Статті в журналах: "Automated computer-aided synthesis"

1

Petrov, Dmitriy Nikiforovich, and Tamara Balabekovna Chistyakova. "SYSTEM OF AUTOMATED DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING OF SYNTHESIS SITES OF CARBON NANOCLUSTER STRUCTURES." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2021, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2021-3-16-27.

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The article focuses on using the integrated multi-component computer-aided design and control systems, which changes the product life cycle processes in the high-tech complex chemical and technological systems. In the integrated design of production facilities, special attention is paid to safety, productivity, reliability, ergonomics of the production line and the material and technical environment. The most effective in project management are flexible life cycle models that connect diverse specialists in a single information environment. The relevance of the task of developing and implementing problem-oriented heterogeneous computer-aided design and digital prototyping systems is justified. There is described a method for improving the efficiency of designing production facilities while minimizing the time required preparing a design solution, and the risks of design errors caused by the communication dissonance of diverse specialists. The architecture of the computer-aided design and digital prototyping system with a description of its basic components is presented. The creation of a digital model of the design object is described on the example of the reactor site and the material and technical base of the process of synthesis of carbon nanocluster structures that are in high demand in various industries. The conducted tests and the introduction of the resulting applied software solution into the educational process proved its efficiency in solving problems of integrated computer-aided design and digital modeling not only of objects of the carbon nanoindustry, but also for other industries with a similar material and technical base.

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2

Unruh, V., and P. Krishnaswami. "A Computer-Aided Design Technique for Semi-Automated Infinite Point Coupler Curve Synthesis of Four-Bar Linkages." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826099.

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At the present time, there are no satisfactory computer-aided solution schemes for solving the infinite point coupler curve synthesis problem (i.e., the problem of synthesizing a four-bar linkage whose coupler curve best approximates a fully specified closed trajectory). In order to develop a programmable solution process for this class of problems, it is necessary to devise a way of storing a catalog of coupler curves in a computer database. In addition, comparison procedures must be developed for detecting geometric similarities between curves; these procedures must be capable of observing similarities in the shapes of curves which may be scaled or oriented differently. In this paper, a data representation scheme based on uniform periodic B-splines is proposed as a viable means of storing coupler curves in a database. Automated procedures for fitting B-splines to coupler cures or other closed curves are also developed. The paper also presents a set of algorithms for comparing the shapes of curves based on the control polygons of their B-spline approximations. These algorithms are implemented in a computer program that is an effective tool for semi-automated computer-aided solution of the infinite point coupler curve synthesis problem. Example problems solved using this program are discussed, along with some suggestions for further work on this topic.

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3

Alankus, Gazihan, A. Alphan Bayazit, and O. Burchan Bayazit. "Automated motion synthesis for dancing characters." Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 16, no. 3-4 (2005): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cav.99.

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4

Zhigang Deng, J. P. Lewis, and U. Neumann. "Automated Eye Motion Using Texture Synthesis." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 25, no. 2 (March 2005): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2005.35.

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5

Osman, A., Y. Kutay, I. Mozgova, and R. Lachmayer. "Procedure to Create an Automated Design Environment for Functional Assemblies." Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (May 2022): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.57.

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AbstractManually exploring the solution space for different variants of a product for a given set of requirements is ineffective regarding product development time and adaptation to dynamic customer requirements. Variant generation coupled to optimization algorithms offers possibilities to search the solution space in an automated way. This paper provides a framework to build a generative parametric design environment for functional assemblies by implementing analysis as well as synthesis methods in computer-aided tools. The procedure is presented using the example of a coffee machine.

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6

Lustig, Daniel, Andrew Wright, Alexandros Papakonstantinou, and Olivier Giroux. "Automated Synthesis of Comprehensive Memory Model Litmus Test Suites." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 52, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093336.3037723.

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7

Rjazancev, A. N. "The structural models automated synthesis for choice logical problems solution in computer-aided processes planning systems." Вестник Белорусско-Российского университета, no. 2 (2011): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53078/20778481_2011_2_87.

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8

Verteshev, Sergei, and Vladimir Konevtsov. "DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL IN A COMPLEX OF SOFTWARE DESIGN OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 15, 2017): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol3.2534.

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This article provides the functionality of creating direct digital control devices in the computer-aided design of digital automatic control systems (CAD of digital ACS), in a complex of software design of digital control systems (SDSDC complex) for automated process control systems. Technical tools are defined by the international standard IEC 61131-1: 2003 (Part 1: General data). The possibility of implementing SDSDC complex in direct digital control, single-cycle and multi-cycle ladder diagrams, identification of objects of management and synthesis of digital controllers in comparison with the international standard IEC 61131-3: 2003 (Part 3: Programming Languages) are evaluated. Users’ productivity is estimated as well as the possibility of its separation between the users at different stages of the design of digital systems of automatic control is assessed.

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9

Verteshev, Sergei, and Vladimir Konevtsov. "DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL IN A COMPLEX OF SOFTWARE DESIGN OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 15, 2017): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol3.2536.

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Анотація:

This article provides the functionality of creating direct digital control devices in the computer-aided design of digital automatic control systems (CAD of digital ACS), in a complex of software design of digital control systems (SDSDC complex) for automated process control systems. Technical tools are defined by the international standard IEC 61131-1: 2003 (Part 1: General data). The possibility of implementing SDSDC complex in direct digital control, single-cycle and multi-cycle ladder diagrams, identification of objects of management and synthesis of digital controllers in comparison with the international standard IEC 61131-3: 2003 (Part 3: Programming Languages) are evaluated. Users’ productivity is estimated as well as the possibility of its separation between the users at different stages of the design of digital systems of automatic control is assessed.

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10

Dhingra, A. K., and N. K. Mani. "Finitely and Multiply Separated Synthesis of Link and Geared Mechanisms Using Symbolic Computing." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919226.

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A computer amenable symbolic computing approach for the synthesis of six different link and geared mechanisms is presented. Burmester theory, complex number algebra, and loop closure equations are employed to develop governing equations for the mechanism to be synthesized. Closed-form and iterative solution techniques have been developed which permit synthesis of six-link Watt and Stephenson chains for function, path, and motion generation tasks with up to eleven precision points. Closed-form solution techniques have also been developed for the synthesis of geared five-bar, six-bar, and five-link cycloidal crack mechanisms, for synthesis tasks with up to six finitely and multiply separated precision points. The symbolic manipulation language MACSYMA is used to simplify the resulting synthesis equations and obtain closed-form solutions. A design methodology which demonstrates the feasibility and versatility of symbolic computing in computer-aided mechanisms design is outlined. A computer program which incorporates these synthesis procedures is developed. Two examples are presented to illustrate the role of symbolic computing in an automated mechanism design process.

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11

Godefroid, Patrice, and Ankur Taly. "Automated synthesis of symbolic instruction encodings from I/O samples." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 47, no. 6 (August 6, 2012): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2345156.2254116.

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12

Li, Hao, Yu-Ping Wang, Jie Yin, and Gang Tan. "SmartShell: Automated Shell Scripts Synthesis from Natural Language." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 02 (February 2019): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019500098.

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Modern shell scripts provide interfaces with rich functionality for system administration. However, it is not easy for end-users to write correct shell scripts; misusing commands may cause unpredictable results. In this paper, we present SmartShell, an automated function-based tool for shell script synthesis, which uses natural language descriptions as input. It can help the computer system to “understand” users’ intentions. SmartShell is based on two insights: (1) natural language descriptions for system objects (such as files and processes) and operations can be recognized by natural language processing tools; (2) system-administration tasks are often completed by short shell scripts that can be automatically synthesized from natural language descriptions. SmartShell synthesizes shell scripts in three steps: (1) using natural language processing tools to convert the description of a system-administration task into a syntax tree; (2) using program-synthesis techniques to construct a SmartShell intermediate-language script from the syntax tree; (3) translating the intermediate-language script into a shell script. Experimental results show that SmartShell can successfully synthesize 53.7% of tasks collected from shell-script helping forums.

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13

Chia-Jeng Tseng and D. P. Siewiorek. "Automated Synthesis of Data Paths in Digital Systems." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 5, no. 3 (July 1986): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.1986.1270207.

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14

Hoeltzel, D. A., and Wei-Hua Chieng. "Pattern Matching Synthesis as an Automated Approach to Mechanism Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912592.

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A new knowledge-based approach for the synthesis of mechanisms, referred to as Pattern Matching Synthesis, has been developed based on a combination of committee machine and Hopfield neutral network models of pattern classification and matching applied to coupler curves. Computational tests performed on a dimensionally-parameterized four bar mechanism have yielded 15 distinct coupler curve groups (patterns) from a total of 356 generated coupler curves. This innovative approach represents a first step toward the automation of mapping structure-to-function in mechanism design based on the application of artificial intelligence programing techniques. Demonstrative examples of its application to “real-world” mechanism synthesis problems, including the design and evaluation of a two-stroke pump mechanism and the redesign of a variable-stroke engine mechanism have been included, establishing its viability for creative mechanism synthesis.

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15

Mostow, Jack. "Towards automated development of specialized algorithms for design synthesis: Knowledge compilation as an approach to computer-aided design." Research in Engineering Design 1, no. 3-4 (September 1990): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01581210.

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16

Lee, Huaming, Jon Sims Williams, and James Tannock. "Knowledge-based inspection planning." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 6, no. 3 (August 1992): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400003048.

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Inspection planning is a process of reasoning about inspection activities. As a result, a sequence of inspection actions is formulated, which, when performed, will achieve the desired measurements. In manufacturing, automated inspection technologies, such as Computer-Aided Inspection (CAI) or Co-ordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs), will be facilitated by inspection planning. Inspection planning involves the following four aspects: representation of inspection features; process formalization; modeling of inspection activities; and, finally, plan synthesis. This paper discusses an approach to knowledge-based inspection planning. Accordingly, a prototype inspection planning system has been developed, which is also described in this paper.

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17

Pirron, Marcus, Damien Zufferey, and Phillip Stanley-Marbell. "Automated Controller and Sensor Configuration Synthesis Using Dimensional Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 39, no. 11 (November 2020): 3227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3013044.

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18

Neves, José Luis, and Eby G. Friedman. "Automated Synthesis of Skew-Based Clock Distribution Networks." VLSI Design 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/72951.

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In this paper a top-down methodology is presented for synthesizing clock distribution networks based on application-dependent localized clock skew. The methodology is divided into four phases: 1) determination of an optimal clock skew schedule for improving circuit performance and reliability; 2) design of the topology of the clock tree based on the circuit hierarchy and minimum clock path delays; 3) design of circuit structures to implement the delay values associated with the branches of the clock tree; and 4) design of the geometric layout of the clock distribution network. Algorithms to determine an optimal clock skew schedule, the optimal clock delay to each register, the network topology, and the buffer circuit dimensions are presented.The clock distribution network is implemented at the circuit level in CMOS technology and a design strategy based on this technology is presented to implement the individual branch delays. The minimum number of inverters required to implement the branch delays is determined, while preserving the polarity of the clock signal. The clock lines are transformed from distributed resistive-capacitive interconnect lines into purely capacitive interconnect lines by partitioning the RC interconnect lines with inverting repeaters. The inverters are specified by the geometric size of the transistors, the slope of the ramp shaped input/output waveform, and the output load capacitance. The branch delay model integrates an inverter delay model with an interconnect delay model. Maximum errors of less than 2.5% for the delay of the clock paths and 4% for the clock skew between any two registers belonging to the same global data path are obtained as compared with SPICE Level-3.

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19

Byalik, Antuan, Sanchit Chadha, and Eli Tilevich. "Native-2-native: automated cross-platform code synthesis from web-based programming resources." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 51, no. 3 (May 11, 2016): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2936314.2814210.

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20

Chen, Yong, Peien Feng, Bin He, Zhonquin Lin, and Youbai Xie. "Automated Conceptual Design of Mechanisms Using Improved Morphological Matrix." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 3 (July 21, 2005): 516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2180807.

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Conceptual design of mechanisms has attracted a number of research efforts in recent years due to its significance in product development. However, existing approaches for automated conceptual design of mechanisms are either prone to a loss of optimal solutions or inextensible to achieve conceptual design of complex mechanisms. This paper is devoted to developing a comprehensive and extensible methodology for automated conceptual design of mechanisms utilizing a design prototype synthesis methodology. To support automated mechanism synthesis effectively, the traditional morphological matrix is improved as a motional function matrix (MFM). In addition, a mechanism prototype knowledge base is developed to provide systematic knowledge support for conceptual design decision-making. Based on the integrated MFM, an exhaustive mechanism synthesis algorithm is developed to yield as many solutions as possible to desired functions to facilitate the discovery of novel and optimal combinatorial solutions. To curb the possible combinatorial explosion from the exhaustive search, a performance constraint verification approach is proposed to help designers filter out combinatorial solutions violating performance constraints, followed by a satisfaction degree-based approach for evaluating the total performances of combinatorial solutions according to the performances of their subsolutions. An automated mechanism conceptual design prototype system is developed and a design case is presented to illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed methodology.

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Liu, Yi, and John McPhee. "Automated Type Synthesis of Planar Mechanisms Using Numeric Optimization With Genetic Algorithms." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 5 (November 5, 2004): 910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1904049.

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This paper presents a novel method for the automated type synthesis of planar mechanisms and multibody systems. The method explicitly includes topology as a design variable in an optimization framework based on a genetic algorithm (GA). Each binary string genome of the GA represents the concatenation of the upper-right triangular portion of the link adjacency matrix of a mechanism. Different topologies can be explored by the GA by applying genetic operators to the genomes. The evolutionary process is not dependent on the results obtained from enumeration. Two examples of topology-based optimization show the applicability of this method to mechanism type synthesis problems. This method is distinct from others in the literature in that it represents the first fully automated algorithm for solving a general type synthesis problem with the help of a numeric optimizer.

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22

Morse, David V., and Chris Hendrickson. "A communication model to aid knowledge-based design systems." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 4, no. 2 (May 1990): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400002298.

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Recent research in the area of computer-aided engineering design has focused on the development of environments that provide effective integration of several domain specialties for complex multidisciplinary synthesis problems. The definition of communication requirements for co-operative interaction—and the subsequent establishment of a conceptual model for automating the process—are important considerations in the development of such environments. A communication model can also provide the basis for development of a knowledge engineering strategy by defining the organizational and representational requirements for domain knowledge in the automated system. This paper presents a conceptual model for communication in automated interactive design and demonstrates how the model can be employed as a knowledge engineering tool to facilitate the acquisition and organization of domain expertise. Both the process architecture and semantic modeling aspects of the communication problem are considered. An example is included which illustrates the use of the model in formulating an automated integrated engineering system in the domain of floor and equipment layout and design for industrial facilities.

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23

Oelmann, Bengt, Kalle Tammemäe, Margus Kruus, and Mattias O'Nils. "Automatic FSM Synthesis for Low-power Mixed Synchronous/Asynchronous Implementation." VLSI Design 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/27496.

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Power consumption in a synchronous FSM (Finite-State Machine) can be reduced by partitioning it into a number of coupled sub-FSMs where only the part that is involved in a state transition is clocked. Automatic synthesis of a partitioned FSM includes a partitioning algorithm and sub-FSM synthesis to an implementation architecture. In this paper, we first introduce an implementation architecture for partitioned FSMs that uses gated-clock technique for disabling idle parts of the circuits and asynchronous controllers for communication between the sub-FSMs. We then describe a new transformation procedure for the sub-FSM. The FSM synthesis flow has been automated in a prototype tool that accepts an FSM specification. The tool generates synthesizable RT-level VHDL code with identical cycle-to-cycle input/output behavior in accordance with the specification. An average power reduction of 45% has been obtained for a set standard FSM benchmarks.

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24

Hansen, M. R. "An automated procedure for dimensional synthesis of mechanisms." Structural Optimization 5, no. 3 (September 1993): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01743350.

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25

Kheifetz, Mikhail L. "Design of mechatronic engineering systems in digitalized traditional and additive manufacturing." Image Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/jamt.2021.01.pp.018-029.

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The paper presents the analysis of the steps and stages of designing process equipment for traditional manufacturing. The features of building process equipment using energy flows and consumables are studied. Structural synthesis of mechatronic systems in digitalized manufacturing make it possible to add new stages to the process of creating process equipment for both traditional automated subtractive and new additive manufacturing. The processes of manufacturing parts without forming equipment described by the algorithms according to the proposed structural diagram of connections provide an opportunity to analyze the existing equipment and develop new equipment for laminate synthesis of products. The paper illustrates the use of methods and procedures for laminate synthesis and fabrication of parts from composite materials using process equipment based on the application of energy flows and material components for new additive and traditional subtractive manufacturing. Also, methods and diagrams for automation and computer-aided process control over product manufacturing are shown.

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26

Chatha, Karam S., Krishnan Srinivasan, and Goran Konjevod. "Automated Techniques for Synthesis of Application-Specific Network-on-Chip Architectures." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 27, no. 8 (August 2008): 1425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2008.925775.

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27

Wolfe, G., and R. Vemuri. "Extraction and use of neural network models in automated synthesis of operational amplifiers." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 22, no. 2 (February 2003): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2002.806600.

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28

Passos, Fabio, Elisenda Roca, Javier Sieiro, Rafaella Fiorelli, Rafael Castro-Lopez, Jose Maria Lopez-Villegas, and Francisco V. Fernandez. "A Multilevel Bottom-Up Optimization Methodology for the Automated Synthesis of RF Systems." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 39, no. 3 (March 2020): 560–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2890528.

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29

Cagan, Jonathan, Matthew I. Campbell, Susan Finger, and Tetsuo Tomiyama. "A Framework for Computational Design Synthesis: Model and Applications." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013289.

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The field of computational design synthesis has been an active area of research for almost half a century. Research advances in this field have increased the sophistication and complexity of the designs that can be synthesized, and advances in the speed and power of computers have increased the efficiency with which those designs can be generated. Some of the results of this research have begun to be used in industrial practice, yet many open issues and research challenges remain. This paper provides a model of the automated synthesis process as a context to discuss research in the area. The varied works of the authors are discussed as representative of the breadth of methods and results that exist under the field of computational design synthesis. Furthermore, some guidelines are presented to help researchers and designers find approaches to solving their particular design problems using computational design synthesis.

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30

Piegl, L. A. "Special issue on automated synthesis of human-competitive designs by means of genetic programming." Computer-Aided Design 36, no. 12 (October 2004): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2004.05.003.

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Wang, Zi, and Benjamin Carrion Schafer. "Learning from the Past: Efficient High-level Synthesis Design Space Exploration for FPGAs." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 27, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3495531.

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The quest to democratize the use of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) has given High-Level Synthesis (HLS) the final push to be widely accepted with FPGA vendors strongly supporting this VLSI design methodology to expand the FPGA user base. HLS takes as input an untimed behavioral description and generates efficient RTL (Verilog or VHDL). One major advantage of HLS is that it allows us to generate a variety of different micro-architectures from the same behavioral description by simply specifying different combination of synthesis options. In particular, commercial HLS tools make extensive use of synthesize directives in the form pragmas. This strength is also a weakness as it forces HLS users to fully understand how these synthesis options work and how they interact to efficiently set them to get a hardware implementation with the desired characteristics. Luckily, this process can be automated. Unfortunately, the search space grows supra-linearly with the number of synthesis options. To address this, this work proposes an automatic synthesis option tuner dedicated for FPGAs. We have explored a larger number of behavioral descriptions targeting ASICs and FPGAs and found out that due to the internal structure of the FPGA a large number of synthesis options combinations never lead to a Pareto-optimal design and, hence, the search space can be drastically reduced. Moreover, we make use of large database of DSE results that we have generated since we started working in this field to further accelerate the exploration process. For this, we use a technique based on perceptual hashing that allows our proposed explorer to recognize similar program structures in the new description to be explored and match them with structures in our database. This allows us to directly retrieve the pragma settings that lead to Pareto-optimal configurations. Experimental results show that the search space can be accelerated substantially while leading to finding most of the Pareto-optimal designs.

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32

Chen, Chien-In Henry, and Gerald Sobelman. "Cluster Partitioning Techniques for Data Path Synthesis." VLSI Design 1, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/58689.

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Анотація:

New, efficient algorithms for the automated synthesis of buses in data path design are presented. Modifications to the technique of Generalized Clique Partitioning (GCP) are discussed which lead to better designs and reduced computation time in large synthesis problems. The new approach, Weighted Cluster Partitioning (WCP), eliminates the need for backtracking. The algorithm guides the process of bus formation by assigning a higher weight to those interconnection units that should be combined first. The operation of the WCP algorithm is clearly demonstrated using a detailed example.A modified priority ordering in the selection of the candidate pair is also discussed which can improve the performance of GCP and WCP. We demonstrate that GCP II performs better than GCP, while WCP II consistently produces the best results of all these algorithms on a set of large synthesis examples.

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33

ZUALKERNAN, I. A., W. T. TSAI, A. JEMIE, I. C. WEN, and J. M. DRAKE. "OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AS DESIGN: A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 02, no. 04 (December 1992): 489–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194092000233.

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Object-oriented analysis is the activity of understanding a problem domain and developing a specification for it within an object-oriented paradigm. In this paper we propose object-oriented analysis can be viewed as a design task that consists of analysis, synthesis and internal and external completeness and consistency checking. We postulate a blackboard based design framework and propose several alternative theories within this framework. Data from an expert analyst is collected and analyzed for relative explanatory power of the alternative theories. Basic findings are that viewed as a design activity, object-oriented analysis is neither top-down nor completely opportunistic in nature, Rather, (1) analysis (the process of finding objects and processes) and synthesis (constructing the object model and state-transition diagrams) are complementary activities while internal completeness and consistency checking is coupled with synthesis and (2) construction of objects and processes are cyclic and complementary processes. The findings are compared with both descriptive and normative research in automated software design.

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34

Teslyuk, V. M., P. Yu Denysyuk, and T. V. Teslyuk. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CAPACITIVE ACCELEROMETERS MODELS BASED ON THE VHDL-AMS LANGUAGE FOR THE CIRCUIT LEVEL OF COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN." Ukrainian Journal of Information Technology 2, no. 1 (2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujit2020.02.015.

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In the article, the basic VHDL-AMS models of MEMS-based capacitive accelerometers were developed. The models were designed for two basic types of capacitive accelerometers, namely lamellar and counter-pivotal. The developed models allow us to determine the source of electrical capacitive accelerometers depending on the incoming mechanical and structural parameters and were constructed for MEMS CAD at the circuit level. The circuit level of MEMS development requires an analysis of the total integrated device electric circuits. For this purpose, all the MEMS components should be written in the specific software systems, which would be understandable for the software system. Taking into account that MEMS devices operate on different physical principles, certain difficulties may arise during the electrical analysis, that is, the work of mechanical or other devices need to be described with the help of electric parameters. In the general case, the method for building the VHDL-AMS model of the MEMS-based capacitive accelerometer is needed construction of the simplified mechanical model, and then a simplified electrical model. On the basis of the simplified models, the VHDL-AMS model of electromechanical MEMS devices has been developed. In the article, the method of automated synthesis and mathematical models using the VHDL-AMS language, which is based on the method of electrical analogies were described. They use systems of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations to determine the relationships between input and output parameters. The sequence and quantity of used differential equations are determined by the physical principles of operation of the MEMS element and the number of energy transformations, which allows increasing the level of automation of synthesis operations compared to existing methods. The results of the basic lamellar and counter-pivotal capacitive accelerometers are also shown. This enables to conduct research and analysis of its parameters and investigate the output electric parameters dependence on the input mechanical ones.

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35

Kota, S. "Automatic Selection of Mechanism Designs from a Three-Dimensional Design Map." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2926561.

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Often a simple (four-bar linkage) mechanism to trace a desired path is sought. Dimensions of linkages to trace a specified coupler curve exactly are difficult to determine. Precision point techniques do not guarantee that the desired path will be generated. The methodology presented in this paper is based on indirect synthesis approach to select four-bar linkages that trace a given desired path. A practical, computer-aided three-dimensional design chart for the selection of four-bar linkage candidate designs that trace symmetrical paths is presented. It is based on hypothesis that any arbitrary path can be approximated by a symmetrical path at least for the purpose of choosing an initial design. Four-bar linkages that generate symmetrical paths are easier to design and exhibit a definite pattern of changes in their shape as the linkage parameters are varied. General design categories and the corresponding solution subspaces in the 3-D design map are identified to aid in the selection of candidate designs. The automation of the design-selection process requires a satisfactory means to quantitatively compare the “desired” and the “known” coupler curves. This paper addresses the issues involved in quantitative comparison of two arbitrary curves using parameterization and shape evaluation. A design example of automated selection of mechanism designs is also presented.

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36

Hamacher, K., G. Blessing, and B. Nebeling. "Computer-aided synthesis (CAS) of no-carrier-added 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose: an efficient automated system for the aminopolyether-supported nucleophilic fluorination." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 41, no. 1 (January 1990): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(90)90129-5.

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37

Ogurtsov, Stanislav, Diego Caratelli, and Zhe Song. "A Review of Synthesis Techniques for Phased Antenna Arrays in Wireless Communications and Remote Sensing." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (September 27, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514972.

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Electronically controlled antenna arrays, such as reconfigurable and phased antenna arrays, are essential elements of high-frequency 5G communication hardware. These antenna arrays are aimed at delivering specified communication scenarios and channel characteristics in the mm-wave parts of the 5G spectrum. At the same time, several challenges are associated with the development of such antenna structures, and these challenges mainly originate from their intended mass production, contemporary manufacturing technologies, integration with active RF chains, compact size, dense circuitry, and limitations in postmanufacturing tuning. Consequently, 5G antenna array designers are presented with contradictory design requirements and constraints. Furthermore, these designers need to handle large numbers of designable parameters of the antenna array models, which can be computationally expensive, especially for repetitive and adaptive simulations that are required in design optimization and tuning. Antenna array synthesis, namely, the process of finding positions, orientation, and excitation of the array radiators, is a challenging yet crucial part of antenna array development. This process ensures that the performance requirements of the antenna array are met. Therefore, there is a need for reliable yet fast automated computer-aided design (CAD) and synthesis tools that can support the development of 5G antenna array solutions, from the initial prototyping stage to the final manufacturing tolerance analysis. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in antenna array synthesis from the viewpoint of their applicability to the design of electronically reconfigurable and phased antenna arrays for wireless communications and remote sensing.

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38

Sohrabizadeh, Atefeh, Cody Hao Yu, Min Gao, and Jason Cong. "AutoDSE: Enabling Software Programmers to Design Efficient FPGA Accelerators." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 27, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3494534.

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Adopting FPGA as an accelerator in datacenters is becoming mainstream for customized computing, but the fact that FPGAs are hard to program creates a steep learning curve for software programmers. Even with the help of high-level synthesis (HLS) , accelerator designers still have to manually perform code reconstruction and cumbersome parameter tuning to achieve optimal performance. While many learning models have been leveraged by existing work to automate the design of efficient accelerators, the unpredictability of modern HLS tools becomes a major obstacle for them to maintain high accuracy. To address this problem, we propose an automated DSE framework— AutoDSE —that leverages a bottleneck-guided coordinate optimizer to systematically find a better design point. AutoDSE detects the bottleneck of the design in each step and focuses on high-impact parameters to overcome it. The experimental results show that AutoDSE is able to identify the design point that achieves, on the geometric mean, 19.9× speedup over one CPU core for MachSuite and Rodinia benchmarks. Compared to the manually optimized HLS vision kernels in Xilinx Vitis libraries, AutoDSE can reduce their optimization pragmas by 26.38× while achieving similar performance. With less than one optimization pragma per design on average, we are making progress towards democratizing customizable computing by enabling software programmers to design efficient FPGA accelerators.

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39

Vasilkin, Andrey. "The use of methods of structural optimization at the stage of designing high-rise buildings with steel construction." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 03078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183303078.

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The more designing solutions at the search stage for design for high-rise buildings can be synthesized by the engineer, the more likely that the final adopted version will be the most efficient and economical. However, in modern market conditions, taking into account the complexity and responsibility of high-rise buildings the designer does not have the necessary time to develop, analyze and compare any significant number of options. To solve this problem, it is expedient to use the high potential of computer-aided designing. To implement automated search for design solutions, it is proposed to develop the computing facilities, the application of which will significantly increase the productivity of the designer and reduce the complexity of designing. Methods of structural and parametric optimization have been adopted as the basis of the computing facilities. Their efficiency in the synthesis of design solutions is shown, also the schemes, that illustrate and explain the introduction of structural optimization in the traditional design of steel frames, are constructed. To solve the problem of synthesis and comparison of design solutions for steel frames, it is proposed to develop the computing facilities that significantly reduces the complexity of search designing and based on the use of methods of structural and parametric optimization.

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40

Tang, C. S., and Tyng Liu. "The Degree Code—A New Mechanism Identifier." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919236.

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An important step in the structural synthesis of mechanisms requires the identification of isomorphism between the graphs which represents the mechanism topology. Previously used methods for identifying graph isomorphism either yield incorrect results for some cases or their algorithms are computationally inefficient for this application. This paper describes a new isomorphism identification method which is well suited for the automated structural synthesis of mechanisms. This method uses a new and compact mathematical representation for a graph, called the Degree Code, to identify graph isomorphism. Isomorphic graphs have identical Degree Codes; nonisomorphic graphs have distinct Degree Codes. Therefore, by examining the Degree Codes of the graphs, graph isomorphism is easily and correctly identified. This Degree Code algorithm is simpler and more efficient than other methods for identifying isomorphism correctly. In addition, the Degree Code can serve as an effective nomenclature and storage system for graphs or mechanisms. Although this identification scheme was developed specifically for the structural synthesis of mechanisms, it can be applied to any area where graph isomorphism is a critical issue.

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Roy, Pushpita, and Ansuman Banerjee. "A Framework for Validation of Synthesized MicroElectrode Dot Array Actuations for Digital Microfluidic Biochips." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 26, no. 6 (July 30, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3460437.

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Digital Microfluidics is an emerging technology for automating laboratory procedures in biochemistry. With more and more complex biochemical protocols getting mapped to biochip devices and microfluidics receiving a wide adoption, it is becoming indispensable to develop automated tools and synthesis platforms that can enable a smooth transformation from complex cumbersome benchtop laboratory procedures to biochip execution. Given an informal/semi-formal assay description and a target microfluidic grid architecture on which the assay has to be implemented, a synthesis tool typically translates the high-level assay operations to low-level actuation sequences that can drive the assay realization on the grid. With more and more complex biochemical assay protocols being taken up for synthesis and biochips supporting a wider variety of operations (e.g., MicroElectrode Dot Arrays (MEDAs)), the task of assay synthesis is getting intricately complex. Errors in the synthesized assay descriptions may have undesirable consequences in assay operations, leading to unacceptable outcomes after execution on the biochips. In this work, we focus on the challenge of examining the correctness of synthesized protocol descriptions, before they are taken up for realization on a microfluidic biochip. In particular, we take up a protocol description synthesized for a MEDA biochip and adopt a formal analysis method to derive correctness proofs or a violation thereof, pointing to the exact operation in the erroneous translation. We present experimental results on a few bioassay protocols and show the utility of our framework for verifiable protocol synthesis.

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42

Chiolino, N., A. M. Francis, J. Holmes, and M. Barlow. "Digital Logic Synthesis for 470 Celsius Silicon Carbide Electronics." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2018, HiTEC (May 1, 2018): 000064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2018-hiten-000064.

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Abstract Advancements in Silicon Carbide (SiC) digital integrated circuit (IC) design have enabled the ability to design complex, dense, digital blocks. Because of the large number of transistors, these complex digital designs make the time and risk of hand-crafted digital design, which has been the norm for SiC, too costly and risky. For large scale integrated digital circuits, computer aided design (CAD) tools are necessary, specifically the use of automatic synthesis, rule-based placement and signal routing software. The tools are used in progression as a design flow and are necessary for the timely and accurate creation of high-density digital designs. Application of an automated digital design flow to high-temperature SiC processes presents new challenges, such as extraction of timing characteristics at high temperatures, specifically above 400°C, as well as managing the complexity of synthesis, optimization of cell placement, verification of timing enclosure, and identifying routing constraints. These activities all require a willingness to extend and enhance the CAD software. Presented is a high temperature SiC digital synthesis flow. This flow is fully integrated with the characterization of a standard cell library that considers the variation of voltage, temperature, and process characteristics. A digital controller for a 10,000-pixel UV focal plan array (FPA) in a SiC CMOS process was designed using this high temperature digital flow. The controller is comprised of a finite state machine (FSM), that monitors several counters, shift registers and combinational logic feedback signals. The FSM is configured to optimize the FPA for different applications and exposures. The Register-Transfer Level (RTL) design of the FSM produces between 900 and 1,000 gates, depending on the temperature-dependent time closure with a total footprint of 14mm2. Typical SiC processes present a non-monotonic clock speed over temperature. The advantage of this digital design flow is that it allows the designer to target a temperature corner for the netlist design but verify its operation over a > 400°C operating range. This flow is currently being enhanced for use with NASA's SiC JFET-R process to create a high temperature communication protocol interface.

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Hull, Patrick V., and Stephen Canfield. "Optimal Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms Using Subdivision and Commercial FEA." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 2 (May 6, 2005): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2159026.

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The field of distributed-compliance mechanisms has seen significant work in developing suitable topology optimization tools for their design. These optimal design tools have grown out of the techniques of structural optimization. This paper will build on the previous work in topology optimization and compliant mechanism design by proposing an alternative design space parametrization through control points and adding another step to the process, that of subdivision. The control points allow a specific design to be represented as a solid model during the optimization process. The process of subdivision creates an additional number of control points that help smooth the surface (for example a C2 continuous surface depending on the method of subdivision chosen) creating a manufacturable design free of some traditional numerical instabilities. Note that these additional control points do not add to the number of design parameters. This alternative parametrization and description as a solid model effectively and completely separates the design variables from the analysis variables during the optimization procedure. The motivation behind this work is to create an automated design tool from task definition to functional prototype created on a CNC or rapid-prototype machine. This paper will describe the proposed compliant mechanism design process and will demonstrate the procedure on several examples common in the literature.

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44

Liu, Tyng, and Chung-Huang Yu. "Identification and Classification of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom and Multi-Loop Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826092.

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This study concerns the degree-of-freedom, the arrangements of input and the type of mobility of multi-loop, multi-degree-of-freedom mechanisms. Firstly, “basic loops” are introduced, and a systematic scheme for identifying the actual degree-of-freedom of mechanisms is developed. The input, then, can be properly deployed, such that the mechanism has a totally constrained motion. Lastly, based on the input deployment, the mobility of mechanisms is classifed and identified into three types: total, partial and fractionated mobility. The procedure has been automated, and the atlas of all possible arrangements of input of up to eight-link planar mechanisms with only revolute joints is presented. The systematic method is helpful for the structural synthesis of multi-degree-of-freedom and multi-loop mechanisms, and for exploring their potential industrial applications.

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KHARCHENKO, A. O., Yu K. NOVOSELOV, and A. A. KHARCHENKO. "DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENCY CRITERION FOR OPTIMIZING THE STRUCTURES OF MACHINE UNITS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology, no. 5 (2021): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-349-5-182-186.

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The article discusses the process of developing an efficiency criterion when solving problems of synthesizing the structures of machine modules. When solving problems of the synthesis of structures at the initial stages, it is recommended to apply the method of morphological analysis based on the use of the morphology of objects and allowing to organize and systematically analyze the space of their changes. Along with the actually possible combi–nations of characteristics, the method gives a large number of incompatible options, an objective assessment of the effectiveness of each of which is difficult. In order to evaluate the preferred module option for automated design, it is necessary to develop an optimality criterion that takes into account the probabilities of trouble–free and commis–sion–free operation of the technological system. A particular objective optimization function is determined, to evaluate the optimality of solutions when choosing from comparable options, an integral higher level criterion is proposed, which explicitly associates the total annual efficiency of equipment operation when meeting the require–ments for product quality with total costs for its creation and operation. Describes the method of selection of technological elements of equipment and the approach to the evaluation of the preferred option module with computer–aided design.

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46

Sjövall, Panu, Ari Lemmetti, Jarno Vanne, Sakari Lahti, and Timo D. Hämäläinen. "High-Level Synthesis Implementation of an Embedded Real-Time HEVC Intra Encoder on FPGA for Media Applications." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 27, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3491215.

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High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the key enabling technology for numerous modern media applications. Overcoming its computational complexity and customizing its rich features for real-time HEVC encoder implementations, calls for automated design methodologies. This article introduces the first complete High-Level Synthesis (HLS) implementation for HEVC intra encoder on FPGA. The C source code of our open-source Kvazaar HEVC encoder is used as a design entry point for HLS that is applied throughout the whole encoder design process, from data-intensive coding tools like intra prediction and discrete transforms to more control-oriented tools such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC). Our prototype is run on Nokia AirFrame Cloud Server equipped with 2.4 GHz dual 14-core Intel Xeon processors and two Intel Arria 10 PCIe FPGA accelerator cards with 40 Gigabit Ethernet. This proof-of-concept system is designed for hardware-accelerated HEVC encoding and it achieves real-time 4K coding speed up to 120 fps. The coding performance can be easily scaled up by adding practically any number of network-connected FPGA cards to the system. These results indicate that our HLS proposal not only boosts development time, but also provides previously unseen design scalability with competitive performance over the existing FPGA and ASIC encoder implementations.

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47

Hetrick, J. A., and S. Kota. "An Energy Formulation for Parametric Size and Shape Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 121, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829448.

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Compliant mechanisms are jointless mechanical devices that take advantage of elastic deformation to achieve a force or motion transformation. An important step toward automated design of compliant mechanisms has been the development of topology optimization techniques. The next logical step is to incorporate size and shape optimization to perform dimensional synthesis of the mechanism while simultaneously considering practical design specifications such as kinematic and stress constraints. An improved objective formulation based on maximizing the energy throughput of a linear static compliant mechanism is developed considering specific force and displacement operational requirements. Parametric finite element beam models are used to perform the size and shape optimization. This technique allows stress constraints to limit the maximum stress in the mechanism. In addition, constraints which restrict the kinematics of the mechanism are successfully applied to the optimization problem. Resulting optimized mechanisms exhibit efficient mechanical transmission and meet kinematic and stress requirements. Several examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization procedure.

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48

Chen, Chien-In Henry. "Partitioning Techniques for Built-In Self-Test Design." VLSI Design 2, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/25656.

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An efficient, unified algorithm, Advanced Two-Phase Cluster Partitioning, is proposed for automated synthesis of pseudo-exhaustive test generator for Built-In Self-Test (BIST) design. A prototype of the algorithm, Two-Phase Cluster Partitioning, has been proposed and the hierarchical design procedure is computationally efficient and produces test generation circuitry with low hardware overhead. However, in certain worst case, the algorithm may generate a sub-optimal design which requires more test patterns and/or hardware overhead. In order to generate a globally optimal design, further improvement of two-phase algorithm can be achieved by expanding the design space for the formation of linear sum so that the number of test signals required for pseudo-exhaustive testing can be reduced. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by presenting detailed comparisons of our results against those that would be obtained by existing techniques.

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Kusyi, Yaroslav, Oleh Lychak, Volodymyr Topilnytskyy, and Miroslav Bošanský. "Development of the finishing and strengthening technological operations using SADT-technologies." Ukrainian journal of mechanical engineering and materials science 5, no. 3-4 (2019): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2019.03-04.057.

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The rational design of technological processes of parts manufacturing in single and small-scale production is inefficient without wide introduction of modern tools of part manufacturing automation with modern computer-based equipment and software. It is desirable to carry out of automated synthesis of single route technological processes with minimal influence of the operator on the technological environment. The technology of computer-aided design of technological processes is used to develop effective algorithms of functioning of adapted systems for control of technological processes and their implementation when taking into account interrelations with the technological environment. Automated development of technological environments of a given level of design concerning a dedicated technical system is possible on the basis of their rational functional models, created by means of CALS-technologies. The rational use of the SADT methodology with application of the principle of decomposition and development of the SADT-diagrams allows to solve the given technical problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop and study the vibrational-centrifugal surface strengthening at the finishing and hardening technological operation to provide the required quality parameters and operational characteristics of the parts. The object of this research is a finishing and hardening technological operation. The subject of this research is method and parameters of vibrational-centrifugal surface strengthening to provide the required quality parameters and operational characteristics of the parts. The development of SADT diagrams allows to divide the technological process to technological operations, cutter–setting positions, technological steps, main machining steps etc. In this paper the principles of control of technological operation for vibration-centrifugal strengthening of surfaces of parts are suggested. The experimental device for machining of inner surfaces of parts is described. The initial and detailed model of the operation of the vibrational-centrifugal strengthening is offered. Statistical and structural analysis of technological process made it possible to establish the influence of the parameters of the vibrational-centrifugal strengthening on the geometric and physical-mechanical parameters of the surface quality and associated operational characteristics. Further research in that field will be related on the development of practical recommendations for using of the vibrational-centrifugal surface treatment for improving of the geometric and physical and mechanical parameters of parts surfaces.

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Azam, Humera, and Humera Tariq. "Skull stripping using traditional and soft-computing approaches for magnetic resonance images : a semi-systematic meta-analysis." Machine Graphics and Vision 29, no. 1/4 (August 3, 2021): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/mgv.2020.29.1.3.

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MRI scanner captures the skull along with the brain and the skull needs to be removed for enhanced reliability and validity of medical diagnostic practices. Skull Stripping from Brain MR Images is significantly a core area in medical applications. It is a complicated task to segment an image for skull stripping manually. It is not only time consuming but expensive as well. An automated skull stripping method with good efficiency and effectiveness is required. Currently, a number of skull stripping methods are used in practice. In this review paper, many soft-computing segmentation techniques have been discussed. The purpose of this research study is to review the existing literature to compare the existing traditional and modern methods used for skull stripping from Brain MR images along with their merits and demerits. The semi-systematic review of existing literature has been carried out using the meta-synthesis approach. Broadly, analyses are bifurcated into traditional and modern, i.e. soft-computing methods proposed, experimented with, or applied in practice for effective skull stripping. Popular databases with desired data of Brain MR Images have also been identified, categorized and discussed. Moreover, CPU and GPU based computer systems and their specifications used by different researchers for skull stripping have also been discussed. In the end, the research gap has been identified along with the proposed lead for future research work.

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