Статті в журналах: "Autologous chondrocyte implantation"

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Jones, Deryk G., and Lars Peterson. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 88, no. 11 (November 2006): 2501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200611000-00025.

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Minas, Tom, Takahiro Ogura, and Tim Bryant. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." JBJS Essential Surgical Techniques 6, no. 2 (June 22, 2016): e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.st.16.00018.

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Harris, Joshua D., Robert A. Siston, Xueliang Pan, and David C. Flanigan. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 92, no. 12 (September 2010): 2220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.j.00049.

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Cole, Brian J., and Mike D'Amato. "Autologous chondrocyte implantation." Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics 11, no. 2 (April 2001): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1048-6666(01)80021-5.

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Henderson, Ian, Patrick Lavigne, Herminio Valenzuela, and Barry Oakes. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 455 (February 2007): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000238829.42563.56.

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Min, Byoung-Hyun, and Kyung-Soo Oh. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Techniques in Knee Surgery 9, no. 2 (June 2010): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/btk.0b013e3181e0e349.

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Cluett, Jonathan C., James C. Kasper, Bert R. Mandelbaum, and Kai Mithoefer. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Techniques in Knee Surgery 5, no. 3 (September 2006): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.btk.0000234077.86516.80.

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Browne, Jon E., Thomas M. Sasser, and Thomas P. Branch. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Techniques in Knee Surgery 5, no. 4 (December 2006): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.btk.0000236411.77051.81.

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Williams, Joseph J. "AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTE IMPLANTATION." Southern Medical Journal 91, Supplement (October 1998): S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199810001-00175.

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Goldberg, A. J., D. A. Lee, D. L. Bader, and G. Bentley. "Autologous chondrocyte implantation." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 87-B, no. 1 (January 2005): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.87b1.14154.

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Gillogly, Scott D. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 11, no. 4 (December 2003): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132585-200311040-00007.

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Peterson, Lars, Haris S. Vasiliadis, Mats Brittberg, and Anders Lindahl. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 38, no. 6 (February 24, 2010): 1117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509357915.

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Welch, Tyler, Bert Mandelbaum, and Minas Tom. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 24, no. 2 (June 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jsa.0000000000000115.

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RIEGGER-KRUGH, CHERYL L., ERIC C. MCCARTY, MITCHEL S. ROBINSON, and DAVID A. WEGZYN. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, no. 2 (February 2008): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815cb228.

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Fu, Freddie H., David Zurakowski, Jon E. Browne, Bert Mandelbaum, Christoph Erggelet, J. Bruce Moseley, Allen F. Anderson, and Lyle J. Micheli. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation versus Debridement for Treatment of Full-Thickness Chondral Defects of the Knee." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 11 (November 2005): 1658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546505275148.

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Background Studies that compare the effectiveness of different cartilage repair treatments are needed to update treatment algorithms. Hypothesis Autologous chondrocyte implantation provides greater improvement in overall condition score than does debridement at a minimum of 3 years’ follow-up. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Cohorts for debridement and autologous chondrocyte implantation each included 58 Cartilage Repair Registry patients who met study criteria. A retrospective analysis was performed on prospectively collected baseline and follow-up data. Results Patients in the autologous chondrocyte implantation and debridement groups had similar demographics and chondral lesions at baseline. However, more autologous chondrocyte implantation patients failed a previous debridement or marrow stimulation procedure than did debridement patients. Follow-up outcome assessments were completed by 54 autologous chondrocyte implantation patients and 42 debridement patients. Eighty-one percent of the autologous chondrocyte implantation patients and 60% of the debridement patients reported median improvements of 5 points and 2 points, respectively, in the overall condition score. Autologous chondrocyte implantation patients also reported greater improvements in the median pain and swelling scores than did debridement patients. The treatment failure rate was the same for both autologous chondrocyte implantation and debridement patients. Eighteen autologous chondrocyte implantation patients and 1 debridement patient had at least 1 subsequent operation. Conclusion Although patients treated with debridement for symptomatic, large, focal, chondral defects of the distal femur had some functional improvement at follow-up, patients who received autologous chondrocyte implantations obtained higher levels of knee function and had greater relief from pain and swelling at 3 years.

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Muellner, Thomas, Andreas Knopp, Tom C. Ludvigsen, and Lars Engebretsen. "Failed Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 29, no. 4 (July 2001): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290042301.

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Hinckel, Betina B., and Andreas H. Gomoll. "Autologous Chondrocytes and Next-Generation Matrix-Based Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Clinics in Sports Medicine 36, no. 3 (July 2017): 525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2017.02.008.

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Hirschmüller, Anja, Heiner Baur, Sepp Braun, Peter C. Kreuz, Norbert P. Südkamp, and Philipp Niemeyer. "Rehabilitation After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Isolated Cartilage Defects of the Knee." American Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 12 (May 21, 2011): 2686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546511404204.

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Autologous chondrocyte implantation for treatment of isolated cartilage defects of the knee has become well established. Although various publications report technical modifications, clinical results, and cell-related issues, little is known about appropriate and optimal rehabilitation after autologous chondrocyte implantation. This article reviews the literature on rehabilitation after autologous chondrocyte implantation and presents a rehabilitation protocol that has been developed considering the best available evidence and has been successfully used for several years in a large number of patients who underwent autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage defects of the knee.

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GIGLIO, PEDRO NOGUEIRA, NELSON FORESTO LIZIER, DÉBORA LEVY, MARCEL FARACO SOBRADO, RICCARDO GOMES GOBBI, JOSÉ RICARDO PÉCORA, SERGIO PAULO BYDLOWSKI, and MARCO KAWAMURA DEMANGE. "AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTE IMPLANTATION IN BRAZIL." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 28, no. 3 (June 2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220202803226503.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the first series of cases of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in collagen membrane performed in Brazil. Methods: ACI was performed in 12 knees of 11 patients, aged 32.1 ± 10.9 years, with 5.3 ± 2.6 cm2 full-thickness knee cartilage lesions, with a six-month minimum follow-up. Two surgical procedures were performed: arthroscopic cartilage biopsy for isolation and expansion of chondrocytes, which were seeded onto collagen membrane and implanted in the lesion site; the characterization of cultured cells and implant was performed using immunofluorescence for type II collagen (COL2) for cell viability and electron microscopy of the implant. Clinical safety, KOOS and IKDC scores and magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated. We used repeated-measures ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons at α = 5%. Results: COL2 was identified in the cellular cytoplasm, cell viability was higher than 95% and adequate distribution and cell adhesion were found in the membrane. The median follow-up was 10.9 months (7 to 19). We had two cases of arthrofibrosis, one of graft hypertrophy and one of superficial infection as complications, but none compromising clinical improvement. KOOS and IKDC ranged from 71.2 ± 11.44 and 50.72 ± 14.10, in preoperative period, to 85.0 ± 4.4 and 70.5 ± 8.0, at 6 months (p = 0.007 and 0.005). MRI showed regenerated tissue compatible with hyaline cartilage. Conclusion: ACI in collagen membrane was feasible and safe in a short-term follow-up, presenting regenerated formation visualized by magnetic resonance imaging and improved clinical function. Level of evidence IV, Case series.

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Gibson, A. J., S. M. McDonnell, and A. J. Price. "Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics 16, no. 4 (October 2006): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.oto.2006.09.004.

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Gille, Justus, Peter Behrens, Arndt Peter Schulz, Ralf Oheim, and Benjamin Kienast. "Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." CARTILAGE 7, no. 4 (July 7, 2016): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947603516638901.

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Henderson, I., B. Tuy, and B. Oakes. "Reoperation after autologous chondrocyte implantation." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 86-B, no. 2 (March 2004): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.86b2.14324.

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Kon, Elizaveta, Giuseppe Filardo, Vincenzo Condello, Marco Collarile, Alessandro Di Martino, Claudio Zorzi, and Maurilio Marcacci. "Second-Generation Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 8 (May 19, 2011): 1668–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546511404675.

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Andriolo, Luca, Giulia Merli, Giuseppe Filardo, Maurilio Marcacci, and Elizaveta Kon. "Failure of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 25, no. 1 (March 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jsa.0000000000000137.

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Forriol, F. "Cartilage repair: autologous chondrocyte implantation." Archivio di Ortopedia e Reumatologia 124, no. 1-3 (December 2013): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10261-013-0057-y.

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Zikria, Bashir, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Ian Patten, Alex Johnson, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, John H. Wilckens, James R. Ficke, and Shadpour Demehri. "Image-Guided Chondrocyte Harvesting for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." JBJS Open Access 4, no. 2 (April 2019): e0039. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.oa.18.00039.

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Yoon, Kyoung-Ho, Jae-Young Park, Jin-Yeon Lee, EunAh Lee, Jungsun Lee, and Sang-Gyun Kim. "Costal Chondrocyte–Derived Pellet-Type Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defect." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520905565.

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Background: Because articular chondrocyte-based autologous chondrocyte implantations (ACIs) have restrictively restored articular cartilage defects, alternative cell sources as a new therapeutic option for cartilage repair have been introduced. Purpose: To assess whether implantation of a costal chondrocyte–derived pellet-type (CCP) ACI allows safe, functional, and structural restoration of full-thickness cartilage defects in the knee. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In this first-in-human study, 7 patients with symptomatic, full-thickness cartilage lesions were enrolled. The chondrocytes isolated from the patients’ costal cartilage were expanded, followed by 3-dimensional pellet culture to prepare the CCP-ACI. Implantation of the pellets was performed via minimal arthrotomy and secured with a fibrin sealant. Clinical scores, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective, Lysholm, and Tegner activity scores, were estimated preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was also performed to evaluate cartilage repair as well as to calculate the MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) score. Results: The costal chondrocytes of all patients formed homogeneous-sized pellets, which showed the characteristics of the hyaline cartilaginous tissue with lacunae-occupied chondrocytes surrounded by glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen-rich extracellular matrix. There were no treatment-related serious adverse events during the 5-year follow-up period. Significant improvements were seen in all clinical scores from preoperative baseline to the 5-year follow-up (IKDC subjective score, 34.67 to 75.86; Lysholm score, 34.00 to 85.33; Tegner activity score, 1.17 to 4.67; and MOCART score, 28.33 to 83.33). Two patients had complete defect filling on magnetic resonance imaging evaluation at 1 year. Moreover, at 5 years postoperatively, complete defect filling was observed in 4 patients, and hypertrophy or incomplete defect filling (50%-100%) was observed in 2 patients. Conclusion: The overall results of this clinical study suggest that CCP-ACI can emerge as a promising therapeutic option for articular cartilage repair with good clinical outcomes and structural regeneration and with stable results at midterm follow-up. Registration: NCT03517046 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)

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Zeifang, Felix, Doris Oberle, Corinna Nierhoff, Wiltrud Richter, Babak Moradi, and Holger Schmitt. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Using the Original Periosteum-Cover Technique versus Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 38, no. 5 (May 2010): 924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509351499.

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Trinh, Thai Q., Joshua D. Harris, Robert A. Siston, and David C. Flanigan. "Improved Outcomes With Combined Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation and Patellofemoral Osteotomy Versus Isolated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 29, no. 3 (March 2013): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2012.10.008.

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Müller, Peter E., Mehmet F. Gülecyüz, Matthias F. Pietschmann, and Thomas R. Niethammner. "High impact sport after autologous chondrocyte implantation in the knee." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 4_suppl4 (April 1, 2017): 2325967117S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00154.

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Aims and Objectives: Matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation is a well-established treatment for full cartilage defects. When to resume to high impact sports after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation is controversial. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients with cartilage defects of the knee were treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation (Novocart®3D). All patients were assessed preoperatively and after a period of 24 months with the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity score. The return to high impact sports (soccer, basketball, running, etc.) after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation was documented. Patients were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Examination Form and visual analogue scale for pain after 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: The average return to physical activities or sports after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation procedure was 10.2 months. Patients with a later return of high impact sports after 12 months showed significantly better clinical results after two years. Fifty-five percent showed an unchanged level of physical activity in the UCLA Activity score in the postoperative course. About 35% showed a lower level and 10% a higher level of physical activity. Conclusion: Resuming to high impact sport in the first 12 months after ACI procedure leads to inferior outcomes up to 24 months after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation.

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Hinckel, Betina, and Andreas Gomoll. "Patellofemoral Cartilage Restoration: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes of Autologous Chondrocytes Implantation, Matrix-Induced Chondrocyte Implantation, and Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage." Journal of Knee Surgery 31, no. 03 (October 16, 2017): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607294.

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AbstractFocal chondral defects are common in the patellofemoral (PF) joint and can significantly impair the quality of life. The autologous chondrocytes implantation (ACI) technique has evolved over the past 20 years: the first-generation technique involves the use of a periosteal patch, the second-generation technique (collagen-cover) uses a type I/III collagen membrane, and the newest third-generation technique seeds and cultivates the collagen membrane with chondrocytes prior to implantation and is referred to as matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation. Particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (PJAC) (DeNovo NT) is minced cartilage allograft from juvenile donors. A thorough physical exam is important, especially for issues affecting the PF joint, to isolate the location and source of pain, and to identify associated pathologies. Imaging studies allow further characterization of the lesions and identification of associated pathologies and alignment. Conservative management should be exhausted before proceeding with surgical treatment. Steps of surgical treatment are diagnostic arthroscopy and biopsy, chondrocytes culture and chondrocyte implantation for the three generations of ACI, and diagnostic arthroscopy and implantation for PJAC. The techniques and their outcomes will be discussed in this article.

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Nawaz, Syed Z., George Bentley, Timothy W. R. Briggs, Richard W. J. Carrington, John A. Skinner, Kieran R. Gallagher, and Baljinder S. Dhinsa. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in the Knee." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 96, no. 10 (May 2014): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.l.01695.

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Pérez-Cachafeiro, Santiago, Alberto Ruano-Raviña, José Couceiro-Follente, Jose Antonio Benedí-Alcaine, Ignacio Nebot-Sanchis, Ciriaco Casquete-Román, Santiago Bello-Prats, Gonzalo Couceiro-Sánchez, and Francisco J. Blanco. "Spanish Experience in Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Open Orthopaedics Journal, 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2010): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001004010014.

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Introduction: The Spanish Ministry of Health commissioned the Galician Agency for Health Technology Assessment to monitor and follow-up Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) used to treat chondral lesions of the knee in Spain. The objective of this monitoring was to assess efficacy and safety of the technique. Design: One-hundred and eleven consecutive patients with knee chondral lesions were included in a multi-center study between January 2001 and January 2005. ACI was used in these patients as a second-line treatment option (or a first-line treatment option if the cause was Osteocondritis dissecans). The Cincinnati score and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire were used to assess the patients’ self-reported satisfaction with the outcomes of ACI. A descriptive analysis was performed and non-parametric tests were used to establish correlations and compare results among subgroups. A multivariate analysis was also performed to measure the effect of different variables on changes in the condition of the knee. Results: Eighty men (72%) and 31 women (21%) with an age range from 16 to 49 years, underwent ACI surgery. Among these subjects, the most common previous first-line treatment was debridement (64 individuals, 74.4%). The mean size of the lesion treated with ACI was 3.82 cm2, and the most frequent location of the lesion was the inner femoral condyle (53.6%). The patient satisfaction was high or very high in 36 subjects (66.7%). Overall knee joint assessment improved from 4.32 points to 6.78. All SF-36 questionnaire categories improved, notably those related to physical condition. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that ACI is safe; however, further studies are mandated to assess the efficacy of ACI compared to alternative treatment options.

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Gomoll, Andreas H., Scott D. Gillogly, Brian J. Cole, Jack Farr, Ryan Arnold, Kristen Hussey, and Tom Minas. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in the Patella." American Journal of Sports Medicine 42, no. 5 (March 4, 2014): 1074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546514523927.

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Niethammer, Thomas R., Elem Safi, Andreas Ficklscherer, Annie Horng, Markus Feist, Isa Feist-Pagenstert, Volkmar Jansson, Matthias F. Pietschmann, and Peter E. Müller. "Graft Maturation of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 42, no. 9 (July 3, 2014): 2199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546514538756.

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Kwak, Steve K., Brian S. Kern, Richard D. Ferkel, Keith W. Chan, Sina Kasraeian, and Gregory R. Applegate. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation of the Ankle." American Journal of Sports Medicine 42, no. 9 (July 23, 2014): 2156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546514540587.

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Ruano-Ravina, A., and M. Jato Díaz. "Autologous chondrocyte implantation: a systematic review." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 14, no. 1 (January 2006): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2005.07.017.

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Nam, Ellis Kevin, Richard D. Ferkel, and Gregory R. Applegate. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation of the Ankle." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 2 (February 2009): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508325670.

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Filardo, Giuseppe, Elizaveta Kon, Alessandro Di Martino, Francesco Iacono, and Maurilio Marcacci. "Arthroscopic Second-Generation Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 10 (July 29, 2011): 2153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546511415658.

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Gillogly, Scott D., and Kris S. Wheeler. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation With Collagen Membrane." Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 23, no. 3 (September 2015): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jsa.0000000000000079.

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Gikas, P. D., L. Bayliss, G. Bentley, and T. W. R. Briggs. "An overview of autologous chondrocyte implantation." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 91-B, no. 8 (August 2009): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.91b8.21824.

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Marcacci, Maurilio, Elizaveta Kon, Stefano Zaffagnini, Giuseppe Filardo, Marco Delcogliano, Maria Pia Neri, Francesco Iacono, and Anthony P. Hollander. "Arthroscopic second generation autologous chondrocyte implantation." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 15, no. 5 (March 20, 2007): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0265-9.

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Mandelbaum, Bert R., Michael B. Gerhardt, and Lars Peterson. "Autologous chondrocyte implantation of the talus." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 19, no. 10 (December 2003): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2003.09.039.

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López-Alcorocho, Juan Manuel, Isabel Guillén-Vicente, Elena Rodríguez-Iñigo, Marta Guillén-Vicente, Tomás Fernando Fernández-Jaén, Rosa Caballero, Mercedes Casqueiro, Pilar Najarro, Steve Abelow, and Pedro Guillén-García. "Study of Telomere Length in Preimplanted Cultured Chondrocytes." CARTILAGE 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947603517749918.

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Design In the process of cell division, the extremes of the eukaryotic chromosomes are progressively shortening, and this phenomenon is related to cell degeneration and senescence. The treatment of cartilage lesions with autologous chondrocytes implies that cells proliferate in an artificial environment. We have studied the viability of cultured chondrocytes after measurement of their telomere length before implantation. Methods Articular cartilage biopsies (B1, B2, and B3) were obtained from 3 patients (2 males and 1 female) with knee cartilage defects, who were going to be treated with chondrocyte implantation. Chondrocytes were cultured in DMEM with autologous serum. After the third passage, an aliquot of 1 million cells was removed to estimate the telomere length and the remaining cells were implanted. Telomere length was measured by quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Patients’ clinical outcome was determined preoperatively, and 12 and 24 months postimplantation with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire. Results After chondrocyte implantation, IKDC score doubled at 12 and 24 months with regard to the basal value. After 3 passages, chondrocytes were cultured for a mean of 45.67 days, the mean duplication time being 4.53 days and the mean number of cell divisions being 10.04 during the culture period. The 20th percentile of telomere lengths were 6.84, 6.96, and 7.06 kbp and the median telomere lengths 10.30, 10.47, and 10.73 kbp, respectively. No significant correlation was found between IKDC score and telomere length. Conclusion Culturing autologous chondrocytes for implantation is not related to cell senescence in terms of telomere length.

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Kreuz, Peter Cornelius, Matthias Steinwachs, Christoph Erggelet, Andreas Lahm, Stefanie Krause, Christian Ossendorf, Dirk Meier, Nadir Ghanem, and Markus Uhl. "Importance of Sports in Cartilage Regeneration after Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 8 (August 2007): 1261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507300693.

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Background There have been no data in the literature reporting the influence of sports on the outcome of autologous chondrocyte implantation in chondral defects of the knee. Hypothesis Sports can improve the result of autologous chondrocyte implantation in postoperative follow-up. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Between 1997 and 2003, 118 patients with symptomatic isolated chondral lesions of the knee underwent autologous chondrocyte implantation. According to the sports activity level before the start of symptoms, patients were assigned to 2 groups: group II with no or rare sports involvement (1-3 times/month); group I with regular (1-3 times/week) or competitive sports (4-7 times/week). All patients underwent clinical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation preoperative and 6, 18, and 36 months after autologous chondrocyte implantation. Results Group I patients showed significantly better results (<.01) in the International Cartilage Repair Society and Cincinnati scores than group II patients. Preoperative evaluation revealed no correlation between the sports activity levels and the clinical scores (P > .05). However, from the sixth month on, correlation was statistically significant, increasing from 6 to 18 months, and from 18 to 36 months postoperatively. Conclusion Physical training improves long-term results after autologous chondrocyte implantation of the knee and should be carried out for at least 2 years after surgery.

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Bartlett, W., J. A. Skinner, C. R. Gooding, R. W. J. Carrington, A. M. Flanagan, T. W. R. Briggs, and G. Bentley. "Autologous chondrocyte implantationversusmatrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondral defects of the knee." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 87-B, no. 5 (May 2005): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.87b5.15905.

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Dewan, Ashvin K., Matthew A. Gibson, Jennifer H. Elisseeff, and Michael E. Trice. "Evolution of Autologous Chondrocyte Repair and Comparison to Other Cartilage Repair Techniques." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/272481.

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Articular cartilage defects have been addressed using microfracture, abrasion chondroplasty, or osteochondral grafting, but these strategies do not generate tissue that adequately recapitulates native cartilage. During the past 25 years, promising new strategies using assorted scaffolds and cell sources to induce chondrocyte expansion have emerged. We reviewed the evolution of autologous chondrocyte implantation and compared it to other cartilage repair techniques.Methods. We searched PubMed from 1949 to 2014 for the keywords “autologous chondrocyte implantation” (ACI) and “cartilage repair” in clinical trials, meta-analyses, and review articles. We analyzed these articles, their bibliographies, our experience, and cartilage regeneration textbooks.Results. Microfracture, abrasion chondroplasty, osteochondral grafting, ACI, and autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis are distinguishable by cell source (including chondrocytes and stem cells) and associated scaffolds (natural or synthetic, hydrogels or membranes). ACI seems to be as good as, if not better than, microfracture for repairing large chondral defects in a young patient’s knee as evaluated by multiple clinical indices and the quality of regenerated tissue.Conclusion. Although there is not enough evidence to determine the best repair technique, ACI is the most established cell-based treatment for full-thickness chondral defects in young patients.

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Wroble, Randall R. "Articular Cartilage Injury and Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation." Physician and Sportsmedicine 28, no. 11 (November 2000): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2000.11.1288.

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Chilelli, Brian J., Marissa R. Mastrocola, and Andreas H. Gomoll. "Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Surgical Technique and Outcomes." Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics 24, no. 4 (December 2014): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.oto.2014.05.006.

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Schindler, Oliver S. "Cartilage Repair Using Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Techniques." Journal of Perioperative Practice 19, no. 2 (February 2009): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890901900203.

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