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1
Guzik, Michelle T., Andrew D. Austin, Steven J. B. Cooper, Mark S. Harvey, William F. Humphreys, Tessa Bradford, Stefan M. Eberhard, et al. "VIEWPOINT. Is the Australian subterranean fauna uniquely diverse?" Invertebrate Systematics 24, no. 5 (2010): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is10038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Australia was historically considered a poor prospect for subterranean fauna but, in reality, the continent holds a great variety of subterranean habitats, with associated faunas, found both in karst and non-karst environments. This paper critically examines the diversity of subterranean fauna in several key regions for the mostly arid western half of Australia. We aimed to document levels of species richness for major taxon groups and examine the degree of uniqueness of the fauna. We also wanted to compare the composition of these ecosystems, and their origins, with other regions of subterranean diversity world-wide. Using information on the number of ‘described’ and ‘known’ invertebrate species (recognised based on morphological and/or molecular data), we predict that the total subterranean fauna for the western half of the continent is 4140 species, of which ~10% is described and 9% is ‘known’ but not yet described. The stygofauna, water beetles, ostracods and copepods have the largest number of described species, while arachnids dominate the described troglofauna. Conversely, copepods, water beetles and isopods are the poorest known groups with less than 20% described species, while hexapods (comprising mostly Collembola, Coleoptera, Blattodea and Hemiptera) are the least known of the troglofauna. Compared with other regions of the world, we consider the Australian subterranean fauna to be unique in its diversity compared with the northern hemisphere for three key reasons: the range and diversity of subterranean habitats is both extensive and novel; direct faunal links to ancient Pangaea and Gondwana are evident, emphasising their early biogeographic history; and Miocene aridification, rather than Pleistocene post-ice age driven diversification events (as is predicted in the northern hemisphere), are likely to have dominated Australia’s subterranean speciation explosion. Finally, we predict that the geologically younger, although more poorly studied, eastern half of the Australian continent is unlikely to be as diverse as the western half, except for stygofauna in porous media. Furthermore, based on similar geology, palaeogeography and tectonic history to that seen in the western parts of Australia, southern Africa, parts of South America and India may also yield similar subterranean biodiversity to that described here.
2
Andrijanic, S. "Geographical distribution of living planktonic foraminifera (Protozoa) off the east coast of Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 1 (1988): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major water masses found off eastern Australia can be identified by their planktonic foraminiferal faunas. A total of 83 surface and oblique plankton samples from two cruises, in spring (October) and summer (January), between Hobart at 44� S. and Townsville at 18� S. yielded 27 species belonging to four distinct faunas: 'tropical', 'warm subtropical', 'cool subtropical' and 'transitional'. The tropical fauna is characterized by Globigerinoides sacculifer at an abundance greater than 42% and the co- dominance of Globigerinoides conglobatus, and is associated with Coral Sea water of equatorial origin. The subtropical fauna can be subdivided into warm and cool elements. The warm-subtropical fauna, with G. sacculifer more abundant than Globigerinoides ruber, inhabits Coral and Tasman Sea waters. The cool-subtropical fauna is a mixture of the warm subtropical and the transitional faunas. The transitional fauna is dominated by Globorotalia inflata and Globigerina bulloides in the south Tasman Sea subantarctic waters. It characterizes the South West Tasman water as defined by Rochford (1957). These water masses can be clearly separated, and the extent of mixing determined by their foraminiferal fauna. The shifts in the boundaries between the faunal zones was evident between spring and summer. The boundary between the tropical and subtropical water corresponds to the tropical convergence and the subtropical/transitional boundary is the Tasman Front. During the spring cruise, a warm core eddy was identified by its warm subtropical foraminiferal fauna surrounded by a transitional fauna to the south and cool subtropical fauna to the north. This water body was near 32� S., which is consistent with the reported positions of eddies shed by the East Australian Current. The distribution patterns of individual species are discussed.
3
Trainor, Colin R., and Alan N. Andersen. "The ant fauna of Timor and neighbouring islands: potential bridges between the disjunct faunas of South East Asia and Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 3 (2010): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the biogeography of the ant fauna of Timor and of stepping stone Nusa Tenggara islands to the north (Wetar, Atauro, Alor, Pantar and Lembata) that are geographically closer to continental South East Asia. Timor is of outstanding biogeographical significance because it is the second largest island within the Wallacean transitional zone between the closely approximated but geologically distinct Indo-Australasian and South East Asian continental plates. It represents a potential overlap zone between the otherwise disjunct ant faunas of Australia and South East Asia. A total of 154 ant species from 32 genera and six subfamilies were collected through a combination of systematic sampling in evergreen forest, dry forest, savanna and grassland at 23 locations in the Lautem district of Timor-Leste, and opportunistic collections at 29 sites elsewhere on Timor and on the neighbouring islands. The most species-rich genera were Camponotus and Polyrhachis (both 28 species), Tetramorium (14 species), Diacamma and Paratrechina (both 8 species). On Timor, 111 ant species were recorded, including 64 species in the Lautem district. The Timor ant fauna is dominated by taxa of South East Asian origin (76% of native species), and has only weak Australian affinities (18%). The latter figure is even smaller (14%) for the neighbouring islands, reflecting their closer proximity to South East Asia. In contrast to Australia, there was no clear disjunction between the ant faunas of contrasting tropical forest and savanna habitats sampled in Lautem district. This can be explained by the Timor ant fauna being dominated by South East Asian tropical forest taxa, with Australian savanna woodland taxa being poorly represented.
4
AHYONG, SHANE T., and GARY C. B. POORE. "The Chirostylidae of southern Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)." Zootaxa 436, no. 1 (February 18, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.436.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deep-water squat lobsters, Chirostylidae, of southern Australia are reported, comprising 31 species in three genera, increasing the known Australian fauna from 8 to 34. Two species of Eumunida Smith are reported, one of which, E. capillata de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, is a new record for Australia. Four species of Gastroptychus Caullery are reported, of which G. spinirostris is described as new, and G. hendersoni Alcock and G. sternoornatus Van Dam are new Australian records. A key to the Indo-West Pacific species of Gastroptychus is given. The known Australian fauna of Uroptychus Henderson is markedly increased from 4 to 26. Twenty-five species of Uroptychus are reported from the southern Australia. Twenty species of Uroptychus are described as new and two are reported for the first time from Australian waters. A key to the 26 known Australian species of Uroptychus is given. Uroptychus latirostris Yokoya from Japan, is removed from synonymy of U. cavirostris Alcock, from the Andaman Sea. The results of the present study indicate that the southern Australian chirostylid fauna is considerably more diverse than indicated by previous studies.
5
Sewell, Kim B., and Robert J. G. Lester. "Stock composition and movement of gemfish, Rexea solandri, as indicated by parasites." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, S1 (August 1, 1995): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The parasite fauna of gemfish, Rexea solandri, from seven areas off southern Australia, was examined for evidence of isolated gemfish populations. Canonical multivariate analyses of data on larval nematodes (Anisakis spp. and Terranova sp.), cestode plerocercoids (Hepatoxylon trichiuri and Nybelinia sp.), acanthocephalans (Rhadinorhynchus sp. and Corynosoma sp.), and a hemiuroid digenean from a total of 763 gemfish showed that the parasite faunas of fish from eastern Australia were similar except for a sample taken off New South Wales at the end of the spawning season whose affinities are unknown. Fish from South Australia had similar parasite faunas to those collected from eastern Australia, suggesting that fish from the eastern and western Bass Strait belong to the same stock. Fish collected from the Great Australian Bight were distinct from the southern and eastern fish. Differences in parasite fauna were detected between samples taken within the spawning season and those taken from the same locations outside the spawning season, presumably a result of the spawning migration.
6
Martin, K. C., and W. J. Freeland. "Herpetofauna of a northern Australian monsoon rain forest: seasonal changes and relationships to adjacent habitats." Journal of Tropical Ecology 4, no. 3 (August 1988): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThe herpetofauna of a floodplain monsoon rain forest in northern Australia is composed primarily of species from non rain forest habitats. The majority of frog species use rain forest as a seasonal refuge, and there is a marked increase in numbers during the dry season. Faunal richness lies within limits expected on the basis of the length of the dry season and species richnesses of non-Australian faunas. There are few lizard species and an abundance of frog species (none of which is a rain forest specialist) in comparison to rain forest herpetofaunas in other tropical regions. The impoverished lizard fauna, and the paucity of rain forest specialists may be because (a) seasonal invasion of rain forest by frogs prevents evolution of, or colonization by, specialists or (b) rain forest specialists may not have been able to cross semiarid habitats separating the Northern Territory from eastern Australian rain forests. The herpetofaunas of monsoon forests in Cape York Peninsula may provide a means of distinguishing between these hypotheses.
7
Meyer, MDe, and P. Grootaert. "Pipunculidae (Diptera) from Australia: the genera Cephalops Fallén and Beckerias Aczél." Invertebrate Systematics 6, no. 1 (1992): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9920143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pipunculid representatives of the genera Cephalops and Beckerias in Australia are revised. Eight species, of which six (Cephalops ariadneae, sp. nov., C. caeruleimontanus, sp. nov., C. cochleatus, sp. nov., C. flaviventris, sp. nov., C. robustus, sp. nov., and C. terraereginensis, sp. nov.) are new to science, are recognised. Three species, formerly placed under Cephalops, are placed in new generic combinations: Microcephalops anthracias (Perkins), M. homoeophanes (Perkins) and M. microdes (Perkins). The relationship of the Australian fauna with other adjacent faunas is discussed, and the phylogenetic relationship of the species is reviewed. A key for the Australian Cephalops and Beckerias species is provided.
8
R. Morton, S. "Fading Fauna." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (1997): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We should take heart from the fact that the continuing decline of the Australian fauna is now well known in public circles. The pressure of human activities remains a formidable problem for those interested in the conservation of our animals ? but at least now very many people know about it. For this reason, there are some grounds for discussing further documentation and discussion of the decline in a celebratory fashion, and it is in this mood that I read the most recent special issue of the Australian Zoologist. No longer are we, the specialists, shouting into the void. Now, many others are listening, and we can anticipate that gradually they will also be roused to action.
9
Gunter, Nicole L., Geoff B. Monteith, Stephen L. Cameron, and Tom A. Weir. "Evidence from Australian mesic zone dung beetles supports their Gondwanan origin and Mesozoic diversification of the Scarabaeinae." Insect Systematics & Evolution 50, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 162–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-00002171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The evolution of dung beetles remains contentious with two hypotheses reflecting Cretaceous and Paleogene origins driven by different methods. We explore biogeographic evidence and phylogeographic origins against vicariance and dispersal scenarios that attribute to the four elements of the Australian fauna using a multi-gene approach. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses supported the Australasian clade, composed of almost all Australian, New Caledonian and New Zealand endemic genera (to the exclusion of Boletoscapter). Two Australian lineages with east-west splits and few lineages with restricted, non-overlapping distrbution were identified, and biogeography models provided evidence that vicariance and founder event speciation are important processes in the diversification of Australasian scarabaeines. Our phylogenetic results are largely congruent with a mid-Cretaceous origin of the Australasian clade, the tectonic history of Gondwanaland and climatic history of the Australian continent, and provide compelling evidence that Australian dung beetles are a relictual fauna whose history is linked to mesic zone fragmentation.
10
Sandy, Michael R. "Cretaceous brachiopods from James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula, and their paleobiogeographic affinities." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 03 (May 1991): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000030377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Articulate brachiopods from the Aptian–Coniacian (Kotick Point and Whisky Bay Formations, Gustav Group) and the Santonian–Campanian (Santa Marta Formation, Marambio Group) of James Ross Island are described. A new terebratulid species,Rectithyris whiskyin. sp., is described from the late Albian–early Coniacian of the Whisky Bay Formation. The record from the late Albian is supported by palynological evidence making it contemporaneous with other species ofRectithyrisfrom Europe. The relative abundance ofRectithyris whiskyin. sp. in late Turonian to early Coniacian sections indicates an extended biohorizon that may aid biostratigraphic correlation in the James Ross Island region.The brachiopods have some affinities with faunas described from Europe, northern Siberia, North America, Madagascar, southern India, Western Australia, and Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Elements of the James Ross Island brachiopod fauna probably migrated by the following routes: 1) from northern high latitudes via the Eastern Pacific; 2) from Europe via the north and central Atlantic and opening south Atlantic Ocean; and 3) via Eastern Tethys, the East African Seaway, to the south Atlantic Ocean. Brachiopod evidence supports a fully marine connection between the central Atlantic and south Atlantic Ocean (Route 2) possibly as early as the late Albian (as do ammonite faunas from western Africa), and certainly by the late Turonian. Route 3 was established in the Cretaceous by the Aptian?–Albian to eastern Africa and Madagascar and to the Antarctic Peninsula by the late Turonian. Faunal links between James Ross Island and Western Australia support the Late Cretaceous juxtaposition of these plates.A distinct austral brachiopod fauna may be present in the Cretaceous from the Aptian onwards (although current evidence is scant). Antarctic Peninsular and Western Australian faunas yield five brachiopod genera (and their species) endemic to Gondwanaland's southern marine fauna. Other genera known from the Antarctic Peninsula (Kingena, Ptilorhynchia, andRectithyris) and the Northern Hemisphere may have species endemic to Gondwanaland.
11
WATSON, JEANETTE E. "Some Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Great Australian Bight in the collection of the South Australian Museum." Zootaxa 4410, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4410.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report adds to knowledge of the shelf hydroid fauna of the Great Australian Bight. Hydroids were collected by the South Australian Museum and Department of Primary Industries of South Australia (PIRSA). Well known species are annotated, poorly known species are redescribed and four new species are described.
12
Richardson, Alastair. "Body Size in Freshwater Crayfish: An Intercontinental Comparison." Freshwater Crayfish 24, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5869/fc.2019.v24-1.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Body sizes (overall length) of 125 Australian and 230 North American freshwater crayfish were extracted from the literature in order to compare the two major radiations of freshwater crayfish. The size distribution of Australian species is strongly skewed to the right and contains at least 13 species that exceed the maximum size of North American crayfish, however the median size class (74 mm) is the same for both faunas. When the burrowing habits of each species are overlain on the distribution, the Australian fauna is shown to have a higher proportion of primary burrowers, and these are significantly smaller than North American primary burrowers. These differences are discussed in terms of the perceived absence of large predators in Australia, and the long term drying and unpredictability of the Australian climate, but no firm causes can be deduced.
13
McElhinny, C., P. Gibbons, C. Brack, and J. Bauhus. "Fauna-habitat relationships: a basis for identifying key stand structural attributes in temperate Australian eucalypt forests and woodlands." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 2 (2006): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We review a representative sample of the literature concerning fauna-habitat relationships in temperate Australian eucalypt forests and woodlands as a basis for identifying some key stand structural attributes in these ecosystems. Our review identifies 56 studies in south-east and south-west Australia in which the presence or abundance of different fauna were significantly associated with vegetation structural attributes at the scale of a stand. The majority of these studies concern bird, arboreal mammal, and ground mammal habitat requirements, with relatively few studies addressing the habitat requirements of reptiles, invertebrates, bats or amphibians. We identify 34 key structural attributes from these 56 studies, by grouping similar attributes, and then representing each group with a single generic attribute. Relatively few of these attributes are incorporated into indices used to quantify fauna habitat. We highlight the need for a quantitative method for selecting which key attributes should form the basis for an index of structural complexity or other surrogate measure of faunal diversity.
14
Cumming, S. "Forest Issues 2: Conserving Hollow-dependent Fauna in Timber-production Forests (Environmental Heritage Monograph Series No 3)." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 4 (1998): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the absence of primary excavators, such as woodpeckers, the formation of tree-hollows suitable for occupation by hollow-dependent fauna in Australia may take several hundred years. However, intervals between logging operations in timberproduction forests are typically between 40 and 120 years with the result that hollow-dependent fauna are threatened over large areas of Australia's eucalypt forests. Many species of mammals, birds and invertebrates depend upon tree hollows for dens, roosting or nesting, and habitat. Therefore, there is a strong need to retain and conserve suitable hollowbearing trees within Australian forests in the face of increasingly more intensive and destructive timber harvesting practices.
15
Mella, Valentina S. A., Clare McArthur, Robert Frend, and Mathew S. Crowther. "Foxes in trees: a threat for Australian arboreal fauna?" Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 1 (2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We document the first evidence of tree climbing by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Australia. Camera traps recorded foxes in trees on the Liverpool Plains, New South Wales. This finding prompts a reassessment of the impact that this invasive predator has on Australian fauna: from purely terrestrial to also potentially arboreal.
16
Clay, RE, and AN Andersen. "Ant Fauna of a Mangrove Community in the Australian Seasonal Tropics, With Particular Reference to Zonation." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 5 (1996): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ant fauna of Australia's tropical rainforests is composed primarily of Indo-Malayan taxa, and is remarkably disjunct from the surrounding savanna ant fauna, which is dominated by autochthonous, arid-adapted species. Mangrove communities, which like the rainforests have closed canopies, are major components of the Australian tropics; however, their ant faunas remain poorly known, despite ants being the dominant insect group in them. This paper describes the ant fauna of a mangrove community in Darwin Harbour, and compares it with the regional savanna and rainforest fauna. Ants were sampled at baits located on the ground, foliage, and tree trunks, along three transects following the elevation/tidal gradient. Sixteen ant species were recorded in mangroves, including three savanna species, six rainforest species (one, Monomorium ?turneri, not previously recorded in Northern Territory), five habitat generalists, and two species restricted to mangroves, Polyrhachis constricta and P. sokolova, which remarkably nest in intertidal sediments and are subject to inundation. Species of Crematogaster and Polyrhachis were most abundant, and Polyrhachis was the richest genus with six species. The biogeographical affinities of the ant fauna were very similar to those of local rainforest faunas, but with a higher incidence (50%) of obligately arboreal species. Five of the Polyrhachis species occurred in distinct zones along the elevational/tidal gradient, thus exhibiting the zonation so characteristic of mangrove plant species, although the ant zonation did not appear to be mediated by floristic changes. Potential causes of this zonation are both abiotic and biotic, but their relative importances remain a matter of conjecture.
17
Pérez, Leandro M., Juan López-Gappa, and Miguel Griffin. "New and little-known bryozoans from Monte León Formation (early Miocene, Argentina) and their paleobiogeographic relationships." Journal of Paleontology 89, no. 6 (November 2015): 956–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2015.64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe bryozoan fauna from the South American Cenozoic is poorly known. The study of new material collected in the Monte León Formation (early Miocene), gave us the opportunity to describe four new species: Valdemunitella canui n. sp., Foveolaria praecursor n. sp., Neothoa reptans n. sp., and Calyptotheca santacruzana n. sp. Two of them (V. canui and C. santacruzana) were first recorded by F. Canu and interpreted as recent species from the Australian bryozoan fauna, but are herein described as new species. The stratigraphic range of Otionella parvula (Canu, 1904) is extended to the early Miocene. The present study emphasizes the close relationships between the South American Neogene bryozoan faunas and those of other Gondwanan sub-continents such as New Zealand and Australia.
18
Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P., Steven J. B. Cooper, and Andrew D. Austin. "Three new species of Dolichogenidea Viereck (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Australia with exceptionally long ovipositors." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 64 (June 25, 2018): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.64.25219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subfamily Microgastrinae contains an extraordinarily rich diversity of parasitoid wasps which parasitise larval lepidopterans. The Australian fauna has generally been poorly studied, particularly for the very speciose genera. One such genus is Dolichogenidea Vierek, which in Australia is known from only six described species. Here we describe three new species of Dolichogenidea from Australia, which are distinguished by possessing extremely long ovipositors compared with the typical form for the genus. These are D.finchi Fagan-Jeffries & Austin, sp. n., D.mediocaudata Fagan-Jeffries & Austin, sp. n., and D.xenomorph Fagan-Jeffries & Austin, sp. n. In describing these new species we also discuss relationships within the genus, and the diversity and biology of the Australian fauna.
19
Muona, J. "The eucnemidae of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific — a biogeographical study." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 1 (1991): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eighty-nine eucnemid genera occur in the region from South-east Asia to the south-west Pacific. The phylogenies of 84 of these were used together with the present-day distributions of the species to analyse the biogeographical history of the area. Fifty-seven genera shared a pattern coinciding with the traditional model of Laurasia–Gondwana break-up. Six genera showed a pattern contradicting the model. The remaining 21 genera neither supported nor refuted the model. Twenty-five genera were observed to include an Indomalesian clade younger than the South America–Australia connection. This biogeographical unit consisted of present-day South-east Asia and the Sunda islands, but did not include the Philippine Islands and Sulawesi. In addition to this Indomalesian clade, three separate clades involving northern Australia or New Guinea were observed, New Guinea–Australia, New Guinea–Philippines–Sulawesi and New Guinea–Fiji. The possible presence of four separate areas in the general region of New Guinea–north Australia as the result of the Cretaceous geological events is suggested. Three of these, in the area of present-day New Guinea, originally sharing sister-groups with the north-eastern Australian isolate, are regarded as the sources of the New Guinea–Indomalesia, New Guinea–Philippines and New Guinea–Fiji faunas after northward drifting of the Australian continent. During the Oligocene–Miocene these source areas were flooded and their original fauna lost. When the present-day New Guinea emerged, it was invaded from the north-eastern Australian region. This invasion created new New Guinea–Australia connections and brought in the sister-groups of the old New Guinea source areas as well. The eucnemids of Vanuatu, Samoa and Tonga are regarded as having originated in connection with dispersal from Fiji. The New Zealand fauna has strong, old connections with that of south-eastern Australia, but other complex connections are indicated. The Eocene Baltic Amber fauna agrees well with the results obtained from extant species. The species belonging to five fossil genera belong to Gondwanan groups that seem to have invaded the Holarctic via Central America. Four other fossil genera showing discordant patterns belong to the group of six genera exhibiting these aberrant patterns even today. The eucnemid fauna of the region is of Gondwanic origin. Only six Laurasian genera have invaded the area, all of them apparently quite recently.
20
Łukowiak, Magdalena. "Fossil and modern sponge fauna of southern Australia and adjacent regions compared: interpretation, evolutionary and biogeographic significance of the late Eocene ‘soft’ sponges." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08501002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The late Eocene ‘soft’ sponge fauna of southern Australia is reconstructed based on disassociated spicules and is used to interpret the paleoecology and environmental context of shallow marine communities in this region. The reconstructed sponge association was compared with coeval sponge assemblages from the Oamaru Diatomite, New Zealand, and with the modern ‘soft’ sponge fauna of southern coastal of Australia. Based on the predominance of shallow- and moderately shallow-water species, the late Eocene assemblage is interpreted to have inhabited waters depths of about 100 m. This contrast with the spicule assemblage from New Zealand, which characterized deeper waters based on the presence of numerous strictly deepwater sponge taxa, and the absence of spicules of shallow-water demosponges represented in the Australian material. The southern Australian Eocene sponge assemblages have clear Tethyan affinities evidenced by the occurrence of sponges known today from diverse regions. This distribution suggests much wider geographical ranges of some sponge taxa during the Eocene. Their present distributions may be relictual. The modern sponge fauna inhabiting southern Australian waters shows only moderate differences from these of the late Eocene. Differences are more pronounced at lower taxonomic levels (family and genus).
21
Turner, Lesia. "The Fauna of King Island A guide to identification and conservation management." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 2 (2005): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The spread of European settlement across the Australian continent has affected not only the faunal and floristic components of the mainland, but has also influenced our island assemblages of native animals. The Fauna of King Island; a guide to identification and conservation management, provides an overview of the history, ecology and conservation management of the King Island fauna. The book discusses both vertebrate and invertebrate fauna for the terrestrial and freshwater habitats of the island and serves as a foundation for identification and management.
22
E. Fox, Robert. "Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna (second edition)." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 1 (2005): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When I reviewed the first edition of this volume I expressed the hope that there would be a second edition. However, had I any inkling of the prodigious amount of work which the second edition must have caused the editor Dan Lunney, I may have been a little less forthright. The first edition of Conservation of Australia?s Forest Fauna published in 1991 created not only a treasure trove of relevant information but also a benchmark in Australian conservation. Forest Fauna 2nd ed. constitutes an updated and vastly expanded benchmark by presenting a snapshot of the contemporary state of forest conservation science in Australia.
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THONGPHAK, DUANGRAT, and QIAO WANG. "Phylogeny and distribution of the Australian longicorn beetle genus Uracanthus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)." Zootaxa 1958, no. 1 (December 8, 2008): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1958.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Australia genus Uracanthus consists of 39 species and its larvae are known to be borers of at least 31 genera of trees and parasitic plants in 15 families (Asteraceae, Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Loranthaceae, Myrtaceae, Pittosporaceae, Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Xanthorrhoeaceae), including some economically important crops such as citrus, litchi, peach, plum, and apricot. The phylogeny and biogeographic distribution of the genus were investigated in this paper. Here, the monophylies of the genus and seven species groups are inferred based on morphological characters of 39 ingroup and four outgroup species. However, several species groups still need additional steps to become monophyletic and are currently considered paraphyletic. The Uracanthus fauna occur in five biogeographic subregions: the Kosciuskan, Western and Eyrean in southern and central Australia, and the Torresian and Timorian in northern Australia. The fauna are richest with highest endemism in the Kosciuskan and Western. The Kosciuskan and Western are similar in faunal composition and closely related; the Eyrean has probably acted as a faunal exchange transit area between the Kosciuskan and Western, and the two northern Australian subregions have no endemic species. When the areas of endemism of each species are attached to the proposed phylogenetic tree, a clear picture of the distribution patterns of species groups in relation to phylogeny is obtained. It is suggested that the speciation and species radiation of Uracanthus may have occurred first in the Kosciuskan, then in the Western, and finally in the Eyrean, Torresian, and Timorian.
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AHYONG, SHANE T., and GARY C. B. POORE. "Deep-water Galatheidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from southern and eastern Australia." Zootaxa 472, no. 1 (March 23, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.472.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Twenty-nine species in five genera of deep-water Galatheidae are reported from southern and eastern Australia increasing the known Australian galatheid fauna from 55 to 74. Species of Paramunida and Agononida are reported for the first time from southern Australia, with a new species of each described, P. antipodes and A. procera. Seven new species of Munida are described (M. aequalis, M. asprosoma, M. chydaea, M. endeavourae, M. isos, M. kapala, and M. spinicruris) increasing the number of known Australian species from 12 to 19. Four new species of Munidopsis are described (Ms. kensleyi, Ms. proales, Ms. tasmaniae, Ms. treis) and three species are newly recorded from Australia (Ms. centrina, Ms. dasypus, Ms. subsquamosa) increasing the known fauna from 11 to 18. Previous records of Ms. dasypus are based on Ms. kensleyi, but we include the first reliable record of M. dasypus from Australia. Previous records of Munida japonica from Australia are referable to M. rogeri Macpherson. Previous Australian records of Munida microps Alcock are referable to two new species, M. endeavourae and M. isos. Previous Australian records of Ms. dasypus are referable to Ms. kensleyi. Raymunida formosanus Lin, Chan & Chu is reported for the first time from Australia. Alcock s (1894) Munida squamosa var. prolixa is recognised as a distinct species of Agononida.
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Godthelp, Henk, Michael Archer, Richard Cifelli, Suzanne J. Hand, and Coral F. Gilkeson. "Earliest known Australian Tertiary mammal fauna." Nature 356, no. 6369 (April 1992): 514–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/356514a0.
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LÖCKER, BIRGIT, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, and GEOFF M. GURR. "Taxonomic revision of the Australian Eucarpiini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) with the description of nine new species." Zootaxa 2425, no. 1 (April 13, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2425.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Australian planthopper tribe Eucarpiini is revised taxonomically. Five genera are recognised in the Australia fauna: Bajauana Distant 1907, Dilacreon Fennah, 1980, Kirbyana Distant, 1906, Neocarpia Tsaur & Hsu, 2003 and Nesochlamys Kirkaldy, 1907. Except for Bajauana all of these represent new records for Australia. Eucarpia Walker, 1857 is declared absent from Australia. Twelve species, nine of which are new, are recognised in the Australian fauna: Bajauana acuminata, sp. nov., Dilacreon akethe, sp. nov., D. ispi, sp. nov., Neocarpia rhizophorae, sp. nov., Nesochlamys capensis, sp. nov., N. contrarius, sp. nov., N. jubatus, sp. nov., N. pandikros, sp. nov. and N. yiralli, sp. nov. Except for Bajauana austrina (Kirkaldy, 1907) and D. (D.) granulinervis, all species are endemic to Australia. Lectotypes are designated for Australoma austrina Kirkaldy, 1907, Ptoleria australis Muir, 1913 and P. granulinervis Muir, 1913. New combinations proposed are: Dilacreon (Dilacreon) granulinervis (Muir, 1913) comb. nov. (from Eucarpia), Kirbyana australis (Muir, 1913) comb. nov. (from Eucarpia) and Leptolamia praetextata comb. nov. (from Bajauana, transfer from Eucarpiini to Cixiini). All Australian species of Eucarpiini are described and illustrated and identification keys to genera and species are provided.
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Williams, Richard J., Carl-Henrik Wahren, Arn D. Tolsma, Glenn M. Sanecki, Warwick A. Papst, Bronwyn A. Myers, Keith L. McDougall, Dean A. Heinze, and Ken Green. "Large fires in Australian alpine landscapes: their part in the historical fire regime and their impacts on alpine biodiversity." International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 6 (2008): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fires of summer 2003 in south-eastern Australia burnt tens of thousands of hectares of treeless alpine landscape. Here, we examine the environmental impact of these fires, using data from the Bogong High Plains area of Victoria, and the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales. Historical and biophysical evidence suggests that in Australian alpine environments, extensive fires occur only in periods of extended regional drought, and when severe local fire weather coincides with multiple ignitions in the surrounding montane forests. Dendrochronological evidence indicates that large fires have occurred approximately every 50–100 years over the past 400 years. Post-fire monitoring of vegetation in grasslands and heathlands indicates that most alpine species regenerate rapidly after fire, with >90% of species present 1 year after fire. Some keystone species in some plant communities, however, had not regenerated after 3 years. The responses of alpine fauna to the 2003 fires were variable. The core habitat (closed heathland) of several vulnerable small mammals was extensively burnt. Some mammals experienced substantial falls in populations, others experienced substantial increases. Unburnt patches of vegetation are critical to faunal recovery from fire. There was, however, no evidence of local extinction. We conclude that infrequent extensive fires are a feature of alpine Australia. For both the flora and fauna, there is no quantitative evidence that the 2003 fires were an ecological disaster, and we conclude that the flora and fauna of alpine Australia are highly resilient to infrequent, large, intense fires.
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Bell, Phil R., Matthew C. Herne, Tom Brougham, and Elizabeth T. Smith. "Ornithopod diversity in the Griman Creek Formation (Cenomanian), New South Wales, Australia." PeerJ 6 (December 4, 2018): e6008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the Early Cretaceous, dinosaur communities of the Australian-Antarctic rift system (Eumeralla and Wonthaggi formations) cropping out in Victoria were apparently dominated by a diverse small-bodied ‘basal ornithopod’ fauna. Further north, in Queensland (Winton and Mackunda formations), poorly-represented small-bodied ornithopods coexisted with large-bodied iguanodontians. Our understanding of the ornithopod diversity from the region between the Australian-Antarctic rift and Queensland, represented by Lightning Ridge in central-northern New South Wales (Griman Creek Formation), has been superficial. Here, we re-investigate the ornithopod diversity at Lightning Ridge based on new craniodental remains. Our findings indicate a diverse ornithopod fauna consisting of two-to-three small-bodied non-iguanodontian ornithopods (includingWeewarrasaurus pobenigen. et sp. nov.), at least one indeterminate iguanodontian, and a possible ankylopollexian. These results support those of previous studies that favour a general abundance of small-bodied basal ornithopods in Early to mid-Cretaceous high-latitude localities of southeastern Australia. Although these localities are not necessarily time-equivalent, increasing evidence indicates that Lightning Ridge formed a ‘meeting point’ between the basal ornithopod-dominated localities in Victoria and the sauropod-iguanodontian faunas in Queensland to the north.
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Harms, Danilo, and Mark S. Harvey. "Australian pirates: systematics and phylogeny of the Australasian pirate spiders (Araneae:Mimetidae), with a description of the Western Australian fauna." Invertebrate Systematics 23, no. 3 (2009): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is08015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pirate spiders (Mimetidae) are well known for their specialised feeding ecology. They are vagrant araneophagic predators, enter the webs of their prey spiders and exhibit patterns of aggressive mimicry to overcome the web owner. The mimetid fauna of Australia and New Zealand currently consists of 26 species in the following three genera: Australomimetus Heimer, 1986 (18 species), Mimetus Hentz, 1832 (six species), and Ero C.L. Koch, 1836 (two species). The systematic position of the majority of Australasian mimetids was investigated through phylogenetic techniques utilising morphological character systems of 29 exemplar taxa and 87 characters, including the first examination of spinneret structure in species of Australomimetus. The results support an expanded concept for Australomimetus, which, apart from the introduced Ero aphana (Walckenaer, 1802), is found to contain the entire Australian and New Zealand mimetid fauna, also recorded from Asia. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: A. catulli (Heimer, 1989), comb. nov., A. hannemanni (Heimer, 1989), comb. nov., A. japonicus (Uyemura, 1938), comb. nov., A. mendicus (O. P. Cambridge, 1879), comb. nov. and A. sennio (Urquhart, 1891), comb. nov.; Ero luzoniensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 is synonymised with Ero aphana, and A. andreae Heimer, 1989 is synonymised with A. daviesianus Heimer, 1986; Mimetus tikaderi Gajbe, 1992 from India is excluded from Mimetidae, and referred to Liocranidae. The Western Australian mimetid fauna is described for the first time and comprises nine species of Australomimetus, including the following five new species: A. diabolicus, sp. nov., A. djuka, sp. nov., A. dunlopi, sp. nov., A. nasoi, sp. nov. and A. stephanieae, sp. nov. Several species-groups of Australomimetus are identified.
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TATARNIC, NIKOLAI J., MICHAEL A. WALL, and GERASIMOS CASSIS. "A systematic revision of the Australian ploiarioline thread-legged assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae)." Zootaxa 2762, no. 1 (February 10, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2762.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Australian members of the emesine tribe Ploiaiolini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) are revised. A key, as well as diagnoses and figures, are presented for all 16 Australian species. Seven new species are described. Four species previously not recorded from Australia are included in the continent’s fauna. Emesopsis is expanded to include species in which the basal cell of the forewing is absent.
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LAWRENCE, JOHN F. "The Australian Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea): supplement." Zootaxa 4555, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4555.4.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An addendum to the revision of the Australian ciid fauna contains descriptions of 17 new species, information on recently described Australian species, addition of one described species new to the fauna, and corrections to the previous revision. Keys are provided to the Australian species of Cis, Notapterocis, Orthocis and Paratrichapus. The following new species are described: Cis apodemus, sp. nov., C. bicolorellus, sp. nov., C. brachytrichus, sp. nov., C. christmasensis, sp. nov.; C. densus, sp. nov., C. depressus, sp. nov., C. howensis, sp. nov., C. incomptus, sp. nov., C. latemarginatus, sp. nov., C. macilentus, sp. nov., C. occidentalis, sp. nov., C. prominens, sp. nov., C. pycnostictus, sp. nov., C. rhaibocerus, sp. nov., Notapterocis acutus, sp. nov., N. nesiotes, sp. nov., and Orthocis inordinatus, sp. nov.. Orthocis flavipennis (Pic) is recorded from Australia for the first time, and the Australian record of O. auriculariae Lawrence (Lawrence, 2016) is considered to be based on misidentified specimens of O. flavipennis. Notes are also included on the recently described Australian species by Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade (2017): Scolytocis australimontensis and Xylographella frithae, and those described by Souza-Gonçalves et al. (2018): Paratrichapus australis, P. burwelli, P. christmasensis, P. metallonotum and P. peckorum.
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BRUCE, A. J. "Onycocaris longirostris Bruce, 1980 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae), new to the Australian fauna." Zootaxa 3299, no. 1 (May 3, 2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3299.1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A heterosexual pair of specimens of Onycocaris longirostris Bruce, 1980, previously known only from the single incompletemale holotype from New Caledonia, are reported from the Kimberley region of Western Australia. With the male major secondpereiopod and both female second pereiopods, these intact specimens enable the description of the species to be completed. A new record for Australian waters, it increases to 8 the number of Onycocaris species known from Australia.
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Miller, G. H., J. W. Magee, M. L. Fogel, and M. K. Gagan. "Detecting human impacts on the flora, fauna, and summer monsoon of Pleistocene Australia." Climate of the Past 3, no. 3 (August 6, 2007): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-463-2007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The moisture balance across northern and central Australia is dominated by changes in the strength of the Australian Summer Monsoon. Lake-level records that record changes in monsoon strength on orbital timescales are most consistent with a Northern Hemisphere insolation control on monsoon strength, a result consistent with recent modeling studies. A weak Holocene monsoon relative to monsoon strength 65–60 ka, despite stronger forcing, suggests a changed monsoon regime after 60 ka. Shortly after 60 ka humans colonized Australia and all of Australia's largest mammals became extinct. Between 60 and 40 ka Australian climate was similar to present and not changing rapidly. Consequently, attention has turned toward plausible human mechanisms for the extinction, with proponents for over-hunting, ecosystem change, and introduced disease. To differentiate between these options we utilize isotopic tracers of diet preserved in eggshells of two large, flightless birds to track the status of ecosystems before and after human colonization. More than 800 dated eggshells of the Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), an opportunistic, dominantly herbivorous feeder, provide a 140-kyr dietary reconstruction that reveals unprecedented reduction in the bird's food resources about 50 ka, coeval in three distant regions. These data suggest a tree/shrub savannah with occasionally rich grasslands was converted abruptly to the modern desert scrub. The diet of the heavier, extinct Genyornis newtoni, derived from >550 dated eggshells, was more restricted than in co-existing Dromaius, implying a more specialized feeding strategy. We suggest that generalist feeders, such as Dromaius, were able to adapt to a changed vegetation regime, whereas more specialized feeders, such as Genyornis, became extinct. We speculate that ecosystem collapse across arid and semi-arid zones was a consequence of systematic burning by early humans. We also suggest that altered climate feedbacks linked to changes in vegetation may have weakened the penetration of monsoon moisture into the continental interior, explaining the failure of the Holocene monsoon. Climate modeling suggests a vegetation shift may reduce monsoon rain in the interior by as much as 50%.
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Andersen, Alan N., John C. Z. Woinarski, and Ben D. Hoffmann. "Biogeography of the ant fauna of the Tiwi Islands, in northern Australia's monsoonal tropics." Australian Journal of Zoology 52, no. 1 (2004): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo03013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes the biogeography at the species level of ants from the Tiwi Islands, and represents the first such analysis for any region in Australia. The Tiwi Islands are located 20 km off the mainland coast near Darwin in northern Northern Territory, and include Australia's second largest insular landmass after Tasmania. The islands receive the highest mean annual rainfall (up to 2000 mm) in monsoonal northern Australia, and they are the closest part of the Australian landmass to south-east Asia. On the basis of ~1300 species records, we list 154 species (including nine introduced) from 34 genera. The richest genera are Polyrhachis (20 species), Monomorium (15), Camponotus (14), Pheidole (12), and Iridomyrmex (11). In all, 66% of the native Tiwi species belong to Torresian (tropical) species groups, which is considerably higher than the 44% for Australia's monsoonal ant fauna as a whole. Fifteen Tiwi ant species are not known from mainland Australia. These include a species of Anonychomyrma, which is the only record of the genus in monsoonal Australia, Polyrhachis debilis, the only representative of the sub-genus Cyrtomyrma known from north-western Australia, and the only species of the araneoides group of Rhytidoponera known from the Northern Territory. Unfortunately, the Tiwi ant fauna also includes the exotic invasive species Pheidole megacephala, which represents a serious conservation threat.
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GREAVES, ELIZABETH, KARIN MEIßNER, and ROBIN WILSON. "New Laonice species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from western and northern Australia." Zootaxa 2903, no. 1 (June 2, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2903.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Species belonging to the genus Laonice (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from continental shelf and slope depths off western and northern Australia are described. Three species are new to science (L. lemniscata, L. insolita, L. pectinata), two additional species of uncertain identity are recognised from incomplete material and are similar to existing species. A key is provided to allow identification of all six Laonice species known from Australia. Also, a new standard for the observation of hooded hooks in Laonice is established. One of the Australian species, L. quadridentata, belongs to a group of Laonice species with fused prostomium and peristomium. These species are of great morphological similarity and several are reported to exhibit ontogenetic and individual variability and we discuss the significant taxonomic problems that are a consequence of that variability. The faunas of the continental margin of western and northern Australia were poorly sampled prior to the extensive surveys that generated our study material; this study and other current work suggests that our present estimates of species richness of the Australian marine invertebrate fauna significantly underestimate species richness, perhaps by as much as 50%.
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Turvey, Samuel T., Jennifer J. Crees, James Hansford, Timothy E. Jeffree, Nick Crumpton, Iwan Kurniawan, Erick Setiyabudi, et al. "Quaternary vertebrate faunas from Sumba, Indonesia: implications for Wallacean biogeography and evolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1861 (August 30, 2017): 20171278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Historical patterns of diversity, biogeography and faunal turnover remain poorly understood for Wallacea, the biologically and geologically complex island region between the Asian and Australian continental shelves. A distinctive Quaternary vertebrate fauna containing the small-bodied hominin Homo floresiensis , pygmy Stegodon proboscideans, varanids and giant murids has been described from Flores, but Quaternary faunas are poorly known from most other Lesser Sunda Islands. We report the discovery of extensive new fossil vertebrate collections from Pleistocene and Holocene deposits on Sumba, a large Wallacean island situated less than 50 km south of Flores. A fossil assemblage recovered from a Pleistocene deposit at Lewapaku in the interior highlands of Sumba, which may be close to 1 million years old, contains a series of skeletal elements of a very small Stegodon referable to S. sumbaensis , a tooth attributable to Varanus komodoensis , and fragmentary remains of unidentified giant murids. Holocene cave deposits at Mahaniwa dated to approximately 2000–3500 BP yielded extensive material of two new genera of endemic large-bodied murids, as well as fossils of an extinct frugivorous varanid. This new baseline for reconstructing Wallacean faunal histories reveals that Sumba's Quaternary vertebrate fauna, although phylogenetically distinctive, was comparable in diversity and composition to the Quaternary fauna of Flores, suggesting that similar assemblages may have characterized Quaternary terrestrial ecosystems on many or all of the larger Lesser Sunda Islands.
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Last, P. R., and W. T. White. "Biogeographic patterns in the Australian chondrichthyan fauna." Journal of Fish Biology 79, no. 5 (September 19, 2011): 1193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03095.x.
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Koste, Walter, and Russell J. Shiel. "Tasmanian rotifera: Affinities with the Australian fauna." Hydrobiologia 147, no. 1 (April 1987): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00025723.
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Bagust, Phil. "The South Australian ‘koala wars’: Australian fauna and mediagenic fitness selection." Continuum 24, no. 4 (August 2010): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2010.490620.
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Horne, Paul A. "Carabids as potential indicators of sustainable farming systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 4 (2007): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carabid beetles are important biological control agents in a range of agricultural crops throughout the world. This paper outlines the history of carabid research in Australia to provide a point of reference with European and USA studies. The ecological and applied agricultural knowledge of the Australian fauna lags far behind that of Europe and the USA but we are now at the point of using the available knowledge to assess agricultural ecosystems. This paper describes how aspects of the biology and ecology of the Australian carabid fauna differ from that described in published work on other carabid populations. In particular, this paper describes how it may be possible to identify dominant (key) species in particular ecosystems (such as pasture or cropping) and use these species as indicators of ecosystem health.
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A How, R., and M. A Cowan. "Collections in space and time: geographical patterning of native frogs, mammals and reptiles through a continental gradient." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 2 (2006): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Native frog, mammal and reptile specimen data in the Western Australian Museum were examined from the western third of the Australian continent covering nearly 22 degrees of latitude and 16 degrees of longitude and encompassing tropical, desert and temperate regions. The timing of specimen data collection and collecting effort were evaluated and show that large areas of the State remain poorly sampled. The great majority of the collections have been made over the last 50 years and taxonomic status of many vertebrate species is still in review with several new species being described. Systematic surveys need to be undertaken to address the inadequacy of information on vertebrate fauna distributions over large tracts of the desert and pastoral areas of Western Australia. The distribution of taxa endemic to Western Australia, threatened and priority taxa as well as restricted?range endemic taxa were examined over equal areas based on the 1 :250 000 map series that covers the western third of the Australian continent. Endemic taxa are focused in the south-west of the state and along the west coast, while restricted-range endemics are more frequently distriooted along the west and northwestern coasts. Threatened and priority taxa show a similar pattern to that of endemic taxa. The similarity of areas across Western Australia, based on the composition of their vertebrate fauna, indicates that there are four broad regions corresponding to the tropical north, the mesic south-west, the semi-arid southwestern interior and the arid Pilbara and desert areas. Additionally, regional areas defined under the IBRA scheme were examined for the number of sampling locations, endemic taxa in the various fauna! groups and the richness of taxa recorded. The Pilbara bioregion, one of the best-sampled areas of the State, showed limited concordance between vertebrate taxa similarity in half-degree cells and subregional boundaries and relatively high heterogeneity in vertebrate fauna distribution across the bioregion.
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BRUCE, A. J. "Periclimenaeus nielbrucei sp. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae), a new sponge associate from the Capricorn Islands, Queensland, with notes on related Periclimenaeus species." Zootaxa 1224, no. 1 (June 5, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1224.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Periclimenaeus nielbrucei sp. nov., a coral reef sponge associate, is described from specimens from the Capricorn Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. The rostral dentition is unique in Periclimenaeus, with the dorsal carinal teeth diverging irregularly from the midline. The Australian Periclimenaeus fauna is now increased to 24 species.
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Preece, Noel, and James Fitzsimons. "Gaps in Monitoring Leave Northern Australian Mammal Fauna with Uncertain Futures." Diversity 14, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Northern Australian biomes hold high biodiversity values within largely intact vegetation complexes, yet many species of mammals, and some other taxa, are endangered. Recently, six mammal species were added to the 20 or so already listed in the Australian endangered category. Current predictions suggest that nine species of mammal in northern Australia are in imminent danger of extinction within 20 years. We examine the robustness of the assumptions of status and trends in light of the low levels of monitoring of species and ecosystems across northern Australia, including monitoring the effects of management actions. The causes of the declines include a warming climate, pest species, changed fire regimes, grazing by introduced herbivores, and diseases, and work to help species and ecosystems recover is being conducted across the region. Indigenous custodians who work on the land have the potential and capacity to provide a significant human resource to tackle the challenge of species recovery. By working with non-Indigenous researchers and conservation managers, and with adequate support and incentives, many improvements in species’ downward trajectories could be made. We propose a strategy to establish a network of monitoring sites based on a pragmatic approach by prioritizing particular bioregions. The policies that determine research and monitoring investment need to be re-set and new and modified approaches need to be implemented urgently. The funding needs to be returned to levels that are adequate for the task. At present resourcing levels, species are likely to become extinct through an avoidable attrition process.
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Little, John, Daniel J. Schmidt, Benjamin D. Cook, Timothy J. Page, and Jane M. Hughes. "Diversity and phylogeny of south-east Queensland Bathynellacea." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 1 (2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The crustacean order Bathynellacea is amongst the most diverse and widespread groups of subterranean aquatic fauna (stygofauna) in Australia. Interest in the diversity and biogeography of Australian Bathynellacea has grown markedly in recent years. However, relatively little information relating to this group has emerged from Queensland. The aim of this study was to investigate bathynellacean diversity and phylogeny in south-east Queensland. Relationships between the south-east Queensland fauna and their continental relatives were evaluated through the analysis of combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Bathynellaceans were collected from alluvial groundwater systems in three catchments in south-east Queensland. This study revealed a diverse bathynellacean fauna with complex evolutionary relationships to related fauna elsewhere in Queensland, and on the wider Australian continent. The multifamily assemblage revealed here is likely to represent several new species, and at least one new genus within the Parabathynellidae. These taxa likely have relatively restricted geographic distributions. Interestingly, the south-east Queensland Bathynellacea appeared to be distantly related to their north-east Queensland counterparts. Although it was not possible to determine the generic identities of their closest relatives, the south-east Queensland Parabathynellidae appear to be most closely affiliated with southern and eastern Australian lineages. Together with previous survey data, the findings here suggest that there is likely to be considerable bathynellacean diversity in alluvial groundwater systems across the wider Queensland region. Further assessment of stygofauna distributions in south-east Queensland is necessary to understand the biological implications of significant groundwater use and development in the region.
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New, TR. "The Neuroptera (Insecta) of Norfolk Island." Invertebrate Systematics 1, no. 3 (1987): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9870257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A synopsis is given of records of Neuroptera from Norfolk Island, and their identities discussed. A recent substantial collection of Chrysopidae contains three species, which are figured and referred to described taxa. Affinities of the fauna are predominantly Australian, but the Chrysopa spp. appear to represent species unknown from Australia.
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Bickel, DJ. "Australian Asyndetus Loew and Cryptophlels Lichtwardt (Diptera : Dolichopodidae), with notes on the Oriental and western Pacific faunas." Invertebrate Systematics 10, no. 6 (1996): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9961151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Australian species of two genera, Asyndetus Loew and Cryptophleps Lichtwardt (Diptera : Dolichopodidae : Diaphorinae), all from the north of the continent, are described in the wider context of the Oriental and Pacific faunas. The phylogenetic relationships of the two genera are discussed. The Australian Asyndetus comprises two species: A. infernus, sp. nov., and A. secundus, sp. nov., both of which are closely related to the Melanesian fauna. The Australian Cryptophleps comprises four species: C. cyplus, sp. nov., C. nova, sp, nov., C. inornatus, sp. nov., and C. yungaburra, sp. nov. In addition, C. atollensis, sp, nov., from Micronesia and C. solomonis, sp. nov., from the Solomon and Samoan Islands are described.
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Richardson, Barry J. "Evolutionary biogeography of Australian jumping spider genera (Araneae : Salticidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 3 (2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Phylogenetic relationships and estimated dates of origin, plus distributional, ecological and morphological data for salticid genera were used to examine a series of hypotheses related to the evolution of the Australian salticid fauna. Though independent, the time patterns of evolution of genera in Australia and South America were similar, while that for Northern Hemisphere taxa differed. In each case the production of new genera occurred during the warmer parts of the mid Tertiary but not during cooler and drier times. Asian elements entered Australia as early as 31 million years ago, long before the collision of the Australasian and Asian continental plates. Endemic and derivatives of Asian genera were similarly distributed across Australian biomes. However, arriving taxa were more successful when conditions matched their mesic origins (tropical), but less so when different (temperate). While endemic genera often extended their ranges into drier environments by increasing the number of species, recent arrivals did so by extending the range of individual species. Maximum Parsimony analyses of a range of presumed adaptive, morphological and ecological characters showed these did not reflect genus-level processes; however, the analysis did show all endemic genera had mesic origins.
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Matthews, E. G. "Origins of Australian arid-zone tenebrionid beetles." Invertebrate Systematics 14, no. 6 (2000): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it00021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three biogeographic components with very different histories are represented among the tenebrionids of the Australian arid zone: the Indo-Malayan element, which is related mainly to the Indonesian fauna; the Austral Gondwanan element, mainly related to that of southern South America; and one here called Tethyan, related to the fauna of northern hemisphere arid regions. Indo-Malayan groups appear to have arrived comparatively recently, probably by invasion from the north, and are differentiated within the arid zone mainly to the species level. Austral groups are the most diverse and have radiated extensively to generic level from ancestors inhabiting sclerophyll forest, probably by vicariance, within the present arid zone. Tethyan groups are endemic in the arid zone at tribal level and have no forest-inhabiting relatives anywhere. They have often become myrmecophilous in Australia, and because of their distribution patterns in the northern hemisphere, partial occurrence in coastal dunes, and apparently basal phylogenetic positions are surmised to have descended by vicariance from inhabitants of the coastal sand dunes of the Tethys Sea, probably in the Jurassic before there was an arid zone in Australia.
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Frank, Helen. "Discovering Australia Through Fiction: French Translators as Aventuriers." Meta 51, no. 3 (September 21, 2006): 482–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013554ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The translation into French of referents of Australia and Australianness in fiction necessitates a considerable variety of translational tendencies and interpretive choices. This study focuses on French translations of selected passages and blurbs from Australian fiction set in regional Australia to determine how referents of Australian flora, fauna, landscape and people are translated and interpreted in a non-English speaking cultural system. Guided by concerns for the target readers’ understanding of the text, French translators employ normative strategies and adaptive procedures common to translation to enhance reader orientation. There is, nonetheless, evidence of culture-specific appropriation of the text and systematic manipulation of Australian referents that goes beyond normative solutions. Such appropriation and manipulation stem from a desire to create and foster culture-specific suppositions about Australia consistent with French preoccupations with colonialism, the exotic, exploration and adventure.
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Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M., Brett P. Murphy, Sarah M. Legge, David G. Chapple, Heather M. Crawford, Stuart J. Dawson, Chris R. Dickman, et al. "Reptiles as food: predation of Australian reptiles by introduced red foxes compounds and complements predation by cats." Wildlife Research 48, no. 5 (2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ContextInvasive species are a major cause of biodiversity loss across much of the world, and a key threat to Australia’s diverse reptile fauna. There has been no previous comprehensive analysis of the potential impact of the introduced European red fox, Vulpes vulpes, on Australian reptiles. AimsWe seek to provide an inventory of all Australian reptile species known to be consumed by the fox, and identify characteristics of squamate species associated with such predation. We also compare these tallies and characteristics with reptile species known to be consumed by the domestic cat, Felis catus, to examine whether predation by these two introduced species is compounded (i.e. affecting much the same set of species) or complementary (affecting different groups of species). Methods We collated records of Australian reptiles consumed by foxes in Australia, with most records deriving from fox dietary studies (tallying >35000 samples). We modelled presence or absence of fox predation records against a set of biological and other traits, and population trends, for squamate species. Key resultsIn total, 108 reptile species (~11% of Australia’s terrestrial reptile fauna) have been recorded as consumed by foxes, fewer than that reported for cats (263 species). Eighty-six species have been reported to be eaten by both predators. More Australian turtle species have been reported as consumed by foxes than by cats, including many that suffer high levels of predation on egg clutches. Twenty threatened reptile species have been reported as consumed by foxes, and 15 by cats. Squamate species consumed by foxes are more likely to be undergoing population decline than those not known to be consumed by foxes. The likelihood of predation by foxes increased with squamate species’ adult body mass, in contrast to the relationship for predation by cats, which peaked at ~217g. Foxes, but not cats, were also less likely to consume venomous snakes. ConclusionsThe two introduced, and now widespread, predators have both compounding and complementary impacts on the Australian reptile fauna. ImplicationsEnhanced and integrated management of the two introduced predators is likely to provide substantial conservation benefits to much of the Australian reptile fauna.