Дисертації: "AUTOMATE TRANSPORT SYSTEM"

1

Le, Doussal Pierre. "Transport dans les systemes desordonnes : lois d'echelle et intermittence, quelques proprietes remarquables des modeles de spin homogenes ou desordonnes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066476.

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Dans la 1ere partie nous etudions les proprietes des fluctuations d'ecahntillon a echantillon et de fluctuations temporelles dans deux exemples de systemes desordonnes:1)nous caracterisons la loi de probabilite de l'exposant de liapounov en localisation unidimensionnelle. 2) nous calculons les lois de diffusion anormale dans certains milieux desordonnes. Nous insistons sur l'analogie avec l'intermittence dans les systemes dynamiques et discutons l'existence de formes d'echelle universelles des lois de probabilite. Enfin, nous etudions un exemple de systeme dynamique, le billard de sinai, ou nous mettons en evidence numeriquement des relaxations en exponentielle etiree. Dans la 2eme partie nous etudions deux sous espaces remarquables des diagrammes de phase de certains modeles de spin, sur lesquellles une simplificaiton se produit-par des mecanismes differents que nous elucidons- et ou plusieurs quantites physiques peuvent etre calculees:1)les "varietes de desordre" des modeles de spin homogenes anisotropes, ou, comme nous le montrons, le modele d'equilibre devient "equivalent" a un modele dynamique en dimension inferieure (automate cellulaire). Nous developpons une nouvelle diagrammatique adaptee a l'etude de ces varietes. 2)la "ligne de nishimori" des verres de spin dont l'existence est une consequence de l'invariance de jauge: nous montrons qu'elle fournit des informations sur les diagramme de phase et permet d'identifier ou de localiser les points multicritiques. La 3eme partie (physique des particules) est consacree a l'etude de quelques proprietes quantiques de certaines extensions du modele standard. En particulier nous trouvons des contraintes assez fortes sur les masses des nouvelles particules predites par la supersymetrie, en calculant les corrections radiatives au rapport des temps de vie du neutron et du muon

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2

Decker, Michael Wilhelm. "Active acceleration compensation for transport of delicate objects." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21258.

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3

Hallé, Simon. "Automated Highway Systems: Platoons of Vehicles Viewed as a Multiagent System." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22729/22729.pdf.

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La conduite collaborative est un domaine lié aux systèmes de transport intelligents, qui utilise les communications pour guider de façon autonome des véhicules coopératifs sur une autoroute automatisée. Depuis les dernières années, différentes architectures de véhicules automatisés ont été proposées, mais la plupart d’entre elles n’ont pas, ou presque pas, attaqué le problème de communication inter véhicules. À l’intérieur de ce mémoire, nous nous attaquons au problème de la conduite collaborative en utilisant un peloton de voitures conduites par des agents logiciels plus ou moins autonomes, interagissant dans un même environnement multi-agents: une autoroute automatisée. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une architecture hiérarchique d’agents conducteurs de voitures, se basant sur trois couches (couche de guidance, couche de management et couche de contrôle du trafic). Cette architecture peut être utilisée pour développer un peloton centralisé, où un agent conducteur de tête coordonne les autres avec des règles strictes, et un peloton décentralisé, où le peloton est vu comme une équipe d’agents conducteurs ayant le même niveau d’autonomie et essayant de maintenir le peloton stable.
Collaborative driving is a growing domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that makes use of communications to autonomously guide cooperative vehicles on an Automated Highway System (AHS). For the past decade, different architectures of automated vehicles have been proposed, but most of them did not or barely addressed the inter-vehicle communication problem. In this thesis, we address the collaborative driving problem by using a platoon of cars driven by more or less autonomous software agents interacting in a Multiagent System (MAS) environment: the automated highway. To achieve this, we propose a hierarchical driving agent architecture based on three layers (guidance layer, management layer and traffic control layer). This architecture can be used to develop centralized platoons, where the driving agent of the head vehicle coordinates other driving agents by applying strict rules, and decentralized platoons, where the platoon is considered as a team of driving agents with a similar degree of autonomy, trying to maintain a stable platoon.
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures

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4

Voge, Tom. "Automated transport systems for sustainable urban mobility." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485515.

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The thesis has as a general aim to analyse if and to what extent automated urban transport systems (AUTS) can provide more sustainable mobility in urban areas. AUTS is defined as a transport system with the following properties. AUTS consist of a fleet of road vehicles with fully automated driving capabilities for passenger transport on a network of roads with on-demand and door-to-door capability. The vehicle fleet is under control of a central management system in order to meet a particular demand in a particular environment. Key Findings are that various related systems and technologies which provide one or more of the functionalities of AUTS have proven to be feasible and to provide some of the benefits anticipated for AUTS. A number of early AUTS applications have already been used or tested since 1997; these systems have proven to be safe and reliable, but various perceived risks so far delayed a wider implementation. Users and stakeholders were able to envisage the potential of AUTS to improve urban mobility, but some concerns remained at this stage over technology being mature enough for systems in mixed traffic. After having used the system, public acceptance increased, as due to the innovative characteristics of AUTS, users who had no direct experience with the system before, developed a different attitude. AUTS vehicle performance parameters including acceleration, deceleration, and jerk are below benchmark values for comparable systems in terms of comfort and safety levels for passengers. AUTS as part of the multi-modal public transport system and with accompanying measures can improve .network efficiency and reduce travel times. The research has shown that there is large potential for AUTS to provide more sustainable mobility in urban areas. But a number of implementation barriers have been identified, which so far have hindered a more widespread and large-scale implementation of AUTS. Future work in this field therefore has to address these issues and to develop means to overcome these barriers in order to realise the potentials of AUTS. Furthermore sensor technologies and robotics algorithms have to be further improved, and new vehicle, infrastructure and operational concepts have to be developed for larger and more advanced systems.

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5

Rashid, Rizwan, and Babur Kaleem. "Evaluating Layouts for Automated Transport System using Simulation Approach." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3394.

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Industries such as trade, manufacturing and transportation have undergone significant changes due to the globalization concept. Sea ports play a very important role in building and strengthening the economies of countries worldwide. Due to the high rate of production, the work load has increased at the ports which resulted into financial as well as capacity problems. As a result of such problems, cost optimized and automated solutions are being developed and introduced at the ports. In the horizontal transport system of the sea ports, AGVs are one of those automated solutions used to transport containers from ships to yard and vice versa. Newer and more practices are being employed to make the efficient transportation of these AGVs. Numexia has recently introduced a new version of Cassette AGVs called Zero-Emission C-AGV. A conceptual model is developed for Zero-Emission C-AGVs and different layouts are evaluated using multi agent-based simulation. The greedy algorithm has been used for the efficient dispatching of jobs. The Simulation will carry out the dispatching of jobs for C-AGVs between quay area and yard using different layouts and scenarios for the unloading operation.

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6

Pilbeam, Ciaron. "Slow-active and passive control of automative suspension system vibrations." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282407.

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7

Engholm, Albin. "Driverless trucks in the Swedish freight transport system : An analysis of future impacts on the transport system and the emerging innovation system." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-294580.

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A large-scale introduction of driverless trucks could start taking place during the next decade. While this could bring several economic benefits for freight transport actors and society, it may also change the freight transport system and exacerbate the negative effects of road transport. This thesis aims to increase the understanding of how an introduction of driverless trucks could materialize and impact the freight transport system in Sweden. Two overarching issues are addressed. The first is how freight transport patterns will change due to the impacts of driverless trucks on road transport supply. This is addressed in Paper 1 and Paper 2. The second issue, which is studied in Paper 3, is what factors are shaping the ongoing development towards an introduction of driverless trucks in Sweden. In Paper 1, the impact of driverless trucks on the costs for long-distance road freight transport is studied through a total cost of ownership analysis which shows that driverless trucks could enable cost reductions of around 30%-40% per ton-kilometer. A key determinant of the cost reduction is to what extent reduced driver costs will be offset by other forms of human labor that may be required for driverless truck operations. Other factors, including changes to the truck acquisition cost, have marginal importance. The cost-saving potential provides a strong motivation for freight transport actors to develop and adopt driverless trucks. In Paper 2, the impacts of driverless trucks on road transport demand, utilization of different truck types, modal split, and total logistics costs are studied by using the Swedish national freight transport model Samgods. Two scenario types are studied, one in which driverless trucks substitute manually driven trucks and one where driverless trucks capable of operating between logistics hubs are introduced as a complement to manually driven trucks. The analysis shows that in both scenarios, driverless trucks could reduce total costs for Swedish freight transport in the range of billions of SEK per year. Road transport demand and truck traffic volumes may increase significantly through modal shifts from rail and sea. This could lead to increased societal costs through, for instance, increased CO2 emissions and congestion which are, however, not quantified in the study. In Paper 3, an analysis of the innovation system of driverless trucks based on an interview study with actors involved in the development and introduction of driverless trucks in Sweden is presented. The findings suggest that there are several favorable factors for a successful introduction of driverless trucks, but also that the innovation system is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty related to what infrastructure will be required and available, what business models will be emerging, and which actors will be able to capitalize on the development and which actors that become marginalized in a future with driverless trucks. The findings from this thesis can be of interest for policymakers since it highlights potential benefits and challenges associated with driverless trucks from a transport-system perspective and the provided indicative quantitative estimates on system-level impacts offer a glimpse into a future freight transport system with driverless trucks. Also, the thesis highlights critical challenges for the innovation system of driverless trucks which could guide efforts to improve its performance.
Ett storskaligt införande av förarlösa lastbilar kan komma att inledas under det kommande årtiondet. Detta skulle kunna medföra flera nyttor för transportköpare, transportbolag och samhället i stort men kan också leda till betydande förändringar av godstransportsystemet och ökade negativa effekter från vägtransporter. Syftet med denna avhandling är att öka förståelsen för hur ett införande av förarlösa lastbilar kan ske samt påverka godstransportsystemet i Sverige. Två övergripande frågeställningar studeras. Den första är hur förarlösa lastbilar påverkar utbudet för lastbilstransporter och därigenom förändrar godstransportsystemet. Detta studeras i Artikel 1 och Artikel 2. Den andra frågeställningen är vilka faktorer som påverkar den pågående utvecklingen mot ett införande av förarlösa lastbilar, vilket studeras i Artikel 3. I Artikel 1 görs en analys av hur förarlösa lastbilar kan påverka kostnaden för långväga lastbilstransporter. Denna visar att förarlösa lastbilar kan minska den totala ägandekostnaden med runt 30-40% per tonkilometer jämfört med konventionella lastbilar. Avgörande för hur stor kostnadsbesparingen blir är i vilken utsträckning minskningar i förarkostnader vägs upp av andra lönekostnader som uppstår vid användning av förarlösa lastbilar. Andra faktorer, inklusive förändringar av inköpspriset på lastbilar, har endast marginell påverkan. Den potentiella kostnadsbesparingen utgör ett tydligt motiv för godstransportaktörer att införa förarlösa lastbilar. I Artikel 2 studeras effekterna av förarlösa lastbilar på efterfrågan på lastbilstransporter, användningen av olika lastbilstyper, fördelningen mellan transportslag, och totala transportkostnader. Analysen görs med den svenska nationella godstransportmodellen Samgods och studerar två scenariotyper. I det första scenariot ersätter förarlösa lastbilar hela flottan av konventionella lastbilar. I det andra scenariot införs förarlösa lastbilar som enbart kan köra mellan logistikterminaler som ett komplement till konventionella lastbilar. Analysen visar att förarlösa lastbilar leder till en betydande ökning av efterfrågan på lastbilstransporter till följd av överflyttningfrån sjöfart och järnväg i båda scenarierna. På nationell systemnivå kan förarlösa lastbilar minska de totala kostnaderna för svenska godstransporter i storleksordningen miljarder kronor per år. Åandra sidan kan den betydande ökningen av lastbilstrafik också medföra ökade samhällsekonomiska kostnader, till exempel genom ökade koldioxidutsläpp och trängsel, vilka dock inte kvantifieras i studien. I Artikel 3 presenteras en analys av innovationssystemet för förarlösa lastbilar som bygger på en intervjustudie med aktörer involverade i utvecklingen och införandet av förarlösa lastbilar i Sverige. Resultaten indikerar att det finns flertalet gynnsamma faktorer för ett framgångsrikt införande, samtidigt som innovationssystemet i flera avseenden karakteriseras av en låg mognadsgrad och stora osäkerheter kopplade till infrastrukturfrågor, vilka affärsmodeller som kommer uppstå samt vilka aktörer som kommer gynnas eller missgynnas av utvecklingen. Resultaten från denna avhandling kan vara av intresse för beslutsfattare då de belyser potentiella nyttor och utmaningar med förarlösa lastbilar från ett transportsystemperspektiv och de indikativa systemeffekter som kvantifieras ger en fingervisning om hur ett framtida godstransportsystem med förarlösa lastbilar kan se ut. Avhandlingen belyser också viktiga utmaningar för innovationssystemet för förarlösa lastbilar vilket kan vägleda eventuella ansträngningar för att förbättra det.

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8

Benkhedda, Hassen. "Design of a transport aircraft automatic flight control system with analytical redundancy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241599.

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9

Featherstone, C. T. "Automatic transport system and vehicle control design for passenger comfort and safety." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416829.

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10

Zaludin, Zairil A. "Flight dynamics and automatic flight control system of an hypersonic transport aircraft." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47120/.

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11

McFadzean, Samuel. "An automated experimental system for the measurement of membrane transport parameters using pulsed and oscillatory sources." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284930.

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12

Porst, Roland. "A new transit system and conceptual models with associated findings to improve urban transport." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.

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13

Eriksson, Charlotte, and Olivia Jansson. "Analysis of Automated Vehicle Location Data from Public Transport Systems to Determine Level of Service." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158176.

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Many cities suffer from problems with high traffic flows in the city centers which leads to a desire to get more people to choose public transport over cars. For many car drivers, the main reason to take the car is the convenience and time efficiency; the price is often of less importance. The public transport providers should, therefore, strive to improve their Level of Service (LOS). A general process that can be used by public transport providers or other stakeholders to evaluate the LOS in a public transport system based on Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) data is developed and presented in this thesis.The process values the quality and suitability of the AVL data, propose which KPIs to use and how to use the results to find possible improvements. Four different types of erroneous data were discovered: outliers in position, outliers in speed, outliers in travel time and general errors. KPIs are developed in three main areas: on-time performance, travel time distribution and speed, where each KPI is divided into several sub-areas.

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Agha, Jafari Wolde Bahareh. "A systematic Mapping study of ADAS and Autonomous Driving." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42754.

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Nowadays, autonomous driving revolution is getting closer to reality. To achieve the Autonomous driving the first step is to develop the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). Driver-assistance systems are one of the fastest-growing segments in automotive electronics since already there are many forms of ADAS available. To investigate state of art of development of ADAS towards Autonomous Driving, we develop Systematic Mapping Study (SMS). SMS methodology is used to collect, classify, and analyze the relevant publications. A classification is introduced based on the developments carried out in ADAS towards Autonomous driving. According to SMS methodology, we identified 894 relevant publications about ADAS and its developmental journey toward Autonomous Driving completed from 2012 to 2016. We classify the area of our research under three classifications: technical classifications, research types and research contributions. The related publications are classified under thirty-three technical classifications. This thesis sheds light on a better understanding of the achievements and shortcomings in this area. By evaluating collected results, we answer our seven research questions. The result specifies that most of the publications belong to the Models and Solution Proposal from the research type and contribution. The least number of the publications belong to the Automated…Autonomous driving from the technical classification which indicated the lack of publications in this area.

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Palmberg, Robin C. O. "Enriching Automated Travel Diaries Using Biometric Information." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Systemanalys och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262880.

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The methods for collecting travel data about travellers today incorporate either fully manual or semi-automatic elements, which makes the methods susceptible to errors. The travellers might respond subjectively rather than objectively or even wholly incorrect, albeit with or without purpose. For certain types of studies, these are still valid methods for collecting data. However, for specific target groups, it might be hard to respond using these methods, either because of physical or psychological limitations. One of these target groups that is increasing rapidly is elderly in general, and dementia patients in particular, who suffer from fluctuating cognitive skills and memory. These conditions affect the recipient’s ability to answer truthfully and correctly. However, in the strive to form more accessible urban environments, the information regarding the need and behaviour of the said target group is crucial, meaning that new methods for collecting travel data need to be created. The three papers included in this licentiate thesis present the development and trial of a new method for fully automated data collection using biometric data as a dimension. The method attempts to determine how the recipient is affected by the elements presented to them while they travel, such as the built environment, based on the variations in the biometric data dimension. With the rapid advancements in information and communication technology, many new artefacts which open for new possible methods of data collection has been launched and are widely available. The methods and artefacts are not capable of meeting the requirements for the type of data collection method that would be needed to cater to the target group by themselves. However, by combing several types of currently available artefacts and methods, it is theoretically possible to cover the gaps of each artefact and method to create versatile methods for data collection (Paper I). Such methods require tools for physical operationalisation. An exploratory development process has led to the creation of a software tool which could be used with several types of consumer hardware, which means that it would theoretically be possible to conduct extensive surveys fast with low costs where participants utilise their own hardware (Paper II). In order to uncover the usefulness of the tool, an analysis was conducted on a limited dataset which had been collected as a result of a trial of the tool. In an attempt to prove the hypothesis “it is possible to understand how much the dimensions of data collected in specific locations affect the stress of travellers using heart rate as the dependent variable”, data-driven methods of data analysis were explored and utilised. Simple clustering methods, which disregarded any weighting on the dimensions, uncovered if there was any valuable information in the dataset at all. A model had to be created in order to understand better how the different dimensions of the collected data affected the participant (Paper III). This set of papers should indicate whether this type of method is feasible to pursue with the current means of widely available technology and what sort of significance the collected data might hold when analysed with appropriate analysis methods.
Metoderna för att samla in resedata från dagens resenärer inkorporerar antingen helt manuella eller halvautomatiska element, vilket gör dessa metoder mottagliga för fel. Resenärerna kan svara subjektivt snarare än objektivet eller helt inkorrekt, antingen med eller utan avsikt. För vissa typer av studier så är dessa metoder fortfarande meningsfulla att använda för datainsamling. Men för särskilda målgrupper kan det vara svårt att svara på undersökningar som använder dessa metoder, antingen på grund av fysiologiska eller psykologiska begränsningar. En av dessa målgrupper, som är stadigt växande, är den äldre befolkningen generellt, men framförallt demenspatienter, som lider av sviktande kognitiva förmågor och minne. Dessa tillstånd påverkar den svarandes förmåga att svara sanningsenligt och korret. Men i strävan efter att skapa mer tillgängliga stadsmiljöer så är informationen angående behovet och beteendet hos den nämnda målgruppen av yttersta vikt, vilket innebär att nya metoder för att samla in resedata behöver skapas. De tre artiklar som har inkluderats i denna avhandling presenterar utvecklingen och försökstestandet av en ny metod för helt automatisk datainsamling med användandet av biometriska data som en dimension. Metoden försöker att avgöra hur den svarande blir påverkad av element de stöter på medan de reser, såsom det byggda samhället, baserat på variationer i den biometriska datadimensionen. Med de snabba framstegen inom informations- och kommunikationsteknik så har nya artefakter som öppnar för nya möjliga metoder av datainsamling lanserats och är allmänt tillgängliga. Dessa metoder och artefakter är inte kapabla till att möta de krav som ställs för den typ av datainsamlingsmetod som krävs för att kunna tillgodose målgruppen på egen hand. Men genom att kombinera flera typer av de nu tillgängliga artefakterna och metoderna så är det teoretiskt möjligt att täcka luckorna som finns i varje artefakt och metod för att skapa en mer mångsidig metod för datainsamling (Artikel I). Sådana metoder kräver verktyg för att fysiskt operationaliseras. En explorativ utvecklingsprocess har lett till skapandet av ett mjukvaruverktyg som skulle kunna användas med flera typer av konsumenttillgänglig hårdvara, vilket betyder att det skulle vara teoretiskt möjligt att genomföra stora undersökningar snabbt med låga kostnader där deltagarna använder sin egen hårdvara (Artikel II). För att förstå användbarheten av verktyget så gjordes en analys på ett begränsat data-set som hade blivit insamlat som ett resultat av ett försökstestande av verktyget. I ett försök att bevisa hypotesen ”det är möjligt att förstå hur mycket dimensionerna av data som samlats in vid specifika platser påverkar stressen hos resenärer med hjälp av puls som den beroende variabeln” så utforskades och användes data-drivna metoder av dataanalys. Enkla metoder, som inte la någon särskild vikt vid någon särskild dimension, användes för att visa om det fanns någon värdefull information i data-setet överhuvudtaget. En modell behövde skapas för att bättre förstå hur de olika dimensionerna av den insamlade datan påverkar deltagaren (Artikel III). Denna samling artiklar är tänkt att ge en indikation på om denna typ av metodik är rimlig att fortsätta utveckla givet de nu tillgängliga teknologierna och vilken sorts signifikans den insamlade datan kan innehålla när den har analyserats med lämpliga analysmetoder.

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16

Bergnéhr, Leo. "Segmentation and Alignment of 3-D Transaxial Myocardial Perfusion Images and Automatic Dopamin Transporter Quantification." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11716.

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Анотація:

Nukleärmedicinska bilder som exempelvis SPECT (Single Photon Emission Tomogra-phy) är en bildgenererande teknik som ofta används i många applikationer vid mätning av fysiologiska egenskaper i den mänskliga kroppen. En vanlig sorts undersökning som använder sig av SPECT är myokardiell perfusion (blodﬂöde i hjärtvävnaden), som ofta används för att undersöka t.ex. en möjlig hjärtinfarkt. För att göra det möjligt för läkare att ställa en kvalitativ diagnos baserad på dessa bilder, måste bilderna först segmenteras och roteras av en biomedicinsk analytiker. Detta utförs på grund av att hjärtat hos olika patienter, eller hos patienter vid olika examinationstillfällen, inte är lokaliserat och roterat på samma sätt, vilket är ett väsentligt antagande av läkaren vid granskning

av bilderna. Eftersom olika biomedicinska analytiker med olika mängd erfarenhet och expertis roterar bilderna olika uppkommer variation av de slutgiltiga bilder, vilket ofta kan vara ett problem vid diagnostisering.

En annan sorts nukleärmedicinsk undersökning är vid kvantiﬁering av dopaminreceptorer i de basala ganglierna i hjärnan. Detta utförs ofta på patienter som visar symptom av Parkinsons sjukdom, eller liknande sjukdomar. För att kunna bestämma graden av sjukdomen används ofta ett utförande för att räkna ut olika kvoter mellan områden runt dopaminreceptorerna. Detta är ett tröttsamt arbete för personen som utför kvantiﬁeringen och trots att de insamlade bilderna är tredimensionella, utförs kvantiﬁeringen allt för ofta endast på en eller ﬂera skivor av bildvolymen. I likhet med myokardiell perfusionsundersökningar är variation mellan kvantiﬁering utförd av olika personer en möjlig felkälla.

I den här rapporten presenteras en ny metod för att automatiskt segmentera hjärtats vänstra kammare i SPECT-bilder. Segmenteringen är baserad på en intensitetsinvariant lokal-fasbaserad lösning, vilket eliminerar svårigheterna med den i myokardiella perfusionsbilder ofta varierande intensiteten. Dessutom används metoden för att uppskatta vinkeln hos hjärtats vänstra kammare. Efter att metoden sedan smått justerats används den som ett förslag på ett nytt sätt att automatiskt kvantiﬁera dopaminreceptorer i de basala ganglierna, vid användning av den radioaktiva lösningen DaTSCAN.

Nuclear medical imaging such as SPECT (Single Photon Emission Tomography) is an imaging modality which is readily used in many applications for measuring physiological properties of the human body. One very common type of examination using SPECT is when measuring myocardial perfusion (blood ﬂow in the heart tissue), which is often used to examine e.g. a possible myocardial infarction (heart attack). In order for doctors to give a qualitative diagnose based on these images, the images must ﬁrst be segmented and rotated by a medical technologist. This is performed due to the fact that the heart of different patients, or for patients at different times of examination, is not situated and rotated equally, which is an essential assumption for the doctor when examining the images. Consequently, as different technologists with different amount of experience and expertise will rotate images differently, variability between operators arises and can often become a problem in the process of diagnosing.

Another type of nuclear medical examination is when quantifying dopamine transporters in the basal ganglia in the brain. This is commonly done for patients showing symptoms of Parkinson’s disease or similar diseases. In order to specify the severity of the disease, a scheme for calculating different fractions between parts of the dopamine transporter area is often used. This is tedious work for the person performing the quantiﬁcation, and despite the acquired three dimensional images, quantiﬁcation is too often performed on one or more slices of the image volume. In resemblance with myocardial perfusion examinations, variability between different operators can also here present a possible source of errors.

In this thesis, a novel method for automatically segmenting the left ventricle of the heart in SPECT-images is presented. The segmentation is based on an intensity-invariant local-phase based approach, thus removing the difﬁculty of the commonly varying intensity in myocardial perfusion images. Additionally, the method is used to estimate the angle of the left ventricle of the heart. Furthermore, the method is slightly adjusted, and a new approach on automatically quantifying dopamine transporters in the basal ganglia using the DaTSCAN radiotracer is proposed.

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17

Robinson, James Beresford. "Lntp : the implementation and performance of a new local area network transport protocol." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26523.

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In the past it has been convenient to adopt existing long haul network (LHN) protocols for use in local area networks (LANs). However, due to the different operating parameters that exist between these two types of networks, it is not possible for a LHN protocol to fully exploit the characteristics of a LAN. Thus, the need arises for a protocol designed specifically for use in a LAN environment. LNTP is one such transport level protocol. It was designed for exclusive use in LANs, and thus does not incorporate those features which are not relevant to a LAN environment. The result of this is a simpler and more efficient protocol. As well, LNTP employs a novel deferred flow control strategy which minimizes the time that a transmitting process will be blocked. This thesis examines the implementation of LNTP in the 4.2 BSD UNIX operating system. Various measurements are taken, and LNTP's performance is compared to that of TCP/IP, a LHN protocol which is often used in LAN environments. Several formulas are developed to determine the optimum values for various LNTP parameters, and these theoretical results are compared to the experimentally observed values. We conclude that LNTP does indeed outperform TCP/IP. However, due to the overhead of the non-LNTP specific protocol layers, this improvement is not as great as it might be. Nonetheless, LNTP proves itself to be a viable replacement for TCP/IP.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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18

Kiba, Téwendé Jean-Etienne Arthur. "Simulation et optimisation du transport automatise dans la fabrication de semi-conducteurs." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0582/document.

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Composants essentiels de tout ordinateur, les semi-conducteurs sont utilisés dans de nombreux secteurs. Les percées technologiques dans ce domaine imposent un rythme vertigineux aux industriels. Tous les deux ans environ, la capacité des puces est doublée et leur prix est divisé par deux. Le diamètre des plaquettes de silicium augmente et, regroupées en lots, les plaquettes sont plus lourdes à transporter. Les systèmes automatiques de transport (AMHS) se présentent comme une excellente alternative. Le prix très élevé des équipements de production fait que l’objectif est de saturer les capacités de production. Pour y parvenir, il est important que le système de transport et de stockage garantisse que les machines n’attendent pas des lots disponibles, et aussi que les lots n’attendent pas une machine disponible.Dans la littérature, la complexité du problème (jusqu’à 700 étapes de fabrication, flux réentrants, etc.) fait que les études de modélisation du transport se font avec de fortes hypothèses sur la production ou inversement. Pourtant, le transport est un service pour la production. Cette thèse propose une approche de modélisation permettant d'intégrer le plus fidèlement possible les contraintes de transport, production et stockage, afin d'améliorer les indicateurs clés de la production. Une analyse détaillée du système a permis de construire un modèle de simulation à événements discrets. Enfin, après une validation industrielle, l'étude complète du modèle a permis d'analyser les paramètres critiques de gestion du transport. Les résultats permettent une meilleure compréhension du système et mettent en exergue d'intéressantes perspectives de recherche
Essential components of all computers, semiconductors are widely used in many sectors. Quick advances in these technologies force a challenging rhythm to manufacturers. Following the Moore’s Law, chip capacity doubles approximately every two years and prices are divided by two. Thus, the increase of the diameter of wafers to 300 mm makes them heavier to transport in lots. Automated Material Handling Systems (AMHS) are an excellent alternative to tackle this problem. Because of the high price of production equipment, the goal is to use production capacity as much as possible while avoiding to keep too much inventory. To reach this goal, it is important that the transportation and storage system ensures that machines do not wait for available lots, and also that lots do not wait for available machines. In the literature, due to the problem complexity (up to 700 steps, re-entrant flows, etc.), the modeling of transportation is made with strong assumptions on the production or vice-versa. However, transport is a service for production. This thesis aims at providing a modeling approach that allows the integration in details transport, production and storage constraints, in order to improve production key indicators. A detailed understanding of the system allows us to build of a discrete event simulation model which is, in our point of view, the best compromise between the necessary level of details and computational times. Finally, through industrial validations, the complete study of the model allows critical parameters of transport management to be analyzed. The results help to get a better understanding of the system and open interesting research perspectives

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19

Marklund, Simon. "The comparison of automatic and manual loading in an underground mining environment." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64900.

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Mine automation has been in development since the 1980s and began to be implemented in the 1990s with the biggest drivers being safety, reduced maintenance and increased productivity. Automation is used in many different mining methods performing a variety of tasks. However, very few studies have been conducted regarding the performance of automatic vehicles in real world mines, neither has much research been done when comparing automated and manual loading. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. First it is to identify and produce metrics that can be used to compare automatic and manual loading in an underground mining environment. A literary study is presented as a basis for these metrics where the development history is chronicled and the mechanics by which an automated system controls an automatic vehicle is explained. Also included is a description of different mining methods and the part that automation plays in them. Secondly, the goal is to use these metrics in a real world case study of automated loading in an actual operational mine. The Garpenberg mine, owned by Boliden Minerals, is an underground metal mine located in Dalarna, Sweden, and mining has been done there since the 1200s. Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) machines are used to load and haul ore ether using automation or tele operation. For this study information is extracted from Bolidens internal databases to calculate the metrics which are then used to analyze the performance and reliability of automated loaders, and also to compare manual and automatic loading. There are mainly three types of metrics that are relevant to automatic and manual loading, these being time related metrics, production related metrics and reliability related metrics. Since the LHDs dealt with in this thesis are operated both manually and automatically the main use of the time related metrics is to find the relationship between modes of operation in regards to engine hours spent in action, the amount and character of downtime that occurred during the analyzed time span, and the utilization of automatic LHDs during the workday. The most straightforward comparison between manual and automatic loading is the production, i.e. the tonnage of loaded material per unit time. In this thesis production will be analyzed per hour and per loading activity (which run between 3 and 4 hours). Lastly automated and manual loading will be compared on the basis of availability and maintenance, the reason being that LHDs are driven in different ways depending on the mode of operation. The results show that automatic loading consists of between 14 and 29% of production time while contributing to between 17 and 28% of downtime. No clear connection can be seen between downtime and the relationship of automatic to manual loading, as the difference is not bigger than 10% either way. Manual loading constitutes between 2500 and 3250 engine hours, while time spent during automatic loading constitutes between 420 and 1095 engine hours. The majority of all downtime is not specific to either mode of operation, although automatic specific stops constitutes up to 50% of total downtime for two of the LHDs studied. The distribution of loading activities is similar for both manual and automatic loading, with the number of concurrent activities dipping during lunch breaks and stopping entirely during shift changes. Manual loading peaks around 1000 concurrent jobs while automatic peaks at just fewer than 200. Regarding production the results show that manual loading is more effective in the short term, as three out of four LHDs has had a higher tonnage loaded per hour. However, when locking at the tonnage loaded per activity, automatic loading catches up to manual loading and produces more tonnage in the long term, with three out of four LHDs getting this higher production. One interesting result can be found in regards to fuel economy, as one of the LHDs show a reduced consumption of fuel while at the same time having had the largest percentage of time spent in automatic mode. No clear connection can be seen with the rest of the LHDs however, as they show no clear connection between time spent in ether mode of operation and the amount of fuel consumed. Automatic loading proved to have slightly higher availability than manual loading. In all cases however, the difference in no more than 10% and both modes of operation is above 90% availability. The higher availability of automatic loading is attributed to the fact that manual loading constitutes much more time than automatic loading, and thus there has been more time for breakdowns and production stops to occur for manual loading. The relationship of preventive and corrective maintenance is the same for all four LHDs irrespective of amount of time spent in ether operating mode. Preventive maintenance jobs accounts for more than 90% of the number maintenance actions for all LHDs. When analyzing what kinds of production stops are the most prevalent, there are differences between manual and automatic loading. For manual loading the most common stops are those that have to do with external circumstances in the mine such as blocked access and fallen boulders, and those to do with minor breakdowns of the LHD. For automatic loading the most common stops are those to do with the automatic system and the equipment used to operate the automated LHD, followed by those caused by external circumstances, similarly to manual loading. Automatic loading has proportionally fewer stops than manual loading in all categories except those unique to automation, which is in turn the biggest category of all production stops. The conclusions that can be drawn from these results are that automatic loading can outperform manual loading in the long term, but that continuous uninterrupted loading activates are important to achieve this. Automatic and manual loading show comparable reliability when it comes to maintenance and repairs (serious breakdowns are very rare). Availability and the relationship of preventive and corrective maintenance are similar between both modes of operation. The analysis of production stops show that the biggest problem with automatic loading is the automatic systems and the specialized equipments inability to handle the underground environment. Problems with recorded routes and falsely tripped safety systems are the most common stops. Recommendations to Boliden Minerals regarding the automatic system consist of improving remote troubleshooting and streamlining of problem solving dealing with automation software and hardware. Steps should also be takes towards tailoring the underground environment to better suit automation. Suggestions to further research consist of deeper studies of all the metrics presented in this thesis to better analyze the role of automation in the global mining industry. Another avenue of study is the combination of the findings in this thesis with the actual environment and layout in the Garpenberg mine to better understand the connection between operating environment and the reliability and productivity of the automatic system.

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20

Gugsa, Gebrehiwot Rihanna. "Traffic Simulation of Automated Shuttles in Linköping University Campus." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178105.

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Automated shuttles are designed to provide a clean transportation and improve access to areas such as where travelers have to walk long distances to/from bus stops. The introduction of automated shuttles in the road network might affect the safety of pedestrians and cyclists as well as traffic performance of motorized vehicles. Several demonstration trials are being conducted to study how automated shuttles operate in real traffic conditions, but they are limited to few vehicles and evaluations of traffic effects at higher penetration rates are not possible. Traffic simulation is a tool that can be used to study effects on traffic performances at different penetration rates of e.g., automated shuttles. However, automated shuttles have not yet been modeled, calibrated, and validated in microscopic traffic simulation tools. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to model, calibrate and validate automated shuttles behavior using the simulation tool SUMO and data collected from the demonstration trial on the area of campus Valla Linköping University, Sweden. The pilot study consists of two automated shuttles, and they operate on a 2.1 km fixed route. The collected data by one of the automated shuttles is analyzed with a focus on the free driving behavior. The analysis shows that the automated shuttle has different maximum operation speeds at different locations and defining one value for the maximum speed when setting up the simulation is not enough. Therefore, virtual speed limits are derived by mimicking the maximum operation speed of the shuttle from the data and used to define segment specific speed limits in the simulation. Additionally, the data is used to calibrate the acceleration and deceleration parameters. The Krauss and the IDM car-following models have been investigated by calibrating the acceleration and deceleration parameters for the free driving situation. The results indicate that both the Krauss and IDM car-following models follows the general trend of the speed and acceleration profiles. The speed profiles produced with the IDM model have smoother profiles at the start and end of acceleration and deceleration phases while in Krauss model the transition of the speed change is more direct and there are in principle no delays for reaction. Although the IDM model performs slightly better for the free driving situation, it can be of interest to consider both models for the calibration of interactions with other roads users since both models are able to capture the general trend of the speed and acceleration profiles.

Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

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21

Merat, Natasha, Tyron Louw, Ruth Madigan, Marc Wilbrink, and Anna Schieben. "What externally presented information do VRUs require when interacting with fully Automated Road Transport Systems in shared space?" Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72265.

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As the desire for deploying automated (“driverless”) vehicles increases, there is a need to understand how they might communicate with other road users in a mixed traffic, urban, setting. In the absence of an active and responsible human controller in the driving seat, who might currently communicate with other road users in uncertain/conflicting situations, in the future, understanding a driverless car’s behaviour and intentions will need to be relayed via easily comprehensible, intuitive and universally intelligible means, perhaps presented externally via new vehicle interfaces. This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire-based study, delivered to 664 participants, recruited during live demonstrations of an Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS; SAE Level 4), in three European cities. The questionnaire sought the views of pedestrians and cyclists, focussing on whether respondents felt safe interacting with ARTS in shared space, and also what externally presented travel behaviour information from the ARTS was important to them. Results showed that most pedestrians felt safer when the ARTS were travelling in designated lanes, rather than in shared space, and the majority believed they had priority over the ARTS, in the absence of such infrastructure. Regardless of lane demarcations, all respondents highlighted the importance of receiving some communication information about the behaviour of the ARTS, with acknowledgement of their detection by the vehicle being the most important message. There were no clear patterns across the respondents, regarding preference of modality for these external messages, with cultural and infrastructural differences thought to govern responses. Generally, however, conventional signals (lights and beeps) were preferred to text-based messages and spoken words. The results suggest that until these driverless vehicles are able to provide universally comprehensible externally presented information or messages during interaction with other road users, they are likely to contribute to confusing and conflicting interactions between these actors, especially in a shared space setting, which may, therefore, reduce efficient traffic flow.

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22

Dang, Anh X. H. "Theoretical and experimental development of an active acceleration compensation platform manipulator for transport of delicate objects." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17277.

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23

Dahl, Alexander. "Product allocation for an automated order picking system in an e-commerce warehouse : A data mining approach." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik- och kvalitetsutveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165703.

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Warehouse automation is a measure E-commerce companies can take to get a more streamlined flow through their warehouse. Order picking is the most labor intensive task in a warehouse. By automating the order picking process companies can lower their costs and improve their response times. This thesis studies the A-frame, an automated order picking system, at a large online pharmacy, Apotea AB. An A-frame has dispensing channels on its side and a conveyor belt that runs through the entire machine. Products for an order are ejected from the channels onto the conveyor belt and at the end of the machine they are dropped into a box. The box is then sealed, labeled and sent to the customer. For the automatic flow to function correctly, all orders picked by the A-frame need to be complete orders. Complete orders are orders where there are no products missing. To maximize the throughput of the A-frame, an appropriate product allocation will be required. Due to the vast number of combinations, it is extremely difficult to identify an optimal product allocation. This study has examined three different approaches to the product allocation problem for an A-frame. The first two methods are based on ranking the products depending on their quantities sold. The last method uses association rule learning, which is a machine learning technique for finding interesting patterns in a data set. Association rule learning was used to find which products were associated to each other. These associations were then placed in a graph structure and solved using a heuristic. To evaluate the different allocation methods, a simulation model was created. The A-frame was simulated using a discrete event simulation, which meant all methods could be tested on the same data to correctly compare the performance of each allocation. The study showed that the heuristic using association rules gave the highest number of picks for the tested period. However, it was only marginally better than the method that first removed orders that could not be picked from the A-frame and then ranked all products by their quantities sold. The study's conclusion is that while association rule learning resulted in the highest number of picked orders, the gain of using it does not motivate its complexity. Instead a more simple approach by ranking products by their quantities sold should be used. Warehousing in the era of E-commerce has to be fast, correct and cheap.

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24

Ramde, Sara, and Lana Qadir. "Effektivisering av materialflödet i inlagringsprocessen i ett distributionslager : Genom exkludering av begränsningar." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41781.

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Syfte – Syftet med studien är att identifiera kritiska begränsningar i inlagringsprocessen i ett distributionslager för att därmed kunna effektivisera materialflödet. Studiens syfte uppnås genom att följande forskningsfrågor har formulerats: Vilka kritiska begränsningar kan förekomma i materialflödet i en inlagringsprocess i ett distributionslager? Hur kan de identifierade begränsningarna exkluderas i en inlagringsprocess? Metod – Studien hade en induktiv ansats och datainsamling skedde genom intervjuer, observationer, dokumentstudier och litteraturstudier. En fallstudie genomfördes på ett distributionslager och empiri och teori har jämförts för att kunna uppfylla studiens syfte. Resultat – Studiens resultat påvisar att de förekommande kritiska begränsningarna i ett distributionslager är brist på yta, materialhantering, automatiska system samt lagerlayout. Studiens slutsats är att begränsningarna är sammankopplade och påverkar varandra eftersom de ingår i samma process. För att exkludera begränsningarna bör distributionslager implementera diverse standarder i sin inlagringsprocess och arbeta med ständiga förbättringar. Implikationer – Studien bidrar inte med nya teorier men bidrar med praktisk nytta för distributionslager med liknande kriterier som studiens fallföretag. Begränsningar – Studien riktar enbart in sig på distributionslager och var en fallstudie av enfallsdesign. Genom att utföra flera liknande undersökningar på företag med liknande kriterier hade generaliserbarheten kunnat stärkas.
Purpose – The purpose of the study is to identify critical constraints in the inbound process at a distribution warehouse. To accomplish the purpose two research questions were formulated: Which critical constraints can occur in the material flow in the inbound process at a distribution warehouse? How can the identified constraints be excluded in the inbound process? Method – The study was performed inductively, and the data collection techniques were interviews, observations, document studies and literature studies. A single case study was performed at a distribution warehouse and the empirical data and theories were compared to accomplish the purpose of the study. Findings – The result of the study demonstrates that the critical constraints in the inbound process at a distribution warehouse are space, material handling, automatic systems and warehouse layout. The conclusion of the study is that the constraints are connected and affect each other since they are all included in the same process. To exclude the constraints different types of standards should be implemented in the inbound process, and distribution warehouses should work with continuous improvements. Implications – The study does not contribute to new theories but can be practically beneficial for distribution warehouses similar to the studies case study. Limitations – The study only focuses on one distribution warehouse and is therefore a single case study. The generalizability could have been higher if the study had been conducted at multiple distribution warehouses.

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25

Kunz, Guilherme de Oliveira. "Metodologia para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle de APM (Automated People Movers) com aplicação ao sistema aeromovel de transporte de passageiros." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60996.

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Este trabalho consiste na proposição de uma metodologia que garanta o projeto efetivo de controladores para utilização em sistemas de proteção, operação e supervisão de sistemas APM (Automated People Movers), utilizando como estudo de caso o Sistema Aeromovel. Automated People Movers (APM) são sistemas de transporte de passageiros com operação completamente automatizada (sem tripulação), trafegando em vias exclusivas e com alta frequência de serviço. Geralmente são operados em via elevada, acima dos obstáculos encontrados no nível do solo, de maneira a manter o espaço urbano de circulação. A automação completa de trens para transporte de passageiros é geralmente condição essencial para sua viabilidade financeira nos casos onde tem-se veículos pequenos para prover alta frequência de serviço. Em parte, a confiabilidade de um veículo com operação completamente automatizada aumenta com o uso de vias exclusivas impedindo a interferência de outros veículos ou pessoas na via, porém, uma metodologia de desenvolvimento do sistema de proteção, operação e supervisão que diminua a taxa de falhas e suas consequências é necessária por tratar-se de um sistema crítico. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão das soluções utilizadas na construção de Sistemas APM e daquelas adotadas no controle digital de sistemas automáticos. Descreve-se o processo de construção do sistema de proteção, operação e supervisão baseados na proposta de ampliação da norma IEC 61850 e prova-se a importância do uso do processo de simulação, verificação formal e os testes de conformidade no desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle seguro para aplicação em Sistemas APM. Para cada etapa do trabalho são apresentados os testes de conformidade para verificação do modelo de controle proposto.
This work consists in the proposition of a methodology that guarantees the effective design of controllers for use in protection, operation and monitoring Automated People Movers System, using as a case study Aeromovel system. Automated People Mover (APM) are systems of passenger transport with entirely automated operation (without crew), traveling in exclusive ways and with high service frequency. They are usually operated at elevated highway above the obstacles encountered on the ground level, so as to keep the urban space circulation. The complete automation of trains for passenger condition is necessary for their economic viability in the cases where they have small vehicles to supply high frequency of service. The reliability of an fully automated vehicle operation increases with the use of exclusive right-of-way preventing access from other vehicles or people on the track, however, the development of a methodology for protection, operation and monitoring systems is necessary to decrease the rate of failures and their consequences. This work presents a review of the solutions used in the construction of APM systems and the digital control of automated systems. We describe the construction process of the protection, operation and supervision systems based on the proposed extension of IEC 61850 and proves the importance use of the simulation, formal verification and conformity tests to develop a safe control system. For each stage of the work, the compliance tests to verify the proposed control model are presented.

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26

Silva, Camila Maria de Paiva e. "Utilização do sistema de posicionamento global para monitoramento de transporte fretado." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257710.

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Orientador: Maria Teresa Françoso
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T02:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_CamilaMariadePaivae_M.pdf: 5263797 bytes, checksum: 09760343e8c6a05923be7cf27642b699 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Este trabalho visa destacar as vantagens e os pontos que devem ser tratados em um sistema AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location), baseado nas tecnologias de posicionamento por satélites e transmissão de dados via rede de telefonia móvel, quando aplicado ao transporte coletivo por fretamento. Neste sentido, três linhas de ônibus fretado que atendem funcionários da Universidade Estadual de Campinas foram monitorados por um período de 07 semanas no trajeto bairro-universidade. O módulo de rastreamento possibilitou a coleta eletrônica de dados de operação do veículo. Também foram registrados, manual e eletronicamente, informações sobre os usuários do serviço. Os dados coletados foram transmitidos via GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) para a central de controle e disponibilizados na rede mundial de computadores em tempo real. Foram verificados os pontos de parada e os itinerários e foi feita uma análise financeira das linhas de fretamento da Unicamp monitoradas durante a pesquisa. O monitoramento de transporte coletivo fretado, relatado neste trabalho de maneira provavelmente inédita, possibilitou a obtenção de dados para gerência e controle do serviço de fretamento. Observou-se, como esperado, que o sistema permite de maneira eficiente o acompanhamento da operação com registro de posições e velocidades desenvolvidas pelo veículo monitorado e dos locais de parada e itinerários cumpridos. No caso em questão, entre as vantagens obtidas destaca-se a possibilidade de realizar uma fiscalização mais efetiva, tanto pela operadora do transporte, como pela universidade, controlando os horários programados, os itinerários e os passageiros. São apresentadas sugestões para melhoria do sistema de rastreamento utilizado
Abstract: This research aims to point out the advantages and what still needs to be improved in an Automatic Vehicle Location ¿ AVL - system applied to the charter bus service. The sample of three charter bus lines serving Campinas University (Unicamp)¿s workers on their way from home to office, in a seven weak period. The AVL equipment was used to collect electronic operational data. Users information were collected automatically and manually. These data were sent through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) to the control station and become available in the internet in real time. The itinerary and the bus stops were verified, and a financial analysis of these three lines were made. This could conclude that the system allows monitoring vehicle position and speed, bus stops, traffic points, etc. - supplying data for management and control of the service. It has showed that AVL, when applied in the Unicamp¿s fleet, support better management and control of routes and timetables. In this work it is also proposed improvements in the equipment that has been used.
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Anany, Hossam. "Effectiveness of a Speed Advisory Traffic Signal System for Conventional and Automated vehicles in a Smart City." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156650.

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This thesis project investigates the state-of-the-art in traffic management "Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA)" for vehicles in a smart city. GLOSA utilizes infrastructure and vehicles communication through using current signal plan settings and updated vehicular information in order to influence the intersection approach speeds. The project involves traffic microscopic simulations for a mixed traffic environment of conventional and automated vehicles (AVs) both connected to the intersection control and guided by a speed advisory traffic management system. Among the project goals is to assess the effects on traffic performance when human drivers comply to the speed advice. The GLOSA management approach is accessed for its potential to improve traffic efficiency in a full market penetration of connected AVs with absolute compliance. The project also aims to determine the possible outcome resulting from enhancing the AVs capabilities such as implementing short time headways between vehicles in the future. The best traffic performance results achieved by operating GLOSA goes for connected AVs with the lowest simulated time headway (0.3 sec). The waiting time reduction reaches 95% and trip delay lessens to 88 %.

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Garrido, Carpio Fernando José. "Planification locale de trajectoires à deux étapes basée sur l’interpolation des courbes optimales pré-planifiées pour une conduite humaine en milieu urbain." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM065/document.

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Les systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) sont conçus pour améliorer les transports, réduire les accidents, le temps de transport et la consommation de carburant, tout en augmentant la sécurité, le confort et l'efficacité de conduite. L'objectif final de ITS est de développer ADAS pour faciliter les tâches de conduite, jusqu'au développement du véhicule entièrement automatisé. Les systèmes actuels ne sont pas assez robustes pour atteindre un niveau entièrement automatisé à court terme. Les environnements urbains posent un défi particulier, car le dynamisme de la scène oblige les algorithmes de navigation à réagir en temps réel aux éventuels changements, tout en respectant les règles de circulation et en évitant les collisions avec les autres usagers de la route. Sur cette base, cette thèse propose une approche de la planification locale en deux étapes pour apporter une solution au problème de la navigation en milieu urbain. Premièrement, les informations statiques des contraintes de la route et du véhicule sont considérées comme générant la courbe optimale pour chaque configuration de virage réalisable, où plusieurs bases de données sont générées en tenant compte de la position différente du véhicule aux points de début et de fin des courbes, permettant ainsi une analyse réaliste. planificateur de temps pour analyser les changements de concavité en utilisant toute la largeur de la voie. Ensuite, la configuration réelle de la route est envisagée dans le processus en temps réel, où la distance disponible et la netteté des virages à venir et consécutifs sont étudiées pour fournir un style de conduite à la manière humaine optimisant deux courbes simultanément, offrant ainsi un horizon de planification étendu. Par conséquent, le processus de planification en temps réel recherche le point de jonction optimal entre les courbes. Les critères d’optimalité minimisent à la fois les pics de courbure et les changements abrupts, en recherchant la génération de chemins continus et lisses. Quartic Béziers est l'algorithme d'interpolation utilisé en raison de ses propriétés, permettant de respecter les limites de la route et les restrictions cinématiques, tout en permettant une manipulation facile des courbes. Ce planificateur fonctionne à la fois pour les environnements statiques et dynamiques. Les fonctions d'évitement d'obstacles sont présentées en fonction de la génération d'une voie virtuelle qui modifie le chemin statique pour effectuer chacune des deux manoeuvres de changement de voie sous la forme de deux courbes, convertissant le problème en un chemin statique. Ainsi, une solution rapide peut être trouvée en bénéficiant du planificateur local statique. Il utilise une discrétisation en grille de la scène pour identifier l'espace libre nécessaire à la construction de la route virtuelle, où le critère de planification dynamique consiste à réduire la pente pour les changements de voie. Des essais de simulation et des tests expérimentaux ont été réalisés pour valider l'approche dans des environnements statiques et dynamiques, adaptant la trajectoire en fonction du scénario et du véhicule, montrant la modularité du système
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) developments are conceived to improve transportation reducing accidents, transport time and fuel consumption, while increasing driving security, comfort and efficiency. The final goal of ITS is the development of ADAS for assisting in the driving tasks, up to the development of the fully automated vehicle. Despite last ADAS developments achieved a partial-automation level, current systems are not robust enough to achieve fully-automated level in short term. Urban environments pose a special challenge, since the dynamism of the scene forces the navigation algorithms to react in real-time to the eventual changes, respecting at the same time traffic regulation and avoiding collisions with other road users. On this basis, this PhD thesis proposes a two-staged local planning approach to provide a solution to the navigation problem on urban environments. First, static information of both road and vehicle constraints is considered to generate the optimal curve for each feasible turn configuration, where several databases are generated taking into account different position of the vehicle at the beginning and ending points of the curves, allowing the real-time planner to analyze concavity changes making use of the full lane width.Then, actual road layout is contemplated in the real-time process, where both the available distance and the sharpness of upcoming and consecutive turns are studied to provide a human-like driving style optimizing two curves concurrently, offering that way an extended planning horizon. Therefore, the real-time planning process searches the optimal junction point between curves. Optimality criteria minimizes both curvature peaks and abrupt changes on it, seeking the generation of continuous and smooth paths. Quartic Béziers are the interpolating-based curve algorithm used due to their properties, allowing compliance with road limits and kinematic restrictions, while allowing an easy manipulation of curves. This planner works both for static and dynamic environments. Obstacle avoidance features are presented based on the generation of a virtual lane which modifies the static path to perform each of the two lane change maneuvers as two curves, converting the problem into a static-path following. Thus, a fast solution can be found benefiting from the static local planner. It uses a grid discretization of the scene to identify the free space to build the virtual road, where the dynamic planning criteria is to reduce the slope for the lane changes. Both simulation and experimental test have been carried out to validate the approach, where vehicles performs path following on static and dynamic environments adapting the path in function of the scenario and the vehicle, testing both with low-speed cybercars and medium-speed electic platforms, showing the modularity of the system

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Bylin, Jenniefer. "Riskanalys av självkörande fordon i hamnområden : En kvalitativ studie för interna transporter av containrar." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36331.

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Today, companies face constant challenges, as the business must constantly be developed in order to compete. As new ports are being built in already existing ones, other opportunities are often made available to develop further and reduce costs and risks. Replacing some labour against automation is one of them. The study aims to ensure the risks of using selfdriving vehicles for the movement of containers in port areas. The work has been carried out at SCA in Tunadal for their new coming terminal. The aim of the study was to examine the risk associated with manpower versus self-driving vehicles exist. If, based on a safety aspect, it is profitable to go towards a more automated business. To carry out the study, documents have been collected describing the accidents in the port, two persons who are extra responsible for the accidents in the port have been interviewed and observations have been made to also see how the self-driving vehicle is to be applied to reality. When processing the data, THERP - Technique for human error rate prediction has been used for mapping the current situation. FMEA - failure mode and effects analysis and FTA - Fault tree analysis has been used to map the future situation with automation. The result shows that from a safety perspective, it is safest to use self-driving vehicles, as it is the human slips that represent the greatest risks in port areas.
Idag står företag för ständiga utmaningar då verksamheten hela tiden måste utvecklas för att kunna konkurrera. Då nya hamnar byggs i redan befintlig tas ofta andra möjligheter i förfogande för att utvecklas ytterligare och minska på kostnader och risker. Att byta ut viss arbetskraft mot automation är en av dem. Studien syftar till att se till riskerna med att använda självkörande fordon för förflyttning av containrar i hamnområden. Arbetet har genomförts hos SCA i Tunadal för deras nya kommande terminal. Målet med studien var att se till de risker som finns med att använda arbetskraft kontra självkörande fordon. Om det utifrån en säkerhetsaspekt är lönsamt att gå mot en mer automatiserad verksamhet. För att utföra studien har dokument samlats in som beskriver olyckorna i hamnen, två personer som är extra ansvariga för olyckorna i hamnen har intervjuats och observationer har gjorts för att också se till hur det självkörande fordonet ska appliceras på verkligheten. Vid bearbetning av data har THERP - Technique for human error rate prediction använts för kartläggning av nuläget. FMEA - failure mode and effects analysis och FTA - Fault tree analysis har använts för att kartlägga det framtida läget med automation. Resultatet visar att det ur ett säkerhetsperspektiv är säkrast att använda sig av självkörande fordon då det är de mänskliga snedstegen som står för de största riskerna i hamnområden.

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CARBONI, ANGELA. "Technical, economic and energetic competitiveness of rail-road combined transport: evaluation of the effects of possible ITS applications on intermodal terminal." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2732968.

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Movaheddin, Armin. "Sustainable automated transportation systems directing towards smart cities : A feasibility study of droid delivery in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301167.

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The rapid growth of E-commerce around the world has prompted related stakeholders to place a greater emphasis on automation. Catastrophes like pandemics are boosting the public demand for quick and efficient transportation, among others. Automated vehicle technologies are associated with the last-mile delivery operations that lead to improving sustainability and Smart Cities. In this context, Autonomous Vehicles are being explored as a viable urban logistics solution.This empirical thesis conducts a feasibility study to investigate the feasibility of incorporating an Autonomous Vehicle into E-commerce operations in Stockholm, Sweden. A case study is analyzed by foodora AB, a German company that operates as a distributor of food and goods in the Swedish market. The study provides a framework that depicts the issues faced by Q- commerce, Operational Planning, and Stakeholders, respectively when introducing Autonomous Vehicles. The results of the study’s qualitative and quantitative approach show that Stockholm's infrastructure is in line with the sustainability plans and is considered ready for droid operations. According to the findings, the utilization rate that is defined as the number of orders delivered per hour can be as high as 2.4 resulting in a high degree of customer satisfaction. However, regulations, classifications, weather conditions, and internet connectivity continue to be major challenges. Autonomous Vehicles must be included in legislative consideration as a mode of transportation in the future to facilitate operations and safety measures.
Den snabba tillväxten av e-handel runtom i världen har fått närstående intressenter att lägga större vikt vid automatisering. Katastrofer som pandemier ökar allmänhetens krav på bland annat snabba och effektiva transporter. Autonoma fordon är förknippade med ”last-mile” transporter av gods som leder till förbättrad hållbarhet och smarta städer. I detta sammanhang utforskas autonoma fordon som en livskraftig citylogistik-lösning.Denna empiriska avhandling genomför en genomförbarhetsstudie för att undersöka möjligheten att integrera ett autonomt fordon i e-handelsverksamheten i Stockholm, Sverige. I synnerhet analyseras en fallstudie av foodora AB, ett tyskt företag som är verksamma som distributör av matvaror på den svenska marknaden. Studien ger ett ramverk som visar de frågor som Q-handel, operativ planering respektive intressenter står inför vid ett införande av autonoma fordon. Resultaten av studiens kvalitativa och kvantitativa tillvägagångssätt visar att Stockholms infrastruktur är i linje med hållbarhetsplanerna och till synes redo för droid leveranser. Enligt resultaten kan utnyttjandegraden, definierad som antal utförda orderleveranser inom en timme, vara så hög som 2,4, vilket resulterar i en hög grad av kundtillfredsställelse. Regler, klassificeringar, väderförhållanden och internetanslutning är dock fortfarande stora utmaningar. Autonoma fordon måste tas med i lagstiftningen som ett transportmedel i framtiden för att underlätta drift och säkerhetsåtgärder.

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Sanches, Danilo Sipoli. "Estratégia de modelagem por algoritmo genético adaptativo para programação reativa da produção de produtos com uso simultâneo de máquinas e sistemas de transporte em sistemas de manufatura." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/387.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2127.pdf: 1371924 bytes, checksum: 9875e1d607356e12cb2a118b33474a4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-12
The production scheduling problem of products with simultaneous use of machines and transportation systems in manufacturing systems invloves the system modeling task and the application of a technique to solve it. This scheduling type is characterized by the great amount of possible solutions and several researches indicates the Adaptive Genetic Algorithms as search method to solve this problem, where these algorithms have the capacity of globally explore the search space and to find good solutions quickly. In this dissertation, it is proposed a method that uses an adaptive genetic algorithm to solve this scheduling problem. The aim of this dissertation is to obtain good scheduling of product production, in order to reach good makespan values and response obtaining time. The makespan values are obtained by adaptive genetic algorithm and the response obtaining time is the processing time of the adaptive genetic algorithm. The results were validated in small and large scenerios and compared with the results of two other approaches. These results are presented and discussed in this dissertation.
O problema da programação da produção de produtos com uso simultâneo de máquinas e sistemas de transporte em sistemas de manufatura envolvem questões como a modelagem do problema e a técnica utilizada para resolvê-lo. Este tipo de programação é caracterizado pela grande quantidade de soluções possíveis, em que várias pesquisas apontam para o uso de Algoritmos Genéticos Adaptativos como método de busca, uma vez que estes algoritmos possuem a capacidade de percorrer de forma global o espaço da busca, a fim de encontrar boas soluções rapidamente. Neste trabalho, é proposto um método com uso de um algoritmo genético adaptativo para resolver este tipo de problema de programação. O objetivo deste trabalho é obter uma boa programação da produção de produtos, a fim de atingir um bom compromisso entre valores de makespan e de tempo de obtenção da resposta. Os valores de makespan são obtidos a partir da aplicação do algoritmo genético adaptativo e o tempo de obtenção da resposta é referente ao tempo de processamento do algoritmo genético adaptativo. Os resultados deste trabalho foram validados para cenários pe quenos e grandes e comparados com os resultados de outras duas abordagens. Estes resultados são apresentados e discutidos neste trabalho.

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Le, Mortellec Antoine. "Proposition d'une architecture de surveillance "active" à base d'agents intelligents pour l'aide à la maintenance de systèmes mobiles - Application au domaine ferroviaire." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947981.

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Ces deux dernières décennies, les systèmes embarqués ont été introduits dans de nombreux domaines d'application (transport, industrie, habitat, médical...). Ces systèmes se sont vu confier des tâches plus importantes pour délivrer de nouveaux services aux utilisateurs avec des délais de mise sur le marché toujours plus courts et à moindre coût. L'intégration rapide de ces systèmes au sein de produits manufacturés est un avantage concurrentiel pour les industriels. Cependant, les pannes associées à ces systèmes et le niveau de complexité croissant des équipements ont rendu les interventions de maintenance bien plus délicates. L'identification des causes de certaines pannes représente actuellement un véritable challenge dans les activités de la maintenance. Elles entrainent une indisponibilité excessive des équipements.Cette thèse propose une architecture générique de surveillance "active" pour l'aide à la maintenance de systèmes mobiles. Cette architecture repose sur des entités de surveillance "intelligentes" capables d'évaluer l'état de santé des équipements surveillés. Notre contribution se situe à la rencontre de différentes communautés de Recherche et s'appuie notamment sur des concepts développés par lacommunauté PHM (Pronostics and Health Management).L'architecture proposée est mise en œuvre et appliquée a la surveillance d'un système réel de transport ferroviaire dans le cadre du projet SURFER (SURveillance active FERroviaire) conduit par Bombardier-Transport.

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Кулиняк, Юліан Ігорович, та Yulian Kulyniak. "Розробка автоматизованого комплексу для палетизації продукції у PET-пляшках на базі ПрАТ “Добра вода”". Bachelor's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. І. Пулюя, Факультет прикладних інформаційних технологій та електроінженерії, Кафедра автоматизації технологічних процесів і виробництв, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/35530.

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Робота виконана на кафедрі автоматизації технологічних процесів і виробництв факультету прикладних інформаційних технологій та електроінженерії Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України. Захист відбудеться «25» червня 2021 р. о 9.00 год. на засіданні екзаменаційної комісії №21 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя
У кваліфікаційній роботі проведено аналіз виробництва питної води у PET-пляшках, систем контролю при виготовленні питної води, а також здійснено аналіз сучасних способів упаковки продукції. Виконано аналіз технологічний процес виробництва мінеральної води та проектування автоматизованої системи керування та контролю комплексу для укладання продукції в палети. У роботі здійснено розробку заходів з автоматизації комплексу для укладання продукції в палети. Запропонована система побудована на базі існуючої на підприємства транспортної системи. Використання запропонованого комплексу дозволяє синхронізувати за часом роботу транспортної системи та укладача блоків пляшок у палети. Розроблений комплекс дозволяє розмістити палетайзер та обмотувальну машину на виробничій лінії із забезпеченням синхронної роботи транспортної системи. Операції пакетування та обмотування виконуються в автоматичному режимі без використання людської праці. При розробці автоматизованої системи контролю за процесом укладання блоків вирішувалися задачі контролю положення пляшок та блоків із ними перед укладанням на піддони. Також запропоновано контролювати станом і положенням витратних матеріалів при виконанні операції обмотування палет. Для цього використовувалися системи безконтактного контролю, побудовані набазі програмованого логічного контролера Simens S-7, частотних перетворювачах, фотоелектричних та індуктивних давачах. В якості виконавчих механізмів керування здійснювалося двигунами конвеєрів та укладача палет. Розроблена система контролю дозволяє значно економити витратний матеріал та отримати на виході лінії якісно упакований і захищений вантаж без втрат у продуктивності виробничої лінії.
In the qualification work the analysis of production of drinking water in PET-bottles, control systems at manufacturing of drinking water is carried out, and also the analysis of modern ways of packing of production is carried out. The analysis of the technological process of mineral water production and design of the automated control and monitoring system of the complex for stacking products in pallets is performed. The work develops measures to automate the complex for stacking products in pallets. The proposed system is based on the existing transport system for enterprises. Use of the offered complex allows to synchronize in time work of transport system and the stacker of blocks of bottles in pallets. The developed complex allows to place a palletizer and a winding machine on the production line with the provision of synchronous operation of the transport system. Packaging and wrapping operations are performed automatically without the use of human labor. When developing an automated control system for the process of stacking blocks, the tasks of controlling the position of bottles and blocks with them before stacking on pallets were solved. It is also proposed to control the condition and position of consumables when performing the operation of wrapping pallets. For this purpose, contactless control systems built on the basis of the programmable logic controller Simens S-7, frequency converters, photovoltaic and inductive sensors were used. Conveyor motors and pallet stackers were used as actuators. The developed control system allows to save considerable material and to receive at the exit of the line qualitatively packed and protected cargo without losses in productivity of a production line.
ВСТУП 6 1 АНАЛІТИЧНА ЧАСТИНА 8 1.1 Класифікація устаткування для розливу рідин 8 1.2 Системи контролю при виготовленні питної води 11 1.3 Аналіз сучасних способів упаковки 13 2 ПРОЄКТНА ЧАСТИНА 20 2.1 Технологічний процес виробництва мінеральної води 20 2.2 Проектування автоматизованої системи керування та контролю 36 2.2.1 Вибір керуючого пристрою автоматизованої системи 36 2.2.2 Вибір пристрою керування двигунами 42 2.2.3 Засоби контролю положення блоків PET-пляшок при транспортуванні 44 3 СПЕЦІАЛЬНА ЧАСТИНА 49 3.1 Постановка задачі на розробку програмного забезпечення 49 3.2 Розробка програмного засобу 50 4 БЕЗПЕКА ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ, ОСНОВИ ХОРОНИ ПРАЦІ 58 4.1 Захисні елементи на лінії 58 4.2 Правила розміщення щитів і пультів у технологічних приміщеннях 60 ВИСНОВКИ 63 ПЕРЕЛІК ПОСИЛАНЬ 64

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Börjesson, Alexandra. "Automatic Generation of Levels of Detail : A Study on the Swedish National Road Database." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254835.

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When creating a map, the amount of data and which geographical information chosen to bepresented are decided based on the purpose of the map. Trafikverket is responsible for theNational Road Database that is a reference road network with a large amount of dataconnected to it. The database is built at a carriageway level where several links can be usedto represent a single road. In this thesis the database has been studied as well as thepossibilities to create an automatic workflow that creates a generalisation to road level. Someapplications and analyses that use this database are requesting input data of a higher level ofdetail. It is also found important from a cartographic point of view. Possibilities to create alinear referencing for the data between the different levels was studied as well, to make theupdates between the levels easier and not having the need to maintain two differentdatabases. It would make it possible to inherit attributes and the generic features connectedto the network.The first fully automated workflow for a generalisation of an entire map was developed in theNetherlands in 2014. Several other agencies in Sweden and Norway are currently working ongeneralisations as well and using different approaches. Statens Vegvesen, which is theNational Road Agency in Norway, has already implemented the different levels of detail intheir road database. Lantmäteriet currently has a project where their goal is to create a fullyautomated map to easily change to a larger scale.After studying the programs used in other generalisations and which programs Trafikverketnormally use, FME and ArcGIS were chosen to be used in this thesis. A small study area waschosen, and the proper data was collected from the National Road Database. The study wasconducted by a set of experiments and trying different parameter values in order to obtain asatisfactory result.Three different areas where studied, where the goal was to find a sequence of functions thatsuccessfully generalised all the areas. The areas were parallel roads, complex intersectionsand roundabouts. The result consists of a suggested workflow, but alterations hade to bemade manually since it was not possible to find a fully automated generalisation for the areachosen. Therefore, a set of functions and tools that could be developed were collected as wellin the end to make a more automated workflow possible.The result found in this thesis show that if the cartographic generalisations are more studiedand examined it should be possible to get a more automated workflow to create ageneralisation between the different level of detail. However, it might be difficult to get theworkflow fully automated due to the complexity of the intersections.
När en karta skapas baseras mängden data och vilken geografisk information som skaförmedlas beroende på syftet med kartan. Trafikverket ansvarar för den NationellaVägdatabasen som är ett referensvägnät med en stor mäng data kopplad till vägnätet.Referensvägnätet är byggt på en körbanenivå. I det här arbetet har databasen studerats ochvilka möjligheter som finns för att skapa en automatisk generalisering till vägnivå. Det finnsett behov att representera data på en annan detaljnivå för vissa applikationer och analysersom använder sig av vägdatabasen. Det är även viktigt utifrån ett kartografiskt synsätt.Möjligheterna att skapa en linjär referering mellan de olika detaljnivåerna har undersökts, föratt förenkla uppdateringar mellan nivåerna samt att inte behöva ajourhålla två olikadatabaser. Det skulle även göra det möjligt att attribut och företeelser kan ärvas mellan deolika nivåerna.Det fösta helt automatiserade arbetsflödet för en generalisering av en karta utformades 2014i Nederländerna. Flera andra myndigheter i Sverige och Norge arbetar just nu med den härtypen av generaliseringar och har använt sig av olika tillvägagångssätt. Statens Vegvesen,vilket är den statliga myndighet som ansvarar för vägar i Norge, har redan implementerat olikadetaljnivåer i deras vägdatabas. Lantmäteriet har ett projekt med målet att skapa en fulltautomatisk generalisering för olika skalor.Efter att ha studerat de olika program som vanligtvis används vid generaliseringar samt vilkaprogram som Trafikverket använder sig av så valdes FME och ArcGIS i det här arbetet. Ettmindre studieområde valdes ut och relevant data hämtades från den NationellaVägdatabasen. Studien bestod av olika experiment och tester av olika parametervärden föratt få ett acceptabelt resultat.Tre olika områden studerades, där målet var att hitta en följd operationer som skapade enlämplig generalisering för alla områden. De tre olika områdena var parallella vägar,trafikplatser och cirkulationsplatser. Resultatet består av förslag på ett arbetsflöde, men delarhar behövt göras manuellt då det inte var möjligt att hitta en helt automatiseradgeneralisering för det valda området. Förslag på olika funktioner och verktyg som kanutvecklas har sammanställts, för att kunna utvecklade ett mer automatiserat arbetssätt.Resultatet av det här arbetet visar att om kartografiska generaliseringar studeras och testasmer skulle det kunna vara möjligt att skapa ett mer automatiserat arbetssätt med syfte attmöjliggöra generaliseringar mellan olika detaljnivåer. Det kan däremot vara svårt att få dettahelt automatiserat på grund av de olika komplexa trafikplatserna.

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Ndiaye, Moulaye Aidara. "Aide à la décision pour la conception et la gestion de systèmes de transport automatisés complexes." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02877296.

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La fabrication de semi-conducteurs est un processus long et très complexe avec de nombreuses contraintes. Le processus de fabrication d'un lot peut durer plusieurs mois avec plusieurs centaines d'opérations. Plusieurs milliers de lots doivent ainsi être transportés et stockés en permanence. Un système de transport efficace est par conséquent critique pour garantir que les centaines de machines dans l'usine sont livrées dans les temps.Cette thèse s'intéresse à la modélisation et à l'optimisation d'un système de transport et destockage automatisé (AMHS) dans une unité moderne de fabrication de semi-conducteurs. Différentes problématiques ont été étudiées. La première a visé à analyser l'impact de paramètres clés de l'AMHS et à proposer de nouvelles approches pour déterminer ces paramètres clés. Un modèle de simulation a permis de valider les résultats obtenus. La deuxième problématique a porté sur la gestion de situations de crises liées à une ou plusieurs pannes sur le réseau, avec pour objectif de minimiser les perturbations sur le fonctionnement de l'AMHS. La dernière problématique concerne la conception d'un nouvel AMHS pour le transport de ressources auxiliaires dans un atelier spécifique.Ces travaux de thèse ont été réalisés dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE entre l'Ecole des Mines de Saint-Étienne et le site de Crolles de STMicroelectronics. Les approches scientifiques proposées ont conduit à plusieurs applications industrielles en cours d'utilisation
The manufacturing of semiconductors is a long and very complex process with many constraints. The process of manufacturing a lot can last several months with several hundred operations. Several thousand lots must be transported and stored permanently. An efficient transportation system is therefore critical to ensure that the hundreds of machines in the factory are delivered on time.This thesis focuses on the modeling and optimization of a transport and automated storage (AMHS) system in a modern semiconductor manufacturing unit.Different issues have been studied. The first aimed to analyze the impact of key parameters of the AMHS system and to propose new approaches to determine these key parameters. A simulation model has allowed to validate the results obtained. The second issue focused on the management of crisis situations related to one or more failures on the network, with the aim of minimizing disruption to the operation of the AMHS system. The last issue concerns the design of a new AMHS system for the transportation of auxiliary resources in a specific workshop.These thesis work was carried out within the framework of a CIFRE agreement between the Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne and the Crolles site of STMicroelectronics. The proposed scientific approaches have led to several industrial applications in use

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STOICA, Dragos. "Analyse, representation et optimisation de la circulation des avions sur une plate-forme aeroportuaire." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009323.

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Au cours des dernieres decennies, la demande de trafic au niveau des aeroports a augmente regulierement a tel point que le trafic au sol est devenu critique pour la securite et l'efficacite des operations aeroportuaires. Cette these propose une approche a deux niveaux pour l'analyse et l'optimisation du trafic avion au sol sur les aeroports. Elle est divisee en trois parties: - La premiere partie introduit la problematique generale et son environnement - La deuxieme partie traite la gestion a moyen terme du trafic au sol des avions. Une approche globale pour estimer la capacite theorique et la capacite pratique du trafic avion est proposee. Celle-ci met en Suvre une approche d'optimisation du flux dans un reseau qui conduit a la formulation de differents problemes de programmation mathematique - La troisieme partie traite du niveau tactique et une approche adaptative est developpee pour definir les routes et les horaires associes aux mouvement d'arrivee ou de depart des avions. Une approche de resolution operationnelle est alors proposee.

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Cunha, Joana Nicolini. "Metodologia de geração dinâmica de padrões de viagens rodoviárias para monitoramentos inteligentes de veículos de carga em sistemas AVL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-05102009-163000/.

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A presente dissertação traz a questão da aderência de viagens de veículos em monitoramentos inteligentes com sistemas Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) que operam em rotas rodoviárias. Uma viagem é considerada como uma série de \"passadas\", que correspondem ao tempo em que o veículo está em movimento, mas excluindo os tempos gastos em paradas para atividades como carregamento/descarregamento entre outras. A partir de dados históricos coletados via Global Positioning System (GPS) pelo sistema AVL, uma metodologia de filtragem e aplicações estatísticas para geração das passadas é apresentada. Além disso, são propostos métodos para geração de padrões de viagem de referência, baseados em tempos de viagem e velocidades, desvios padrões, locais de descontinuidades entre outros parâmetros. A geração desses padrões em conjunto com procedimentos operacionais permite o monitoramento eficiente do progresso de viagens de frotas de veículos, para finalidades logísticas e de segurança. O progresso de um veículo ao longo de uma rota é analisado diante dos padrões de viagem de referência obtidos a partir de suas viagens prévias, de veículos similares na mesma rota ou de viagens em rotas de mesma classe, dependendo do que for mais adequado. A geração de padrões é um processo dinâmico que gera conhecimento sobre o veículo e comportamento da rodovia ao longo do tempo. Desenho do processo de monitoramento do progresso de viagem é apresentado, no qual, a cada nova coleta de dado GPS ou a cada instante solicitado pelo usuário, a aderência é medida, eventuais descontinuidades (saídas da rota, paradas ou mudança de sentido) são identificadas e avisos são gerados. Tal aderência é definida por índice de desempenho que considera os desvios de tempo em relação a valores de referência e respectivas tolerâncias. Para experimentação da metodologia, foi realizada simulação de viagem na rodovia BR116 na ligação São Paulo - Rio de Janeiro, sobre base com cerca de 130.000 registros de dados GPS associados. Com integração em Geographic Information System (GIS) para suporte de funcionalidades, foram gerados os padrões de viagem e simulado o processo de monitoramento com sucesso.
This dissertation addresses the question of vehicle travel adherence in intelligent monitoring with Automatic Transportation Location (AVL) operating in a regional environment. A trip is considered as series of runs, corresponding to time in movement but excluding time spent on activities such as loading/unloading and others. Based on historic data collected from AVL/GPS a statistical data filtering method to generate the runs is presented. Furthermore, statistical methods are proposed to generate travel patterns based on travel time, speed, standard deviation and other parameters. The pattern generation together with operational procedures allows effective monitoring of large fleets in logistics and safety. The progress of a vehicle along a route is evaluated face to the statistical patterns of its previous successful trips or against statistical patterns of similar vehicles on the same route, whichever appropriate. The generation of patterns is a dynamic continuous process that generates knowledge on vehicle and road behavior along time. A broad outline of the travel monitoring process is presented. Whenever the requested by user, the process calculates the travel adherence, identifies abnormalities and generates alarms. That adherence is defined by a performance index, which considers the travel time deviations from the reference values and the respective tolerances. Successful experimentation was carried out on the Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo motorway, with 130.000 Global Positioning System (GPS) positional data relayed from trucks to a Geographic Information System (GIS) based monitoring system in Brazil.

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Basse, Reine Maria. "LA LGV PACA DANS L'EVOLUTION DU SYSTEME TERRITORIAL TRANSFRONTALIER FRANCO-ITALO-MONEGASQUE. MODELISATION GEOPROSPECTIVE." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00569939.

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L'objet de cette recherche porte sur une ligne à grande vitesse appelée à desservir la Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur à l'horizon 2020. La LGV PACA est une infrastructure programmée mais qui n'en est qu'au stade de projet non encore réalisé, c'est pourquoi notre objectif est de proposer des scénarios visant à mesurer les incidences sur l'évolution du territoire transfrontalier franco-italo-monégasque, à partir de la démarche de géoprospective territoriale. Cette approche méthodologique repose ici sur une modélisation spatiale basée sur un modèle d'automate cellulaire contraint du nom de MOLAND. L'application de MOLAND a permis de procéder à une modélisation intégrant transport et usage des sols, ce qui a pour avantage de faciliter la compréhension de l'évolution actuelle et possible du comportement de l'occupation des sols au sein des espaces limitrophes de la frontière. Trois grandes parties sont proposées dans cette thèse. Il est suggéré dans la première partie un cadrage méthodologique portant sur l'interdépendance existante et pouvant exister entre le système territorial et le sous-système des transports. Dans la deuxième partie, nous abordons la problématique de la modélisation et de la simulation spatiale en insistant sur la difficulté du paramétrage des modèles dynamiques et spatialement explicites et notamment sur le paramétrage des modèles basés sur les automates cellulaires contraints. Dans la troisième et dernière partie de cette thèse, c'est la difficulté de l'exercice géoprospectif encore méconnu qui est mise en avant. À partir de différents scénarios géoprospectifs, cette thèse fournit des éléments de connaissance quant à l'avenir possible d'un espace transfrontalier qui s'apprête à accueillir la grande vitesse ferroviaire. Elle apporte des réponses concrètes aux questions liées à la croissance urbaine et à l'accessibilité des territoires jusque-là isolés des grands couloirs européens de communication. Les résultats de cette recherche sont plus que jamais d'actualité car, dans le cadre de l'aide à la connaissance du territoire et de l'aide à la décision, ils permettent de se pencher sur un volet ignoré jusqu'à présent par les études menées par le maître d'ouvrage RFF (Réseau Ferré de France) : la prise en compte simultanée de l'infrastructure de transport et de l'occupation des sols pour l'appréhension et la compréhension des dynamiques d'un territoire en devenir. La prise en compte de l'occupation des sols dans la modélisation géoprospective par automates cellulaires permet au géographe de poser les bonnes questions à partir d'une entrée territoriale. RFF a récemment lancé de nouvelles études sur l'opportunité qu'offre l'infrastructure grande vitesse ferroviaire pour améliorer la desserte de la Région PACA. En permettant de mesurer les impacts nationaux de cette infrastructure sur ce territoire transfrontalier, les simulations réalisées constituent une aide à la décision utile et indispensable.

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Shinohara, Eduardo Jun. "Modelagem do comportamento espaço-temporal de veículo rastreado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-19092014-115054/.

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No Brasil existe a perspectiva de crescimento expressivo do volume de dados a ser processado pelas prestadoras de serviços de rastreamento em decorrência do aumento natural do uso de sistemas de rastreamento e também para atender a Resolução 330 de 2009 e Deliberação 135 de 30/01/2013 do Conselho Nacional de Trânsito (CONTRAN). Este crescimento gera a necessidade da incorporação de ferramentas analíticas nos sistemas de gerenciamento do rastreamento e monitoramento de veículos e na gestão de risco, para aumentar a sua eficiência e atender o crescimento do mercado. O objetivo desta dissertação é de propor uma metodologia que permita caracterizar o comportamento de movimentação de um veículo, com a finalidade de auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão no gerenciamento e monitoramento de veículos. A caracterização do comportamento de movimentação do veículo foi feita pela geração de um modelo analítico do comportamento de movimentação, coletando os dados pretéritos da posição espacial e temporal. Este modelo baseia-se na movimentação e considera os aspectos comportamentais espaciais e temporais de forma independente. A caracterização do comportamento gera informações para identificar o comportamento espacial e temporal do veículo monitorado para um determinado nível de confiabilidade.
In Brazil there is the prospect of growth in the volume of data to be processed by the tracking service providers due to the natural increase of the use of tracking systems and also to meet the Resolution 330 of 2009 and Resolution 135 of 01.30.2013 of the National Traffic Council (CONTRAN), due to this growth the need of incorporation of analytical tools in systems management tracking and monitoring of vehicles and risk management are created, to increase their efficiency and meet market growth. This study objective is to propose a methodology to characterize the moving vehicle behavior, in order to assist the process of decision making in management and vehicle tagging. The vehicle handling behavior will be characterized by generating an analytical model of the vehicle movement, collecting bygone data of spatial position and time. This model will consist of a motion model taking into account that the spatial and temporal aspects of behavior are taken independently. The behavior characterization generates reports able to identify the spatial and temporal behavior of the monitored vehicle for a given level of reliability.

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Gutiérrez, Torres Esteban Rafael, and Infante Hugo Ferrel Injante. "Diseño e implementación de un sistema mecatrónico para la selección automática de grano de pallar “Generoso de Ica” utilizando transporte vibracional y algoritmos de procesamiento digital de imágenes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656081.

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La agricultura es una de las actividades económicas más importantes en el Perú llegando a tener una gran variedad de cultivos de exportación. Pero a nivel nacional, solo unas cuantas han logrado la Denominación de Origen, como es el caso del grano seco de pallar en la región Ica. Este reconocimiento, junto con su alto valor nutricional, ha permitido duplicar su producción y exportación en los últimos 10 años. Sin embargo, la inadecuada forma en que se realiza una de las etapas principales, la selección del grano por calidad, trae problemas como imprecisiones en la calidad final del lote, repeticiones del proceso y, ya que este es un proceso manual, genera fatiga en el personal que ejecuta las operaciones. Las causas del problema están relacionadas con el actual procedimiento subjetivo y la no existencia de tecnología adecuada. Por ello, en este estudio se desarrolla un sistema mecatrónico que permite la selección automática de pallares cuyos criterios de selección se toman de la Norma Técnica Peruana para exportación de pallar, la NTP 205.019: 2015. De esta forma, se alcanza mantener un proceso objetivo, estandarizado, de mayor precisión y de reducido trabajo manual utilizando tecnologías modernas. El producto final es un prototipo automatizado con fabricación modular que clasifica los granos de pallar seco (aceptado o rechazado) utilizando algoritmos de procesamiento de imágenes y luego descarta los granos defectuosos mediante preactuadores neumáticos. Además, se utilizan transportadores vibratorios para movilizar a los granos de acuerdo a la necesidad. Finalmente, el hardware y software son implementados conforme a estándares y buenas prácticas de automatización industrial.
Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities in Peru, having a great variety of export crops. But only a few have achieved the Denomination of Origin at the national level, as is the case of the dry lima bean in the Ica region. This recognition, together with its high nutritional value, has allowed its production and exportation to double in the last 10 years. However, the inadequate way in which one of the main stages is carried out, the grain sorting by quality, brings problems such as inaccuracies in the final quality of the batch, repetitions of the process and, since this is a manual process, fatigue in the personnel. The causes of the problem are related to limited technology and the current subjective procedure. Therefore, in this study a mechatronic system is developed that allows the automatic lima beans sorting whose criteria are based on the Peruvian Technical Standard for lima beans export, the NTP 205.019: 2015. In this way, an objective process would be maintained, standardized, with reduced manual labor using modern technologies. The final product is an automated prototype with modular manufacturing that sorts dry lima beans (accepted or rejected) using image processing algorithms and then discards the defective ones using pneumatic actuators. In addition, vibratory conveyors are used to move the grains according to need. Finally, the hardware and software are implemented according to standards and good industrial automation practices.
Tesis

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Mravec, Roman. "Návrh mezioperační dopravy ve výrobním podniku podle principů Průmyslu 4.0." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449286.

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Based on the description and definition of technology and processes falling within the vision of the fourth industrial revolution with the aim of creating intelligent factories, this diploma thesis deals with the principles of the Industry 4.0 concept in Hilti's production plant with a focus on transport and supply of production equipment. The aim of the work is to create a comprehensive proposal that takes into account all the necessary aspects associated with upgrading the existing state of inter-operational transport in a particular production line to fully automated, flexible and autonomous transport of materials and products in the context of Industry 4.0. A prerequisite for creating a design is the connection of automatically guided vehicles (AGVs) serving individual transport orders. The selection of the vehicle was made taking into account the safety of movement, the method of charging, the system and network integrity of existing and proposed technologies and components. The intention is not only to automate the inter-operational service, but also on the basis of the created automation concept, the ability to autonomously procure the flow of material and products. The mathematical calculation of capacity planning in the production line helped to determine the total load and the number of vehicles needed for continuous procurement of transport requirements. The result of the design part is also the design of specific transport routes and transport conditions that AGV vehicles must comply with in order to maintain a high level of safety. Transparency and a constant overview of transported products is provided by the presented scheme for identification of production batches, Auto-ID system. The financial efficiency of the whole project elaborated in the diploma thesis is evaluated as payable after 4 years from the implementation of the proposal. The financial efficiency of the whole project elaborated in the diploma thesis is evaluated as payable after 4 years from the implementation of the proposal due to high labor costs.

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Bernardi, Ely. "Os sistemas de identificação veicular, em especial o reconhecimento automático de placas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-11052016-162646/.

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Assunto bastante abordado quando se trata de Sistemas Inteligentes de Transportes (ITS), a identificação veicular - utilizada em grande parte das aplicações de ITS deve ser entendida como um conjunto de recursos de hardware, software e telecomunicações, que interagem para atingir, do ponto de vista funcional, o objetivo de, conseguir extrair e transmitir, digitalmente, a identidade de um veículo. É feita tanto por sistemas que transmitem e recebem uma identidade digital quanto por sistemas que, instalados na infraestrutura da via, são capazes de reconhecer a placa dos veículos circulantes. Quando se trata da identificação automática por meio do reconhecimento da placa veicular, os estudos têm se concentrado sobremaneira nas tecnologias de processamento de imagens, não abordando - em sua maioria - uma visão sistêmica, necessária para compreender de maneira mais abrangente todas as variáveis que podem interferir na eficácia da identificação. Com o objetivo de contribuir para melhor entender e utilizar os sistemas de reconhecimento automático de placas veiculares, este trabalho propõe um modelo sistêmico, em camadas, para representar seus componentes. Associada a esse modelo, propõe uma classificação para os diversos tipos de falhas que podem prejudicar seu desempenho. Uma análise desenvolvida com resultados obtidos em testes realizados em campo com sistemas de identificação de placas voltados à fiscalização de veículos aponta resultados relevantes e limitações para obter correlações entre variáveis, em função dos diversos fatores que podem influenciar os resultados. Algumas entrevistas realizadas apontam os tipos de falhas que ocorrem com mais frequência durante a operação desses sistemas. Finalmente, este trabalho propõe futuros estudos e apresenta um glossário de termos, que poderá ser útil a novos pesquisadores.
The automatic vehicle identification is an important feature of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and is used in most ITS applications. The identification process is comprised of a group of interacting resources that involves hardware, software and telecommunication to, digitally, extract and transmit the identity of vehicles. At least two technologies may be used in the vehicle identification process: on-board devices transmitting a digital identity or systems installed on the road infrastructure, which identify and read the vehicle license plate. As far as vehicle license plate recognition is concerned, studies have been greatly focused on image processing technologies and have not addressed the problem in a systemic approach, which is very important for understanding all variables that can interfere with the effectiveness of identification. Having this approach in mind and intending to contribute for a better performance, this paper proposes a layer model representation of those systems as well as a failure type classification associated with it. An analysis, based on a significant set of results obtained from field tests of systems with plate recognition capabilities for law enforcement, shows important results as well as limitations to obtain mathematical correlation of variables. Interviews conducted with supply actors of such systems in Brazil point out the most significant sources of failures that occur during operation. Finally, the text presents potential topics for research and organizes a glossary of terms that may be useful to future researchers.

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Iphar, Clément. "Formalisation d'un environnement d'analyse des données basé sur la détection d'anomalies pour l'évaluation de risques : Application à la connaissance de la situation maritime." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM041/document.

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Il existe différents systèmes de localisation de navires en mer qui favorisent une aide à la navigation et une sécurisation du trafic maritime. Ces systèmes sont également utilisés en tant qu’outils de surveillance et d’aide à la décision par les centres de surveillance basés à terre. Le Système d’Identification Automatique (AIS) déployé par l’Organisation Maritime Internationale, bien qu’étant le système de localisation de navires le plus utilisé de nos jours, est faiblement sécurisé. Cette vulnérabilité est illustrée par des cas réels et détectés tels que des usurpations d’identité ou des disparitions volontaires de navires qui sont sources de risques pour les navires, les infrastructures offshores et côtières et l’environnement.Nous proposons dans cette thèse une démarche méthodologique d’analyse et d’évaluation des messages AIS fondée sur les dimensions de la qualité de la donnée, dont l’intégrité considérée comme la plus importante de ces dimensions. Du fait de la structure complexe de l’AIS, une liste d'indicateurs a été établie, afin d’évaluer l'intégrité de la donnée, sa conformité avec les spécifications techniques du système et la cohérence des champs des messages entre eux et au sein d’un seul ou plusieurs messages. Notre démarche repose également sur l’usage d’informations additionnelles telles que des données géographiques ou des registres de navires afin d’évaluer la véracité et l’authenticité d’un message AIS et de son expéditeur.Enfin, une évaluation des risques associés est proposée, permettant une meilleurecompréhension de la situation maritime ainsi que l’établissement de liens de causalité entre les vulnérabilités du système et les risques relevant de la sécurité et sûreté de la navigation maritime
At sea, various systems enable vessels to be aware of their environment and on the coast, those systems, such as radar, provide a picture of the maritime traffic to the coastal states. One of those systems, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used for security purposes (anti-collision) and as a tool for on-shore bodies as a control and surveillance and decision-support tool.An assessment of AIS based on data quality dimensions is proposed, in which integrity is highlighted as the most important of data quality dimensions. As the structure of AIS data is complex, a list of integrity items have been established, their purpose being to assess the consistency of the data within the data fields with the technical specifications of the system and the consistency of the data fields within themselves in a message and between the different messages. In addition, the use of additional data (such as fleet registers) provides additional information to assess the truthfulness and the genuineness of an AIS message and its sender.The system is weekly secured and bad quality data have been demonstrated, such as errors in the messages, data falsification or data spoofing, exemplified in concrete cases such as identity theft or vessel voluntary disappearances. In addition to message assessment, a set of threats have been identified, and an assessment of the associated risks is proposed, allowing a better comprehension of the maritime situation and the establishment of links between the vulnerabilities caused by the weaknesses of the system and the maritime risks related to the safety and security of maritime navigation

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45

Barbosa, Luciano Aparecido. "Previsão de localização futura de veículos baseada em dados de AVL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-26112010-105735/.

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O crescente desenvolvimento de aplicações utilizadas por dispositivos móveis que fazem uso das tecnologias de posicionamento via satélite e comunicação móvel, juntamente com a popularização destes dispositivos, sejam eles celulares ou GPSs (Global Positioning System) automotivos reforçam ainda mais a necessidade de representação e o entendimento a cerca das entidades móveis retratadas nestes dispositivos e incentivam estudos que forneçam um significado maior do que a simples representação posicional destas entidades. Considera-se neste trabalho, que estas entidades móveis são veículos rastreados via satélite que fornecem sua posição espacial, determinada por um par de coordenadas geográficas (latitude e longitude), coletadas em intervalos de tempo regulares para sistemas AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location) que são responsáveis pelo monitoramento do estado destes veículos. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidas funções para a previsão da localização e geração de padrões dos veículos monitorados por sistemas AVL. Para tanto, as paradas efetuadas pelos veículos irão definir regiões comuns de parada ocorridas durante um intervalo de tempo passado e serão consideradas como um padrão de localização, enquanto que as trajetórias serão utilizadas para definir o padrão de movimentação. Os relacionamentos topológicos que estes padrões possuem irão definir por meio de condições espaciais/direcionais e temporais quais serão as regiões de paradas consideradas como prováveis destinos, a partir de outra região de parada, considerada como origem e, permitirão a geração de matrizes com valores de frequências relativas que consideram o número de visitas que uma região recebe a partir da outra. O que possibilita extrair valores de probabilidade condicional para cada destino provável. Portanto, a metodologia proposta e as funções desenvolvidas que foram validadas em experimentos, que utilizaram dados reais de rastreamento, fornecem uma camada inicial de inteligência aos sistemas AVL, que proporciona aos controladores destes sistemas utilizarem consultas preditivas, identificarem mais facilmente anomalias de comportamento, que possam evidenciar alguma ocorrência incomum na movimentação do veículo, além de aumentar a segurança dos veículos que possuem um dispositivo de rastreamento por meio da definição de padrões inerentes ao veículo.
The increasing development of applications used by mobile devices that make use of the technologies of satellite positioning and mobile communications, along with the popularity of these devices, whether cell phones or GPS\'s (Global Positioning System) automotive further reinforce the need for representation and understanding about the mobile entities represent in these devices and encourage studies that provide a greater meaning than the simple positional representation of these entities. It is considered in this work that these entities are tracked vehicles that provide satellite spatial position, determined by a pair of coordinates (latitude and longitude), collected at regular time intervals for systems AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location) that are responsible for monitoring the state of these vehicles. In this work, functions have been developed to predict the location and pattern generation of vehicles monitored by AVL systems. Accordingly, these stops will define common regions of the stop occurred during a period of time past and will be considered as the pattern location, while the trajectories are used to define the pattern of movement of the vehicle. The topological relationships that have these patterns define conditions through spatial/directional and temporal, which are stops regions considered as probable destinations from another stop region, regarded as origin and allow the generation of matrices with values of frequencies on considering the number of visits that region receives from the other. What makes it possible to extract values of conditional probability for each likely destination. Therefore, the proposed methodology and functions developed that been validated in experiments using real data to tracking provide a initial layer of intelligence to the AVL system that gives drivers of these systems use predictive queries, more easily identify behavioral abnormalities that may show some unusual occurrence in moving the vehicle, in addition to increasing the safety of vehicles which have a tracking device by setting patterns relating to the vehicle.

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46

Griese, Marcelo George. "Análise de desempenho do LoRa em aplicação de fiscalização eletrônica de veículos com RFID." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2018.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Henrique Kleinschmidt
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia da Informação, Santo André, 2018.
Em 2006 o governo brasileiro instituiu o sistema nacional de identificação automática de veículos (SINIAV), cujo objetivo principal é fiscalizar todos os veículos através da tecnologia de identificação por rádio frequência (RFID). Entretanto, esse projeto tem um grande desafio tecnológico com relação a conectividade e transmissão de dados quando aplicado dentro das cidades, o que pode dificultar sua escalabilidade. Por isso, o objetivo dessa dissertação é estudar a viabilidade técnica do uso do LoRa para a transmissão dos dados provenientes da fiscalização eletrônica de veículos através de RFID. Então, uma análise de desempenho de um sistema composto por uma antena RFID, para realizar as leituras das tags, e um transmissor LoRa, para enviar essas leituras a um gateway conectado à internet, foi realizado e as métricas de taxa de perda de pacotes (PER) e taxa de envio de pacotes (throughput) da transmissão do LoRa foram medidas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que em determinados cenários é possível obter uma taxa de perda de pacotes abaixo de 20% e uma taxa de envio de pacotes acima de 60 envios por minuto, o que torna o uso do LoRa uma tecnologia viável para essa aplicação de fiscalização e outras aplicações relacionadas à sistemas inteligentes de transporte (ITS).
In 2006, the Brazilian government instituted the national system of automatic vehicle identification (SINIAV), whose main objective is to control all vehicles through radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. However, this project has a great technological challenge regarding connectivity and data transmission when applied within cities, which may hinder its scalability. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to study the technical feasibility of the use of LoRa for the transmission of data from the electronic surveillance of vehicles through RFID. Then, a performance analysis of a system composed of an RFID antenna to perform the readings of the tags and a LoRa transmitter to send those readings to a gateway connected to the Internet was performed and the packet loss rate metrics (PER) and LoRa transmission throughput rates were measured. The results show that in certain scenarios it is possible to obtain a packet loss rate of less than 20% and a packet sending rate of more than 60 packets per minute, which makes the use of LoRa a viable technology for this enforcement application and other applications related to Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).

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47

Dambrauskienė, Daiva. "Klaipėdos miesto subalansuota susisiekimo sistema." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040721_155814-45506.

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The subject of the work is Sustaqinable transportation system in Klaipeda city. The work covers the analysis of the importance of the transportation system in Klaipeda city in the context of global transportation system in Lithuania and EU. It provides with a number of soliutions corresponding to the provisions of White Paper on European Transport policy for 2010 and designed to achieve the sustainability of the existing transportation system. The progressive management of the transportation system invoking strategies and principles of the sustainable policy is proposed as one of the main soliutions for sustainable transportation. The establishment of a unified automatic ticketing system and an innovative transport mode is also proposed for the optimization of the operation of public transport in Klaipeda city. The work includes the research on the formation and the structure of parking places in the central part of Klaipeda city. The action plan and detailed, feasible solutions are proposed for the systematic development of the parking places. Sustainabgle transportation system in Klaipeda city is shaped with a view of creating proper conditions for both society and environment, harmonizing their interaction, and proposing strategy of sustainable transportation system suitable for unique surroundings of the city.

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Minoiu, Enache Nicoleta. "Assistance préventive à la sortie de voie." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364073.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est le développement et l'implantation d'une assistance active pour l'évitement des sorties involontaires de la voie de circulation. Les caractéristiques de cette assistance se déclinent ainsi : - intervention dans les moments d'inactivité du conducteur alors que la sortie de voie devient imminente et rétablissement de la situation de maintien de voie, - action partagée avec le conducteur sur la direction du véhicule, - fonctionnement sur des routes à faible et à forte courbure, - efficacité quelle que soit la qualité de la route, à forte ou à faible adhérence.

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Tatíček, Vojtěch. "Konstrukce transportního vozíku s robotem nebo nosičem palet." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400969.

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The aim of this work was to design the construction of transport equipment under industrial robot, pallet holder or other equipment. This manipulation device can be moved in one axis on a rigid guide. The device is designed for use in a linear manufacturing system for handling workpieces and tools. It is capable of operating two rows of machines when it is placed in the middle. The main function of this device is to extend the workspace to the carried devices. This type of construction can be used in combination with an industrial robot for other technological tasks such as welding or light machining. The main parts of this device include statically mounted beds that can be stacked behind each other to form optionally long conveyor paths and a positioning plate that moves along the path formed by these beds. An industrial robot, pallet holder or other device is attached to this positioning plate. In addition to the design itself, the thesis also includes a thorough research of the issue, further possibilities of solution in the form of concepts, verification of the structure by means of calculations and simulations and implementation of the solution into a specific production cell.

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Bednář, Vojtěch. "Rekonstrukce elektrické části vytloukacího roštu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241115.

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This Diploma work is concerned with the design of project documentation for discharging shakeout machine electric installation. This work continues in the Semestral project 2 in which the background of a new machine was made. Then, this work deals with the replacement of a switch room with required devices including the design of a new connecting cables and power streams. In the first part, the work deals with the control part of the device and the design of control and signal cables including the product documentation of the device. In the second part, the work deals with the proposal of building electro installation in which a new lighting and its use is described. The last part focuses on the coordination during the realization of a suggested device. In this part, all problems coming from the particular working procedures including a proposal of possible solutions are described. According to the project documentation and following realization, the documentation of final concept reflecting the real status of the device is described.

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