Статті в журналах: "Australian business"

1

Morfesi, David, and Iain Sandford. "Effective Compliance with Trade Law and International Business Integrity Requirements in Australia." Global Trade and Customs Journal 8, Issue 10 (October 1, 2013): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2013046.

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This article considers the framework of Australian law, policy and institutions that raise compliance issues for enterprises undertaking business into and out of Australia. It provides a brief, practical perspective on the Australian frameworks that regulate: general import and export compliance; compliance with special regimes affecting certain goods, such as defence and strategic items; as well as Australia's strict quarantine requirements for food, biological products and other goods that risk introducing exotic pests and diseases. It also addresses Australia's increasing emphasis on 'business integrity' issues that affect how, where and with whom business is done. The article concludes by suggesting that Australian law requirements should be addressed in the context of the global compliance systems of internationally active businesses.

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2

Ville, Simon, and Grant Fleming. "Locating Australian Corporate Memory." Business History Review 73, no. 2 (1999): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116242.

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This research note reports on the quantity of business records available in Australia as indicated by a recent survey of the top one hundred firms operating during the twentieth century. The archival work was undertaken as part of a large study investigating aspects of corporate leadership in Australia, conducted Jointly at the Australian National University and the University of Melbourne. We found that the surviving records of Australian businesses cover a wide selection of firm types, and that the comprehensiveness of many archives places business history on a sound foundation for the future.

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3

Clark, Anna. "Unfinished Business:." Public History Review 28 (June 22, 2021): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v28i0.7753.

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Understanding History’s history requires reading and analysing the texts it has produced across time, and the diverse historians who made them. In settler-colonial societies like Australia, understanding the power and process of that curation is especially urgent. This discussion briefly explores aspects of the recent ‘statue wars’ in Australian history and argues that the one constant across these many understandings of Australia over time, is this: History curates the past.

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4

Foley, Dennis. "Indigenous Research, Differing Value Systems." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 28, no. 1 (December 2000): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100001253.

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The collective aim of many of this Journal's readers is to provide Indigenous Australians with a sound education to allow us (Indigenous Australia) to take a more active role in Australian society. My personal research interest is in business studies, training Indigenous Australians in management and business principles. I continually face the question of am I training my kin in a Western science that is often at the opposite end of the spectrum to Indigenous thought and practice?

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5

Prior, Vernon. "Australian business information." Competitive Intelligence Review 3, no. 1 (1992): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cir.3880030110.

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6

Jaric, Ljubica. "Contemporary skill migration in Australia." Stanovnistvo 39, no. 1-4 (2001): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0104157j.

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Immigration has always been a key of the Australian social and economic development. Australia administers separate Migration and Humanitarian Programs. The Migration Program has two streams: Family and Skill. The smaller Special Eligibility stream includes groups such as former Australian citizens and former residents who have maintained ties with Australia. The Skill stream of Australia's Migration Program is specifically designed to target migrants who have skills or outstanding abilities that will contribute to the Australian economy. The migration to Australia of people with qualifications and relevant work experience can help to address skill shortages in Australia and enhance the size, skill level and productivity of the Australian labour force. Skilled migrants were mainly employed in managerial, administrative, professional or paraprofessional occupations or as traders. Permanent movement represents the major element of net overseas migration. Australia has experienced not only permanent influx of skilled but longterm movement as an affect of globalisation of business, the creation of international labour and education markets and cheaper travel. The level of longterm movements is strongly influenced by both domestic and international conditions of development, particularly economic conditions. More Australians are going overseas to work and study and foreigners are coming to Australia in larger numbers for the same reasons. Skill migration in FRY is mostly correlated with the economic situation in the country. Skill stream from FRY to Australia has been significantly increased since 1990. In the Australian official statistics separate data for the FRY has been available since July 1998. Prior to July 1998. FRY component was substantial proportion of total Former Yugoslav Republics. Estimated Serbian skill stream is around 4500 people.

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7

Begum, Afroza. "Corruption in business." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2020-0018.

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Purpose This paper aims to critically analyse the Criminal Code Amendment (Bribery of Foreign Public Officials) Act 1999 and Crimes Legislation Amendment (Combating Corporate Crime) Bill 2017 with special focus on the facilitation payment (FP) defence by referring to the UK Bribery Act 2010. The study will showcase how FP promotes disrespect for a good corporate culture inevitable for responsible and sustained business and as to why FP must be abolished to make the Australian regulation consistent with the international standards. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on primary and secondary sources including the Senate Committee Reports and recent legislative developments in Australia, and the relevant law of the UK. Findings Australia is lagging far behind comparative jurisdictions including the UK, and the FP defence must be abolished to make the Australian regulation consistent with the international standards and to foster international business backed up by globalisation, competition and interconnectedness of national economies. Originality/value This paper is the original work of the author and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.

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8

L., Cecil A. "Indigenous entrepreneurship in timber furniture manufacturing: The Gumatj venture in Northern Australia." Information Management and Business Review 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v2i1.876.

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Despite commitment by the Australian Government to improve the economic independence of Indigenous people Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders they are the most socio economic disadvantaged group relative to other Australians. This commitment manifests in the four main strands of; 1) welfare, 2) installation of the Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) scheme, 3) legislation enabling Traditional Land Owners and miners to negotiate agreements for training and employment of Indigenous people, and 4) programmes to encourage Indigenous entrepreneurship. This paper reports an Australian Indigenous entrepreneurial business (furniture making) initiated by the Gumatj clan of the Yolngu people in East Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. These Indigenous people are employed in timber milling and transporting the milled timber to Gunyangara on the Gove Peninsula where it is dried and used to make furniture. Overcoming the literature documented barriers to Australian Indigenous entrepreneurship compelled the Gumatj to develop a business model with potential to foster pathways for other Indigenous small business endeavours.

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9

Chung, Mona, and Jane Menzies. "Australian Businesses in China." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2010010105.

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This paper indentifies a main barrier when doing business with China, the cultural gap, and provides the strategies that companies can use when entering the Chinese market. This empirical study examined 40 Australian organisations in their activities when entering the Chinese market. Alarmingly after 30 years of attempting to do business in China, companies are still not addressing the issue of cultural differences. Companies are also caught by surprises due to lack of preparation how large the cultural gap is between Australian and Chinese business culture. The findings of the study have important implications for businesses considering entry to China, and for Australian businesses already doing business in China. The strategies investigated include human resource strategies, dealing with Chinese staff, relationship building, getting outside support (employing consultants), learning about the culture, and adapting to the culture.

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10

L., Cecil A. "Female Indigenous entrepreneurship in remote communities in northern Australia." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i6.1131.

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Little is known about Australian Indigenous female entrepreneurship. Misconceptions typifying Australian Indigenous businesses are community enterprises are encumbered by research limitations, generalisations and stereotyping; the material is seldom voiced by Australian Indigenous people; and few sources detail the challenges for grass roots female Indigenous entrepreneurs in remote Australian Aboriginal communities that maintain patriarchal cultures. In this paper is described how 21 Indigenous female entrepreneurs in a remote region of northern Australia have tailored their businesses to comply with the regulatory and statutory framework of the dominant society while preserving sensitivity to the traditional cultural norms, rules, and obligations. The data were independently corroborated by Indigenous and non Indigenous men of recognised standing in the region. These empirical observations provide foundation for better informed judgements about the business environment in remote regions of Australia, which is fundamental when developing policies for delivering sustainable female Indigenous small businesses.

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11

Molyneux, Simon. "PESA Australian business environment review 2019." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20009.

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This Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia review looks at the major issues that impacted the Australian petroleum business environment in 2019. While the petroleum business in 2020 has been combating an oil price slump and a global economic slowdown driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, 2019 will be remembered as a pivotal year in the petroleum industry. At a global level, climate change moved centre-stage with global protests, extensive media coverage and clear commitments from global players in the resource industry to become net-zero emitters of carbon. Oil prices averaged US$64/barrel for Brent, liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices fell and global CO2 emissions from power generation were flat for the first time. In Australia, petroleum production also increased, driven by LNG production, and Australia became the world’s largest producer of LNG, the world’s largest CO2 injection plant became operational and the regulatory system was tested by current operations and future drilling. Meanwhile, society’s relationship with the petroleum industry was reframed with the linking of extensive bushfires to climate change. This paper will describe each of these issues and frame the issues facing the industry in 2020 and beyond.

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12

Zeller, Bruno, and Bill Cole. "Australian Trade Agreements – A Divergence between Trade Policy and Business Outcomes – Can They Deliver Trade-related Growth for Australia?" Global Journal of Comparative Law 3, no. 2 (September 26, 2014): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00302004.

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The recently negotiated Japan Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (jaepa) is the latest in a series of trade agreements that seek to create a trading environment for Australian firms delivering outcomes similar to those anticipated under the wto multilateral model. However, the gains to business and the economy from this approach to trade policy have been particular to specific economic sectors and have generally not resulted in significant broad based economic benefits. In particular, the negotiation of trade agreements by Australia has been characterised by the reduction of trade-in-goods barriers (tariffs etc) which have assisted some agricultural and resource activities and compromised value adding, high employment sectors of the economy such as manufacturing. In contrast, Australian trading partners have increasingly sought concessions relating to Foreign Direct Investment (fdi), allowing their businesses to vertically integrate productive activity. The apparent disconnection between Australian trade policy outcomes and the requirements of business and the broader economy stem from failures at both the fundamental level of policy creation and the negotiation and implementation of the agreements. This paper argues that Australian trade policy needs to develop a new, more flexible and responsive model of trade negotiation in order to better serve the economy and its businesses.

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13

WEL, CLAIRE. "RECENT AUSTRALIAN BUSINESS CYCLES." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 17, no. 2 (June 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.1998.tb00177.x.

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14

FISHER, LANCE A., GLENN OTTO, and GRAHAM M. VOSS. "AUSTRALIAN BUSINESS CYCLE FACTS*." Australian Economic Papers 35, no. 67 (December 1996): 300–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.1996.tb00052.x.

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15

Moreton-Robinson, Aileen. "Unmasking Whiteness: A Goori Jondal's Look at Some Duggai Business." Queensland Review 6, no. 1 (May 1999): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001823.

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Since invasion and subsequent colonisation, Australia has a history of preferring and privileging people who have white skin. As I have remarked elsewhere: Whiteness in its contemporary form in Australian society is culturally based. It controls institutions, which are extensions of White Australian culture and is governed by the values, beliefs and assumptions of that culture and its history. Australian culture is less White than it used to be, but Whiteness forms the centre and is commonly referred to in public discourse as the ‘mainstream’ or ‘middle ground’ (Moreton-Robinson 1998:11).

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16

Lehmann, Caitlyn. "Editorial." Children Australia 42, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.44.

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Among the plethora of minor parties fielding candidates in Australia's 2016 federal election was a relative newcomer called Sustainable Australia. Formed in 2010 and campaigning with the slogan ‘Better, not bigger’, the party's policy centrepiece calls for Australia to slow its population growth through a combination of lower immigration, changes to family payments, and the withdrawal of government agencies from proactive population growth strategies (Sustainable Australia, n.d.). At a global level, the party also calls for Australia to increase foreign aid with a focus on supporting women's health, reproductive rights and education. Like most minor parties, its candidates polled poorly, attracting too few votes to secure seats in the Senate. But in the ensuing months, the South Australian branch of The Greens broke from the national party platform by proposing the aim of stabilising South Australia's population within a generation (The Greens SA, 2017). Just this August, Australian business entrepreneur Dick Smith launched a ‘Fair Go’ manifesto, similarly calling for reductions in Australia's population growth to address rising economic inequality and a “decline in living standards” (Dick Smith Fair Go Group, 2017).

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17

Sonnenfeld, David A. "The Ghost of Wesley Vale: Environmentalists' Influence on Innovation in Australia's Pulp and Paper Industry." Competition & Change 1, no. 4 (December 1996): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102452949600100403.

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This paper analyzes how a key conflict in Australia's pulp and paper industry became generalized to other sites through environmental action, government regulation, and industry initiative. From 1987–91, Australians debated construction of a new, world-class, export-oriented pulp mill in Tasmania. Rural residents, fishermen, and environmentalists, allied with the Australian Labor Party, succeeded in scuttling the project. Subsequently, the national government launched a major research program, state governments tightened regulations, and industry reduced elemental chlorine use. Any new mills constructed in Australia today would be among the cleanest in the world. This paper is part of a larger, comparative study of technological innovation in the pulp and paper industries of Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The author interviewed industry officials, government regulators, research scientists, and environmentalists; visited pulp and paper mills; attended technical conferences; and conducted archival work in these countries during a 12-month period.

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18

Due, Clemence, and Damien W. Riggs. "Representing 'Australian Land'." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i1.56.

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This article examines how Indigenous Australians' claims to their land are represented in the mainstream, non-Indigenous Australian media. In so doing, the article explores the common tropes available to non-Indigenous Australians in relation to Indigenous ownership of land, and in particular the native title system. It is argued that whilst initial land claims are discussed in detail within the media from a variety of perspectives, subsequent Indigenous land use agreements are most commonly reported upon in terms of business and economic concerns, with 'failed' agreements represented as impediments to 'development'. Thus, whilst the claims of Indigenous Australians to their land are sometimes reported positively by the media, this is only insofar as native title does not impede business development, which is frequently represented as the way in which land ultimately ought to be used. Thus non-Indigenous readers are left with an image of native title whereby initial land claims are considered not to be threatening, but only to the extent that subsequent use of the land still fits a white Australian image of 'development'.

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19

Colic-Peisker, Val, and Ling Deng. "Chinese business migrants in Australia: Middle-class transnationalism and ‘dual embeddedness’." Journal of Sociology 55, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 234–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319836281.

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Over the past two decades, four-fifths of the business immigration to Australia originated from China. Australian business migrants are required to undertake a two-step migration pathway: first they demonstrate a certain level of assets and business success to qualify for temporary entry and then, through successful business activity, they qualify for permanent residency (PR). Using in-depth interview narratives and survey data, this article explores migration motives and experiences of Chinese business migrants in Melbourne, Australia and situates them within the conceptual framework of middle-class transnationalism and ‘dual embeddedness’. We found that our respondents were primarily driven by motives other than the likelihood of business success in Australia, such as the prospects of good education for their children and a cleaner environment. Gaining Australian PR emerged as the key milestone in the migration process, allowing migrants to move freely between home and host countries and live as ‘dually embedded’ transnationals.

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20

Furneaux, Craig, and Kerry Brown. "Australian Indigenous Entrepreneurship: A Capital-Based View." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 9, no. 2 (May 2008): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000008784489426.

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Encouraging entrepreneurship has been advocated as the most promising avenue for economic development of Indigenous communities in Australia. Unfortunately, the number of Indigenous people engaged in small businesses in Australia is low compared with participation rates in other countries. One explanation suggested for this low participation rate in small business is that Indigenous Australians lack the traits or cultural attitudes necessary for success. This paper advocates a different view, arguing instead that analysing Indigenous access to capital in its multiple forms provides for a richer explanation – and exploration – of the barriers to Indigenous entrepreneurship.

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21

Brumfield, Robin G., and Peter F. McSweeney. "Business Profile of Australian Nurseries." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 456E—456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.456e.

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We surveyed 22 Australian nurseries in 1995 to: 1) develop a profile of Australian nurseries from a production, management, and profitability perspective; 2) compare the data to relevant U.S. benchmarks; and 3) identify trends and potential areas of improvement in the management of Australian nursery enterprises. The study confirmed that Australian nurseries incur high labor costs (38.8% of sales) that are comparable to United States nurseries, while costs of materials and supplies were lower than their U.S. counterparts. Overall, the costs of the surveyed nurseries appeared lower than their U.S. counterparts. Concerns of managers were directed towards recruiting and keeping labor and marketing rather than increasing capital investment to increase production efficiency. Capital expenditures tended to be funded from internal cash flows rather than external borrowings. Many of the nursery managers used relatively simple performance indicators and most business objectives were stated in general terms. Australian nurseries carried more diverse product ranges than the U.S. nurseries. Many of the nurseries adopted quite vigorous marketing strategies with a stronger emphasis on marketing than in those in the U.S. Concerns about the viability of the industry included oversupply, the growth in chain stores business, factors eroding the demand for nursery products and greater regulation.

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22

Dawson, Stuart. "Ethics In Australian Small Business." Business and Professional Ethics Journal 20, no. 1 (2001): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej20012011.

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23

Tozer, Clem. "The Australian Business Longitudinal Survey." Small Enterprise Research 5, no. 1 (January 1997): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/ser.5.1.16.

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24

Church, Peter C. "Asian studies and Australian business." Asian Studies Review 14, no. 2 (November 1990): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03147539008712686.

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25

Hackett, Lisa J. "Diversity and democratization of Dior in Australia: Social factors in fashion modification in the 1940s‐50s." Journal of European Popular Culture 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jepc_00010_1.

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Christian Dior’s 1947 ‘New Look’ collection has been widely examined for its influence on both haute couture and clothing styles in the 1950s. In the Australian context, Margaret Maynard examined how the New Look was marketed through the ideological positioning of women’s roles in the domestic sphere. This marketing campaign was spearheaded by two business syndicates who brought a series of French Fashion Parades to Australia in the late 1940s through the 1950s. Despite the hype around the parades, just how much the fashions were adopted by the wider public has not been measured. Australians did not adopt the New Look unchanged, instead local sensibilities, climate and culture meant modification was inevitable.Through examining home-sewing patterns, photographs of key cultural events and images from popular magazines from the period, this article establishes how the New Look was modified in the Australia. Results show that despite the many women who were eager to embrace the new fashion, many more were reticent, clinging in particular to the shorter hemlines they had adopted during the war years. This led to a hybrid style that both followed the French lead and suited Australian society. French designers, keen to expand their business empires through licensing, responded to these adaptions, incorporating elements into their later collections. This represented a step away from the trickle-down model. This changing dynamic gave Australian customers the confidence to demand more from the fashion designers and to adapt fashion to suit the Australian context. By examining the impact of Dior’s New Look through the lens of ordinary Australian women, the influences of both the designer and his customers on the evolution of post-Second War World are exposed.

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26

Fitzsimmons, Jason R., Evan J. Douglas, Bostjan Antoncic, and Robert D. Hisrich. "Intrapreneurship in Australian Firms." Journal of Management & Organization 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200004387.

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ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the nature and extent of intrapreneurship (or corporate entrepreneurship) practiced by Australian businesses. We examined the relationship between measures of corporate entrepreneurship and finn growth and profitability. and utilised measures devised by earlier researchers attempting to assess corporate entrepreneurship, viz: new business venturing, innovativeness, self-renewal, and proactiveness. Control variables included industry, finn age, and finn size. Interestingly, we found that the items measuring corporate entrepreneurship loaded onto not four but five factors, effectively splitting the self-renewal measure into two distinct elements, Profitability was significantly correlated with self-renewal (negative) and organisational support (positive) while growth was found to be significantly and positively related to both new business venturing and environmental munificence.

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Fitzsimmons, Jason R., Evan J. Douglas, Bostjan Antoncic, and Robert D. Hisrich. "Intrapreneurship in Australian Firms." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2005.11.1.17.

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ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the nature and extent of intrapreneurship (or corporate entrepreneurship) practiced by Australian businesses. We examined the relationship between measures of corporate entrepreneurship and finn growth and profitability. and utilised measures devised by earlier researchers attempting to assess corporate entrepreneurship, viz: new business venturing, innovativeness, self-renewal, and proactiveness. Control variables included industry, finn age, and finn size. Interestingly, we found that the items measuring corporate entrepreneurship loaded onto not four but five factors, effectively splitting the self-renewal measure into two distinct elements, Profitability was significantly correlated with self-renewal (negative) and organisational support (positive) while growth was found to be significantly and positively related to both new business venturing and environmental munificence.

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28

Anderson, Colin. "Viewing the proposed South African Business Rescuie Provisions from an Australian Perspective." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2008/v11i1a2753.

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This article makes some comparisons between the Australian corporate rescue provisions and those proposed to be adopted in South Africa in the Companies Bill 2007. By so doing it may assist in the debate in South Africa over how the legislation is framed as the experience in Australia may be useful as an indicator of issues to be considered. One of the findings of the comparison is that the aims of the Australian legislation and that proposed in South Africa are almost identical. The article identifies a clear concern in the South African proposals with the position of employees which is not apparent in Australia. On the other hand there appears to be less concern in South Africa with the position of secured creditors than is evident in the Australian provisions. The article also notes that the South African proposals do not divide the procedure clearly into a decision-making stage and the period whilst the company is operating under the rescue plan. The Australian provisions provide for a clear break between a period where the creditors have yet to make a choice about the company’s future and the period once a plan (or deed of company arrangement) has been adopted. The article also finds that the South African model of rescue as proposed does cover many similar areas as identified in the Australian legislation. It therefore argues that there are sufficient similarities to suggest that much will be common in the experience if they are adopted into the legislation.

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29

KELMAR, JOHN H. "ETHNIC ENCLAVES AND SMALL BUSINESS OWNERSHIP PATTERNS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Enterprising Culture 02, no. 03 (October 1994): 833–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495894000288.

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The Western Australian population base has been expanding due to a policy of increasing the immigrant component of the total population. Most of these migrants enter Western Australia through the family program, whilst the skill component accounted for one third the size of the family migrants. The tendency of many migrants is to reside in areas where previous migrants from their region already reside, thus forming ethnic enclaves. However, upon arrival, a significant number of migrants find that their overseas experiences and qualifications are not recognised to the same extent in Western Australia, and so they seek employment through entrepreneurial activities. This study examines Australian Census 1991 data to investigate the source of the current migration trends, their tendency to enter into entrepreneurial activities through self-employment or becoming an employer, and examines differences which may occur through occupational backgrounds and sex.

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30

Doraisami, Anita. "Australia's boomerang foreign aid program: building bridges for Australian business." Asian Studies Review 18, no. 1 (July 1994): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03147539408712984.

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31

Banerjee, Swapan. "A Review on Strategic Analysis of Australian Supermarkets." Journal of Production, Operations Management and Economics, no. 26 (November 8, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpome.26.36.45.

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In Australia, Coles and Woolworths are the two primary participants in the grocery sector. They split about 80% of the whole retail market for groceries. In Sydney, one of Australia's major cities, Woolworths launched new food kiosks in 1924, while Coles opened the country's first supermarket in 1960. Coles and Woolworths consistently share most of the market in the Australian supermarket industry, which is known as a "duopoly." Between Coles and Woolworths and its retailers, there has been an imbalance of market power for the last few decades (suppliers). Numerous studies indicate that Woolworths and Coles conduct business in 840 and 741 supermarkets, respectively, in Australia. However, regardless of the three variables, these essential players can only locate a suitable company in the competitive and non-competitive market. The factors are buying power, selling power, and retail chain. This duopoly, dominated by the two big business groups, can potentially serve each retail product, including ready-to-eat foods, fresh food, and other essential retail products. This short article is concerned with the strategic analysis of the two big players in the Australian market, irrespective of environment, socioeconomic, politics, various usable tools, techniques, rules, and regulations. Swot analysis, the Five force model, value, rarity, imitability, and organization (VRIO) have been reviewed and discussed for both the market leaders. The past, present, and future potentialities also have drawn in the article with the snaky diagram and analytical tables. In conclusion, profit margins are obtained due to successful differentiation, which enables the company to demand even higher prices. Additionally, it promotes customer loyalty, which contributes to the financial stability and growth of the business.

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Banerjee, Swapan. "A Review on Strategic Analysis of Australian Supermarkets." Journal of Production, Operations Management and Economics, no. 26 (November 8, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpome26.36.45.

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In Australia, Coles and Woolworths are the two primary participants in the grocery sector. They split about 80% of the whole retail market for groceries. In Sydney, one of Australia's major cities, Woolworths launched new food kiosks in 1924, while Coles opened the country's first supermarket in 1960. Coles and Woolworths consistently share most of the market in the Australian supermarket industry, which is known as a "duopoly." Between Coles and Woolworths and its retailers, there has been an imbalance of market power for the last few decades (suppliers). Numerous studies indicate that Woolworths and Coles conduct business in 840 and 741 supermarkets, respectively, in Australia. However, regardless of the three variables, these essential players can only locate a suitable company in the competitive and non-competitive market. The factors are buying power, selling power, and retail chain. This duopoly, dominated by the two big business groups, can potentially serve each retail product, including ready-to-eat foods, fresh food, and other essential retail products. This short article is concerned with the strategic analysis of the two big players in the Australian market, irrespective of environment, socioeconomic, politics, various usable tools, techniques, rules, and regulations. Swot analysis, the Five force model, value, rarity, imitability, and organization (VRIO) have been reviewed and discussed for both the market leaders. The past, present, and future potentialities also have drawn in the article with the snaky diagram and analytical tables. In conclusion, profit margins are obtained due to successful differentiation, which enables the company to demand even higher prices. Additionally, it promotes customer loyalty, which contributes to the financial stability and growth of the business.

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Gray, Judy H., Iain L. Densten, and James C. Sarros. "Executive Leadership in Australian Small Business." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 4, no. 1 (February 2003): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101299384.

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This study represents the first in-depth investigation of leadership in Australian small businesses (fewer than 100 employees) and was based on a nationwide sample of 655 executives. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire — MLQ (Bass and Avolio, 1997) was used to examine transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership and the outcomes of extra effort and effectiveness. Significant differences among subgroups were identified according to gender, experience and level of seniority. This study is important for establishing new benchmarks for Australian small business leadership as perceived by executives themselves. Implications and directions for further research are examined.

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Lewis, Kieran. "Australian Newspapers Online: Four Business Models Revisited." Media International Australia 111, no. 1 (May 2004): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411100113.

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This article revisits four online news business models, first documented in 1997, to discuss current worldwide newspaper website trends and new research data on Australian newspaper websites. The data are from a survey of Australian newspapers and their websites, and show that the Australian experience mirrors international experience in terms of the growth of newspapers online and their lack of profitability. The survey shows that, while there is international evidence that providing news content online reduces offline newspaper subscriptions, a third of the newspapers studied registered circulation increases after setting up their websites. While there is international evidence that generating revenue through online advertising is difficult, for nearly half of the newspapers studied, overall advertising revenue increased after setting up their websites. The survey also found that, while newspaper publishers worldwide continue to rely mainly on the subscription and advertising business models to generate revenue online, there is evidence that Australian newspapers are forming online alliances with other media and non-media businesses to facilitate their online business activities.

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Collins, Darrian, and Clem Tisdell. "Outbound Business Travel Depends on Business Returns: Australian Evidence." Australian Economic Papers 43, no. 2 (June 2004): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2004.00224.x.

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Purdy, B. "HOW COMPETITIVE IS THE AUSTRALIAN INCOME TAX REGIME FOR EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION?" APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00049.

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‘Australia must have a taxation system which equips it for the coming decades, not for those that have passed. If we do not achieve this, Australians will not enjoy the standard of living this nation has the potential to deliver’ (Ralph et al, 1999).One of the outcomes of the increasingly global nature of the resource industry is countries, especially those in close proximity to each other, are now competing for investment in resource projects. A key factor for investors assessing competing resource projects is the host country’s fiscal regime, including income tax, as this can significantly affect a project’s profitability and cash flow.The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the income tax regime and issues currently facing the upstream Australian oil and gas industry (Sarich, 20001 ). In particular, this paper will:examine the Federal Government’s Review of Business Taxation and identify how the announcements impact on exploration and production activities;compare the Australian income tax regime on exploration and production to other countries in the region with whom Australia competes for investment and capital; andcomment on income tax issues facing Australian resource companies when conducting foreign activities.

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Backhouse, Kim, and Mark Wickham. "Corporate governance, boards of directors and corporate social responsibility: The Australian context." Corporate Ownership and Control 17, no. 4 (2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv17i4art5.

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The challenge of corporate governance in Australian corporations is similar to those faced by the majority of corporations operating globally albeit the manner in which corporate governance is structured in Australia represents a strong reflection of the island continent’s people, egalitarian culture, and legislative framework. This article considers the legal framework in which Australian corporations operate within, which includes a discussion of corporate governance principles, the role of directors and ownership structures of companies in Australia. Australian board of director practices are discussed in detailed and this article outlines how these practices are heavily influenced by the Australian Commonwealth Corporations Law (which sets out mandatory legal requirements that all Australian companies must adhere to). The article continues to explore briefly directors’ remuneration practices, recent shareholder’s rights protection and activism, the importance of corporate governance and the link to firm performance, and finally the importance of corporate social responsibility in the Australian context.

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Artin, Parisa, and Sorena Artin. "Bank of sustainability: a business approach to motivate people to engage with sustainability." Independent Journal of Management & Production 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.1005.

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Among all nation members of OECD, Australia is the highest greenhouse gas polluter. To solve this issue, Australian government has initiated some policies and incentives for the businesses to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. However, individuals and households play a key role in greenhouse gas emissions as one fifth of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions are coming from the Australian households. It is required to provide effective extrinsic motivation to the people to embed sustainability into their daily life. “Bank of Sustainability” is a new business concept introduced in this paper to provide such motivation for involving individuals in sustainability. Bank of sustainability provides tangible advantages to its customers for their engagement with sustainable practices leading to a major behavioural change and positive movement to a more sustainable environment and society.

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Rao, Sally, and Lorelle Frazer. "Australian Franchisor Websites: Moving towards Network Behaviour." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2006): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer1010006.

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Australia is one of the leading nations using the internet in both business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-tobusiness (B2B) settings (ABS 2004). However, little academic attention has been paid to the adoption of internetbased technology in the Australian franchising sector. Thus this paper addresses the problem of how Australian franchise organisations use internet-based technologies in their franchise systems. This research examines the websites of a sample of 202 Australian franchisors to determine their function as a communication and marketing tool within the franchise network. The aim is to document the web activities undertaken by Australian franchisors to provide an exploratory and descriptive snapshot that can be used as a platform for theoretical efforts The analysis reveals that adoption of internet technologies is still in its infancy in Australian franchise systems with the major uses of franchisor websites being providing information to consumers and as a means of attracting potential franchisees. There is evidence that franchise organisations are moving towards network behaviour through the internet.

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Brumfield, Robin G., and Peter F. McSweeney. "A Business Profile of Australian Nurseries." HortTechnology 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.8.2.225.

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A 1995 study of 22 Australian nurseries 1) developed a profile of production, management, and profitability; 2) compared their performance to relevant U.S. benchmarks; and 3) identified trends and potential areas of improvement in the management of Australian nursery enterprises. The study confirmed that Australian nurseries incur high labor costs (38.8% of sales) comparable to United States nurseries, while costs of materials and supplies were lower than in the United States. Australian managers were concerned with marketing and recruiting and keeping labor rather than increasing capital investment to enhance production efficiency. Capital expenditures were funded from internal cash flow rather than external financing. Many of the nursery managers used relatively simple performance indicators, and most business objectives were stated in general terms. Concerns about the viability of the industry included oversupply, the growth in chain stores' business, factors eroding the demand for nursery products, and greater regulation.

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CALVERT, CHERYL, MIKE O'CONNOR, and JOHN BENTLEY. "BUSINESS OWNERS'/MANAGERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE INTERNET: AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 06, no. 02 (June 1998): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495898000126.

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This paper details an Australian study, conducted by the Small Business Research Unit at Victoria University of Technology, of Internet usage by small business. The objectives of this study were to: explore the expectations of small businesses setting up webpages on the Internet; analyse the commercial impact of the Internet; determine any benefits from using the Internet; and to ascertain any problems associated with using the Internet. The methodology involved a questionnaire distributed either via electronic mail or the World Wide Web. The main findings indicated that the average number of Internet sales inquiries per month appeared low compared to other countries such as the UK and USA. The majority of businesses received less than 20 sales inquiries per month via the Internet and only half of the respondent businesses indicated that sales had increased as a direct result of being on the Internet. Despite this, there existed optimism regarding business use of the Internet with the majority of business owners/managers claiming that the benefits of being on the Internet outweighed the costs, and that their expectations were met in using the Internet. Businesses involved in the computing industry had the highest level of optimism.

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Macdonald, John. "The Australian Male Policy: Unfinished Business." International Journal of Mens Social and Community Health 1, SP1 (August 24, 2018): e50-e56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/ijmsch.v1isp1.8.

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This comment on the Australian Male Health Policy draws on the framework suggested by Buse, May and Walt which suggests that insights can be achieved by looking at the content, context, process and actors involved.1 As a preliminary step in such analysis, these three elements are briefly looked at. This allows for acknowledgement of some of the strengths of the policy, not least of all its focus on the social determinants of men’s health, a framework often applied to other subpopulations, but rarely to men. On another positive note, the policy led to the funding of a national men’s health longitudinal study and support for the Men’s Shed movement. I also highlight the benefits of the community consultations which occurred, which allowed men from across the country to express their views on men’s health needs. Mention is made of the Brazilian Men’s Health Policy and the Irish Men’s Health Policy and Action Plan from which lessons could be learned.

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Roberts, Nick. "Prospects for Australian plantations: business perspectives." Australian Forestry 66, no. 1 (January 2003): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2003.10674884.

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Cashin, Paul, and Sam Ouliaris. "Key Features of Australian Business Cycles." IMF Working Papers 01, no. 171 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451858501.001.

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Cordover, Robert. "A Business Analysis of Australian Aquaculture." Maritime Studies 1991, no. 61 (November 1991): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07266472.1991.10878293.

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McKenna, Richard J. "Business Computerized Simulation: The Australian Experience." Simulation & Gaming 22, no. 1 (March 1991): 36–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878191221003.

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Rouse, Rada. "Australian report favors more monkey business." Nature Medicine 5, no. 2 (February 1999): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/5487.

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Cashin, Paul, and Sam Ouliaris. "Key Features of Australian Business Cycles." Australian Economic Papers 43, no. 1 (March 2004): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2004.00215.x.

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Laczniak, Eugene R., Anthony Pecotich, and B. Carroll. "A tough future for Australian business?" Long Range Planning 22, no. 1 (February 1989): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(89)90051-4.

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Photphisutthiphong, Nopphawan, and Mark Weder. "Observations on the Australian Business Cycle." Journal of Business Cycle Research 12, no. 2 (August 24, 2016): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41549-016-0007-0.

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