the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process between Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy and HSS590 high-strength steel were determined. Response surface methodology based on central composite design (CCD) with three parameters, five levels, and 19 runs was used to conduct experiments and develop mathematical regression models. The three joint parameters were tool speed, welding feed, and dwell time. Analysis of variance was then performed to examine the adequacy of the developed models. Finally, the effects of the process parameters on the mechanical properties were investigated using mathematical models. In addition, the distribution of the chemical composition and fracture characteristics of the joints was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigation found that the optimum welding parameters were a tool speed of 1576 rpm, welding feed rate of 45 mm∙min-1, and dwell time of 10 s. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the mathematical models and experiments were consistent.
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Shinkevich, A. I., T. V. Malysheva, and L. N. Ivanova. "MONITORING ENERGY SAVING PROCESSES IN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS BASED ON MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 23, no. 4 (2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2021-23-4-57-64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the urgent problem of organizing and managing resource-saving industrial chemical-technological systems and increasing the competitiveness of products. To increase the efficiency of the implementation of energy-saving technologies, it is necessary to conduct continuous energy monitoring and control, which is currently difficult due to the imperfection of the mechanism for the practical implementation of energy management systems. The purpose of the article is to study the trends in the dynamics of the energy component of the cost of production and the transformation of the structure of energy resources, to assess the maximum rate of electricity losses in chemical-technological systems on the basis of mathematical statistics. To achieve this goal, the article uses scientific and organizational approaches to the study of the energy efficiency of chemical technological systems, among the methods of mathematical modeling, methods of descriptive statistics have been effectively applied, and a method is proposed for assessing energy losses based on the dependence of the range of limit values of energy consumption on the average rate according to the best available technologies. Positive trends in the change in the energy consumption of products of chemical-technological systems in general for all resources have been determined against the background of an increase in electrical energy consumption and a decrease in heat consumption. A fairly significant movement of the structure of fuel and energy resources for certain items was revealed, which is associated with a change in the cost of fuel and electricity, the introduction of new technologies into production, as well as a certain effect from the implementation of energy conservation programs. A positive trend has been established to reduce the amount of energy losses at Russian industrial enterprises while maintaining a relatively high level of technological losses in absolute terms. The necessity of taking into account the absolute value of the energy consumption of products when determining the rate of loss of energy resources at the stage of design or modernization of chemical production is substantiated on the basis of the revealed correlation dependences of the range of limit values of electricity consumption from the average rate of energy consumption. The limiting limits of the norms for the loss of electrical energy are estimated on the example of solution polymerization rubbers with different levels of electrical energy capacity during production. The results of the study are theoretically and practically significant for the development of models and algorithms for intelligent energy systems intended for monitoring the level of consumption and losses of energy resources in chemical-technological systems with subsequent diagnostics of deviations in resource consumption from the specified values.
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Meneses, Neil Andrew I., and Jocelyn S. Buluran. "Analysis of Pedestrian Performance by Integrating both Quantitative and Qualitative Factors." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 1100–1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-06-02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The importance of non-motorized movements, explicitly walking, and its corresponding impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects has always been overlooked due to the convenience brought by motorized vehicles. An automobile-dependent society mirrors the rise and worsening of several transportation problems, such as road-wide traffic congestion, massive fuel consumption, and excessive CO2emissions. In response to these aggravating situations and in support of various national and international calls, the main objective of this study was to extract the significant factors influencing the pedestrian level of service and walkability and to subsequently develop a predictive mathematical model for evaluating pedestrian conditions. Factors influencing the pedestrian level of service and walkability were initially identified through an extensive review and evaluation of existing studies, literature, and other relevant resources. A cause-and-effect analysis was used to develop an Ishikawa Diagram tackling pedestrian performance. The finalized factors were incorporated into the development of the Pedestrian Performance Assessment Questionnaire (PPAQ), which was utilized for data acquisition. Survey responses were then subjected to factor analysis after satisfying several tests for assumptions and suitability to extract the root causes influencing pedestrian performance. The validated root causes were then integrated to form the Pedestrian Performance Audit Tool (PPAT), a tool used in evaluating pedestrian areas in Tarlac City, Philippines. Data was analyzed through ordinal regression analysis to develop the multi-objective pedestrian performance prediction model. Results showed that there are six critical predictors of pedestrian performance unified in the final mathematical model: Pedestrian Space (PS), Official’s Intervention (OI), Ambiance (A), Vibrance (V), Street Vendors (SV), and Trash Bins (TB), and is the most significant contribution of the study. The model's validity was ascertained through a confusion matrix, which resulted in an acceptable rating. The comparison between calculated and perceived values together with the use of odds ratios served as the basis for the interpretation of some of the key results and findings. Finally, recommendations were also presented which can be a basis for the development of sustainable programs and interventions for the improvement of the pedestrian system. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-02 Full Text: PDF
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Sadripour, Soroush, Mohammad Estajloo, Seyed Abdolmehdi Hashemi, Ali J. Chamkha, and Mahmoud Abbaszadeh. "Optimization of four models flatbread bakery machines in Iran." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 6 (September 26, 2019): 3399–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-11-2018-0636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to reduce energy consumption in bakeries. Due to fulfill this demand, quite a few parameters such as energy and exergy efficiency, energy waste and fuel consumption by different traditional flatbreads bakeries (Sangak, Barbari, Taftun and Lavash should be monitored and their roles should not be neglected. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, experimental measurements and mathematical modeling are used to scrutinize and investigate the effects of the aforementioned parameters on energy consumption by bakeries. Findings The results show that by doing reported methods in this paper, the wasted energy of the walls can be decreased by about 65 per cent; and also, by controlling the combustion reaction to perform with 5 per cent excess air, the wasted energy of excess air declines by about 90 per cent. And finally, the energy and exergy efficiency of bakeries is increased, and as a result, the annual energy consumption of Sangak, Barbari, Taftun and Lavash bakeries diminish about 71, 59, 57 and 40 per cent, respectively. Originality/value As evidenced by the literature review, it can be observed that neither numerical studies nor experimental investigations have been conducted about energy and exergy analyses of Iranian machinery traditional flatbread bakeries. It is clear that due to a high preference of Iranians to use the traditional bread and also the popularity of baking this kind of bread in Iran, if it is possible to enhance the traditional oven conditions to decrease the loss of natural gas instead of industrializing the bread baking, the energy consumption in the country can be optimized.
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An, Kwangman, Hyehyun Kang, Youngkuk An, Jinil Park, and Jonghwa Lee. "Methodology of Excavator System Energy Flow-Down." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the strengthening of air-quality regulations, researchers have been investigating methods to improve excavator energy efficiency. Many researchers primarily conducted simulation studies employing mathematical models to analyze the energy consumption of excavator systems, which is necessary to examine the fuel efficiency improvement margin and the improvement effect. However, to effectively study the improvement of excavator efficiency, the real-time energy consumption characteristics must be examined through simulations and analyses of actual equipment-based energy consumption. Accordingly, this study establishes an energy flow-down model for the entire excavator system based on actual equipment tests. A measurement system is built to measure the required data, thereby establishing an experimental methodology for modeling each component. This paper presents an excavator system energy flow-down methodology that integrates the energy flow-down model, measurement system, and experimental methodology. This methodology was applied to dig and dump operations, and the energy consumption characteristics were analyzed. An analysis of the operating modes indicates that 59.8% of the total fuel energy was consumed in the engine system, 17% in the hydraulic system, and 23.2% in the hydraulic actuation systems. The methodology can be used to help analysis of the fuel efficiency improvement margin under various conditions.
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Komyakov, A. A. "Нормирование и прогнозирование расхода топливно- энергетических ресурсов в производственных процессах на железнодорожном транспорте с использованием информационных технологий". Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, № 2 (2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-2-35-43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article reflects issues of improvement of norm setting and forecasting of power resources consumption through improvement of scientific and methodological principles of efficiency enhancement of railway resource-saving operating systems, they including transition from operational methods of fuel and power resources consumption, from the achieved level of power consumption to the methods which imply elaboration and application of mathematical models of power resources and development of organizational structure of control over railway fuel and power resources with reference to delegation of authority in development of projects related to power resources at the level of subsidiaries and linear subdivisions. The algorithm was suggested which describes principles of organization of forecasting of fuel and power resources (FPR) on railway transport, including regulations of interaction of RZD JSC structural subdivisions in setting tasks to save FPR in non-traction work and making an yearly plan for FPR cost-effectiveness. The advanced methods on the basis of artificial neural networks (ANN) were suggested as methodological foundation of FPR consumption forecasting on the level of structural subdivisions. We suggest that planning of tasks for FPR cost-effectiveness should be made at the level of RZD JSC subsidiaries and structural subdivisions on the basis of developed procedure of task setting to RZD JSC subsidiaries related to FPR cost-effectiveness.
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Chen, Shiyi, Wei Chen, Ahsanullah Soomro, Lijuan Luo, and Wenguo Xiang. "Multi-objective economic emission dispatch of thermal power plants based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process." Energy & Environment 31, no. 5 (October 20, 2019): 785–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19882387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, mathematical models for a synthesized evaluation were established according to grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process. The models were used to select a power dispatch scheme considering hierarchies of material consumption, electrical efficiency, exergy efficiency, and environmental benefit. Four unit dispatch schemes, i.e., proportional fair allocation dispatch, conventional economic dispatch, economic emission dispatch, and economic emission dispatch with varied weights were investigated and compared. Analytic hierarchy process decision-making approach has been employed to find the optimal Pareto solution as the best tradeoff between cost and pollutant emission. The model indicated that the economic emission dispatch was preferred as the best option and could further reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emission, followed by the economic emission dispatch with varied weights. The assessment performed serves decision makers a valuable reference for policy making in the power dispatch sector.
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Efremova, Tatiana, and Sergey Shchegolev. "Boiler drum automatic power management system." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022201009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dynamic properties of boiler sections as control objects are studied. The requirements for mathematical models and the main adjustable parameters in drum boilers are determined, on the basis of which the requirements for the designed model are made. The construction of a block diagram and calculation of transfer functions of the automatic control system of the control object. The main types of disturbances are determined: feed water and steam consumption, consumer load, fuel consumption, and feed water temperature. Each perturbation is represented as a control action. Models of the object using perturbation channels are obtained. The article considers the construction of an effective model of the system of automatic control of the drum boiler power supply based on the system’s working out of disturbing influences. The paper uses the Matlab application software and the Simulink graphical programming environment.
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Trost, Daniel, Adam Polcar, Dorin Boldor, Divine Bup Nde, Artur Wolak, and Vojtěch Kumbár. "Temperature Dependence of Density and Viscosity of Biobutanol-Gasoline Blends." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Butanol seems to be an eligible fuel for compensating for the increasing fuel consumption. Biobutanol could be produced from local sources in the place of use. Its properties show similar results to gasoline, so biobutanol could be added as a biocomponent into fuels. Important properties, in the case of blending biobutanol into gasoline, are its fluid properties and their dependence on the temperature. Therefore, in this paper, the volumetric mass density and viscosity of the selected ratios between biobutanol and gasoline (0, 5, 10, 85, 100 vol.%) were tested over the temperature range from −10 °C up to 40 °C. Gasolines with a 95 Research Octane Number (RON 95) and with a 98 Research Octane Number (RON 98) were used. It was observed that as the temperature increased, the viscosity and volumetric mass density of the samples decreased nonlinearly. Four mathematical models were used for modelling the viscosity. The accuracy of models was evaluated and compared according to the coefficient of determination R2 and sum of squared estimate of errors (SSE). The results show that blends with 5 vol.% and 10 vol.% of biobutanol promise very similar fluid properties to pure gasoline. In contrast, a blend with 85 vol.% of biobutanol shows different fluid properties from gasoline, especially in negative temperatures, a lot. For practical applications, mathematical polynomial multivariate models were created. Using these models, three-dimensional graphs were constructed.
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Anisimov, Victor, and Vasyl Muzychuk. "DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL FUEL RESOURCE AUTOTRACTOR DIESEL EQUIPMENT BY MATHEMATICAL MODELING WITH METHOD APPLICATION SMALL DEVELOPMENTS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 3(110) (October 30, 2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-3-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The reliability of automotive internal combustion engines is a function of the reliability of their mechanisms and systems. For many years, domestic and foreign engineers have tested many auto-tractor internal combustion engines and it has been proven that if mathematical models reliably describe physical phenomena, cycles or processes that take place in engines, then the theory of small deviations for theoretical research is much better than any experiment on control characteristics and many second parameters The theory of small deviations for fuel equipment of autotractor diesel engines is considered in the article. The method of transition from the ordinary differential equations describing the quality of diesel fuel spraying to the equations in small deviations. Equation of kinematics and hydrodynamics of precision pairs of fuel equipment in small deviations. Consumption characteristics of fuel in the process of injection in small deviations. Methods of similarity, dimension theory, mathematical statistics, and probability theory, which are used in determining the resource and predicting the operation of tractor engines. It is shown that the most practically accepted method for determining the residual life of autotractor engines is the method of mathematical statistics and probability theory. The role of mathematical modeling in determining the residual life of fuel equipment of autotractor diesel engines is established. It is also noted that it is advisable to use the small deviation method to accurately describe the processes in the fuel equipment of autotractor diesel engines. The mathematical model is based on the known physical laws that describe the interdependencies of the two groups of parameters, control and operational, both within and between groups. The transition of the classical differential equations describing the processes of fuel supply and injection, taking into account fuel leaks in precision pairs, into equations with small deviations of parameters, is shown. The relationship between injection, fuel supply and fuel leakage is analyzed and the most influential parameters found. Impact coefficients are found and their dependencies are plotted on their corresponding parameters. Using the obtained dependencies, the influence of the technical condition of precision pairs on the effective performance of the engine is characterized. Dependences of change of injection characteristics on small deviations of parameters characterizing the technical condition of precision pairs of fuel equipment are also established.
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Cheremisin, D. D., S. A. Novokreschenov, V. S. Shvydkiy, and V. P. Zhukov. "Mathematical modelling of the thermal regime of a ladle- furnace unit considering internal heat sources." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 25, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-4-509-518.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We apply mathematical modelling to study heat transfer processes during fire refining of blister copper in a ladle-furnace unit. A ladle-furnace unit was designed to test the refining technology using bottom blowing in a bubble mode by gaseous reducing agents (hydrocarbons) and an oxidiser. Mathematical modelling allows the properties of a real process to be described based on mathematical formalisation of physical laws and regularities. It was proposed to use gaseous reducing agents, rather than expensive residual fuel, as a liquid-reducing agent. The use of gaseous reducing agents in the bottom blowing mode produces higher technical and economic indicators of the process. In addition, some technological operations were transferred directly to the ladle, thereby eliminating the need for re-melting and heating of refined copper. One of the identified problems was the need to maintain the predetermined thermal regime, which provides the very possibility of both performing refining operations and introducing a gaseous reagent (determining the hydro-gas-dynamic parameters) into the melt during bottom blowing. An original method for considering the thermal effects of chemical reactions in mathematical models was presented using an example of exothermic reactions during oxidative refining. The use of two different methods of analysis allowed a comprehensive assessment of the influence of the main exothermic reactions on the thermal regime of the refining process. The presented mathematical models can be used for determining the specific effect of various technological parameters (composition and fuel consumption, temperature and degree of blast enrichment, lining design, etc.) on the dynamics of changes in the temperature field of the melt and the technical and economic parameters of melting as a whole.
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Say, Sait Muharrem, Tunahan Erdem, Kamil Ekinci, Beyza Öztürk Erdem, Mustafa Sehri, and Sarp Sümer Korkut. "Drying kinetics of olive pomace-derived charcoal briquettes with energy consumption." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 4 (May 30, 2022): 1805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1805.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The drying experiments were performed at different temperatures of the drying air (40, 50, and 60°C) and air velocity of 2.5 and 3.5 m/s. Six thin-layer drying models were evaluated and fitted to the experimental moisture data. The fit quality of the models was evaluated using the determination coefficient, chi-square, and root mean square error. Among the selected models, the Midilli et al. model was found to be the best model for describing the drying behaviour of olive pomace. Charcoal is used as a domestic fuel for cooking and heating in many developing countries. It is an important green source for making barbecue, which is obtained from agricultural waste. Due to less CO2 emission, it reduces health risk and deforestation. The coal briquette carbonisation production process consists of a carbonisation stage and a forming stage. During the forming stage, the raw material is mixed with a suitable binder. The final stage of the charcoal process after formation is drying. In this study, the drying parameters of charcoal briquettes made from the olive pomace-making process were evaluated. Three different temperatures and velocities were selected for the drying applications. The low temperature drying process was performed at 60, 50, and 40°C with air velocities of 3 and 2.5. The results were in the range of 3 to 8 hours of drying time. The drying data were applied to six different mathematical models, namely 1Diffusion Approach, 2Henderson and Pabis, 3Two term exponential, 4Midilli et al., 5Page, and 6Wang and Singh Equation Models. The performances of these models were compared according to the coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of estimate (SEE),
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Plotnikov, Sergey A., Anatoliy N. Kartashevich, Maksim V. Simonov, and Alexandr I. Shipin. "Optimization of the main parameters of the diesel engine during its operation on the multicomponent biofuel composition." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 89, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-106567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: When conducting experimental studies aimed at finding optimal parameters of the diesel engine operating mode, as well as other objects, the issue of reducing the volume of the experiment becomes acute. The use of modern methods of planning, obtaining, processing and analyzing experimental data allows to reduce significantly the number of experiments conducted without notable loss of the reliability of the data obtained.
AIMS: The aim of this study is to determine the optimal operating characteristics of the diesel engine, which uses the multi-component bio-fuel composition.
METHODS: In order to determine the optimal values of the main parameters, affecting the effective indicators of the 4ChN 11.0/12.5 diesel engine when operating on the multicomponent biofuel composition and a mathematical description of their relationship, a second-order three-factor Box Benken plan was implemented. These factors are effective load, crankshaft rotational speed, and fuel injection advance angle. The diesel engine operation studies were performed on the most stable mixture of the multicomponent biofuel composition, including the following ingredients, wt %: rapeseed oil 34.5; ethanol 31.0; diesel fuel 34.5. The search of a compromise solution for the optimal combination of the levels of studied factors was performed with the method of superimposing of bidimensional sections of the response surfaces of the effective efficiency factor and the specific effective fuel consumption.
RESULTS: Adequate models of second-order regression analysis of changes in effective efficiency factor and specific effective fuel consumption have been obtained. The factor space is described and grapho-analytical studies are carried out. The analysis of regression models and bidimensional sections of response surfaces allowed to determine the optimal values of the studied factors. The method for determining the optimal load and speed ranges of the diesel engine operation, using the multicomponent biofuel composition, has been optimized due to the application of the experimental plan and the description of the factor space by mathematical models, while number of experiments was reduced.
CONCLUSIONS: The optimal area of the combination of the factors is in the range of varying the rotational speed of the diesel engine crankshaft n=1400...1550 rpm and the effective load Pe=0.68...0.85 MPa at the fuel injection advance angle Ѳinj=23.5 degrees to TDC. Considering the variable nature of the load and speed modes of a diesel engine in a real operation environment, the obtained data are of practical interest.
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Osetrov, О. О., S. S. Kravchenko, and B. S. Chuchumenko. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE PASSENGER CAR SERIES HYBRID POWER PLAN." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 1 (September 13, 2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of hybrid power plants in road transport can significantly improve driving dynamics and driving comfort, reduce its operating fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. Due to the large number of used cars with internal combustion engines (ICE) in Ukraine, it is of interest to convert them into a hybrid power drive. However, the analysis of the literature revealed extremely limited information about the work in this direction. The paper proposes a method for selecting the parameters of elements of a series hybrid power drive based on a used Chevrolet Lacetti car. The technique is based on the use of mathematical models of the working process of the internal combustion engine, the dynamics of the acceleration of the car, the determination of the parameters of the series hybrid power plant in the modes of the European NEDC test cycle. Using the developed mathematical models, the rated power of the traction electric motor is 86 kW, the nominal and maximum rotational speed of its shaft, respectively, are 1860 and 7000 min-1. It is shown that the car will accelerate to 100 km/h in 11.4 seconds, which fully satisfies the conditions of comfortable driving in urban conditions. As part of a hybrid power plant, the internal combustion engine operates in one mode. The paper substantiates the choice of the operating mode of the internal combustion engine, where it has the best fuel efficiency. At the same time, its power is 34 kW, and the crankshaft speed is 2200 min-1. Accordingly, the power of the current generator will be 30 kW at a shaft speed of 2200 min-1. The paper analyzes the influence of the battery capacity, the presence of braking energy recuperation, the operating range of battery capacity change on the average operating fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. It is shown that an increase in the battery capacity, the presence of recuperation, and the expansion of the operating range of changes in the battery capacity lead to an improvement in the operational fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine. Based on the results of computational studies, the maximum battery capacity of 1.3 kWh was selected; the operating range of capacity change was 0.8 kWh. The use of elements with such parameters will ensure the average operating fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine is 6.5 l/100 km, and with the recovery of braking energy - 6 l/100 km.
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de Wringer, Sam, Carmine Varriale, and Fabrizio Oliviero. "A Generalized Approach to Operational, Globally Optimal Aircraft Mission Performance Evaluation, with Application to Direct Lift Control." Aerospace 7, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7090134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A unified approach to aircraft mission performance assessment is presented in this work. It provides a detailed and flexible formulation to simulate a complete commercial aviation mission. Based on optimal control theory, with consistent injection of rules and procedures typical of aeronautical operations, it relies on generalized mathematical and flight mechanics models, thereby being applicable to aircraft with very distinct configurations. It is employed for an extensive evaluation of the performance of a conventional commercial aircraft, and of an unconventional box-wing aircraft, referred to as the PrandtlPlane. The PrandtlPlane features redundant control surfaces, and it is able to employ Direct Lift Control. To demonstrate the versatility of the performance evaluation approach, the mission-level benefits of using Direct Lift Control as an unconventional control technique are assessed. The PrandtlPlane is seen to be competitive in terms of its fuel consumption per passenger per kilometer. However, this beneficial fuel performance comes at the price of slower flight. The benefits of using Direct Lift are present but marginal, both in terms of fuel consumption and flight time. Nonetheless, enabling Direct Lift Control results in a broader range of viable trajectories, such that the aircraft no longer requires cruise-climb for maximum fuel economy.
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Kulba, P., V. Fedenko, O. Cherednikov, V. Chupryna, and O. Pankul. "TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE REQUIREMENTS OF EUROPEAN CRITERIA FOR CERTIFICATION OF AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT IN TECHNIQUES FOR TESTING THE FLIGHT-TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HELICOPTERS." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 10 (December 30, 2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.10.2021.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the problem of improving the methods of testing to determine the flight characteristics of helicopters, taking into account the requirements of European criteria for certification of airworthiness of military aircraft. To ensure interoperability with NATO standards, new standard methods for obtaining and evaluating the flight performance of helicopters have been developed. On the example of determining fuel consumption in assessing the range and duration of the flight considered the basic principles of development of advanced standard techniques.
The test methods are based on the use of experimental planning theory using first- and second-order plans. Based on the mathematical theory of experimental planning, regression models of flight technical characteristics of helicopters are compiled and all coefficients of these models are determined.
On the basis of the received regression models flight technical characteristics in all range of the used parameters of flights of helicopters of various categories, types and models are calculated. For example, the results of nomogram calculations for determining the kilometer fuel consumption of a helicopter while flying at different speeds in different altitude and climatic conditions are presented.
The use of modeling provides increased reliability and accuracy in determining the flight characteristics of helicopters and significantly reduces the cost of testing.
Developed advanced techniques, which are adapted to European standards, allow to cover all customer requirements, ie to determine and assess the flight characteristics of helicopters according to the requirements of both national and foreign customers.
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Abbaspour, M., K. S. Chapman, and P. Krishnaswami. "Nonisothermal Compressor Station Optimization." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 127, no. 2 (September 14, 2004): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1871248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A detailed mathematical model of compressor stations and pipes is essential for optimizing the performance of the gas pipeline system. Most of the available literature on compressor station modeling is based on isothermal solutions for pipe flow, which is inadequate for our purposes. In the present work, the pipe flow is treated as nonisothermal unsteady one-dimensional compressible flow. This is accomplished by treating the compressibility factor as a function of pressure and temperature, and the friction factor as a function of Reynolds number. The solution method is the fully implicit finite difference method that provides solution stability, even for relatively large time steps. The compressors within the compressor station are modeled using centrifugal compressor map-based polynomial equations. This modeling technique permits the designation of different models of compressors in the compressor station. The method can be easily extended to include other types of compressors. Using this mathematical model as a basis, a nonlinear programing problem (NLP) is set up wherein the design variables are the compressor speeds and the objective function to be minimized is the total fuel consumption. The minimum acceptable throughput is imposed as a constraint. This NLP is solved numerically by a sequential unconstrained minimization technique, using the mathematical model of the system for the required function evaluations. The results show that this approach is very effective in reducing fuel consumption. An application of this methodology for selecting the number of compressors to be shut down for the most fuel-efficient operation is also presented. Our results further indicate that station-level optimization produces results comparable to those obtained by network-level optimization. This is very significant because it implies that the optimization can be done locally at the station level, which is computationally much easier.
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Zeng, Hong, Xiao Ling Zhao, and Jun Dong Zhang. "Modeling and Performance Analysis of Combined-Cycle Based Ship Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For combined-cycle power plant performance analysis, a ship power plant mathematical model is developed, including diesel engine, controllable pitch propeller, exhaust gas boiler, turbine generator and shaft generator models. The simulation performance characteristic curves of diesel engine under various loads are given. Comparison of simulation results and experimental data shows the model can well predict the performance of diesel engine in various operating conditions. The specific fuel oil consumption contours of combined-cycle power plant and the relations between engine operating conditions and steam cycle parameters are given. The influence of diesel engine operating conditions to the overall performance of combined-cycle power plant is discussed.
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Vorotnikov, I. L., A. V. Rozanov, S. A. Bogatyrev, and M. Sh Gutuev. "RESULTS OF MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF THE PARAMETERS OF STRIP TILLAGE ON THE YIELD OF GRASS CROPS." Scientific Life 16, no. 3 (2021): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-3-350-358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents materials on the choice of the optimal combination of technical parameters of a combined tillage unit for short-rotation cultivation of row crops with the introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, taking into account their effect on yield at the preliminary stage of development and implementation of the Strip-Till system using elements of mathematical modeling. The aim of the research was to optimize the values of agrotechnical parameters of strip tillage with simultaneous application of fertilizers obtained as a result of information retrieval. The work focuses on the identification and computer optimization of operational and technical parameters that are significant from the point of view of the impact on yield. The functional dependences of sunflower yield on the depth of soil cultivation, fuel consumption, unit productivity, dose and depth of fertilization are given; For clarity, graphic interpretations of the models are combined with gradient vectors indicating the optimum points. An analysis of the magnitude and significance of the coefficients of the regression equation shows that the key parameters that have a decisive effect on the yield are the depth of application and the dose of fertilization, the depth of tillage and fuel consumption. The impact on the productivity of the unit performance is negligible. The results of mathematical modeling by the gradient descent method are supposed to be used when assigning strip tillage modes and adjusting agrotechnical parameters during the modernization of combined tillage machines in relation to the conditions of dry farming.
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Boya Bi, Bati Ernest, Prosper Gbaha, Magloire Paul Ekoun Koffi, and Kamenan Blaise Koua. "Modélisation Des Composants D’un Système Hybride Panneaux Photovoltaïque – Stockage D’énergie Via L’hydrogène – Batteries." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate mathematical models of different elements or subsystems of our hybrid power generation system. Each component is modeled as a modular block that can easily be electrically connected to other subsystems. We used the software Matlab®- Simulink R2012a for implementation of our different models. The equations used here are empirical-semi empirical equations and allowed us to model our different components to describe correctly phenomena involved. It was necessary to have data from manufacturer such as polarization curve, surface of an elementary cell, coefficient related to threshold operating parameters, auxiliary consumption parameters and gas stoichiometry. All these allowed us to build under Matlab®-Simulink, photovoltaic panels block, battery pack block, fuel cell block, electrolyzer block and all curves representing different powers produced or consumed and different gases produced or consumed.
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Almaliki, Salim A., Majed S. Himoud, and Sadiq J. Muhsin. "Mathematical Model for Evaluating Slippage of Tractor Under Various Field Conditions." Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 34, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.1.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The slippage is an essential criterion for evaluating the fuel consumption and the field performance of tractor. The objective of this research was to develop mathematical models using Design Expert software for modelling and predicting slippage of the CASE JX75T tractor (India manufacture) under operational field conditions. In this research, a chisel plough was used as a loading tool for the tractor under four levels of ploughing depths, with three levels of speed and two levels of cone index (CI) in silty clay soil texture. The experiments were carried out in the site of Basrah University. The results obtained from the fieldwork were analysed to evolve mathematical models and equations to predict and evaluate the performance of the tractor when the slippage occurred. According to the obtained results, the single effects of the parameters (CI, tillage depth, and forward speed) on the slippage were highly considerable (P<0.0001). Moreover, the interaction of the parameters were significant (p<0.05). The slippage of tractor increased by 187 and 116 % with increasing ploughing depth up to 25 cm and forward speed up to 1.53 m.s-1, respectively. On the other hand, tractor slippage reduced by 34% when CI increased up to 980 kPa. The data analysis showed that the developed model has passable imitation ability and excellently executed in confront of the actual data. This confirms the accuracy of the model for predicting tractor slippage under different fieldworks.