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Статті в журналах з теми "Automobile industry and trade"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 10 березня 2023

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1

Choi, Doo-Won, and Neung-Ho Han. "A Study on the Change of Trade Competitiveness in the Automobile Industry after Japan’s Export Regulation." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.267.

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Purpose This study analyzed how Japan’s export regulations affected the imports and exports of the automobile industry, and examined whether there was a change in the trade competitiveness of the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach In order to examine the degree of improvement in the automobile industry’s imports, exports, and trade competitiveness with Japan in Korea, the world and Japanese import and export statistical data of the automobile industry were aggregated for five periods. In addition, the change trend in the dependence on imports and exports of automobiles and parts to Japan was examined. In addition, the change in competitiveness of the Korean automobile and parts industry to Japan was examined using the trade specialization index. Findings As a result of the analysis, it was found that the trade deficit of automobiles and parts with Japan in 2021 fell compared to 2017 and 2019. In the case of import and export dependence, there was little change in export dependence, but it was confirmed that there was a significant decrease in import dependence. Korea’s dependence on exports of automobiles and parts to Japan has decreased slightly, but its dependence on imports has decreased by 10 times, which can be interpreted as Japan receiving more trade losses in the automobile industry due to the Korea-Japan trade dispute. Research Implications In the passenger car sector, it can be evaluated that there has been a result of the boycott of Japanese products, and efforts to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic cars and diversify import lines should continue to continue this in the future. In addition, in order to continue this performance in automobile parts, efforts should be made to improve product competitiveness and import dependence in more diverse item groups in the parts.

2

Nagy, Judit, and Zsófia Jámbor. "Competitiveness in global trade: The case of the automobile industry." Ekonomski anali 63, no. 218 (2018): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1818061n.

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Numerous studies handle analyses of revealed comparative advantages of global trade (especially in agriculture sector) using Balassa index, but the selected automobile industry represents new potentials to study. This study focuses on the competitiveness of automobile industry, which is a key sector due to its high value-added activities, a competitive market, with increasing technology requirements and high employment characteristics. The aim of our paper is to analyse the revealed comparative advantages of global automobile trade as well as the duration and stability of Balassa indices by applying Markov transition probability matrices and Kaplan-Meier survival function. The source of data is global automobile exports at HS6 level for 1997-2016. The paper has reached numerous conclusions. First, by analysing characteristics of global automobile trade, it turned out that China, USA, Japan and Germany were the biggest producers of cars, however the top exporters were Germany, Japan and Canada in the period analysed, together giving 40% of all products exported - the top10 countries, however, gave 71% of concentration. Second, our analysis has made it clear that the most traded/exported automobile product is vehicle with only sparkling ignition internal combustion (1500-300cm3) (870323) globally, giving more than 40% of all vehicle exports between 1997 and 2016. Third, the calculation of Balassa indices showed that Spain and Japan had highest comparative advantages in all periods analysed among the most important automobile exporters in the world.

3

Damoense, Maylene, and André C. Jordaan. "Intra-industry trade: a methodology to test the automobile industry in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v10i1.542.

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This paper provides a study of the theory and empirical evidence of intra-industry trade (IIT) and relates it specifically to South Africa’s automobile industry. The automobile industry in South Africa is a key sector within the national economy and has experienced increased trade and foreign investment in recent years, and thus represents an important case study of IIT. In view of this, the paper proposes a methodology that may be used in future to assess the pattern and determinants of IIT between South Africa and its main trading partners in the automobile industry.

4

Goldberg, Penny Koujianou. "Trade policies in the U.S. automobile industry." Japan and the World Economy 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 175–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)00013-1.

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5

Qi, Hui Feng, and Dong Chen. "Planning Control of Automobile Trade Logistics Park: The Case of Auto Parts Logistics Center in TAIAN." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.519.

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Automobile Trade Logistics Park is one of the most important industrial zones for specific automobile trade and distribution in auto industry cities. The development control of physical spatial planning has a profound effect on the construction and operation of Automobile Trade Logistics Park. Three factors, including advantages of transportation, geographic features and industrial cluster, influencing the location of Logistics Park are discussed. The scales of automobile trade spaces built recent years in China are compared. Analyzing dual function of commerce and distribution, facilities in Automobile Trade Logistics Park are summarized. According to the arrangement of land use and spatial structure, development intensity of different space types for auto trade is proposed. The final section of this article examines the experience in Regulatory Plan of Auto Parts Logistics Center in TAIAN Hi-tech Industry Development Zone.

6

Liu, Yuying, Jiali Wu, and Danni Wang. "Research on International Mutual Recognition of Carbon Certification System of Automobile Products." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 3, no. 1 (December 7, 2022): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.3.1.364.

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With the global attention to climate change gradually heating up, to carbon peak carbon neutralization as the theme of the new international trade system is gradually taking shape, will also have a broad and far-reaching impact on our foreign trade pattern. The automobile industry is the key to transportation in our country carbon industry, in response to climate change under the situation of double carbon targets, for car carbon product certification international mutual recognition research is not only beneficial to China's auto industry to establish a comprehensive carbon accounting system but can also help our country automobile industry breakthrough carbon tariff barriers to trade actively, Promote Chinese automobile manufacturing industry to complete green and low-carbon transformation.

7

Cao, Daqian, Yu Song, and Haiyang Wang. "Analysis of Automotive Parallel Import in China in 2021." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i5.713.

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Since 2020, the global pandemic of COVID-19 shows far-reaching influences on the world economy and the automobile market and international trade. China's parallel imported car market has seen a further decline in 2021 due to multiple factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of the new national emission policy and so on. With the clearance of the first batch of China 6 parallel imported automobiles in May 2021, parallel imported automobile market development ushered in a new stage. Enterprises and relevant government departments should analyze industry changes and jointly promote the sustainable development of parallel imported automobiles in China.

8

Ha, Young-Kyou, and Su-Han Woo. "Transportation Infrastructure or Economic Power? Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031649.

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The motive for the Korean automobile industry’s US investment is the easing of trade regulations and managing a stable supply chain by establishing local production. The Korean automobile industry has undergone major changes due to strong trade regulations since the beginning of the Trump administration and the COVID-19 pandemic. This has affected parts production, procurement, and automobile manufacturing and shaken the foundation of the automobile industry supply chain. The purpose of this study is to provide implications for additional investment decisions by analyzing the impact of the US industry and economy on the success of the automobile industry if Korean automobile companies advance into the US. This study conducted panel analysis by collecting 10 years of data to investigate the impact of economic, industrial, and infrastructure factors in each state on the success of the automobile industry. This study reflected the characteristics and investment motivation of the automobile industry. The study findings revealed that an export-oriented industrial area is suitable for strategic investment rather than a region where the economy is simply large or where all industries are developed. In addition, when making investment decisions, it is important to prioritize the internal capabilities of the company rather than external factors.

9

LEE, SANG MIN. "A Comparative Study of the Automobile Industry in Japan and Korea." Asian Survey 51, no. 5 (September 2011): 876–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2011.51.5.876.

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This study utilized sociological perspectives to explain the relationships between institutional arrangements (government’s role, social dimensions of indigenous business organizations, and consumption culture) and non-tariff trade barriers embedded in Japan and Korea. A comparative study of institutional arrangements and the automobile industry reveals that there have been visible and invisible trade barriers in the Japanese and Korean automobile industries.

10

Huang, Qian, and Kai Kang. "Rescuing the global automotive industry supply chain." Journal of Innovation and Development 1, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jid.v1i1.4468.

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China's economy has been deeply integrated into the global industrial supply chain, and the global industrial chain is highly dependent. The automobile industry is an important pillar industry of the national economy. It plays an important role in the development of the national economy and society because of its wide industrial chain, strong correlation, wide employment and large consumption. This paper studies the value chain of the global automobile industry. By analyzing the current situation of China's automobile industry, the degree of dependence on global foreign trade, and the position and advantages and disadvantages in the global value chain, it puts forward the development trend and direction of the future automobile industry chain, which has certain reference significance for the development of the automobile industry.

11

Agrawal, Namita. "Effects of GST on Automobile Dealers Industry." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39179.

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Abstract: India has applied for GST for their taxation system which has already been applied by more than 160 Nations worldwide. GST has changed India’s perception in front of policy makers of other countries, global investors including big automobile companies. The growth of automobile sector has clear correlation with the policy reforms as it affects domestic demand pattern as well as trade balance. The automobile industry in India is the most booming industry from last many years. India has become the fourth substantial automobile market in 2019 with increasing sales by 8.3% to 3.99 million units. It was the seventh substantial automobile manufacturer in 2018. The government of India has also known the importance of automobile industry. India has imposed a flare of hope by determined growth targets, supported by many of vital undertaking such as Digital India and the make in India campaigns. There are many changes made ensuring simplicity in the GST tax system. The purpose of the study is to understand the impact of these changes by Automobile Manufacturers (OEMs). Keywords: GST, Taxation, Commercial vehicle, automobile manufacturer.

12

Chang, Min-Soo. "An Analysis on Trade Competitiveness of Korean Automobile Industry." Koreanische Zeitschrift fuer Wirtschaftswissenschaften 35, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18237/kdgw.2017.35.4.169.

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13

Zvekova, E. A., and E. V. Kravec. "Globalization and its possible consequences for the Russian machine-building enterprises." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 1-5 (September 10, 2013): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67767.

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This article deals with the process of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). In this article the survival problems of the domestic automobile industry in the context of globalization are examined, and some measures to facilitate the adaptation of the automobile industry to the new economic conditions are proposed.

14

Becuwe, Stéphane, and Claude Mathieu. "The determinants of intra-industry trade: The case of the automobile industry." Review of World Economics 128, no. 1 (March 1992): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707244.

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15

Barnes, Justin, and Raphael Kaplinsky. "Globalisation and Trade Policy Reform: Whither the Automobile Components Sector in South Africa?" Competition & Change 4, no. 2 (June 2000): 211–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102452940000400203.

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As in the case of many formerly inward oriented economies, South African industry is facing a new competitive environment as trade barriers fall. The initial result of this reform in trade policy has been a sharp increase in the trade deficit in the automobile and components sector. A survey of the major auto assemblers and a comparative review of the automobile sector in Brazil and India suggests that the prognosis for the future of the South African components industry is not good unless corrective action is taken. This will involve responses from a variety of stakeholders. A number of policy responses are discussed identifying both the relevant stakeholders and the policy instruments which might be utilised.

16

Yang, Zi, Yixiang Cheng, Yanqiu Huang, Chunping Qiu, and Jun Sun. "Impact of Automobile Industry Development on Economy based on the Background of Epidemic Situation." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 10 (October 23, 2022): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i10.2470.

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The epidemic of New Coronary Pneumonia continues to spread around the world, the world economy is recovering slowly, the international situation is more complex and severe, and the uncertainty of the trade environment has risen significantly. However, China's automobile industry has demonstrated good development potential and resilience, which not only drives the smooth operation of the supply chain of the global automobile industry chain, but also seizes the development opportunities of the international market to achieve a breakthrough in the scale of automobile exports.

17

Abdul-Aziz, Shahrun Nizam, Normala Zulkifli, Norimah Rambeli@Ramli, Noor Al-Huda Abdul Karim, Zainizam Zakariya, and Norasibah Abdul Jalil. "The Determinations of East Asia’s Automobile Trade Using a Gravity Model." Research in World Economy 10, no. 5 (December 24, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n5p113.

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The aim of this study is to investigate empirically the factors that determine the level of automobile trade in East Asian countries by taking into account government policies as well as the role of MNEs. To do so, in this study we include dummies of import substitution industrialisation (ISI) and export orientation industrialisation (EOI) policies as well as Japanese FDI as additional explanatory variables in our augmented gravity models. We found that GDPs, distance, per capita income, FTA, government policies, language and FDI are the determinants for the development of automobile industry in each country in East Asia. In the case of auto P&C, apart from economic size, the role of government through trade policy (i.e., FTA) and industrial policies as well as the role of MNCs are the major contributors to the development both exports and imports of East Asian countries. In the case of final automobiles, the role of FTA and language seems to be unimportant. Nonetheless, the role of government policies and MNCs seem to be important.

18

Yamarik, Steven. "The automobile industry and new trade theory: A classroom experiment." Journal of Economic Education 49, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2018.1464982.

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19

Tripathi, Vibha. "Panel Data Analysis of Determinants of Leverage in the Automobile Industry in India." GIS Business 13, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v13i2.3299.

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The study tries to investigate the key determinants of capital structure of leading automobile companies and the Automobile Industry in India. The study also tracks the theory implications, i.e. trade off vs. pecking order in these firms and the industry in general. An attempt is to see, if individually each sample company and the whole industry are influenced by the same determinants of capital structure. Pooled ordinary least squares and panel data econometric techniques such as fixed effect models are used to investigate the most significant determinants that affect the capital structure choice of 10 leading companies categorized as BSE Auto Top 100 and the Automobile Industry as a whole for a period of 14 years from 2000–2001 to 2013–2014. The study reveals some interesting facts and results. Multiple regression analysis reveals that while profitability and size are significant determinants in most of the leading companies; NDTS, Growth, and Debt service coverage ratio are not significant for these companies. While the Panel data results of the Automobile Industry as a whole reveals that profitability is the only significant determinant having negative relationship with debt equity ratio; and the other variables are insignificant. Also individual companies coefficient results shows implications of mix of pecking order and trade off theories while the panel data results of the whole Industry strongly supports the Pecking order theory.

20

Große-Börger, Julia. "Trade fairs and propaganda." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 460–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-06-2013-0033.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how the National Socialist regime participated in popular commercial events such as trade fairs to posture their propaganda. I demonstrate how the inter-trade organization and one particular company – Daimler-Benz AG – tailored their advertising to the communication strategies used by the Nazi regime. Design/methodology/approach – This case study is based on the archival records of Daimler AG. The way in which the 50th anniversary of the automobile was staged at the Berlin Motor Shows of 1935 and 1936 is understood as part of the communication strategies of the German automotive industry, as well as of the Nazi regime. Findings – This paper shows how intimately connected the 50th anniversary of the automobile was to the themes of racing and motorization. The automobile as a German invention had the potential to reconcile the motorization of the German people – a sign of modernity – with the blood and soil ideology of the Nazis. The Berlin Auto Show became an important platform for this project. The paper also shows how Daimler-Benz’s approach should be read differently. Originality/value – The article sheds new light on the interaction between and inter-dependence of one particular company’s – Daimler-Benz AG’s – communication strategies and those of the Nazi regime. Furthermore, the 50th anniversary of the automobile, celebrated at the auto show in Berlin, provides a good opportunity to add exhibitions to of advertising history of the 1930 Germany.

21

Knittel, Christopher R. "Automobiles on Steroids: Product Attribute Trade-Offs and Technological Progress in the Automobile Sector." American Economic Review 101, no. 7 (December 1, 2011): 3368–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.7.3368.

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This paper estimates the technological progress that has occurred since 1980 in the automobile industry and the trade-offs faced when choosing between fuel economy, weight, and engine power characteristics. The results suggest that if weight, horsepower, and torque were held at their 1980 levels, fuel economy could have increased by nearly 60 percent from 1980 to 2006. Once technological progress is considered, meeting the CAFE standards adopted in 2007 will require halting the trend in weight and engine power characteristics, but little more. In contrast, the standards recently announced by the new administration, while attainable, require nontrivial "downsizing.” JEL: L50, L60

22

Wójtowicz, Mirosław. "Wpływ globalizacji i integracji w ramach MERCOSUR na wymianę handlową produktów przemysłu samochodowego Brazylii w latach 1990–2006." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 12 (January 1, 2009): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.12.5.

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The aim of this paper is determining the influence of the globalization and regional integration processes on the Brazilian automobile industry. The paper also contains the analysis of changes in the state’s industrial policy towards this sector and their influence on winning new foreign investments. The analysis also concerns changes in the MERCOSUR integration policy towards the automobile industry. It was observed that the changes that occurred in the Brazilian automobile industry in the years 1990–2006 are to a large extent a consequence of world-wide transformations in the sector, caused by globalization. On one hand, the changes consisted in modernizing the existing plants, and on the other hand – in emergence of completely new enterprises that aimed at global expansion on the so-called rising markets. This led to the increase in production, diversification of the assortment of available models, and the increase in competition on the Brazilian market.As for integration policy, the member states tried to postpone as long as possible complete liberalization of products trade in this industry within MERCOSUR. Owing to this, they were able to conduct individual policies in this sector, on one hand trying to maintain the barriers that protected their domestic markets, and on the other hand, trying to offer as much as possible to attract foreign investors. This led to numerous conflicts and great tension, chiefly between Argentina and Brazil, which endangered the process of economic integration. Still, the emerging problems were successfully overcome and the barriers for automobile industry trade within MERCOSUR were gradually eliminated. It was reflected in the rapid increase in car trade between the two countries in years 2003–2006.

23

SALIM, RUHUL, AMIRUL ISLAM, and HARRY BLOCH. "PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE AUTOMOTIVE AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES SECTORS." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 03 (June 2018): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815500836.

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Using finely disaggregated data at six-digit harmonized code classification level, this paper examines the patterns and determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade in the automobile and electrical appliances sectors during the past few decades among the six major Southeast Asian countries. It is found from the analysis of the data that intra-industry trade is much higher than the inter-industry trade in each of these two sectors. Further, the determinants of these two types of trade are found to differ somewhat in terms of sign and magnitude across the sectors, implying the importance of sector-specific factors as influences on the pattern of trade.

24

AN, Myungho, and Jae Young Choi. "Analysis of Intra-industry Trade Dynamics between Korea-US and Korea-China Automobile Industry." Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2018.20.1.131.

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25

Ogihara, Hiroshi. "Keiretsu in the automobile industry: Not a barrier to free trade." Japanese Studies 15, no. 2 (September 1995): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371399508521833.

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26

Damoense-Azevedo, Maylene Y., and André C. Jordaan. "Trade Patterns in the Automobile Industry: Some Evidence from South Africa." Journal of African Business 12, no. 2 (May 2011): 154–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2011.588903.

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27

Nguyen, Phuoc Quy Phong, and Cong Tri Tran. "TRIP Steel for Automobile Industry in Vietnam." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1212.

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When Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), we made a non-discriminatory commitment between home-made goods and imported goods, so the great protection of domestic manufacturing enterprises is not can exist. Special consumption tax is only a historical period and will have to be adjusted, as this time transport infrastructure is still poor, people's living standards are not high. Particularly for domestically produced cars, it is not much affected by import tax, but still subject to SCT by the number of seats and cylinder capacity in accordance with the Law on Special Consumption Tax. As for value added tax (VAT), we should not mention much because most consumer products in Vietnam apply a VAT rate of 10%. The application of tariffs aims to encourage businesses to increase localization rates, and at the same time develop the automobile industry, aiming at export. Therefore, businesses need to try to save production and business costs, properly account market price. Vietnamese consumers are still "expecting" after 2018 to buy cheap cars because the import tax on complete cars will be reduced to 0%. However, in contrast, some comments also suggest that at that time most of the domestic car manufacturers and assemblers will turn into importers.

28

Nguyen, Phuoc Quy Phong, and Cong Tri Tran. "TRIP Steel for Automobile Industry in Vietnam." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.3.1212.

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When Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), we made a non-discriminatory commitment between home-made goods and imported goods, so the great protection of domestic manufacturing enterprises is not can exist. Special consumption tax is only a historical period and will have to be adjusted, as this time transport infrastructure is still poor, people's living standards are not high. Particularly for domestically produced cars, it is not much affected by import tax, but still subject to SCT by the number of seats and cylinder capacity in accordance with the Law on Special Consumption Tax. As for value added tax (VAT), we should not mention much because most consumer products in Vietnam apply a VAT rate of 10%. The application of tariffs aims to encourage businesses to increase localization rates, and at the same time develop the automobile industry, aiming at export. Therefore, businesses need to try to save production and business costs, properly account market price. Vietnamese consumers are still "expecting" after 2018 to buy cheap cars because the import tax on complete cars will be reduced to 0%. However, in contrast, some comments also suggest that at that time most of the domestic car manufacturers and assemblers will turn into importers.

29

Wójtowicz, Mirosław, and Tomasz Rachwał. "Globalization and New Centers of Automotive Manufacturing – the Case of Brazil, Mexico, and Central Europe." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 25 (January 15, 2014): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.25.5.

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The globalization of the automotive industry in the last twenty years has manifested itself ina rapid increase in the assembly of automobiles and the production of automotive components and spareparts outside of the traditional centers of automotive manufacturing. On the basis of contemporary researchand literature, we can distinguish two types of emerging centers of automobile manufacturing.First are potentially large domestic markets with a low level of motor vehicle ownership and rapidlygrowing economy such as Brazil. The second type of new automobile manufacturing center consistsof the peripheries of automotive core regions such as Mexico in the case of the North American coreregion and Central Europe in the case of the Western European core region. These new growth centershave benefitted from their lower production costs compared to those of core regions and their geographicproximity to the largest automobile markets. These emerging centers of manufacturing havebecome attractive locations, especially for export-oriented manufacturing facilities operated by largetransnational automotive corporations attempting to improve their global competitiveness. The purposeof this paper is to evaluate the effect of foreign direct investment on the development of automobile productionin these three emerging regions. The paper reviews post-1990 production trends and changes inthe geography of automobile production, especially new greenfield investments in the three analyzedregions. We examine changes in international trade in Brazil, Mexico and Central Europe with a focuson automobiles and automobile parts. Based on the results of our research, we determine the effects offoreign direct investment and industrial upgrading on the role of these emerging production centers inthe global production system.

30

Hassler, Markus. "Variations of Value Creation: Automobile Manufacturing in Thailand." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, no. 9 (January 1, 2009): 2232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a40238.

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The increasing integration of the Thai automobile industry into the global economy throughout the last three decades has been influenced by a number of factors. Although the general increase in demand has created the basic precondition for global automobile firms to serve this particular market, the way in which these automobile firms operate in the Thai economy is subject to regulatory frameworks operating at different geographical scales. Indeed, the exercise of institutional power at the national and macroregional scale, regulating automobile production and trade within Thailand and the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) has a significant impact on the way in which firms embed themselves into, and how value is created within, the Thai economy. However, the network configurations of the lead firms operating in Thailand vary significantly. The way and extent to which lead firms create and enhance value within this national economy are strongly dependent on the manufactured product.

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Akai, Kenju, Yuji Kageyama, Kaoru Sato, Nariaki Nishino, and Kazuro Kageyama. "AHP Analysis of the Preference of Engineers for Suitable CFRP for Automobile Parts." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0222.

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A questionnaire survey was conducted and analyzed with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the suitability of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) for use in automobile parts from an engineer’s viewpoint. The results indicated that carbon fiber has a higher potential for use in the framework than as an outer panel or exterior material. In addition, unidirectional and isotropic CFRPs can be used as alternatives to steel for higher-class automobiles. The critical evaluation criteria for carbon fiber are the material cost, safety, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. With the innovative carbon fiber project of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, CFRP has high potential as an alternative material for not only Class S but also Class A automobiles. In a dramatic innovation scenario with regard to the safety, stiffness, and thermal degradation of carbon fiber, CFRP was found to be a potential alternative material for more than half of the parts of Class A automobiles and several parts of Class C automobiles.

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전현중 and Lee Nam Chul. "Correlation between Intra-Industry Trade and Employment in the Automobile Industry of European Three Countries." Journal of Contemporary European Studies 30, no. 3 (December 2012): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17052/jces.2012.30.3.115.

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Kim, In-Keun, and Sung-Ryong Kim. "A Study on the International Competitiveness of Korean Products in the Indonesian Automobile Market." Korean Academy Of International Commerce 37, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.2.235.

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Purpose : This study analyzes the international competitiveness of Korean products in the Indonesian automobile market. Research design, data and methodology : The export of automotive products was extracted in terms of HS 4 and HS 6 units. The Trade Specialization Index (TSI) was calculated for Korea and Indonesia, and a Market Comparative Advantage (MCA) index was calculated for Korea, Japan, and Thailand in the Indonesian automobile market. Export statistics were extracted from the International Trade Centre Trade Map. Results : The TSI shows that Korean companies have strong competitiveness in almost all items, compared to Indonesian companies. But according to the MCA index, Korea has no long-term, strong comparative advantage. In contrast, Japan and Thailand have many long-term, strong comparative advantages, especially in the parts/equipment sectors. There, they have an absolute advantage that supports the assembly and production of Japanese automobile brands. Conclusions : The Korean automobile industry should find a chance to turn the tide. Korea should increase investment in production facilities in Indonesia, and should seek an opportunity in the conversion to electric vehicles. Also, Korean companies must watch carefully for changes in circumstances due to Indonesian government policy and FTAs.

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Wu, Maoguo, and Siyuan Yan. "Opportunities for Parallel Import in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone: Evidence from the Automobile Industry and the Pharmaceutical Industry." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 10 (April 30, 2018): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n10p344.

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Parallel import, as a pattern of international trade, is often under criticism because of infringement of intellectual property. However, the establishment of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone has contributed to the rapid development of parallel import, which has existed in the “grey zone” in China for a long time. Generally speaking, parallel import not only minimizes damages to related intellectual property owners, but also maximizes flow of goods and promotes formation of a unified market, which is beneficial to free trade and economic integration as well as the welfare of consumers. This paper investigates two industries most affected by parallel import, namely the automobile industry and the pharmaceutical industry. Two cases, “Peugeot Unfair Competition” and “Compulsory Licensing of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry”, are analyzed. This paper draws the conclusion that the general welfare of society must be considered and a clear boundary of intellectual property rights should be established in the development of trade policies on parallel import. Effective use of parallel import can ultimately promote social development.

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Nishitateno, Shuhei. "Network Effects on Trade in Intermediate Goods: Evidence from the Automobile Industry." Japanese Economic Review 66, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 354–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jere.12049.

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Levinsohn, James. "International trade and the U.S. automobile industry: Current research, issues, and questions." Japan and the World Economy 6, no. 4 (December 1994): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)90001-9.

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Tai, Sue-Yen Tjong Tjin. "Building Carriage, Wagon and Motor Vehicle Bodies in the Netherlands: The 1900–40 Transition." Journal of Transport History 36, no. 2 (December 2015): 188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.36.2.4.

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During the motorisation boom in the Netherlands in the 1920s, Dutch wagonmakers started making bodies for motorised utility vehicles. Prior to this, luxury carriage builders already had made the transition to production of automobiles or the bodies for these new vehicles. For wagonmakers, the decline in demand for their traditional business and farm wagon and carts began after World War I. However, the automobile industry created many opportunities for them as well. Archival information shows that the Dutch trade associations and government agency Rijksnijverheidsdienst, played a key role in the innovation and retraining process by building a network, stimulating wagonmakers to modernise and retrain, and by transferring and developing knowledge.

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Holmes, J. "The Continental Integration of the North American Automobile Industry: From the Auto Pact to the FTA and beyond." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 1 (January 1992): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240095.

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The continental integration of the US and Canadian automobile industries quickly followed the negotiation of a sectorial managed trade agreement—the Auto Pact—in 1965. Thus the recent Canada—US Free Trade Agreement (FTA) will likely have less short-term impact on restructuring in the auto industry than it will in most other industries. The paper begins with an analysis of the significant restructuring that occurred within the North American auto industry during the 1980s in response to the globalization of production and dramatic changes in competitive conditions. The future prospects of the industry as it enters the 1990s are examined with regard to three issues: the likely impact of the implementation of the automotive-industry provisions of the FTA; the consolidation of the significant auto-manufacturing presence in North America established by Japanese automakers during the 1980s; and the fact that, with or without the negotiation of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), it appears likely that Mexico during the 1990s will become fully integrated into a truly North American automotive industry.

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Varrasi, John. "Wheeling and Dealing." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 04 (April 1, 2005): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-apr-3.

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This article highlights the inventiveness of engineers that made the auto trade big business in the early 20th century. While lacking the fame and name recognition of others in the US automobile business around the time of World War I, Lloyd R. Smith’s contribution to the industry was major. The A.O. Smith frame plant stands as a vivid case study on the role of engineering and technical innovation in the emergence and growth of the automobile industry. At the start of the 20th century, the gasoline engine initially competed for popularity with the electric motor, which was used on French and English roads. The electric motor was cleaner and easier to shift. It was considered more reliable and safer. The story of the automobile is told around images and symbols of speed and power, beauty and elegance, freedom and open roads. For ASME and the mechanical engineering community, the automobile is also about technological progress and engineering achievement beginning with the 20th century and building for a100 years.

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De, Debdeep. "Regional trade and international production networks: The context of automobile industry in Asia." International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2011): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tmsd.10.1.77_1.

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Yanagawa, Noriyuki. "Comments on ‘trade policies in the U.S. automobile industry’, by Penny Koujianou Goldberg." Japan and the World Economy 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)90041-8.

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Levinsohn, James A. "Comments on ‘trade policies in the U.S. automobile industry”, by Penny Koujianou Goldberg." Japan and the World Economy 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)90042-6.

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Surugiu, Marius Razvan, and Camelia Surugiu. "Intra-industry trade in Romania: analysis of the automobile parts and accessories sector." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 4, no. 1/2 (2012): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2012.044251.

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Lee, DukHee, and MiSuk Jung. "Economic effects of trade patterns on productivity: Evidence from the Korean automobile industry." Japan and the World Economy 21, no. 1 (January 2009): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2007.11.003.

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45

Leitão, Nuno Carlos. "GMM Estimator: An Application to Intraindustry Trade." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/857824.

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This paper investigates the determinants of intraindustry trade (IIT), horizontal IIT (HIIT), and Vertical IIT (VIIT) in the automobile industry in Portugal. The trade in this sector between Portugal and the European Union (EU-27) was examined, between 1995 and 2008, using a dynamic panel data. We apply the GMM system to solve the problems of serial correlation and the endogeneity of some explanatory variables. The findings are consistent with the literature. The difference between per capita incomes and factor endowments present a positive sign. These results are according to Heckscher-Ohlin predictions. The economic dimension has a positive impact on trade. A negative effect of the distance on bilateral trade was expected and the results confirm this, underlining the importance of neighbour partnerships for all trade.

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Kim, Ho Yeon. "Impact of trade liberalization on the location of firms: NAFTA and the automobile industry." Annals of Regional Science 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001680200102.

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47

Grosz, Mirina, and Rolf H. Weber. "Governments’ Interventions into the Real Economy under WTO Law Revisited: New Tendencies of Governmental Support of the Automobile Industry." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 5 (October 1, 2009): 969–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009038.

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The automobile industry has received unprecedented governmental support during the ongoing economic crisis. Rescue packages have been provided to sustain the significant market branch and asserted key driver of growth, export, innovation, and jobs particularly in the EU and the United States and to avoid further downward spirals, which risk affecting the national economies on a wider scale. Since such tendencies can have trade distorting effects, however, the question arises whether the increased governmental interventions are compatible with the World Trade Organization (WTO) legal framework, which arguably enshrines free trade theory in international law. By adopting a legal perspective, this contribution shall address the state’s role in global markets and examine the degree of policy space that is conferred to WTO Member States in support of real economy sectors.

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KIM, SUNG EUN. "Media Bias against Foreign Firms as a Veiled Trade Barrier: Evidence from Chinese Newspapers." American Political Science Review 112, no. 4 (June 13, 2018): 954–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055418000242.

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While the rules of international trade regimes prevent governments from employing protectionist instruments, governments continue to seek out veiled means of supporting their national industries. This article argues that the news media can serve as one channel for governments to favor domestic industries. Focusing on media coverage of auto recalls in China, I reveal a systematic bias against foreign automakers in those newspapers under strict government control. I further analyze subnational reporting patterns, exploiting variation in the level of regional government interest in the automobile industry. The analysis suggests that the media’s home bias is driven by the government’s protectionist interests but rules out the alternative hypothesis that home bias simply reflects the nationalist sentiment of readers. I show that this home bias in news coverage has meaningful impact on actual consumer behavior, combining automobile sales data and information on recall-related web searches.

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Christoff, Ann E. "The Chinese Automobile Industry and the World Trade Organization: China's Non-Compliance With WTO Regulations Through Its Subsidizing of Automobile Manufacturers." Indiana International & Comparative Law Review 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/17602.

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Suzuki, Noriko. "Brexit’s Impact on Japan’s Trade with Europe." International Studies 58, no. 2 (April 2021): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00208817211002374.

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In the context of globalization, the Japanese government emphasizes the importance of reinforcing the free trade system. Due to European Union’s (EU) reluctance, the free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations between Japan and the EU took 4 years to conclude. However, Brexit prompted the conclusion of Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU as to maintain the economic interests of both sides after the British exit from the EU. The UK wants to maintain economic relations with Japan and to become a ‘Global Britain’ in the post-Brexit era. This article analyses both Japan–EU and Japan–UK FTAs. The core of the article looks at the impact of Brexit on Japan’s access to the European single market through a review of Japanese sectors and large corporations, particularly the automobile industry.