Статті в журналах: "Automatic weapon"

1

VO, Bien Van, Martin MACKO, and Hung M. DAO. "Experimental Study of Automatic Weapon Vibrations when Burst Firing." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5984.

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The article presents a new approach to finding the dynamic characteristics of automatic weapons, mainly in case of burst firing. The experiments were tested out on a 30 mm AGS-17 grenade launcher mounted on a tripod in the event of a shot. The obtained results are the basis for evaluating the firing stability of an automatic weapon when burst firing, which allows modernising the existing weapons and evaluating similar weapon systems. Furthermore, the outputs can be used to validate a dynamic model of an automatic weapon system mounted on the tripod. The procedure can be used as an example of practical technique and methodology for other weapon systems.

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2

Anderson, Craig A., Arlin J. Benjamin, and Bruce D. Bartholow. "Does the Gun Pull the Trigger? Automatic Priming Effects of Weapon Pictures and Weapon Names." Psychological Science 9, no. 4 (July 1998): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00061.

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More than 30 years ago, Berkowitz and LePage (1967) published the first study demonstrating that the mere presence of a weapon increases aggressive behavior. These results have been replicated in several contexts by several research teams. The standard explanation of this weapons effect on aggressive behavior involves priming; identification of a weapon is believed to automatically increase the accessibility of aggression-related thoughts. Two experiments using a word pronunciation task tested this hypothesis. Both experiments consisted of multiple trials in which a prime stimulus (weapon or nonweapon) was followed by a target word (aggressive or nonaggressive) that was to be read as quickly as possible. The prime stimuli were words in Experiment 1 and pictures in Experiment 2. Both experiments showed that the mere identification of a weapon primes aggression-related thoughts. A process model linking weapons as primes to aggressive behavior is discussed briefly.

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3

MACKO, Martin, Bien Van VO, and Quang Anh MAI. "Dynamics of Short Recoil-Operated Weapon." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2432.

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In this article, the authors mentioned the function of short-recoil-operated weapons with a vertical sliding-wedge breechblock. The dynamic simulation was conducted and then the results were compared with the corresponding experimental data to verify reliability of the model. The model is calculated and tested out on the 37 mm twin anti-aircraft gun. Besides, the article presents the effect of some structural parameters on functionality of the automatic weapon. The reported results are an important theoretical basis to determine the rate of fire and the forces acting on the guns. The movement of the breechblock also affects stability of the weapon and can therefore be used to a math model or to simulate the movement of the weapon. Calculated and verified data could be used for the design of an automatic firing system as well as for solving vibration on automatic guns when burst firing.

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4

Grabovskiy, Andrey, Mykola M. Tkachuk, Anatoly Nabokov, Olexandr Lytvynenko, Ganna Tkachuk, Oleg Rіkunov, Serhii Kutsenko, Volodymyr Panchenko, and Denys Kyslytsia. "ANALYSIS THE REACTION OF LIGHTARMOR MACHINES ON THE ACTION OF POLYPULSES FORCES." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Engineering and CAD, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0775.2021.1.05.

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In modern conditions, lightarmored vehicles with powerful weapon modules are widely used in the armies of different countries. These modules are equipped with small-caliber automatic cannons, which have a rate of fire of several hundred rounds per minute and a high level of recoil forces. Moreover, there are tendencies towards an increase in the rate of fire and the caliber of weapons (and, accordingly, recoil forces). Considering that weapon modules rely on the lightarmored vehicles skeleton, which has higher responsiveness characteristics than heavy combat vehicles in terms of weight, the problem of determining the reaction of the «weapon module - armored hull - suspension» system to the action of recoil forces in order to ensure on the one hand, the strength of armored hulls, and on the other hand, reducing the load on the guidance and stabilization system of weapons during firing.To study the response of elements of lightly armored vehicles to the action of recoil forces when firing a burst of combat modules, numerous models have been built with a small number of degrees of freedom. Using these models, the reaction of a dynamic system to the action of a number of impulses was investigated.These impulses caused by the action of recoil forces when firing shots from combat modules. Keywords: lightlyarmored vehicle; weapon module; small-bore automatic cannon; recoil force targeting and weapon stabilization system; dynamic system; numerical modeling; method of finite elements; natural vibration frequency

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5

Han, Xiao Ming, Yu Cheng Bo, Qiang Li, and Ji Huang. "Design and Analysis of Magneto-Rheological Dampers under Impact Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2045.

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In order to improve recoil mechanism’s buffering function of automatic weapon, using Newton’s second law, its recoil movement is analyzed and design model of magneto-rheological (MR) damper under impact loads is built. Structure parameter and control strategy are defined. Dampers’ characteristic curves at different magnetizing currents and different recoil speeds are tested on a damper indicator test bench. Some weapon’s recoil forces are artificially computed. The research results indicate that MR dampers have a perfect damping plateau effect. Recoil force of automatic weapon will be reduced by a big margin using the property that MR fluid can change at applied magnetic to control damping rules.

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6

Dan, Wei, Yong Liang Wu, Yuan Lin, and Tao Hu. "Vibration Characteristic Optimization of Overhead Weapon Station Based on Dynamic Stability Concept." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.257.

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In view of poor accuracy of an overhead weapon station’s automatic firing, analyze the main vibration parameters affected the projectile dispersion, establish the vibration characteristic optimization model based on dynamic stability concept, and sensitivity analysis. Through optimization design of weapon station structure parameters, optimize the vibration characteristics and improve the accuracy of automatic firing. This method has certain reference value for structural modifications of the weapon station.

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7

Soós, Péter. "Király Pál and the Hungarian Submachine Guns." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2015.3.8.

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Király Pál was one of the best-known Hungarian weapon designers, whose name has become a synonym for the submachine guns he constructed. His confusing personality and puzzling career well reflect an eventful and chaotic period of 20th century Hungarian history. When his most successful creations, the Király submachine guns, were being developed, no experience regarding the military usage of such weapons was available at all. Consequently, when designing and manufacturing the weapons, the closely cooperating military supreme command and ammunitions industry faced several initial problems. Although the continuing development proved successful, production capacity fell behind the growing needs of the military for automatic handguns. The present work aims at introducing the famous engineer’s life and activity, as well as the phases of weapon development and production history.

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8

Li, Shan Shan, Peng Wang, Xu Han, Jin Feng Liu, and Xiao Gang Zhou. "Investigation of Ventilation Monitoring and Controlling System for Supercavitation Experiment in the Water-Tunnel Based on Configuration Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 3219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.3219.

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The supercavitation weapon is a new concept weapon moving at a high speed underwater, which is devised applying the characteristic of supercavitation reducing the resistance of water, and it may be widely used in the future. The present ventilating system has many shortcomings, such as less automation and numerous data cannot be measured and recorded timely. In this paper, the automatic monitor and control ventilating system of supercavitation water-tunnel was developed using configuration software and PLC. All parameters can be measured, recorded and displayed automatically via using of the system. It has many advantages such as higher automation, convenience, and easy maintenance.

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9

Zhao, Yan Jun, Wen Qing Ge, and Cheng Xu. "The Application of Second-Developed ADAMS on Simulation of Individual Soldier Automatic Weapon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1056.

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Based on ADAMS, The dynamics simulation software of individual soldier automatic weapon was developed. Parameter modification, remodeling, dynamics simulation, simulation replay, obtain and save of results of Individual Soldier Automatic weapon model by finely Chinese interface were completed. The software brings convenient for user,and improves design efficiency. The results show that the software is reliable.

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10

KOSMACZ-CHODOROWSKA, Anna. "PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ON IDENTIFICATION OF WEAPONS." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 144, no. 4 (February 27, 2018): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5822.

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An introduction of new electronic management tools such as Automatic Data Capture systems (ADC) and Electronic Data Interchange systems (EDI) is needed to upgrade the Polish Armed Forces. ADC systems, presently under implementation in the Polish Armed Forces, require identification of all resources and deliveries received by the army, including pieces of weaponry, in accordance with GS1 global standards and solutions (Global System 1). The identification of weapons along with their attributes and global, international and national brand identifiers in databases, and also through their physical identification, is a result of work and research which has been carried out since 2010, and of over 25 years' experience. The article presents problems with identifying weapons and methods of solving them, relying on the works which have been carried out for the last four years for the army and weapon suppliers.

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11

Yao, Zhu Ting. "Software Testing and Evaluation on Auto-Loading Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.138.

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Auto-loading system is as an important part of weapons and equipment, its work reliability determines the combat effectiveness and their own safety of weapon systems. As the core of the automatic loading system control, the control software’s reliability of automatic loading system is especially important. In introducing the importance of software testing, from the basic method of software testing starts, design methods is detailing on test and a case of black box test of the automatic loading system, and finally, combined with the equip software testing, software evaluation model was constructed, Results consistent with test results from platform, shooting range, altitude, cold regions, thermal zone, they are proved the software testing and evaluation are valid.

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12

Zhao, Yan Jun, Qin Man Fan, Wen Qing Ge, and Cheng Xu. "Thermal Response Analysis of Barrel of ISAW." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 1262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.1262.

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Aim at Individual Soldier Automatic Weapon (ISAW), three-dimensional FE model and thermoelasticity coupling model of barrel were built. The coupling temperature field and coupling stress field of the barrel were calculated. Laws of the coupling temperature field and coupling stress field were obtained. The coupling temperature field and coupling stress field of different set of barrel aim at automatic fire were compared. The results show that the Material Properties of the barrel is security. Current research work will be helpful the Individual Soldier Automatic weapon design and the life of barrel study.

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13

Cai, Gui Fang. "Design of a Virtual Automatic Test System of the Missile Autopilot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1377.

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To improve the test speed and efficiency, a virtual automatic test system of missile autopilot is designed. The inbuilt computer is used as the core of the system; the modularization instrument bus standard which composed of the PXI card, the programmable instrument and other advanced test techniques is adopted. The automation test device hardware facility is used in the virtual automatic test system; the pilot mechanism fault analysis software is developed, so the faults of the missile autopilot can be located faster and more accurate. The virtual automatic test system can be used to test the current parameters, special capability and the function of the electronic parts among the missile weapon system.

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14

Judd, Charles M., Irene V. Blair, and Kristine M. Chapleau. "Automatic stereotypes vs. automatic prejudice: Sorting out the possibilities in the weapon paradigm." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40, no. 1 (January 2004): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1031(03)00063-5.

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15

Yurievich, Mamychev Alexey, Gayvoronskaya Yana Vladimitovna, Petrova Daria Anatolievna, and Miroshnichenko Olga Igorevna. "Deadly Automatic Systems: Ethical And Legal Problems." Journal of Politics and Law 12, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n4p50.

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Artificial intelligence, neural networks, speech and behavior recognition systems, drones, autonomous robotic systems - all of these and many other technologies are widely used by the military to create a new type of lethal weapon programmed to independently decide to use military force. According to experts, production of such weapons will be a revolution in military affairs, the same kind of revolution that the creation of nuclear weapons made back in the days. Adoption of fully autonomous combat systems raises a number of ethical and legal issues, the major of which is a destruction of a supposed enemy’s manpower by a robot without a human command. This article focuses on the legal aspects of creating autonomous combat systems, their legal status and the prospects of creating an international document prohibiting lethal robotic technologies. As the result of the study, the authors came to a conclusion that there is no direct legal restriction on the use of fully autonomous combat systems, however, the use of such weapons contradicts the doctrinal norms of international law. The authors also believe that a comprehensive ban on the development, use and distribution of robotic technologies is hardly possible in the foreseeable future. The most possible scenario for solving the problem at an international level is only a ban on the use of this type of military equipment directly during an operational activity of an armed conflict. At the same time, the authors consider it necessary to outline the acceptable areas of application of robotic technologies: medical and logistical support of military operations, military construction, the use of mine clearing robots and similar humanistically justified measures.

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16

Hristov, Nebojsa, Dragan Pamucar, and M. S. M. E. Amine. "Application of a D Number based LBWA Model and an Interval MABAC Model in Selection of an Automatic Cannon for Integration into Combat Vehicles." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.15738.

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A decision making procedure for selection of a weapon system involves different, often contradictory criteriaand reaching decisions under conditions of uncertainty. This paper proposes a novel multi-criteria methodology based on D numbers which enables efficient analysis of the information used for decision making. The proposed methodology has been developed in order to enable selection of an efficient weapon system under conditions when a large number of hierarchically structured evaluation criteria has to be processed. A novel D number based Level Based Weight Assessment – Multi Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (D LBWA-MABAC) model is used for selection of an automatic cannon for integration into combat vehicles. Criteria weights are determined based on the improved LBWA-D model. The traditional MABAC method has been further developed by integration of interval numbers. A hybrid D LBWA-MABAC framework is used for evaluation of an automatic cannon for integration into combat vehicles. Nine weapon systems used worldwide have been ranked in this paper. This multicriteria approach allows decision makers to assess options objectively and reach a rational decision regarding the selection of an optimal weapon system. Validation of the proposed methodology is performed through sensitivity analysis which studies how changes in the weights of the best criterion and the elasticity coefficient affect the ranking results.

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17

Ash, James. "Flat ontology and geography." Dialogues in Human Geography 10, no. 3 (July 17, 2020): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820620940052.

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Human geographers are increasingly drawing upon a range of philosophical positions that espouse a more or less flat ontological approach for theorising a range of phenomena. These approaches differentiate between entities in terms of degree rather than kind in order to avoid essentialist, hierarchical or binary modes of thought. To achieve this, they understand the differences between entities as relational. Building upon these perspectives, this article offers a flat ontology that differentiates between things according to their form, which can be identified through a process of de-determination. The concepts of form and de-determination offer a supplement to existing flat ontological approaches by accounting for the difference of entities in terms of where their qualities begin and end as well as their location within a particular set of relations. To demonstrate how the concept of form and de-determination can be applied, I turn to the example of the legal and regulatory debates in the US around the difference between semi-automatic and automatic weapons that have arisen through the development of bump stocks: weapon accessories that allow semi-automatic rifles to mimic fully automatic fire.

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18

Jones, Christopher R., and Russell H. Fazio. "Person Categorization and Automatic Racial Stereotyping Effects on Weapon Identification." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36, no. 8 (August 2010): 1073–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167210375817.

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19

Sun, Huai-Ku, Yun-Tien Liu, and Cun-Gin Chen. "Dynamic Analysis of a Vehicular-mounted Automatic Weapon–Planar Case." Defence Science Journal 59, no. 3 (May 25, 2009): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1520.

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20

el den Mohamed, Mai Kamal, Ahmed Taha, and Hala H. Zayed. "Automatic Gun Detection Approach for Video Surveillance." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 12, no. 1 (January 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.2020010103.

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The immense crime rates resulting from using pistols have led governments to seek solutions to deal with such terrorist incidents. These incidents have a negative impact on public security and cause panic among citizens. From this point, facing a pandemic of weapon violence has become an important research topic. One way to reduce this kind of violence is to prevent it via remote detection and to give an appropriate response in a short time. Video surveillance is the process of monitoring the behavior of people and objects. Surveillance systems can be employed in security applications as legal evidence. Moreover, it is used widely in suspicious activity detection applications. Intelligent video surveillance systems (IVSSs) are the use of automatic video analytics to enhance the effectiveness of traditional surveillance systems. With the rapid development in Deep Learning (DL), it is now widely used to address the problems existing in traditional detection techniques. In this article, an approach to detect pistols and guns in video surveillance systems is proposed. The presented approach does not need any invasive tools in the weapon detection process. It uses DL in the classification and the detection processes. The proposed approach enhances the obtained results by applying Transfer Learning (TL). It employs two different DL techniques: AlexNet and GoogLeNet. Experimental results verify the adaptability of detecting different types of pistols and guns. The experiments were conducted on a benchmark gun database called Internet Movie Firearms Database (IMFDB). The results obtained suggest that the proposed approach is promising and outperforms its counterparts.

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21

WÓJCIK, Zbigniew, Tadeusz ŚWIĘTEK, and Marcin ŁABNO. "The Design Specificity of the Ammunition Supply and Storage Mechanism in Naval Weapon System OSU-35." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3707.

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The article presents the design of the ammunition supply and storage mechanism developed for the 35 mm Naval Cannon, which is an integral part of the Naval Weapon System OSU-35. The system for supplying and storing ammunition for the 35 mm KDA automatic naval cannon, was developed and manufactured in Zakłady Mechaniczne (Mechanical Plant) ‘Tarnów’ S.A. in Tarnów (Poland), as part of the project ‘35 mm Automatic Naval Cannon KDA with a Fire Control System Installed on the Ship Using the Sea Version of the ZGS-158 Integrated Tracking Head with Fire Control System’. The manufactured ammunition supply and storage mechanism used in the 35 mm Naval Cannon has been tested in the factory, military training area and verified in real conditions during research conducted at sea. The sea tests of the Naval Weapon System, installed on board of Polish anti-submarine corvette ORP Kaszub, were carried out in real conditions and included tests of shooting at surface and air targets at various parameters and distances to the target. The results of the tests carried out showed that the adopted design solutions met the assumptions that had been set and defined for the development of the 35 mm Naval Cannon, which is an integral part of the Naval Weapon System.

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22

Sava, Alin-Constantin, Ioan-Liviu Piticari, Diana-Georgeta Nistoran, and Cristian-Emil Moldoveanu. "The Analysis Of The Vibratory Movement Of The Gun Barrel And Its Influence On The Firing Accuracy." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0150.

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Abstract It is known that the forces and shocks that occur during the firing process of a firearm induce vibrations to the barrel of the weapon and to the weapon as a whole. There are flexural, longitudinal, radial and torsional vibrations. The most important ones are considered to be the flexural or bending vibrations, especially the ones recorded in the muzzle section. This paper presents a method of recording the flexural vibrations of the barrel in the muzzle section of a 5,56mm automatic rifle and the influence of muzzle devices, using modern equipment (high speed cameras) and dedicated software.

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23

Naik, S. Gopi. "Weapon and Object Detection Using Mobile-Net SSD Model in Deep Neural Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37622.

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Abstract: The plan is to establish an integrated system that can manage high-quality visual information and also detect weapons quickly and efficiently. It is obtained by integrating ARM-based computer vision and optimization algorithms with deep neural networks able to detect the presence of a threat. The whole system is connected to a Raspberry Pi module, which will capture live broadcasting and evaluate it using a deep convolutional neural network. Due to the intimate interaction between object identification and video and image analysis in real-time objects, By generating sophisticated ensembles that incorporate various low-level picture features with high-level information from object detection and scenario classifiers, their performance can quickly plateau. Deep learning models, which can learn semantic, high-level, deeper features, have been developed to overcome the issues that are present in optimization algorithms. It presents a review of deep learning based object detection frameworks that use Convolutional Neural Network layers for better understanding of object detection. The Mobile-Net SSD model behaves differently in network design, training methods, and optimization functions, among other things. The crime rate in suspicious areas has been reduced as a consequence of weapon detection. However, security is always a major concern in human life. The Raspberry Pi module, or computer vision, has been extensively used in the detection and monitoring of weapons. Due to the growing rate of human safety protection, privacy and the integration of live broadcasting systems which can detect and analyse images, suspicious areas are becoming indispensable in intelligence. This process uses a Mobile-Net SSD algorithm to achieve automatic weapons and object detection. Keywords: Computer Vision, Weapon and Object Detection, Raspberry Pi Camera, RTSP, SMTP, Mobile-Net SSD, CNN, Artificial Intelligence.

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24

Kumar, V. Ashok. "Automatic Checkout System for Ground Electronics of a Weapon System (Short Communication)." Defence Science Journal 47, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.47.3998.

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25

SUCHOCKI, Cyprian, and Janusz EWERTOWSKI. "Experimental and Finite Element Studies on Man-Rifle Reaction Force." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.8991.

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The study concerns a man-weapon interaction during a gunshot. The recoil force measurements obtained for the Kalashnikov automatic rifle are presented and analyzed. The influence of shooter’s mass, height and position is described. The breech pressure and projectile velocity data are presented as well. In addition, a finite element (FE) model of the shooter-rifle system is developed in order to qualitatively assess the quantities which could not be determined experimentally, i.e. the stress, strain and displacement fields which are generated in the human body due to the rifle recoil. Several conclusions are drawn that allow for better understanding of the recoil phenomenon and can be useful from the weapon designer’s point of view.

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26

Radovanović, Marko, Aleksandar Milić, and Aleksandar Petrovski. "Analysis of accuracy and precision of shooting with home: Made automatic rifles using the AHP method." Scientific Technical Review 71, no. 1 (2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2101030r.

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The paper presents the selection of the most accurate and precise automatic rifle, as a significant weapon primarily for the realization of combat tasks of the army. The size of the image of the scattering of shots and its distance from the target determine the degree of accuracy and precision of the automatic rifle. These indicators determine the probability of hitting, which affects the efficiency of solving fire tasks with an automatic rifle. The complexity of the problem is due to the different tactical and technical characteristics of automatic rifles and different shooting results. The paper presents and describes the results of shooting automatic rifles of domestic production, as follows: AR 7.62 mm M70 AB2, AR M21 5.56 mm, MAR M17 6.5 mm. Using the AHP method, the calculation of the weight coefficients of the criteria was performed. Using the AHP method, an analysis of the accuracy and precision of automatic rifle shooting was performed and a conclusion was made about the rifle that has the best results depending on the shooting distance. The obtained results enable the definition of proposals for equipping the Serbian Armed Forces units with an adequate automatic rifle.

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27

Hoang The Khanh. "Research on the weapon target assignment problem in the combined air defense missile system for training simulation." Journal of Military Science and Technology, CSCE5 (December 15, 2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.csce5.2021.83-92.

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In modern warfare, when the weapon system and the targets are constantly being improved and upgraded, ensuring the distribution of firepower to optimally destroy the target will help the commander to make quick and accurate decisions, thereby improving combat effectiveness. This paper proposes a method to build a command-control automatic system based on solving the weapon target assignment (WTA) problem in a combination of short and medium-range air defense missile systems so that the total damage of targets is maximum and the damage of protected area is minimum. Based on combinatorial optimization algorithms, the probability of kill, linear programming method using Hungarian algorithm, the paper presents a mathematical model of WTA and its optimal solution for short- and medium-range air defense missile systems serving the training simulation problem, thereby giving the results of evaluating the effectiveness of the algorithm.

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28

Payne, B. Keith. "Prejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81, no. 2 (2001): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.181.

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29

Kaya, Volkan, Servet Tuncer, and Ahmet Baran. "Detection and Classification of Different Weapon Types Using Deep Learning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 7535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167535.

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Today, with the increasing number of criminal activities, automatic control systems are becoming the primary need for security forces. In this study, a new model is proposed to detect seven different weapon types using the deep learning method. This model offers a new approach to weapon classification based on the VGGNet architecture. The model is taught how to recognize assault rifles, bazookas, grenades, hunting rifles, knives, pistols, and revolvers. The proposed model is developed using the Keras library on the TensorFlow base. A new model is used to determine the method required to train, create layers, implement the training process, save training in the computer environment, determine the success rate of the training, and test the trained model. In order to train the model network proposed in this study, a new dataset consisting of seven different weapon types is constructed. Using this dataset, the proposed model is compared with the VGG-16, ResNet-50, and ResNet-101 models to determine which provides the best classification results. As a result of the comparison, the proposed model’s success accuracy of 98.40% is shown to be higher than the VGG-16 model with 89.75% success accuracy, the ResNet-50 model with 93.70% success accuracy, and the ResNet-101 model with 83.33% success accuracy.

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30

Ghanem, M., O. Abdelsalam, S. Guirgis, and M. Aboel Khair. "Solution of Heat Transfer Problem for Thick Walled Automatic Weapon Barrel Subjected to Continuous Firing." Journal of Engineering Science and Military Technologies 17, no. 17 (April 1, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejmtc.2017.21629.

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31

Castillo, Alberto, Siham Tabik, Francisco Pérez, Roberto Olmos, and Francisco Herrera. "Brightness guided preprocessing for automatic cold steel weapon detection in surveillance videos with deep learning." Neurocomputing 330 (February 2019): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2018.10.076.

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32

Ghanem, M., O. Abdelsalam, S. Guirgis, and M. Aboel Khair. "Solution of Heat Transfer Problem for Thick Walled Automatic Weapon Barrel Subjected to Continuous Firing." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 17, AEROSPACE SCIENCES (April 1, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2017.22770.

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33

Park, Kunwoo, Joohyun Lee, Hyunggon Song, Kyu Tae Cho, Yunho Kim, and Moonzoo Kim. "Automatic Test Case Generation through Concolic Testing to Improve SW Quality of Defense Weapon System." Journal of KIISE 46, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/jok.2019.46.9.926.

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34

Vo, Van Bien, Van Phuc Ta, and Martin Macko. "Effect of Some Structural Parameters on Firing Stability of Shooter-Weapon System." Advances in Military Technology 16, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01487.

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Анотація:

This article presents a method to establish the dynamic model of the Shooter-weapon system when firing based on Lagrange’s theorem and the theory of multibody system dynamics, in which the influence of the human body was taken into account. In the dynamic model, the influence of the gunner is solved by using elastic-damping links in the x, y and z axes. The dynamic model is created for a portable gas-operated submachine gun and contains three solids with seven degrees of freedom. The 7.62 mm AKM submachine gun has been used for the model simulation and experimental verification. The dynamic simulation was conducted and then the results were compared with the corresponding experimental data. The model simulation results are very close to the experimental results. This study aims to survey the influence of various parameters on gun stability in the shooting. It is possible to apply these results to portable automatic guns.

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35

Herlambang, Teguh, and Subchan Subchan. "MISSILE POSITION ESTIMATION USING UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 16, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol16iss1pp205-214.

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Missiles are military rocket weapons having an automatic control system to locate its targets or adjust its direction. Indonesia itself, which is a country of archipelago, covers air area of its largest territory, followed by sea area and land area. Logically, the existence of missile defense equipment (the main weapon system) or precisely the type of long-range missile is acceptable to support the defense and security of the Republic of Indonesia, but its consequences to be operated in the territory of Indonesia itself, in case of an occufanct of an error in targeting the target, will fall on of harm to its own national territory. Therefore, trajectory estimation for guided missiles is the basic requirement for guided missiles to be aimed at the precise targets. The trajectory is used as a guide to direct that the missile reach the target by following the given path. To maintain the accuracy of the trajectory continuously, the missile trajectory estimation was made by using Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) Algorithm. This algorithm was used to estimate nonlinear dynamic models The simulation results showed that the UKF method was effective, showing the accuracy of 97% by the UKF method

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36

Le Prell, CG, AC Lindblad, M. Ulfendahl, GE Green, JM Miller, AC Johnson, Å. Skjönsberg, K. Guire, and K. C. M. Campbell. "Increased vitamin plasma levels in Swedish military personnel treated with nutrients prior to automatic weapon training." Noise and Health 13, no. 55 (2011): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.90317.

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37

Gradascevic, Anisa, Ivan Soldatovic, Anes Joguncic, Miroslav Milosevic, and Nermin Sarajlic. "Appearance and characteristics of the gunshot wounds caused by different fire weapons - animal model." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 148, no. 5-6 (2020): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh191212020g.

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Introduction/Objective. Gunshot residue (GSR) on the skin of a victim are important evidence, with far better precision, for reconstructive questions in the forensic investigation of cases involving gunshot wounds. The aim of this experimental study was to analyze if there was any significant difference in macroscopic characteristics of wounds that were caused with different types of weapons from three different distances. Methods. This study was conducted at the Department of Ballistic and Mechanoscopic Expertise, Federal Police Directorate. Experiments were done on pigskin and 55 samples were made. Shooting was conducted using a system for safe firing. Samples of the pigskin were shot by firing projectiles from four different weapons and from three different distances, (contact wound, five centimetres and 10 centimetres). Results. At the contact range, wounds caused by automatic rifle had horizontal, vertical diameters larger than those made by pistols. Diameters on the wounds that were caused with different pistols, were similar. At the range of five centimetres, the narrowest part of contusion ring significantly differs even through pistol wounds. Diameters at the range of 10 centimetres are in favor of these results. Gunpowder residue scattering area was statistically different depending of type of weapon (p = 0.004). Conclusion. Wound diameters and surface area are useful for differentiation between pistol and rifle caused wounds. It is unsecure method for determination of pistol caliber or fire range. GSR have much greater potential for future analyses, but even GSR cannot be used to determine pistol caliber.

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38

Ruys, Tom. "The XM25 Individual Airburst Weapon System: A ‘Game Changer’ for the (Law on the) Battlefield? Revisiting the Legality of Explosive Projectiles under the Law of Armed Conflict." Israel Law Review 45, no. 3 (October 30, 2012): 401–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223712000167.

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In the summer of 2010, the US Army began the field-testing of a new weapon, the XM25 ‘Individual Semi-Automatic Airburst System’, which fires ‘airburst’ anti-personnel rounds that can be programmed to detonate at a certain distance. While the XM25 has been heralded as a ‘game changer’ for modern warfare, the question nonetheless remains to what extent it is compatible with the law of armed conflict (LOAC). Against this background, this article aims to examine the legality of the XM25, in particular having regard to the customary prohibition on certain explosive projectiles and the general prohibition on causing superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering.

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39

F., Khanchel, Lakhoua M.Najeh, Majri H., and Beyaa R. "Information System Development for Pharmaceutics Production Line." Journal of Innovation and Applied Technology 6, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 1076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiat.2020.006.02.10.

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Information has now become the strategic weapon; its duration has become very short. So the system must be reliable and fast, which effectively justifies the importance of the computer tool, we have focused our work on its competitiveness and ensure its perfection in the concept of internal and external competition. The aim of this paper is to a project of an information system development of a production line in a pharmaceutical company after its passage from manual mode to automatic mode. In fact, system analysis technique is used in order to study the project of information system of the existing of the production line is presented.

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40

Sidi, P., R. Y. Adhitya, A. Khumaidi, M. Syaiin, J. Endrasmono, and I. Sutrisno. "Applied optical flow algorithm (OFA) in automatic target tracker system to control weapon movements in the warship." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1450 (February 2020): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1450/1/012082.

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41

Reville, Patrick J. "Supreme Court Guns Down State Firearm Restrictions, The Chicago Way." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 7, no. 3 (April 28, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v7i3.4258.

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It was February 14, 1929. The United States was still experiencing the Roaring Twenties. The stock market had not yet crashed, and Prohibition, that noble experiment, was nearing the end of a tumultuous decade. A group of five apparent law enforcement personnel, some in uniform, some not, paid a visit to a warehouse on the north side of Chicago. Illegal/bootlegged booze trafficking was the ostensible target. When the visit was over, 6 men lay dead, and the apparent lone survivor, rushed to the hospital where he declined to elaborate on the incident, promptly passed away. The departed were part of the George Bugs Moran organization, while the visiting police contingent was actually made up of members of the Al Scarface Capone mob. The event would go down in history as The St. Valentines Day Massacre, and the main method of communication at the warehouse was the Thompson submachine gun. In the aftermath of that notorious gangland rubout, and other instances of outlaw use of machine guns, the automatic weapon was virtually taxed and legislated out of legal existence. Along with the abolishment of legal automatic weapons, restrictions on all types of firearms became a cause and a reality. Yet, in 2008, a group of five black-robed members of a Washington, D.C., organization took aim at the outright restriction on handguns in the District of Columbia. The result was a rubout of the D.C. restrictions.(1) Then, two years later, the same Gang of Five donned their black robes, and, in essence, paid the City of Chicago a visit regarding its ban of firearms. The outcome was a bloodbath that may end up being remembered by Gun Control enthusiasts on the same level as the St. Valentines Day Massacre.(2)

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42

Avlasyonok, A. V., E. G. Alekseev, S. P. Litvinov, and F. L. Savitskii. "Current requirements to multispectral automatic machines of target following for high-precision weapon systems and their possible realizations." Radioelectronics and Communications Systems 51, no. 6 (June 2008): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0735272708060071.

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43

Zhong, Zhou, Yi Jiang, Chong Zhang, and Yong Yuan Li. "Study on Effect of Shipborne Missile Launch Position Based on Fast Fourier Transform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 1653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.1653.

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In allusion to the problem of launching precision, it carried on the research of the effect of shipborne missile launch position based on the spectrum analysis technology. A rigid-flexible coupling integrative model of ship movement and missile launch was built by use of virtual prototype technology. Simulation analyses on a variety of conditions were automatic conducted by launch time parameterized scripting language, and missile muzzle attitude parameters of different launch position were gained. By using of spectrum analysis which is based on FFT, the missile dynamic responsive was analyzed, and the relationship between launch position and accuracy was established. Then the position of the weapon system can be designed according to the specific motion characteristics of ship. The research result is also constructive to the selecting of suitable launch position.

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44

Carter, Richard J., and James F. O'Bryon. "Live Fire Test and Evaluation Ergonomics Projects." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 37 (July 2000): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403733.

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The live fire test and evaluation (LFT&E) program is oriented towards providing a realistic assessment of the survivability and lethality of a military system. A component of every live fire test is an assessment of crew survivability. Three major ergonomics related projects, operational requirements-based casualty assessment (ORCA), combined toxic gas modeling, and gravitational loss of consciousness (G-LOC), are described. ORCA is a comprehensive standardized methodology for assessing personnel casualties following weapon induced injury. The combined toxic gas model is an incapacitation model that incorporates complex physicochemical interactions between gases and tissues and accommodates experimental data across animal species and humans. Two G-LOC related efforts are discussed. The first endeavor is expanding upon the automatic ground collision avoidance system (GCAS). The second project is being conducted via five tasks.

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45

Du Toit, Pieter Gerhardus. "A note on sentencing practices for the offence of the unlawful possession of semi-automatic firearms." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 23 (March 17, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2020/v23i0a6237.

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Violent crimes in South Africa are often accompanied by the possession or use of semi-automatic firearms. The Criminal Law Amendment Act 105 of 1997 (hereinafter, the CLA) provides for the imposition of minimum sentences for certain firearms-related offences. The question whether the minimum sentencing regime actually applies to the offence of the unlawful possession of a semi-automatic firearm lead to a number of conflicting judicial decisions by different High Courts. This note discusses the statutory interpretation challenges the courts had to grapple with regarding the interplay between the CLA and South Africa’s successive pieces of firearms legislation. The Supreme Court of Appeal ultimately found that the offence of the unlawful possession of a semi-automatic firearm must indeed be met with the prescribed minimum sentence. The recent sentencing practices of South African courts in respect of the unlawful possession of semi-automatic firearms within the framework of the CLA are analysed. From the investigation it is evident that courts are more likely to impose the minimum sentence in cases where the accused is also convicted of other serious offences such as murder and robbery. In such cases little attention is given to the firearm-related offences as the courts are more concerned with the cumulative effect of sentences imposed on different counts. In cases where the accused is convicted of the stand-alone offence of the unlawful possession of a semi-automatic firearm, the courts are nevertheless taking an increasingly unsympathetic stance towards offenders and terms of imprisonment in the range of seven to 10 years’ imprisonment is commonly imposed. In addition to the accused’s personal circumstances, one of the most important factors in deciding on an appropriate sentence are the explanation of how the unlawful possession came about. It seems that the judicial sentiment increasingly does not support the view that the possession of an unlicensed firearm should be treated as serious only if the weapon has been used for the commission of a serious crime.

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46

Karpinsky, Nicole D., Shelby K. Long, and James P. Bliss. "The Relationship of The Penny Beliefs Weapons Scale to Robotic Peacekeeper Compliance and Trust." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601759.

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Military personnel have focused their efforts on delegating dangerous duties to robots and other automated devices. Such duties include complex tasks such as peacekeeping. The current study explores the use of robotic peacekeepers across different cultures wielding non-lethal weapons (NLWs) in a virtual environment. We predicted that weapon acceptability would differ as a function of culture, compliance rate, and citizenship (native vs. expatriate). Results showed that participants complied significantly more often when the robotic peacekeeper requested an item that was not a weapon than when the item itself was a weapon. Further, Chinese and Americans reported highest weapons approval. Implications for future research are discussed.

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47

Zhou, Hui, and Haiping Ren. "A novel ranking function-based triangular intuitionistic fuzzy fault tree analysis method." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 2753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-191018.

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In reliability field, the probabilities of basic events are often treated as exact values in conventional fault tree analysis. However, for many practical systems, because the concept of events may be ambiguous, the factors affecting the occurrence of events are complex and changeable, so it is difficult to obtain accurate values of the occurrence probability of events. Fuzzy sets can well deal with these situations. Thus this paper will develop a novel fault tree analysis method in the assumption of the values of probability of basic events expressed with triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. First, a new ranking function of triangular intuitionistic numbers is established, which can reflect the behavior factors of the decision maker. Then a novel fault tree analysis method is put forward on the basis of operational laws and the proposed ranking function of triangular intuitionistic numbers. Finally, an example of weapon system “automatic gun” is employed to show that the proposed fault tree analysis method is feasible and effective.

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48

Qi, Yu Hui, Xiao Yun Zhang, Li Xia Fan, and Cheng Xu. "Study on the Mechanical Property of 20Cr13 Stainless Steel Barrel Processed by Cold Radial Forging." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.119.

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The barrel is a key part of automatic weapon. And the cold radial forging progress is a new technology for manufacturing the barrels. It will introduce some changes of the material, such as increased strength, decreased plasticity and introduction of anisotropic mechanical property. It can affect the service performance, so it is necessary to study the difference of tangential and axial mechanical properties of barrel blank and forged barrel. This paper focuses on the research of 20Cr13 stainless steel barrel. The mechanical properties of barrel blank and forged barrel are measured by the tensile, compression and bulging test. And the hardness is measured by Vickers hardness tester. The structural change of 20Cr13 stainless steel also has been observed by metalloscope in the metallographic experiment. It reveals the influence of the cold radial forging progress on the mechanical properties of 20Cr13 stainless steel barrel. And it also provides the reference data of the cold radial forging progress of 20Cr13 stainless steel.

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49

Setiawan, Arif, Dedy Pradigdo, and Farid Hendro Wibowo. "The GRINDER CONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF A BALL MILL MACHINE FOR THE PROCESS OF HOMOGENIZING BLACK POWDER USING AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM." Jurnal Otoranpur 2, Oktober (October 27, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54317/oto.v2ioktober.187.

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Combat technology in the military world has undergone a very rapid development in both close combat and long-range combat. Long-range combat is identical to a rocket weapon where the rocket works because of the presence of an igniter that serves to burn the propellant so that when the propellant burns it will produce pressure that will push the rocket hurtling towards a predetermined target. Igniter is very important in the launch of rockets where the filling of the igniter is black powder that has been difficult to obtain because of the difficult manufacturing process and risk of explosion. This research aims to design a tool that can produce black powder with a large enough capacity and good quality and reduce the risk of explosions to support the manufacture of igniters for rocket launches, especially those owned by Indonesian Army. This research used pure experimental quantitative method with empirical calculations to obtain tools with the desired specifications. The results obtained after the calculation are the volume of octagonal prism tubes 2942.5 cm3, the total volume of steel balls with two size variations is 979.5 cm3, the maximum lendutan that occurs on the shaft of the player is 0.108 mm, so it is said to be safe.

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50

Ray, James C., Byron J. Armstrong, and Thomas R. Slawson. "Airblast Environment Beneath a Bridge Overpass." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1827, no. 1 (January 2003): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1827-08.

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As engineers move into the somewhat new field of assessing vulnerability to terrorist threats, they need to understand the tools available to them and the associated limitations. To facilitate this understanding, an overview of the basic categories of prediction methods for airblast loadings from bomb detonations is presented. The complex problem of bomb detonation beneath an overpass bridge—an area that is semi-enclosed and where numerous reflecting surfaces exist—is used to aid the discussion and to highlight the importance of using the appropriate prediction methods and tools to address problems. Results from three prediction methods are compared. The high-fidelity Second-Order Hydrodynamic Automatic Mesh Refinement Code appears to be superior to the Conventional Weapon Effects Predictions and BlastX codes in terms of accuracy for use in complex environments such as that beneath a bridge, but the complexity, cost, and time required for use of this method make it prohibitive in most cases. The use of more economical and less accurate methods may suffice as long as their limitations are understood and appropriately accounted for in the analytical process.

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