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Статті в журналах з теми "Automobile cabins"

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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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1

Ang, Linus Yinn Leng, Yong Khiang Koh, and Heow Pueh Lee. "Acoustic Metamaterials: A Potential for Cabin Noise Control in Automobiles and Armored Vehicles." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 08, no. 05 (July 2016): 1650072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825116500721.

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The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing industrial practices used for cabin noise control in various industries such as automotive, marine, aerospace, and defense. However, emphasis is placed on automobiles and armored vehicles. Generally, automobile cabins usually constitute of thin structural panels, where the fundamental frequency typically falls below 200[Formula: see text]Hz. If a specific structural mode couples with a specific acoustic mode of the cabin, booming noise occurs. As such, discomfort may be felt by the occupants. Fundamentally, vibroacoustics problems may be minimized if the acoustic modes and the structural modes are decoupled, which is achieved usually by structural modifications or acoustical treatments. However, if excessively performed, the weight limitation of an automobile design will be exceeded; not to mention the adverse effect of increased weight on several factors such as fuel efficiency, mileage life of tires and acceleration of the vehicle. Moreover, current solutions have several drawbacks in low frequency noise control. In light of this, it is of great interest to explore the feasibility of acoustic metamaterials as an alternative with hope to improve cabin noise.
2

Wang, Liang, Woon Seng Gan, and Sen M. Kuo. "Integration of Bass Enhancement and Active Noise Control System in Automobile Cabin." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2008 (May 6, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/869130.

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With the advancement of digital signal processing technologies, consumers are more concerned with the quality of multimedia entertainment in automobiles. In order to meet this demand, an audio enhancement system is needed to improve bass reproduction and cancel engine noise in the cabins. This paper presents an integrated active noise control system that is based on frequency-sampling filters to track and extract the bass information from the audio signal, and a multifrequency active noise equalizer to tune the low-frequency engine harmonics to enhance the bass reproduction. In the noise cancellation mode, a maximum of 3 dB bass enhancement can be achieved with significant noise suppression, while higher bass enhancement can be achieved in the bass enhance mode. The results show that the proposed system is effective for solving both the bass audio reproduction and the noise control problems in automobile cabins.
3

Samarasinghe, Prasanga N., Wen Zhang, and Thushara D. Abhayapala. "Recent Advances in Active Noise Control Inside Automobile Cabins: Toward quieter cars." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 33, no. 6 (November 2016): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2016.2601942.

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4

Humstone, Mary, Hilery Walker, and Helis Sikk. "Jenny Lake Lodge and Cabins, Determination of Eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 32 (January 1, 2009): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2009.3741.

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During summer 2009, the University of Wyoming American Studies Program conducted an intensive historic building and landscape survey of the Jenny Lake Lodge in Grand Teton National Park (Figure 1). The oldest of Grand Teton Lodge Company’s visitor accommodations, Jenny Lake Lodge has a long and varied history that spans the period from early 20th century dude ranching to contemporary automobile tourism, and that is closely entwined with the history of Grand Teton National Park itself.
5

Liu, Shu Sen, and Si Ze Li. "Study of Purification Effect to PM2.5 from Secondhand Tobacco Smoke in an Automobile." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.629.

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Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) in enclosed spaces is a major source of potentially harmful airborne particles. To quantify exposure to PM2.5 because of SHS and to investigate the interaction between pollutants from SHS and vehicular emissions, number concentration of PM2.5 were measured inside a moving vehicle under different ventilation conditions. Air purification was found to have a significant effect on PM2.5 in the cabins of vehicles. Purification can achieve higher and more consistent results in terms of protecting drivers from SHS while commuting on the roads. Moreover, air purifiers are economically and technically easier to implement than other chemical technologies currently in use. Because the study with the air purifier was conducted in only one vehicle, more vehicles should be tested with and without air purifiers to achieve a statistically robust conclusion regarding their performance.
6

Shi, Dongyuan, Bhan Lam, Woon-Seng Gan, Jordan Cheer, and Stepehen J. Elliott. "Active Noise Control in The New Century: The Role and Prospect of Signal Processing." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 3 (November 30, 2023): 5141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0730.

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Since Paul Leug's 1933 patent application for a system for the active control of sound, the field of active noise control (ANC) has not flourished until the advent of digital signal processors forty years ago. Early theoretical advancements in digital signal processing and processors laid the groundwork for the phenomenal growth of the field, particularly over the past quarter-century. The widespread commercial success of ANC in aircraft cabins, automobile cabins, and headsets demonstrates the immeasurable public health and economic benefits of ANC. This article continues where Elliott and Nelson's 1993 Signal Processing Magazine article [1] and Elliott's 1997 50th anniversary commentary [2] on ANC left off, tracing the technical developments and applications in ANC spurred by the seminal texts of Nelson and Elliott (1991), Kuo and Morgan (1996), Hansen and Snyder (1996), and Elliott (2001) since the turn of the century. This article focuses on technical developments pertaining to real-world implementations, such as improving algorithmic convergence, reducing system latency, and extending control to non-stationary and/or broadband noise, as well as the commercial transition challenges from analog to digital ANC systems. Finally, open issues and the future of ANC in the era of artificial intelligence are discussed.
7

Mimuro, Tetsushi, and Hiroyuki Takanashi. "Fuel Operated Heaters Applied to Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 5 (September 5, 2014): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0723.

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In recent years, numerous automobile manufacturers have been pursuing the development of Electric Vehicles (EVs) as a response to environmental problems such as global warming. Such EVs usually have shorter ranges than Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles because of their limited battery capacity. This problem is exacerbated in the winter, especially in cold districts, as the need for electricity to heat vehicle cabins results in drastic mileage reductions. One readily available solution to this problem is the use of Fuel-Operated Heaters (FOHs), and in this study we have performed field operation tests on such heaters retrofitted into mass-produced EVs. The pros and cons of FOH use with EVs will be discussed in comparison with Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) and heat pump heaters from the viewpoints of energy efficiency, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, heating performance, mileage influence, and usability.
8

Mathai, Varghese, Asimanshu Das, and Kenneth Breuer. "Aerosol transmission in passenger car cabins: Effects of ventilation configuration and driving speed." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 2 (February 2022): 021904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079555.

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Identifying the potential routes of airborne transmission during transportation is of critical importance to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we numerically solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations along with the transport equation for a passive scalar in order to study aerosol transmission inside the passenger cabin of an automobile. Extending the previous work on this topic, we explore several driving scenarios including the effects of having the windows fully open, half-open, and one-quarter open, the effect of opening a moon roof, and the scaling of the aerosol transport as a function of vehicle speed. The flow in the passenger cabin is largely driven by the external surface pressure distribution on the vehicle, and the relative concentration of aerosols in the cabin scales inversely with vehicle speed. For the simplified geometry studied here, we find that the half-open windows configuration has almost the same ventilation effectively as the one with the windows fully open. The utility of the moonroof as an effective exit vent for removing the aerosols generated within the cabin space is discussed. Using our results, we propose a “speed–time” map, which gives guidance regarding the relative risk of transmission between driver and passenger as a function of trip duration and vehicle speed. A few strategies for the removal of airborne contaminants during low-speed driving, or in a situation where the vehicle is stuck in traffic, are suggested.
9

Yoshida, Toshiaki. "Estimation of absorption of aromatic hydrocarbons diffusing from interior materials in automobile cabins by inhalation toxicokinetic analysis in rats." Journal of Applied Toxicology 30, no. 6 (August 2010): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.1522.

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10

Sharma, Gajender, Shafi Ahmad, Z. Mallick, Zahid A. Khan, Ajith Tom James, Mohammad Asjad, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, et al. "Risk Factors Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Professional Vehicle Drivers in India Using an Ordinal Priority Approach." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234492.

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Professional driving involves sitting in uncomfortable positions, navigating difficult terrain and roads, and occasionally conducting small repairs and other auxiliary transportation duties while at work for long periods. Drivers who engage in these activities may develop a variety of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs in professional drivers are accompanied by several risk factors. In this study, the various risk factors for MSD have been identified through the literature reviews, discussions with professional drivers, and consultations with ergonomics specialists. This study employed the ordinal priority approach (OPA), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, to rank the identified risk variables for MSD in order of importance. The same OPA method has also been used to identify the group of professional drivers who use eight different types of vehicles and are more likely to develop MSDs. The analyses findings show that the five main risk factors for MSDs among drivers are prolonged sitting, restricted posture, working hours, alcohol consumption, and uncomfortable seating. Additionally, among all drivers regarded as professionals, truck drivers are found to be the most at risk. For the study’s conclusions to be validated, a sensitivity analysis was also carried out. The results of this study are anticipated to help formulate strategies for lowering these hazards through the ergonomic design of drivers’ cabins by automobile OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and vehicle scheduling by concerned transportation organizations to reduce driver tiredness.
11

Maeda, Shinnosuke, Kyaw Thu, Tomohiro Maruyama, and Takahiko Miyazaki. "Critical Review on the Developments and Future Aspects of Adsorption Heat Pumps for Automobile Air Conditioning." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112061.

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Emission and heat rejection from automobiles are largely responsible for urban environmental issues. Adsorption systems driven by engine waste heat exhibit huge potential to meet the demand for cabin thermal comfort while improving fuel economy. However, the mechanical vapour compression (MVC) systems are still the undisputed champions in automobile air conditioning. This paper provides a critical review on the development and progress of adsorption heat pumps specifically for automobile air conditioning. In doing so, some of the progress and development in land-based adsorption chillers (heat pump), which are not realistically relevant to automobile adsorption systems, are explicitly excluded. Matching the energy density, durability, and reliability of the MVC systems remain major hurdles. The importance of improving the energy density based on the overall system weight or volume, real-world tests under various driving modes and durability aspects are discussed.
12

Sevilgen, Gokhan, and Muhsin Kilic. "Three dimensional numerical analysis of temperature distribution in an automobile cabin." Thermal Science 16, no. 1 (2012): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1201321s.

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In this study, 3-D numerical analysis of temperature distribution in the automobile cabin were performed by using computational fluid dynamics method. For this purpose, a 3-D automobile cabin including window and outer surfaces was modeled by using the real dimensions of a car. To evaluate the results of numerical analysis according to thermal comfort, a virtual manikin divided into 17 parts with real dimensions and physiological shape was added to the model of the automobile cabin. Temperature distributions of the automobile cabin were obtained from the results of the 3-D steady and transient numerical analyses for standard heating and cooling period. Validations of the results were achieved by comparing to the results of the experimental studies performed simultaneously with the numerical analyses.
13

Sevilgen, Gökhan, and Muhsin Kiliç. "Investigation of transient cooling of an automobile cabin with a virtual manikin under solar radiation." Thermal Science 17, no. 2 (2013): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120623150s.

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The aim of the paper is to present a three dimensional transient cooling analysis of an automobile cabin with a virtual manikin under solar radiation. In the numerical simulations the velocity and the temperature distributions in the automobile cabin as well as around the human body surfaces were computed during transient cooling period. The surface-to-surface radiation model was used for calculations of radiation heat transfer between the interior surfaces of the automobile cabin and a solar load model that can be used to calculate radiation effects from the sun's rays that enter from the glazing surfaces of the cabin was used for solar radiation effects. Inhomogeneous air flow and non-uniform temperature distributions were obtained in the automobile cabin and, especially in ten minutes of cooling period, high temperature gradients were computed and measured and high temperature values were obtained for the surfaces which were more affected from the sunlight. Validations of the numerical results were performed by comparing numerical data with the experimental data presented in this study. It is shown that the numerical results were good agreement with the experimental data.
14

Bae, Hyansu, Jeongwook Lee, and Kichang Lee. "Marker-Based 3D Position-Prediction Algorithm of Mobile Vertiport for Cabin-Delivery Mechanism of Dual-Mode Flying Car." Electronics 11, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121837.

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This paper presents an image-processing technique for cabin delivery employing local localization and docking in a mobile station, which is a mobile vertiport for the use of dual-mode flying cars. A dual-mode flying automobile with an aerial electric vehicle (AEV), a ground electric vehicle (GEV), and a cabin is a future method of transportation that can be used in both the air and on the ground. To enable AEVs to land in a specific position, a landing site is necessary. The proposed AEV uses vertical take-off and landing, and a vertiport landing site is required. As vertical take-off and landing sites require a lot of space and are challenging to operate in multiple positions, we suggest a mobile vertiport that can fit into a small space. A mobile station is appropriate for dual-mode flying cars since it includes critical activities such as transporting AEVs from the ground and charging as well as a cabin-delivery system. The mobile station can generate a path to the AEV by calculating the relative position using the markers attached to the AEV and estimating the position of the landing AEV. The mobile station detects a marker for precise positioning correction, followed by exact position correction for cabin delivery, to travel to the accurate position of the AEV. To increase the success rate of cabin delivery, docking markers are identified and the angle position error between the mobile station and cabin is computed and corrected to rectify the position between the cabin and the mobile station for cabin delivery. In addition, the experimental results revealed a mechanically correctable error range that encompassed all experimental values. Consequently, this study showed that image processing may be used to create a mobile station for dual-mode flying automobiles.
15

Succi, George P. "The interior acoustic field of an automobile cabin." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, no. 6 (June 1987): 1688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.394782.

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16

Aljubury, Issam Mohammed Ali, Ammar A. Farhan, and Munther Abdullah Mussa. "Experimental Study of Interior Temperature Distribution Inside Parked Automobile Cabin." Journal of Engineering 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2015.03.01.

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Temperature inside the vehicle cabin is very important to provide comfortable conditions to the car passengers. Temperature inside the cabin will be increased, when the car is left or parked directly under the sunlight. Experimental studies were performed in Baghdad, Iraq (33.3 oN, 44.4 oE) to investigate the effects of solar radiation on car cabin components (dashboard, steering wheel, seat, and inside air). The test vehicle was oriented to face south to ensure maximum (thermal) sun load on the front windscreen. Six different parking conditions were investigated. A suggested car cover was examined experimentally. The measurements were recorded for clear sky summer days started at 8 A.M. till 5 P.M. Results show that interior air temperature in unshaded parked car reaches 70oC and dashboard temperature can approach 100 oC. While, cardboard car shade inside the car not reduce the air temperature inside it. Suggested car cover with 1 cm part-down side windows reduced temperature of cabin components by 70 % in average compare to the base case.
17

Jiang, Fan, Zhong Min Xiao, and Zhong Wei Liang. "Simulation of VOC Diffusion of Plastic Packaging in the Vehicle Cabin." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.518.

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VOC emission of plastic packing of automobile instrument panels to be harmful for personnel health, in order to effectively control VOC diffusion, needs to analyze the rule of VOC diffusion in the vehicle. In this paper, multi-component model is used to analyze VOC distribution of instrument panel plastic packaging, and influence of the diffusion time, the running status, the well ventilated mode is investigated. The results show that near the panel imports, VOC diffusion is accelerating, and spread to backward along with the time lapse; the automobile movement has propelled to VOC diffusion; ventilation mode had a greater impact on diffusion too.
18

Ghanati, Golsa, and Shahram Azadi. "Decentralized robust control of a vehicle’s interior sound field." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 19-20 (February 12, 2020): 1815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320907760.

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In this article, a decentralized strategy is applied for active control of sound inside the automobile cabin by considering the uncertainty caused by the movement of the occupants. A coupled structural-acoustic analysis is done on the simplified geometry of the automobile cabin with passengers by the finite element method. The uncertainty caused by changes in the occupants’ head positions and angles is also considered. Then, a decentralized robust feedback control strategy is proposed to reduce the sound pressure level in the ears of all the occupants using the H∞ method for each individual control unit by considering the unstructured uncertainty of the plant. The efficiency of the proposed control strategy in minimizing the sound pressure level caused by the structural disturbance on the firewall panel is investigated.
19

Couche, Jerome C., Francois Charette, and Chris R. Fuller. "Active control of automobile cabin noise with advanced speakers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 3 (September 1998): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.424115.

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20

Yang, Cheng-Jung, Tzu-Chun Yang, Po-Tuan Chen, and K. David Huang. "An Innovative Design of Regional Air Conditioning to Increase Automobile Cabin Energy Efficiency." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122352.

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With the goal of increasing energy efficiency and passenger comfort in an automobile cabin, we developed a regional air-conditioning design to control cold air in specific regions, and an air management strategy that can keep air circulation when the car engine cuts out. According to computational simulations, an air velocity of 2 m/s was adopted, which could form an independent flow field space in the cabin with a temperature gap of 7 °C according to the user’s needs. The designed regional air-conditioning and circulation system could create independent flow field spaces with temperature differences. Inlet air volume demand was also reduced by 60% and blower power by 53 W. In addition, the cabin ventilation system led air exchange rate reached 89% per hour. In 20 min of exposure under sun, the system could lower the cabin temperature by 12.3 °C.
21

Petrov, A. P., S. N. Sinitsyn, and S. N. Bannikov. "Design features of fan assembly in automobiles." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66917.

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Nowadays in the engine cooling system and in air-conditioning system of passenger compartment and cabin of tractor is applied a great variety of designs of fan units for the supply of cooling air. A distinctive feature of fan units of automobiles is that they need not only to supply cooling air, but also must make efficient use of air flow. This is not an easy task, because these two functions are almost always in conflict. The problem becomes even more complicated when a car air conditioner is installed. Efficiency factor of the incident flow is higher than the efficiency of the fan. It is therefore necessary to use more efficient the incoming air flow. The article analyzes the most common fan assemblies of automobiles used for the operation of the engine cooling and passenger compartment air conditioning system. Its strengths and weaknesses were evaluated. There were evaluated the most important characteristics: the effectiveness of the fan use, the rational use of air flow when the vehicle is moving, mass-dimensional characteristics and the noise produced by the fans in their work. The conclusions and recommendations for improving the fan installations were given. When choosing one or another variant of the fan assembly it is needed to take into account the features of the automobile design. High efficiency of fan can be obtained when the fan shroud has a full coverage of the radiator. In this case, for rational use of incoming flow is necessary to install in the fan cover the valves of a large cross-section in contrast to traditional, these valves must be driven to forced opening and closing.
22

Wu, Jianghong, Feng Jiang, Hang Song, Chaopeng Liu, and Biwang Lu. "Analysis and validation of transient thermal model for automobile cabin." Applied Thermal Engineering 122 (July 2017): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.084.

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23

Ghanati, Golsa, and Shahram Azadi. "Active control of vehicle’s interior sound field by using multichannel H∞ robust controller." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 2-3 (May 14, 2019): 725–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019848523.

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The sound level inside an automobile cabin plays a major role in the passengers’ comfort. Active noise control has been widely used to reduce the sound level inside the car cabin. This article presents a design of an active and robust sound control system that can still be efficient despite the changes inside the passengers’ compartment caused by the movement of the occupants. Initially, the coupled acoustic structural analysis is done on a simplified model of an automobile cabin by using finite element and modal coupling methods. Then, the uncertainty of the sound field inside the car, due to the presence of the occupants and the displacement of their heads, is investigated. A multi input multi output robust feedback control strategy, using the H∞ method and considering the unstructured uncertainty of the acoustic structural system, is proposed to reduce the sound pressure level at the ears of all the occupants. In order to achieve performance targets in a broad bandwidth and to reduce the waterbed effect, an optimization is performed on the weight function coefficients. The results show that in the frequency range of 0–334 Hz, the controller has an acceptable performance which is robust to changes in the interior sound field.
24

Heyert, B., M. Rizki, and N. Majery. "Biométrologie appliquée de la surveillance des peintres automobiles en cabine." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 67, no. 2 (May 2006): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1775-8785(06)78059-6.

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25

Korukcu, M. Ozgun, and Muhsin Kilic. "Effect of Solar Radiation on Thermal Comfort in an Automobile Cabin." Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences 18, no. 1 (2012): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2012.09797.

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26

Wong, Azella Aziz, Aminudin Abu, Shuhaimi Mansor, Noor Fawazi Md Noor Rudin, Azri Hazwan Johar, and Norfazrina Hayati Mohd Yatim. "Effect of Different Automobile Cabin Geometry to Acoustic Cavity Mode Analysis." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 3824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8345.

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27

Toi, Pham Van, Tran Ngoc Quang, Nguyen Van Duy, and Mac Van Dat. "The variation of temperature in parked car's cabin in the summer." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (JSTCE) - HUCE 16, no. 4 (September 29, 2022): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2022-16(4)-10.

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This study aimed to investigate the inside temperature variation of two cars with different colours (black vs. white) in the conditions: doors fully closed vs. doors partially opened; sunny parking area vs. shaded parking area. Several temperature devices - Maxim Integrated DS1921 Hygrochron iButton were used to measure continuously and simultaneously both outdoor and indoor temperatures of the black and white cars. The results of this study showed that the temperature of a black car’s cabin was higher than that of white car’s cabin because the black colour absorbs sunlight more than the white colour. The results reported that the increase in temperature of the car’s cabin under the condition of closed doors and unshaded parking area was higher than that in other conditions. After 30 min (from 3:10 PM to 3:40 PM) of exposing to sunlight, the highest temperature of the black car’s cabin was 40.5 °C, meanwhile that of the white car’s cabin was 37.5 °C. Therefore, during the time of stationary, the automobile should be parked in shaded parking area in the summer.
28

Oto, K., A. Shinobe, M. Manabe, H. Kakuuchi, Y. Yoshida, and T. Nakahara. "New semiconductor type gas sensor for air quality control in automobile cabin." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 77, no. 1-2 (June 2001): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(01)00717-1.

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29

MOURA, L., N. A. S. SAMPAIO, J. G. M. BARROS, M. G. D. ALMEIDA, B. BASTOS, and A. H. A. JUNIOR. "APLICAÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA DE ANÁLISE DE MODO E EFEITOS DE FALHAS PARA O PROJETO DE UM TRANSPORTADOR AÉREO DE CABINES: ESTUDO DE CASO DE UMA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOBILÍSTICA." Revista SODEBRAS 14, no. 168 (December 2019): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29367/issn.1809-3957.14.2019.168.97.

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30

Li, Weijian, Jiqing Chen, and Fengchong Lan. "Environmental conditions driven method for automobile cabin pre-conditioning with multi-satisfaction objectives." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): e0266672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266672.

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The optimal initial pre-conditioning parameter is essential to properly adjust the temperature within the cabin in an effective and accurate way, especially while passengers’ thermal comfort and energy-saving properties are both considered. Under the various environmental thermal loads, the pre-conditioning solutions resulting from those pre-fixed cooling parameters are unfeasible for achieving accurately passengers’ comfort temperature. In addition, it is also difficult in such a narrow car space to identify a lot of local attributes due to the different material properties and sizes of a variety of structural parts that have various thermal responses to environmental conditions. This paper presents a data-driven decision model to numerically identify the degrees of the cabin thermal characteristic to determine satisfactory pre-conditioning parameter schemes. Initially, based on the thermal data within a vehicle recorded through the whole year at a selected hot climate region of the Middle East, the study levels multiple climate scenes corresponding to change in the cabin air temperature. Then three classification algorithms (Support Vector Machines, Decision Tree, and K-nearest neighbor model) are used to comparatively identify climate levels according to the input conditions. Based on the identified climate level, an appropriate parameters scheme for this level is applied. A comprehensive evaluation index (CEI) is proposed to characterize the passengers’ satisfaction in numerical computation, on considering multi-satisfaction objectives including Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), local temperature, air quality, and energy efficiency; and it formulates the pre-conditioning parameter scheme for each climate scene with CEI. Several scene cases are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed models. The result shows that the pre-conditioning schemes of the model can effectively satisfy passengers in multi-satisfaction objectives.
31

Cascetta, F., and M. Musto. "Assessment of thermal comfort in a car cabin with sky-roof." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto264.

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The need to address the problem of thermal comfort inside a car cabin is becoming more significant for the automobile industry especially as recent developments in vehicle styling entail an increase in the glazed surfaces of the car, in particular for sky-roof models. The extended glazed surfaces produce an increase in radiative thermal loads on the area involved and so greater attention is being given to the enhancement and upgrading of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system capacity, and efforts are being made to find solutions to the problem of thermal comfort inside the cabin. This paper is a first experimental study which focuses on assessing the performance of four different types of special laminated sky-roof (with a low-emissivity internal surface). A performance comparison between special and traditional sky-roofs has been carried out in a field test (on the road) in summer conditions. The main results show that the special sky-roofs allow the temperature inside the car cabin to be reduced.
32

Preethichandra, Daluwathu Mulla Gamage, Lasitha Piyathilaka, and Umar Izhar. "Experimental Study on Cabin Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Light Passenger Vehicles." Engineering Proceedings 2, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08266.

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This paper discusses the initial experimental results of monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) inside automobiles with different cabin sizes and with different numbers of occupants. The initial study shows that the CO2 and TVOC concentrations are inversely proportional to cabin volume and proportional to passenger numbers and time when the metabolic activities were maintained at the same level. This study was aimed at short distance travel on normal roads, and further studies are to be carried out for long distance running on highways to make sound decisions on automatic air inflow control to maintain the in-cabin air within permissible levels of CO2. The study shows that a CO2 concentration of 1500 ppm is reached by all three light passenger vehicle types used within 20 minutes with a single person and reached a CO2 level of nearly 3000 ppm within the same time with two passengers in the cabin.
33

Pawar, Sharad, Ashwin Singh, Prajakta Kamane, Shubham Shelki, and Priya Dighore. "Literature Review on Air Conditioning Heat load Analysis of a Cabin." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 3219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52304.

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Abstract: Air conditioning system is necessary in automobile to maintain the comfort condition. Therefore, it is important to study transient response of vehicle under real driving conditions. The Heat Balance Method (HBM) is used for estimating the heating and cooling loads which develops inside the vehicle cabin. The Load Calculation of Automobile Air Conditioning System is calculated and presented. An hourly cooling load is calculated in Tirunelveli region with respect to its latitude. Tons of refrigeration required is also found out from the cooling load calculation and a review on cooling load calculation is also presented. This study gives overall cooling load and AC power consumption which can be used by HVAC engineers to design more efficient car AC systems. Only by knowing the cooling load and source of thermal load, we can develop intelligent system to reduce AC consumption. Environmental Control System (ECS) is a generic term used in aircraft industry for maintaining the required air temperature and pressure inside passenger and crew compartment. The real challenge for an ECS is to operate and supply adequate cooling over a wide range of ground and flight conditions in a most reliable and efficient manner. The most important aspect of ECS is to know the cabin heat loads during air cooling or air heating phases. A precise calculation of aircraft heat load would be a long process requiring detailed knowledge of the aircraft structure and of the quantities involved in the mechanism of heat pick up and interchange in the cabin. This paper describes a method that may be applied in calculating the heat load for any aircraft and calculations are shown for a typical light transport aircraft under the conditions that, the cabin altitude is maintained within 0 ft to 8000 ft (2438.4m) for the aircraft altitude of 0 ft to 25000ft (7620m). The system shall be capable of maintaining temperatures within 59°F to 75°F (15°C to 30°C).
34

Knibbs, Luke D., Richard J. de Dear, and Lidia Morawska. "Effect of Cabin Ventilation Rate on Ultrafine Particle Exposure Inside Automobiles." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 9 (May 2010): 3546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9038209.

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35

VAYGHANI, SHAHNAZ ALIMOKHTARI, and CLIFFORD WEISEL. "The MTBE air concentrations in the cabin of automobiles while fueling." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 9, no. 3 (June 1999): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500037.

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36

Sood, Divyanshu, Divya Das, Sana Fatima Ali, and Dibakar Rakshit. "Numerical analysis of an automobile cabin thermal management using passive phase change material." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 25 (October 2021): 100870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2021.100870.

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37

OKANO, Takahiro, and Kiyoshi KAWAGUCHI. "306 Reduction of the Cabin Temperature at the Parking Automobile under Solar Radiation." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2008.45 (2008): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2008.45.79.

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38

Korukçu, M. Özgün, and Muhsin Kilic. "The usage of IR thermography for the temperature measurements inside an automobile cabin." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 36, no. 8 (October 2009): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.04.010.

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39

Jo, Wan-Kuen, and Kun-Ho Park. "Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in automobiles' cabins while commuting along a Korean urban area." Environment International 24, no. 3 (April 1998): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(98)00004-x.

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40

Horobet, Tiberiu, Paul Danca, Ilinca Nastase, and Florin Bode. "Preliminary research on virtual thermal comfort of automobile occupants." E3S Web of Conferences 32 (2018): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183201022.

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Numerical simulation of climate conditions in automotive industry for the study of thermal comfort had become more and more prominent in the last years compared with the classical approach which consists in wind tunnel measurements and field testing, the main advantages being the reduction of vehicle development time and costs. The study presented in this paper is a part of a project intended to evaluate different strategies of cabin ventilation for improving the thermal comfort inside vehicles. A virtual thermal manikin consisting of 24 parts was introduced on the driver seat in a vehicle. A heat load calculated for summer condition in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania was imposed as boundary condition. The purpose of this study was to elaborate a virtual thermal manikin suitable for our research, introduction of the manikin inside the vehicle and to examine his influence inside the automobile. The thermal comfort of the virtual manikin was evaluated in terms of temperature and air velocity.
41

Simmons, R. B., L. J. Rose, S. A. Crow, and D. G. Ahearn. "Microbial Ecology of Extreme Environments: Automobile Air Conditioning Systems." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600035789.

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Automobile air conditioning systems (ACS) might be considered an extreme environment for many microorganisms. Organisms surviving and proliferating in these systems may be presented with temperature changes ranging from subzero to over 140°F, water activity from saturation to dryness and a nutrient complexity including varying levels of hydrocarbons. Microbial communities develop in ACS and sometimes proliferate to the extent of massive colonization and production of objectionable odors.In a few instances microorganisms emanating from ACS have been associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other allergic reactions. Previously we demonstrated that foam insulation and glues, in particular, on ACS insulations were colonized by fungi such as Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. Such fungi often are implicated in colonization of similar substrates in buildings categorized with the sick building syndrome.A total of 42 ACS from the United States, Europe and Central America have been examined by cabin air sampling culture swab, direct microscopy or a combination of these techniques.
42

Jose, Sherin Sam, and Ramesh Kumar Chidambaram. "Thermal Comfort Optimization in an Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 1957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390634.

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In automobiles, the demand for HVAC has been rising for decades and the key variables that affect the thermal comfort in a car were identified as air velocity, temperature, radiant temperature, and relative humidity. Thermal comfort estimation in a vehicle depends on the transient behavior of the cabin space and boundaries. The predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) are the available methods to describe and optimize thermal comfort in cabin space. In this paper, the cabin thermal comfort of a minivan was analyzed for reduction of energy consumption with the help of experimental and numerical simulation. Using CFD simulation and validation with experimental data, the flow dynamics inside a vehicle cabin is evaluated based on air velocity, temperature, and comfort indices. With some error for the extreme planes, a strong agreement was reached between the experimental values and the CFD model. With the reduction in the air velocity from 2.3 m/s to 1.3 m/s, the average power required to run the blower can be reduced by 43%, providing an advantage of reducing the capacity of the compressor. The higher PPD values were observed on the walls of the cabin and at the outlet of the AC vents.
43

Kobayashi, Sho, Ryo Kiyotaki, Zhe Li, and Osamu Terashima. "On the relationship between the vibration characteristics of the automobile wheel and generated road noise in the vehicle cabin." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 6187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0916.

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The relationship between vibration characteristics of an automobile wheel and the generated road noise in the vehicle cabin was investigated experimentally and numerically because it is one of the vibration transmission paths caused by the input force from roads. Experiments were conducted using 15-inch wheels in two different vibration characteristics, and the results were discussed based on the measurements of the noise in the cabin and vibrational acceleration of the sub-frame of the vehicle when driving on smooth and rough roads at a speed of 30 km/h. Further, transient analysis using FEM was also performed using a tire-wheel assembly model. The results showed that large differences were observed in the generated noise of 49, 90, and 167 Hz in the case of the smooth road, and these differences were due to the difference in the magnitude of vibrational accelerations of the wheel at these frequencies.
44

Zhang, Yingchao, Ziqiao Li, Shengda Liu, Guohua Wang, and He Chang. "A Study of Passenger Car Cabin Pre-Ventilation under the Sun." Energies 16, no. 20 (October 19, 2023): 7154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16207154.

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With the increasing intelligence of automobiles, vehicle pre-ventilation can be better controlled. In summer, cars parked in the open air are directly exposed to sunlight; thus, a high-temperature environment is formed in the occupant cabin, which seriously affects the passengers and driver’s riding and driving experience. Meanwhile, lowering the temperature of the passenger compartment from a very high temperature to a comfortable temperature consumes a lot of energy. Therefore, it is increasingly important to study the pre-ventilation of the cabin in order to improve the thermal comfort of the occupant cabin and reduce energy consumption. In this paper, a new theoretical model of a cabin temperature control system is proposed. To support the theoretical model, an outdoor parking temperature rise test was carried out. Environmental parameters were obtained and used as the boundary conditions of the subsequent simulation. Based on the mechanism of the cabin temperature rise, the convective heat transfer coefficient on the body surface, the equivalent heat transfer model of the cabin, the solar radiation model and the physical properties of the air, a computational simulation of the temperature rise in the occupant cabin was carried out, and a simulation of the temperature rise in the occupant cabin exposure was studied. The simulation results were compared with the experimental findings to verify the accuracy of the simulation, which provided a reference for the design of the pre-cooling function of the occupant cabin. This study revealed that the pre-ventilation model developed reduces the vehicle cabin temperature through optimal control of air supply volumes and air supply angles. Furthermore, the developed pre-ventilation model is capable of reducing energy consumption, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
45

Hsueh, Keng D., Larry D. Hollingsworth, Garland Lee, Yong Chen, Keith Murawski, and Mike P. Haffey. "Application of a time domain approach to adaptive separation/synthesis of automobile cabin noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, no. 4 (October 1996): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.417082.

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46

Mariita, Richard M., James H. Davis, Michelle M. Lottridge, Rajul V. Randive, Hauke Witting, and Johannes Yu. "Towards a Healthy Car: UVC LEDs in an Automobile’s HVAC Demonstrates Effective Disinfection of Cabin Air." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111926.

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Vehicle Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems can accumulate and recirculate highly infectious respiratory diseases via aerosols. Integrating Ultraviolet Subtype C (UVC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to complement automobile HVAC systems can protect occupants from developing allergies, experiencing inflammatory problems, or acquiring respiratory infectious diseases by inactivating pathogenic organisms. UVC can add little to no static pressure with minimal space, unlike mercury lamps which are larger and heavier. Additionally, UVC LEDs are effective at low voltage and have no mercury or glass. While previous experiments have shown UVC LED technology can reduce bacteriophage Phi6 concentrations by 1 log in 5 min (selected as the average time to clean the cabin air), those studies had not positioned LED within the HVAC itself or studied the susceptibility of the surrogate at the specific wavelength. This study aimed to assess the disinfection performance of UVC LEDs in automotive HVAC systems and determine the dose–response curve for bacteriophage Phi6, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate. To achieve this, UVC LEDs were installed in a car HVAC system. To determine inactivation efficacy, a model chamber of 3.5 m3, replicating the typical volume of a car, containing the modified automobile HVAC system was filled with bacteriophage Phi6, and the HVAC was turned on with and without the UVC LEDs being turned on. The results revealed that HVAC complemented with UVC reduced bacteriophage Phi6 levels significantly more than the HVAC alone and reduced the viral concentration in the cabin by more than 90% viral reduction in less than 5 min. The performance after 5 min is expected to be significantly better against SARS-CoV-2 because of its higher sensitivity to UVC, especially at lower wavelengths (below 270 nm). HVAC alone could not achieve a 90% viral reduction of bacteriophage Phi6 in 15 min. Applying UVC LEDs inside an HVAC system is an effective means of quickly reducing the number of aerosolized viral particles in the chamber, by inactivating microorganisms leading to improved cabin air quality.
47

Shurygin, V. Y., A. V. Tumasov, L. N. Orlov, and D. V. Sharov. "Evaluation of strength of undercarriage of light commercial vehicles with design changes." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66955.

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The results of the design study of undercarriage of light commercial vehicle are provided in the paper. GAZ 3302 was selected as object of research. Calculations are made using the finite element method and modern software package MSC PATRAN / NASTRAN of license package University MD FEA Bundle. The models of undercarriage with differ- ent types of settings are developed: euro truck, on-board platform, vehicle carrier. The possibility of extension of the frame of the automobile is considered. The developed model includes: frame, cabin, leaf springs, body superstructure. Models loading mode corresponds to the front right wheel display at full weight of the automobile. Picture of strain distribution and maximum equivalent stress by Mises criterion are gained. The calculation of bending stiffness is made. The obtained results of calculations allow to perform a comparative analysis of the original and extended structures with different body superstructures and to evaluate the degree of change in the stiffness and strength of the system. The re- sults of the research say that extension of the automobile frame within 1100 mm is an increase in stress in the average of 10% and a decrease in rigidity by 15%. The values of the maximum stresses remain within acceptable limits. There- fore proposed design of frame has sufficient strength and rigidity in terms of possible operational loads.
48

Salih, Saman Jalal, Rizgar Bakr Weli, and Hameed D. Lafta. "Effect of a Parked Car Orientation on a Temperature Distribution and Cooling Load Calculation: Experimental Study." Journal of Engineering 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.03.07.

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When a vehicle is left parked in the sun for an extended period, the gathered heat causes damage to several interiors within the cabin and causes discomfort for people and animals left inside the car. In the present work, the effect of the orientation of a parked white minibus on temperature distribution and cooling load calculation is studied experimentally in an open environment. Two different cases were studied facing south and facing east. For several hours, the temperature inside the car cabin had been monitored and measured at five separate locations. The cooling load calculations are carried out based on the experimental measurements. The results show that the overheating of parked cars always happens as a result of the radiation load especially when a car has a large surface glass area. Also, the ambient load is directly proportional to the ambient temperature, and the total load related directly to radiation load reaches the maximum value of 2358.1 W at 3:00 pm for 1st case and 2118.3 W at 11:00 am for 2nd case which shows an increase of 11.32 %. Thus, these results emphasized the fact that the orientation of the parked car may considerably affect the temperature distribution and the cooling load of the car cabin. Also, the study may be considered an essential step in designing any assisted ventilation or auxiliary air conditioning system that may enhance the car cabin conditions even while the car’s engine was off (parked automobile).
49

Baek, Lee, and Kim. "Experimental Verification of Use of Vacuum Insulating Material in Electric Vehicle Headliner to Reduce Thermal Load." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 4207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204207.

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In electric vehicles (EVs), the use of high-temperature heat transfer components that effectively block external heat and minimize cooling losses can increase vehicle mileage during heating/cooling operations and improve passenger comfort. In particular, in ensuring high thermal insulation, the car headliner forms an important component for effectively managing environmental heat energy and heating and cooling processes inside the EV. In this study, we have proposed and experimentally verified the use and efficacy of vacuum insulation material in the headliner of EVs to reduce the heat load. The thermal conductivity and air permeability of various conventional insulating and vacuum insulation materials used for the headliner were compared to accurately predict the vacuum insulation material performance. We found that the vacuum insulation material affords reduced surface roughness and thermal conductivity and high formability relative to conventional insulation. We also confirmed consequent improvements in the insulation performance by comparing the characteristics of the proposed vacuum-insulation-material headliner (relative to conventional materials) via prototyping and reliability testing. With the “improved” headliner, in summer, the temperature of the automobile cabin was lowered by 2.8 °C, and the cabin temperature was lowered by 3.9 °C during the cooling period relative to conventional insulators, which proves that the cabin temperature can be maintained at a low value during summer parking or cooling. In winter, the cabin temperature was found to be 7.7 °C higher than that obtained with the conventional insulator, which indicates that the cabin temperature can be maintained higher via reduction in the heat loss (because of using vacuum insulation) under the same heating energy conditions during winter.
50

CHIHARA, Takanori, and Jiro SAKAMOTO. "Effect of design changes of automobile cabin in the virtual reality space on visual spaciousness." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 85, no. 880 (2019): 19–00241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.19-00241.

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