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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 1 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Austenitic cast steel":

1

Pietrowski, S. "Wearing Quality of Austenitic, Duplex Cast Steel, Gray and Spheroidal Graphite Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0067-0.

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Wearing Quality of Austenitic, Duplex Cast Steel, Gray and Spheroidal Graphite Iron The current work presents the research results of abrasion wear and adhesive wear at rubbing and liquid friction of new austenitic, austenitic-ferritic ("duplex") cast steel and gray cast iron EN-GJL-250, spheroidal graphite iron EN-GJS-600-3, pearlitic with ledeburitic carbides and spheroidal graphite iron with ledeburitic carbides with a microstructure of the metal matrix: pearlitic, upper bainite, mixture of upper and lower bainite, martensitic with austenite, pearlitic-martensitic-bainitic-ausferritic obtained in the raw state. The wearing quality test was carried out on a specially designed and made bench. Resistance to abrasion wear was tested using sand paper P40. Resistance to adhesive wear was tested in interaction with steel C55 normalized, hardened and sulfonitrided. The liquid friction was obtained using CASTROL oil. It was stated that austenitic cast steel and "duplex" are characterized by a similar value of abrasion wear and adhesive wear at rubbing friction. The smallest decrease in mass was shown by the cast steel in interaction with the sulfonitrided steel C55. Austenitic cast steel and "duplex" in different combinations of friction pairs have a higher wear quality than gray cast iron EN-GJL-250 and spheroidal graphite iron EN-GJS-600-3. Austenitic cast steel and "duplex" are characterized by a lower wearing quality than the spheroidal graphite iron with bainitic-martensitic microstructure. In the adhesive wear test using CASTROL oil the tested cast steels and cast irons showed a small mass decrease within the range of 1÷2 mg.
2

Çelik, G. Aktaş, Fulya Kahrıman, Ş. Hakan Atapek, and Şeyda Polat. "Characterization of the high temperature oxidation behavior of iron based alloys used as exhaust manifolds." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818802001.

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Nowadays engine capacities of vehicles spread in a wide range due to different vehicle power demands. Power density of engines affects exhaust gas and therefore exhaust gas temperature varies from 650 °C to 1000 °C in exhaust manifolds. Depending on the exhaust gas temperature, different types of iron based alloys are used as manifold materials such as ferritic ductile cast irons (GGG40, SiMo), austenitic ductile cast irons (Ni-resist D5S), ferritic cast stainless steels (ACIHK30, AISI 409) and austenitic cast stainless steels (CF8C). In this study high temperature oxidation behavior of different cast alloys used as exhaust manifold materials like, (i) GGG40 ferritic ductile cast iron, (ii) SiMo ferritic ductile cast iron (iii) AISI 409 ferritic cast stainless steel and (iv) CF8C austenitic cast stainless steel, were investigated.
3

Kalandyk, B. "Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Resistance of 18Cr-4Ni-2.5Mo Cast Steel." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0111-0.

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Abstract An influence of a decreased Cr content on the microstructure of the highly alloyed Cr-Ni cast steel, duplex type, melted under laboratory conditions, was characterized in the paper. The microstructure investigations were performed in the initial state and after the heat treatment (solution annealing) at 1060°C as well as the phase transformation kinetics at continuous cooling was measured. The wear resistance of the investigated cast steel was tested and compared with the 24%Cr-5%Ni-2.5%Mo cast steel. The Cr content decrease, in ferritic-austenitic cast steels (duplex), from 24-26%Cr to 18% leads to the changes of the castings microstructure and eliminating of a brittle σ phase. In dependence of the casting cooling rate, apart from ferrite and austenite, also fine martensite precipitates occur in the casting structure. It was shown that the investigated cast steel is characterised by a slightly lower wear resistance than the typical cast steel duplex grades.
4

Sakaki, Hayato, Masayuki Mizumoto, Takeshi Ohgai, and Akio Kagawa. "New Application of High Niobium Cast Iron as a Grain Refiner for Stainless Steels." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.447.

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In order to develop a new application of cast iron, high niobium cast iron has been developed as a grain refiner for stainless steel. High niobium cast iron was prepared by adding pure niobium to a commercial cast iron. Coarse primary niobium carbide crystals were observed in the microstructure of the cast iron. The effect of the high niobium cast iron as an inoculant on the grain size of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels was examined in various experimental conditions. When the amount of the cast iron inoculant more than 3 mass% was added into the steel melt, fine equiaxed grains were observed and grain size was significantly reduced to 210 μm. The results indicate that the high niobium cast iron is effective as a grain refiner for the austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. From the dissolution rate measurement, the grain refining mechanism was proposed.
5

Kalandyk, B., R. Zapała, Ł. Boroń, and M. Solecka. "Impact Strength of Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Cr-Ni Stainless Cast Steel in -40 and +20°C Temperature." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 1103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0190.

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Abstract Studies described in this paper relate to common grades of cast corrosion resistant Cr-Ni steel with different matrix. The test materials were subjected to heat treatment, which consisted in the solution annealing at 1060°C followed by cooling in water. The conducted investigations, besides the microstructural characteristics of selected cast steel grades, included the evaluation of hardness, toughness (at a temperature of -40 and +20oC) and type of fracture obtained after breaking the specimens on a Charpy impact testing machine. Based on the results of the measured volume fraction of ferrite, it has been found that the content of this phase in cast austenitic steel is 1.9%, while in the two-phase ferritic-austenitic grades it ranges from 50 to 58%. It has been demonstrated that within the scope of conducted studies, the cast steel of an austenitic structure is characterised by higher impact strength than the two-phase ferritic-austenitic (F-A) grade. The changing appearance of the fractures of the specimens reflected the impact strength values obtained in the tested materials. Fractures of the cast austenitic Cr-Ni steel obtained in these studies were of a ductile character, while fractures of the cast ferritic-austenitic grade were mostly of a mixed character with the predominance of brittle phase and well visible cleavage planes.
6

Berezovsky, A. V., E. B. Votinova, and A. S. Smolentsev. "The technology of arc welding of dissimilar steels." Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures, no. 5 (October 2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17804/2410-9908.2023.5.031-038.

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Arc narrow gap welding of the 35L carbon cast steel (cast carbon steel J03502, grade 1) and the 110G13L high-manganese steel (austenitic manganese steel, ASTM A128) is performed using chromium-nickel-manganese wires in a shielding gas mixture (GOST R ISO 14175–2010 – M21). The welded samples are examined by different methods including optical metallography, hardness measurement, and mechanical tests. The weld metal structure along the weld height in the welded samples proves to be fairly uniform, namely austenite with ferrite inclusions. The experiment results show that the mechanical properties of the weld metal correspond to the intermediate values for the joined steels. The developed technology has made it possible to produce a welded joint with high mechanical properties and a ductile structure.
7

Aftandiliants, Y. G. "The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of modified stainless steels." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 102, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2022.02.045.

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The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of structure on the mechanical properties of microalloyed and modified austenitic stainless steels. It is shown that the mechanical properties of cast austenitic stainless steels with a probability of 95 % and an error of 0.46 to 13.2 % are determined by such structural parameters as austenite grain size, carbide phase and ferrite content in austenite after quenching, quantity, size and distance between oxide, titanium sulfides and carbonitrides particles. Mathematical models of the structure influence on the yield strength, reduction of area and toughness of stainless steels are built. The structure parameter effectiveness is shown and it is shown that to increase the efficiency of strength, reduction of area and toughness of stainless steels at normal temperature structural factors affect in the following sequence: austenite grain size, volume fraction, size and distribution of titanium carbonitrides and sulfides, the total quantity of non-metallic inclusions, carbides and ferrite in austenite after hardening of stainless steel, as well as the volume fraction, size and distribution of oxide inclusions. Keywords: steel, structure, mechanical properties, strength, ductility, toughness.
8

Sydorchuk, O. M. "Steel with control austenitic transformation during operation." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 98, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2021.02.047.

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The intermediate class of steels, which at room temperature belong to the ferritic state, and at operating temperature pass into the austenitic region, are called steels with control of austenitic transformation during operation. The possibility of increasing the service life of such intermediate steels at high temperatures (above the critical point A3) is shown. For the first time, the cast structure and phase-structural state of steel (grade 4Kh3N5М3F) obtained by electroslag remelting were studied. An improved composition of steel (4Kh4N5М3F) for the production of stamping tools for hot pressing of copper, copper and aluminum alloys is proposed. When setting the critical points (A1 and A3) of the investigated steel, which was confirmed by the results of high-temperature X-ray phase analysis, it was possible to optimize the heat treatment (annealing) of steel 4Kh3N5M3F and 4Kh4N5M4F2 in cast and forged condition, which facilitated processing tool. The results of researches on optimization of modes of heat treatment (hardening, tempering) of steel are given. The mechanical properties (strength, toughness, heat resistance) of steel in cast and forged state depending on the tempering and tempering temperature are determined. The tempering brittleness of the experimental steel is determined. An experimental-industrial test of a stamping tool (die dies, extruder parts) made of the investigated steel was carried out. The possibility of using stamped steel with adjustable austenitic transformation for a wide range of operating temperatures of hot deformation of aluminum alloy AK7h (450-500 ºC), copper M1 (600-630 ºC) and copper-nickel alloy MNZh 5-1 (900-950 ºC) with increased service life in comparison with steels of ferrite class 4Kh5МF1S and 3Kh3М3F. Keywords: die steel, composition, thermal treatment, structure, mechanical properties.
9

Stradomski, G. "The Analysis of AISI A3 Type Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel Crystallization Mechanism." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0120.

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AbstractHigh-alloy corrosion-resistant ferritic-austenitic steels and cast steels are a group of high potential construction materials. This is evidenced by the development of new alloys both low alloys grades such as the ASTM 2101 series or high alloy like super or hyper duplex series 2507 or 2707 [1-5]. The potential of these materials is also presented by the increasing frequency of sintered components made both from duplex steel powders as well as mixtures of austenitic and ferritic steels [6, 7]. This article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier works [5, 8, 9] and its inspiration were technological observed problems related to the production of duplex cast steel.The analyzed AISI A3 type cast steel is widely used in both wet exhaust gas desulphurisation systems in coal fired power plants as well as in aggressive working environments. Technological problems such as hot cracking presented in works [5, 8], with are effects of the rich chemical composition and phenomena occurring during crystallization, must be known to the technologists.The presented in this work phenomena which occur during the crystallization and cooling of ferritic-austenitic cast steel were investigated using numerical methods with use of the ThermoCalc and FactSage® software, as well with use of experimental thermal-derivative analysis.
10

Garbiak, Małgorzata, and Bogdan Piekarski. "Phases in Austenitic Cast Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.215.

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The paper presents the characteristics of intermetallic phases occurring in heat-resistant cast austenitic 0.3% C-30% Ni-18% Cr steel with additions of niobium and titanium. Five alloys were examined, in which the content of the examined elements was (wt.%) Nb 0.03, 0.55, 1.57 and 1.92, and Ti 0.03, 0.05, 0.30, 0.83 and 1.00. The phase composition of alloys in as-cast state and after annealing (temperature of 800°C and 900°C, time of up to 300 hrs) was examined by X-ray diffraction technique. Depending on the chemical composition of cast steel, carbides of MC type (NbC, TiC, (Nb,Ti)C), M23C6, titanium carbonitrides TiCN and G phase were identified in its microstructure. The phase morphology was examined on the polished sections and surfaces of metallographic specimens after deep etching by electrolytic extraction method. It was found that M23C6carbides assume the shape of rods, NbC carbides crystallise in the form of lamellae, and titanium carbonitrides TiCN in the form of cubes. An addition of both the stabilising elements favours the formation of double carbides (Nb,Ti)C of octahedral habit.
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Статті в журналах

Дисертації з теми "Austenitic cast steel":

1

Woodward, Neil J. "Pool oscillations and cast variations : penetration control for orbital tig welding of austenitic stainless steel tubing." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4512.

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Pool oscillations in tungsten inert gas welding pools have been used in a closed-loop control system for orbital welding of ultra high purity tubing, determining a target level of penetration by altering the welding current in real-time. The technique is ideally suited to this application since it is does not contravene the cleanliness requirements for the inner bore and can be implemented outside the small orbital heads that are commonly used. The results presented in this thesis show how clear pool oscillation signals in extremely small molten pools can be monitored by optimising the welding conditions and signal processing of the arc voltage signal. As an indicator of the likely variation in cast behaviour present particularly in austenitic stainless steels, a 'time-to-penetrate' characterisation was made of the materials, using the time of the transition from the Mode 1 to the Mode 3 oscillation behaviour as the measured variable. By applying the test across a range of welding currents, significant insight was obtained into the cast and associated penetration behaviour. Late transitions indicated casts that exhibited significantly different responses to the more usually applied welding procedures, especially at the lower levels of welding current (highlighting their potentially more problematic penetration behaviour). It was shown that the established theoretical models were difficult to apply with certainty to moving weld pools, and consequently a fuzzy logic model was used in the control strategy. The closed-loop system comprised a user-interface PC, a control rack and commercial welding power source - control signals were applied every 2 to 3 Hz. Mode 3 pool oscillations were found to offer a more than satisfactory sensitivity to the inner bead width created for the various casts of 1.65 mm wall thickness materials studied.
2

Ponížil, Ondřej. "Studium intermetalických fází v lité duplexní oceli." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400838.

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This thesis deals with the study of intermetallic phases in cast duplex stainless steel ASTM A890 Grade 4A considering degradation of mechanical properties in the result of isothermal aging in the temperature of 700 °C and 595 °C. The period of aging in the temperature of 700 °C was ranging from 1 to 160 hours and in the temperature of 595 °C it was ranging from 24 to 245 hours. The study of microstructure after aging in the temperature of 700 °C has proved that the -phases, Laves phases, chromium carbides and chromium nitrides were excluded. The phase was observed after four hours of aging in the temperature of 700 °C in / interface for the first time. The transformation was performed by eutectoid mechanism according to the equation + 2. The Laves phase has been observed after 10 hours of aging in / interphase and later in the ferrite grain as well. Chromium carbides and nitrides have created a continuous contour along to the / and /2 interface. After the temperature of 595°C there have been observed a large amount of small precipitates in the structure. The precipitates have been extracted from some selected samples to carbon replica. Following analysis has confirmed the presence of chromium carbides, -phases and Laves phases. The deterioration of mechanical properties, caused by the influence of secondary phase exclusion, has been confirmed by the Vickers hardness test and impact test including fractography analysis of the fracture surface. The hardness has an increasing tendency while the impact strength has been significantly reduced.
3

Molina, Griggs Alejandro José. "Laser Metal Powder Deposition of Austenitic Stainless Steel on Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron : A corrosion resistant coating for the Food & Beverage Industry." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för svetsteknologi (SV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13016.

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Spheroidal graphite cast iron is a material widely used in the industry for the manufacturing of all kind of covers and protective casings thanks to its good combination of mechanical properties, processability and cost. When cast iron components are put into service in corrosive environments the most common approach to protect the components is painting them. The protective painting has been found to flake off with time when aggressive washing procedures, such as the ones used in the Food & Beverage industry, are applied several times. In this project, the coating of cast iron with a corrosion resistant AISI 316L stainless steel by Laser Metal Powder Deposition has been studied as an alternative protection against corrosion. Several samples with different combinations of substrate preparation, number of layers and surface conditions were produced and analysed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, wash down tests and salt spray chamber corrosion tests. Main results show that the diffusion of carbon from the carbon-rich cast iron to the stainless steel coating, which would have a negative effect on the corrosion resistant properties, was significantly low as a result of the low penetration and dilution achieved during the laser metal powder deposition process. The deposited stainless steel coatings successfully protected the substrate during the corrosion tests and the integrity of the coatings is not expected to fail during the washing producers applied in the industry.
4

Moya, Alice. "High temperature corrosion in exhaust application for heavy-duty trucks." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259660.

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Increasing awareness of environmental protection has made both governments and the industry aim for lowering carbon dioxide emissions. For the transport industry this means increasing engine efficiency, replacing fossil fuels with bio-based fuels or full electrification. For heavy-duty trucks, the first two options are currently the paths taken as short and mid-term solutions. These alternatives introduce new service conditions to the engines; namely higher combustion temperature and pressure, which will impose increased thermal and mechanical loads on the engine parts. In particular, the exhaust system parts must withstand constant thermal cycles in their normal operation. In heavy-duty trucks, exhaust systems are mostly manufactured from cast iron or cast steel. The usual materials, such as cast iron SiMo51 are reaching their maximum operating temperature, therefore new materials must come forward to fulfill new challenges. These materials oxidize at high temperatures forming different types of scales, which sometimes can act as protective barriers preventing their degradation. However, thermal cycles in the engine can impose new stresses and strains in these newly formed oxide scales, sometimes leading to spallation. A continuous spallation behavior in the exhaust systems is deleterious for the system, and the debris could also affect the downstream engine parts. This investigation focuses on the study of high temperature oxidation behavior of four iron-based candidate materials. Samples of two ductile cast irons and two austenitic stainless steels were exposed to thermal cycling in a simulated exhaust gas atmosphere at 850 °C, and to isothermal experiments at 850 °C and 900 °C in a stagnant air atmosphere. Additionally, the thermodynamics and kinetics were simulated using Thermo-Calc and Dictra software, respectively.  The results show that SiMo1000 grows a relatively thick iron-rich oxide layer with evidence of internal oxidation aided by the graphite shape exhibited by the alloy. The other cast iron Ni-Resist behaves better than SiMo1000, forming chromia and silica layers that prevent internal oxidation from occurring, although some spallation did occur in water containing atmospheres. 1.4832 behaved poorly compared to the other materials, entering into breakaway oxidation mode throughout all the exposures; therefore, it is not a material suited for high temperature service. HK30 was susceptible to water aided chromium evaporation but had a comparatively small mass change throughout the experiments; nonetheless, there was evidence of internal oxidation following interdendritic zones. Also casting defects were observed in these areas. Both might affect mechanical properties at high temperature.
Ökad miljömedvetenhet har gjort att både industri och politiker har satt upp mål för att sänka koldioxidutsläppen. För transportbranschen innebär detta till exempel ökad motoreffektivitet, att fossila bränslen ersätts med biobaserade bränslen eller full elektrifiering. För tunga lastbilar är de två första alternativen de som är aktuella på kort och medellång sikt. Dessa alternativ innebär nya förhållanden för motorn; nämligen högre förbränningstemperatur och -tryck, vilket kommer att öka termisk och mekanisk last på motorn. Detta är särskilt tydligt för avgassystemet, eftersom det utsätts för termisk cykling vid normal drift. Avgassystemet i en tung lastbil är oftast gjort i gjutjärn och ibland i gjutstål. Gjutjärnen, t ex segjärn SiMo51, börjar nu närma sig sin maximala driftstemperatur och nya material behöver introduceras. Vid höga temperaturer oxiderar dessa metalliska material och bildar olika typer av oxidskal. Beroende på sammansättningen på oxidskalet, kan det fungera som skydd för underliggande material. Termisk cykling kan ge spänningar i oxidskiktet som i sin tur kan ge flagning av skiktet. Om flagningen fortsätter kontinuerligt, förbrukas dels material, men flagorna kan också ge skador nedströms i avgassystemet. I detta arbete undersöks fyra järnbaserade kandidatmaterial avseende högtemperaturkorrosion. Prover av två gjutjärn och två austenitiska rostfria gjutstål exponerades dels isotermt vid 850 °C och 900 °C i stillastående luft, dels i experiment med termisk cykling i en simulerad flödande avgasatmosfär och varm temperatur 850 °C. Dessutom användes termodynamisk programvara (Thermo-Calc/DICTRA) för att simulera termodynamik och kinetik. Resultaten visar att SiMo1000 bildar ett relativt tjockt, järnrikt oxidskikt med viss inre oxidation som verkar följa grafitstråk i materialet. Det andra gjutjärnet, segjärnet Ni-Resist, beter sig bättre än SiMo1000 och bildar krom och kiseldioxidlager som förhindrar intern oxidation. Viss flagning observerades i den cykliska exponeringen. 1.4832 visade ett sämre beteende än de andra materialen och bildade inget skyddande oxidskikt, utan visade kontinuerlig massförlust i samtliga exponeringar. Detta material är därför inte lämpligt för de undersökta högtemperaturmiljöerna. HK30 visade låg massförlust i samtliga undersökningar med oxidation i interdendritiska områden. Även gjutfel som t ex porer observerades idessa områden. Båda kan påverka materialets mekaniska egenskaper vid dessa temperaturer.
5

Meskine, Zeineb. "Modélisation de la tenue en fatigue à haute température d'aciers moulés austénitiques : Application au dimensionnement des turbocompresseurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAE002.

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Les turbocompresseurs, composants des moteurs à combustion interne, sont couramment fabriqués en acier inoxydable austénitique comme la nuance 1.4837. Le respect des réglementations ayant trait aux émissions polluantes des véhicules induit des chargements thermomécaniques de plus en plus sévères qui influence notamment la résistance à la fatigue oligocyclique de ces pièces. Les critères de fatigue relavant de l'amorçage de fissure conduisent à des analyses numériques qui ne sont pas cohérentes avec les durées de vie mesurées à l'essai. La prise en compte de la propagation de fissure devient alors un enjeu majeur de conception. Il s'agit donc ici de proposer un modèle comprenant à la fois les éléments utiles à la définition d'un amorçage de fissure dans un cadre de fatigue sous conditions anisothermes mais aussi ceux nécessaires pour décrire la propagation de fissures en condition de viscoplasticité généralisée.Après avoir détaillé la problématique industrielle et les thématiques scientifiques associées, une caractérisation métallurgique est menée sur l'acier inoxydable 1.4837 où la composition chimique, les phases en présence et la taille de grains sont analysés, mettant en évidence une microstructure grossière et une dispersion importante des modules de Young. Les critères existants sont alors analysés et les faiblesses quant à l'estimation du nombre de cycles à amorçage des essais de fatigue et des durées de vie de la structure industrielle sont identifiées. Une reformulation du critère est alors proposée en intégrant tout d'abord une dépendance à la température d'essai puis la contribution mutuelle de l'énergie plastique dissipée par cycle stabilisé et l'énergie d'ouverture élastique, ce qui permet de prendre en compte les effets de fermeture et de contrainte moyenne. Des essais de fissuration uniaxiale sur éprouvettes entaillées et sous chargements isothermes et anisothermes pour une plage de température entre 300 °C et 950 °C sont ensuite menés afin d'analyser les vitesses de propagation de fissure en fonction de la température, l'amplitude et le rapport du chargement. Pour l'acier considéré, les fissures se propagent en mode transgranulaire tandis que les chemins de propagation observés sont perpendiculaires à la direction de sollicitation même si des interactions entre microstructure et fissures induisent des oscillations. Les effets de fermeture macroscopique et locale en lien avec la viscoplasticité cyclique et la température sont finement analysés. Les courbes de propagation de fissure ont été établies d'abord dans le cadre simplifié de la mécanique linéaire de la rupture. Elles apparaissent décorrélées de la microstructure locale du matériau étudié, mettant en évidence une bonne répétabilité du comportement. Ensuite, une approche basée sur une loi de micro-propagation est également proposée afin d'estimer les vitesses de propagation à partir d'une formulation énergétique. Ce modèle a été validé pour différents niveaux de chargements et est facilement utilisable en bureau d'étude.Enfin, les courbes de propagation ont enfin été établies dans le cadre de la mécanique non-linéaire de la rupture par l'intermédiaire des simulations par éléments finis élasto-viscoplastiques de la propagation de fissure et de la méthode G-Theta dans l'outil Z-cracks. Une étude approfondie de l'évolution des forces motrices de la propagation a été effectuée afin d'évaluer la variation des facteurs d'intensité de contrainte et de la taille de la zone plastique en fonction du chargement et de la longueur de fissure. Une attention particulière est accordée à la description de la fermeture de fissure macroscopique et locale avec la viscoplasticité cyclique et la température. Une étude de corrélation essais/calcul a enfin permis de conclure sur la pertinence de l'ensemble des résultats
Turbochargers, components of internal combustion engines, are commonly manufactured in austenitic stainless steel such as grade 1.4837. The respect of the regulations concerning the polluting emissions of the vehicles induce more and more severe thermomechanical loads which influence in particular the resistance to the low cycle fatigue of these parts. Fatigue criteria related to crack initiation lead to numerical analyses that are not consistent with the lifetimes measured in the test. This observation also applies to other parts of the automotive sector and the consideration of crack propagation becomes a major design issue. The aim here is then to propose a model including both the elements useful for the definition of a crack initiation in a fatigue framework under anisothermal conditions but also those necessary to describe the propagation of cracks under generalized viscoplastic conditions.After having detailed the industrial problem and the associated scientific topics, a metallurgical characterization is carried out on stainless steel 1.4837 where the chemical composition, the phases in presence and the size of grains are analysed, highlighting a coarse microstructure and an important dispersion of the Young's moduli. The existing criteria, in particular at Stellantis, are then analysed and the weaknesses as for the estimation of the number of cycles to initiation of the fatigue tests and the lifetimes of the industrial structure are identified. A reformulation of the criterion is then proposed by integrating first a dependence on the test temperature and then the mutual contribution of the plastic energy dissipated per stabilized cycle and the elastic opening energy, which allows to take into account the effects of closure and mean stress. Uniaxial crack propagation tests on notched specimens and under isothermal and anisothermal loads for a temperature range between 300 °C and 950 °C (calibrated according to those measured on turbochargers) are then conducted to analyse the crack propagation rates as a function of temperature, amplitude and loading ratio. For the steel considered, the cracks propagate in transgranular mode while the observed propagation paths are perpendicular to the direction of loading even if interactions between microstructure and cracks induce oscillations. The macroscopic and local closure effects related to cyclic viscoplasticity and temperature are finely analysed and the propagation curves are then established first in the simplified framework of linear fracture mechanics. They appear to be uncorrelated with the local microstructure of the studied material, underlining a good repeatability of the behaviour. An approach based on a micro-propagation law is then proposed to estimate the propagation rates from an energy formulation. This model has been validated for different loading levels and can be easily used in a industrial design process.Finally, The propagation curves are finally established in the more realistic framework of nonlinear fracture mechanics through finite element simulations and the G-Theta method in the Z-cracks tool. An in-depth study of the evolution of the driving forces of the propagation was carried out in order to evaluate the variation of the stress intensity factors and the size of the plastic zone as a function of the loading and the crack length. Special attention is given to the description of macroscopic and local crack closure with cyclic viscoplasticity and temperature. Finally, a test/calculation correlation study has allowed us to conclude on the relevance of all the results
6

Kejha, Richard. "Segregace při tuhnutí v austeniticko-feritických korozivzdorných ocelích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401533.

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The master thesis deals with processes of segregation in austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. The introductory part consists of characteristics features of austenitic-ferritic steels and theoretical analysis of segregation processes. The second part shows practical measurements of segregation in experimental casting. Macrosegregation was measured on a spectrometric analyzer and simultaneously solved in the simulation program MAGMA. The aim of this thesis is to verify the effect of solidification time and dwell time between liquidus and solidus temperature on the chemical heterogeneity of duplex stainless steel casting of about 500 [mm]. Chemical heterogeneity was solved for selected alloying and accompanying elements such as C, Mo, Ni, Mn, Cr. The microsegregation was not addressed. Comparison of the mechanical properties of cast and heat treated duplex steel was done by tensile testing of samples cut from the center of the casting.
7

Heczko, Milan. "High Temperature Deformation Mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391818.

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Dvě pokročilé vysoce legované austenitické oceli s Fe-Ni-Cr matricí byly studovány za podmínek nízkocyklové únavy jak za pokojové tak vysoké teploty. Široká škála experimentálních a charakterizačních nástrojů byla použita ke studiu vzájemně souvisejících aspektů zahrnujících chemické složení slitin, mikrostrukturu, deformační mechanismy a celkovou odezvu materiálů na externě působící zatížení. Klíčové mechanismy a faktory definující mechanické vlastnosti a výkonnost v reálném provozu byly analyzovány a diskutovány v souvislosti s materiálovým designem. • Standardní únavové experimenty byly provedeny za pokojové teploty a teploty 700°C. Byly získány křivky cyklického zpevnění/změkčení, cyklické deformační křivky, Coffin-Manson a Wöhlerovy křivky. • Ke studiu změn mikrostrukturního stavu slitin v důsledku cyklického zatěžování za pokojové a zvýšené teploty byla použita široká škála technik charakterizace pomocí elektronové mikroskopie. • Únavové chování, pevnost a cyklická plastická odezva studovaných materiálů byla vysvětlena v souvislosti s mikrostrukturními změnami a mikrostrukturními aspekty deformačních mechanismů jak za pokojové tak za zvýšených teplot. • Bylo zjištěno, že Sanicro 25 vykazuje nejvyšší pevnostní charakteristiky ze všech materiálů stejné třídy. Výjimečné vlastnosti této slitiny jsou spojeny s populacemi dvou typů nanočástic, koherentními precipitáty bohatými na měď a nanočásticemi typu MX s charakteristikou disperzoidu. Tyto nanočástice mají klíčový vliv na pevnost a celkovou cyklickou odezvu. V důsledku interakcí s precipitáty způsobujících zachytávání je pohyb dislokací v Sanicro 25 významně zpomalen, což vede k potlačení normálních procesů zotavení obvykle vedoucích ke změně uspořádání dislokační struktury tak, aby byla celková vnitřní energie systému co nejnižší. Takové uspořádání je tvořeno například dislokačními buňkami. Jelikož jsou procesy zotavení potlačeny, dislokační struktura za vysokých teplot je charakteristická homogenní distribucí dislokací o vysoké hustotě s velkou mírou vzájemných interakcí. V kombinaci s dalšími mechanismy zpevnění jako jsou precipitáty a substituční prvky v tuhém roztoku, tyto deformační mechanismy vedou k významnému zvýšení cyklické pevnosti za vysokých teplot.
8

Malmberg, Andreas. "The influence of carbonitriding on hardness, retained austenite and residual stress in 52100 steel." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173804.

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High rolling contact fatigue parts are vital for the long service life of fuel pumps. Cummins Fuel Systems are currently using an M2 tool steel for one of the most important roller bearing application in their pumps, namely the cam follower. The future design of the cam follower is a pin-less tappet roller. The wear and fatigue properties of the roller is vital to ensure reliability of the fuel system. M2 tool steel is an expensive material and becomes even more so if diamond like coating (DLC) is needed to decrease the friction coefficients. To cut costs of the fuel pump it might be possible to replace the M2 tool steel with 52100 steel (100Cr6). Competitive methods have proven that carbonitrided 52100 can reach excellent wear and fatigue properties making it a candidate to replace M2 tool steel. How the properties of hardness, toughness and compressive residual stresses are developed in 52100 and how they affect the fatigue and wear resistance has been researched from the literature. A big part of this project was to do an extensive analysis of a roller bearing that was believed to have gone through one of these competitive methods that produce excellent wear and fatigue resistance. The analysis was done with background to the knowledge gathered from the literature. Finally process trials were set up to carbonitride 52100 steel samples. The trials were done to develop a better understanding of how adding carbon together with nitrogen to the surface of 52100 steel will influence the metallurgical parameters that results in good wear and fatigue resistance. From this analysis Cummins hope to create a process recipe that can be used for carbonitriding the cam follower and maybe other components in their fuel systems.
9

Kim, Yoon-Jun. "Phase Transformations in Cast Duplex Stainless Steels." Ames, Iowa : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Ames Laboratory ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2004. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/837274-V0QAJQ/webviewable/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (US); 19 Dec 2004.
Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 2322" Yoon-Jun Kim. US Department of Energy 12/19/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.
10

Lekganyane, Kedibone Melita. "Influence of primary cooling conditions and austenite conditioning on the hot ductility of simulated continuous cast peritectic steels." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79600.

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Surface transverse cracking is still one of the main problems in the continuous casting of steel. The cooling rate at the corners of the slab and strand is usually the highest. Therefore, depending on the cooling regime, the initial temperature drop (primary cooling to the Tmin values) in the corner regions can result in temperatures that fall into the low-temperature range of the austenite region or the α+γ transformation zone. This can cause ferrite formation or promote the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion particles at the grain boundaries and in ferrite due to the lower solubility of these particles in ferrite than in austenite. The objective of this study was to simulate the effect of the initial austenite conditioning, the extent of primary cooling, the magnitude of the temperature rebound and the unbending temperature on the ductility properties of a plain carbon peritectic steel grade under conditions resembling the commercial continuous casting process. The austenite grain conditioning was studied using two methods, the 1350 °C treatment and the simulated in-situ melting conditionings. Both of these conditionings were utilised to accomplish the initial austenite grain sizes similar to the as-cast microstructure in the magnitudes of ± 500 μm to ± 1000 μm. Bähr DIL805 Dilatometer equipment was used to simulate the heat treatments which allowed the study of the initial austenite grain size distributions. The Gleeble 1500D thermomechanical simulator was used to study the hot ductility behavior of the plain carbon peritectic steel grade. During the hot ductility test, the tensile specimens are usually solution treated at high temperatures, followed by cooling to the unbending temperatures and then fractured isothermally. However, in this study, instead of cooling the specimens directly to the unbending temperatures after the austenite treatment, the specimens were subjected to simulated primary cooling, followed by temperature rebound (i.e. ΔTr) of either 200 °C or 300 °C as well as a simulated secondary slow cooling process (at a cooling rate of 0.1 °C/s) and then isothermally deformed to fracture in the temperature range of 630–1060 °C. In both cases of the austenite conditioning, the ductility was observed to be high when the hot deformation specimens were subjected to Tmin (830 °C), this temperature being the minimum temperature reached after primary cooling and was very close to the equilibrium austenite start transformation temperature, 840 °C. In both cases of Tmin values closer to the equilibrium austenite start transformation temperature, the coarse-grained (± 500 μm) specimens showed better ductility results, compared to the abnormally large grained (±1000 μm) specimens. This was attributed to the differences in the microstructure such as the initial austenite grain sizes, the segregation effects and high fraction of non-metallic inclusion particles at the austenite grain boundaries. The influence of the magnitude of the rebound steps (i.e. ΔTr) was also studied. The result showed that for the specimens subjected to the Tmin (830 °C), ductility increased as the ΔTr increased from 200 °C to 300 °C. Moreover, with the rebound step of 300 °C ductility values increased further with an increase in the unbending temperatures (TU) and this was observed for the specimens heated to 1350 °C. In contrast to this observation for the specimens treated at 1350 °C, small ΔTr (200 °C) showed better hot ductility values than large ΔTr (300 °C) for the specimens molten in-situ condition and this was observed in the unbending temperature range of 830-940 °C. However, the hot ductility values of these specimens were observed to increase with an increase in unbending temperature range of 980-1040 °C. In both cases of the austenite conditionings, the relatively good ductility results were attributed to the beneficial effect of Tmin values. These temperatures were 10 °C and 30 °C below the equilibrium austenite start transformation temperature, Ae3 for the specimens treated at 1350 °C and molten in-situ conditions, respectively. After quenching the specimens from these temperatures (Tmin), no grain boundary films of ferrite were observed. Due to the absence of ferrite, a smaller density of inclusion particles at the grain boundaries was expected. Furthermore, the effect of Tmax values (e.g. 1030 °C and 1130 °C) and high unbending temperatures (830-1060 °C and 830-960 °C) were also thought to have contributed towards good ductility results. The hot ductility values only decreased when the unbending temperatures fell below the Ar3S (~788 °C) temperature and this was observed for both austenite conditionings.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
MSc
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Книги з теми "Austenitic cast steel":

1

Leinonen, Jouko. Cast-To-Cast Variations In Weld Penetration In Austenitic Stainless Steels. Oulu: University of Oulu, 1987.

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2

Parrish, Geoffrey. Carburizing. ASM International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cmp.9781627083379.

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Carburizing: Microstructures and Properties explains how to recognize and address problems associated with case carburizing treatments for steels. It examines the nature of internal oxidation, decarburization, free carbides, and retained austenite and their effect on fatigue and fracture strength, wear resistance, impact toughness, hardness, and other properties. It discusses the influence of grain size, microcracking, microsegregation, and nonmetallic inclusions and explains how composition and cooling rate determine the core properties of carburized steel parts and how alloy and carbon content largely determine the depth and hardness of the case. It also discusses the effect of tempering, refrigeration, grinding, roller burnishing, and shot peening, and makes extensive use of images, graphs, charts, and examples throughout. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-666-9, follow this link.

Частини книг з теми "Austenitic cast steel":

1

Wu, Xijia, Guangchun Quan, and Clayton Sloss. "Low Cycle Fatigue of Cast Austenitic Steel." In Fatigue and Fracture Test Planning, Test Data Acquisitions and Analysis, 37–57. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159820160030.

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2

McCracken, Steven L., and Richard E. Smith. "Behavior and Hot Cracking Susceptibility of Filler Metal 52 M (ERNiCrFe-7A) Overlays on Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Base Materials." In Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III, 333–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2_17.

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3

Durand-Charre, Madeleine. "The decomposition of austenite." In Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, 179–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08729-9_9.

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4

Chen, Y., C. Xu, X. Zhang, W. Y. Chen, J. S. Park, J. Almer, M. Li, et al. "Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Thermally Aged Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1841–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04639-2_124.

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5

Lach, Timothy G., and Thak Sang Byun. "Microstructural Evolution of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels Under Accelerated Thermal Aging." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1859–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04639-2_125.

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6

Chen, Y., C. Xu, X. Zhang, W. Y. Chen, J. S. Park, J. Almer, M. Li, et al. "Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Thermally Aged Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 625–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68454-3_48.

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7

Lach, Timothy G., and Thak Sang Byun. "Microstructural Evolution of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels Under Accelerated Thermal Aging." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 643–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68454-3_49.

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8

Chengliang, Li, Deng Xiaoyun, Yin Zhiying, and Duan Yuangang. "Thermal Aging Performance of Domestic Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels in Nuclear Power Plants." In Energy Materials 2014, 481–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48765-6_57.

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9

Chengliang, Li, Deng Xiaoyun, Yin Zhiying, and Duan Yuangang. "Thermal Aging Performance of Domestic Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels in Nuclear Power Plants." In Energy Materials 2014, 481–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119027973.ch57.

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10

Yang, Yong, Yiren Chen, Yina Huang, Todd Allen, and Appajosula Rao. "Irradiation Microstructure of Austenitic Steels and Cast Steels Irradiated in the BOR-60 Reactor at 320°C." In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems — Water Reactors, 2137–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48760-1_128.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Austenitic cast steel":

1

Liu, Yi, Devin Hess, Qigui Wang, and Jason Coryell. "Thermomechanical Fatigue Behavior of a Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2683.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Cast austenitic stainless steels, such as 1.4837Nb, are widely used for turbo housing and exhaust manifolds which are subjected to elevated temperatures. Due to assembly constraints, geometry limitation, and particularly high temperatures, thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) issue is commonly seen in the service of those components. Therefore, it is critical to understand the TMF behavior of the cast steels. In the present study, a series of fatigue tests including isothermal low cycle fatigue tests at elevated temperatures up to 1100°C, in-phase and out-of-phase TMF tests in the temperature ranges 100-800°C and 100-1000°C have been conducted. Both creep and oxidation are active in these conditions, and their contributions to the damage of the steel are discussed.</div></div>
2

Maziasz, Philip J., and Bruce A. Pint. "High Temperature Performance of Cast CF8C-Plus Austenitic Stainless Steel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23006.

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Covers and casings of small to medium size gas turbines, can be made from cast austenitic stainless steels, including grades such as CF8C, CF3M, or CF10M. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Caterpillar have developed a new cast austenitic stainless steel, CF8C-Plus, that is a fully-austenitic stainless steel, based on additions of Mn and N to the standard Nb-stabilized CF8C steel grade. The Mn addition improves castability, as well as increasing the alloy solubility for N, and both Mn and N act synergistically to boost mechanical properties. CF8C-Plus steel has outstanding creep-resistance at 600°–900°C, which compares well with Ni-based superalloys like alloys X, 625, 617 and 230. CF8C-Plus also has very good fatigue and thermal fatigue resistance. It is used in the as-cast condition, with no additional heat-treatments. While commercial success for CF8C-Plus has been mainly for diesel exhaust components, this steel can also be considered for gas-turbine and microturbine casings. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate some of the mechanical properties and update the long-term creep-rupture data, and to present new data on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of these materials, particularly in the presence of water vapor.
3

Sakamoto, Kazunobu, Takashi Furukawa, Ichiro Komura, Yoshinori Kamiyama, and Tsuyoshi Mihara. "Research on Ultrasonic Inspection of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78051.

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Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) has been carrying out the research program entitled “Nondestructive Inspection Technologies for the Cast Stainless Steel Piping” since 2009FY to comprehend the unique ultrasonic wave propagation in the Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel (CASS) and to confirm detection and sizing capability for cracks in the material by currently available ultrasonic testing techniques. The research is also intended to provide inspection staff with the fundamental information of ultrasonic wave propagation in CASS, for educational purpose. In this research program, specimens whose material, size, dimension and welding method are identical to the main coolant piping system in Japanese pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are examined. Results from the study on the capability for inspection of CASS and the unique wave propagation phenomena such as beam skewing are discussed in this paper.
4

Qian, Haiyang, David Harris, and Timothy J. Griesbach. "Probabilistic Models of Reliability of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57270.

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Thermal embrittlement of cast austenitic stainless steel piping is of growing concern as nuclear power plants age. The difficulty of inspecting these components adds to the concerns regarding their reliability, and an added concern is the presence of known defects introduced during the casting fabrication process. The possible presence of defects and difficulty of inspection complicate the development of programs to manage the risk contributed by these embrittled components. Much work has been done in the past to characterize changes in tensile properties and fracture toughness as functions of time, temperature, composition, and delta ferrite content, but this work has shown a great deal of scatter in relationships between the important variables. The scatter in material correlations, difficulty of inspection and presence of initial defects calls for a probabilistic approach to the problem. The purpose of this study is to describe a probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis of the maximum allowable flaw sizes in cast austenitic stainless steel piping in commercial power reactors. Attention is focused on fully embrittled CF8M material, and the probability of failure for a given crack size, load and composition is predicted considering scatter in tensile properties and fracture toughness (fracture toughness is expressed as a crack growth resistance relation in terms of J-Δa). Random loads can also be included in the analysis, with results generated by Monte Carlo simulation. This paper presents preliminary results for CF8M to demonstrate the sensitivity of key input variables. The outcome of this study is the flaw sizes (length and depth) that will fail with a given probability when a given load is applied.
5

Qian, Haiyang, David Harris, and Timothy J. Griesbach. "Probabilistic Models of Reliability of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78710.

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The concern of toughness reduction due to thermal embrittlement of cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) piping is increasing as nuclear power plants age. Because of the large and variable grain size of the CASS materials, the ultrasonic inspection (UT) difficulties of the CASS components increases concerns regarding their reliability. Another added concern is the presence of potential defects introduced during the casting fabrication process. The possible presence of defects and difficulty of inspection complicate the development of programs to manage the risk contributed by these potentially degraded components. Experiments have been performed in the past to evaluate the effect of thermal embrittlement on tensile properties and fracture toughness as functions of time, temperature, composition, and delta ferrite content, but considerable scatter has been shown in the results among the important variables. A probabilistic approach is proposed for the evaluation of the aging effect based on the scatter in material correlations, difficulty of inspection and presence of initial defects. The purpose of this study is to describe a probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis approach for the determination of the maximum allowable flaw sizes in CASS piping components in commercial power reactors, using Monte Carlo simulation. Attention is focused on fully embrittled CF8M material, and the probability of failure for a given crack size, load and composition is predicted considering scatter in tensile properties and fracture toughness (fracture toughness is expressed as a crack growth resistance relation in terms of J-Δa). The correlation between the reduced toughness and increased tensile properties due to thermal embrittlement is also included in the analysis. This paper presents results for CF8M to demonstrate the sensitivity of key input variables on the most severely embrittled material. The output of this study is the flaw size (length and depth) that will fail with a given probability as a function of load and geometry.
6

Dunlap, M. D., G. D. Connolly, and J. Dobson. "Modeling and Simulation of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel with OnScale." In 2020 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ius46767.2020.9251616.

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7

Neyhouse, Jeffrey R., Jose M. Aurrecoechea, J. Preston Montague, and John D. Lilley. "Cast Iron-Nickel Alloy for Industrial Gas Turbine Engine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68837.

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Austenitic ductile iron castings have traditionally been used for gas turbine exhaust components that require castability, good machinability, low thermal expansion, and high strength at elevated temperatures. The achievement of optimum properties in austenitic ductile irons hinges on the ability of the foundry to produce nodular graphite in the microstructure throughout the component. In large, complex components, consistently producing nodular graphite is challenging. A high-nickel steel alloy that is suitable for sand castings has been recently developed for industrial gas turbine engine applications. The alloy exhibits similar mechanical and physical properties to austenitic ductile irons, but with improved processability and ductility. This alloy is weldable and exhibits no secondary graphite phase. This paper presents the results of a characterization program conducted on a 35% nickel, high-alloy steel. The results are compared with an austenitic ductile iron of similar composition. Tensile and creep properties from ambient temperature to 760°C (1400°F) are included, along with fabrication experience gained during the manufacture of several sand cast components at Solar Turbines Incorporated. The alloy has been successfully adopted for gas turbine exhaust system components and other applications where austenitic ductile irons have traditionally been utilized. The low carbon content of austenitic steels permits improved weldabilty and processing characteristics over austenitic ductile irons. The enhancements provided by the alloy indicate that additional applications, as both austenitic ductile iron replacements and new components, will arise in the future.
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Shim, D. J., N. G. Cofie, D. Dedhia, D. O. Harris, T. J. Griesbach, and K. Amberge. "Technical Basis for Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66100.

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According to the current ASME Code Section XI, IWB-3640 and Appendix C flaw evaluation procedure, cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) piping with ferrite content less than 20% is treated as wrought stainless steel. For CASS piping with ferrite content equal or greater than 20%, there is currently no flaw evaluation procedure in the ASME Code. In this paper, the technical basis for a proposed flaw acceptance criteria for CASS piping is presented. The procedure utilizes the current rules in ASME Code Section XI, IWB 3640/Appendix C and the existing elastic-plastic correction factors (i.e., Z-factors) for other materials in the Code. The appropriate Z-factor to use for the CASS piping is determined based on the ferrite content (using Hull’s equivalent factor). Experimentally measured fully saturated fracture toughness and tensile data of the three most common grades of CASS material in the US (CF3, CF8 and CF8M) were used to determine the flaw acceptance criteria in the proposed method. The proposed method is conservative since it utilizes the fully saturated condition of CASS materials. In addition, it is simple and consistent with current regulatory guidance on aging management of CASS piping.
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Maziasz, Philip J., John P. Shingledecker, Neal D. Evans, and Michael J. Pollard. "Developing New Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels With Improved High-Temperature Creep Resistance." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/creep2007-26840.

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Caterpillar have recently developed a new cast austenitic stainless steel, CF8C-Plus, for a wide range of high-temperature applications, including diesel exhaust components and turbine casings. The creep-rupture life of the new CF8C-Plus is over ten times greater than that of the standard cast CF8C stainless steel, and the creep-strength is about double. Another variant, CF8C-Plus Cu/W has been developed with even more creep strength at 750–850°C. The creep-strength of these new cast austenitic stainless steels is close to that of Ni-based superalloys like 617. CF8C-Plus steel was developed in about 1.5 years using an “engineered microstructure” alloy development approach, which produces creep resistance based on formation of stable nano-carbides (NbC) and prevention of deleterious intermetallics (sigma, Laves). CF8C-Plus steel won a 2003 R&D 100 Award, and to date, over 32,000 lb have been produced in various commercial component trials. The current commercialization status of the alloy is summarized.
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Uddin, M. F., R. E. Kurth, C. Sallaberry, G. M. Wilkowski, F. W. Brust, and D. Rudland. "Critical Flaw Evaluation of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel: Deterministic and Probabilistic Fracture Analyses." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63850.

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Toughness reduction in cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) due to thermal embrittlement is a growing concern for flaw tolerance evaluation in nuclear power plants. As the fracture toughness diminishes due to thermal-aging, some aged CASS materials have the potential to reach much lower toughness values than at the beginning of life. CASS also shows a high variability in toughness even for a given chemical composition, operating temperature, ferrite number or chrome equivalent. This is mainly due to the combined ferritic and austenitic microstructure and potentially large grain sizes. This variability in toughness needs to be used when developing flaw evaluation criteria in Section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. In this work, deterministic critical flaw size evaluations were conducted for one of the low-toughness CASS materials with a ferrite number (FN) lower than 25. Six different methods were used to evaluate the critical flaw sizes for circumferential surface flaws. In order to account for the large variability in CASS material properties, a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) procedure was developed. Based on all deterministic analyses, the Dimensionless Plastic-Zone Parameter analysis was used to perform the probabilistic critical flaw evaluation. As an example calculation, an actual toughness distribution from a single US PWR plant chemical composition (using a thermal-aging model) was used to perform the probabilistic analysis. The probabilistic analysis provides the critical flaw sizes at various stress ratios for Service Level A (10−6) and Service Level B (10−5) probability of failure for this particular case.

Звіти організацій з теми "Austenitic cast steel":

1

Crawford, Susan, Matthew Prowant, Anthony Cinson, Michael Larche, Aaron Diaz, and Michael Anderson. Phased Array Ultrasonic Sound Field Mapping in Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1136237.

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2

Ramuhalli, Pradeep, Morris S. Good, Aaron A. Diaz, Michael T. Anderson, Bruce E. Watson, Timothy J. Peters, Mukul Dixit, and Leonard J. Bond. Ultrasonic Characterization of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Microstructure: Discrimination between Equiaxed- and Columnar-Grain Material ? An Interim Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/967235.

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3

Chopra, Omesh K. Effects of Thermal Aging and Neutron Irradiation on Crack Growth Rate and Fracture Toughness of Cast Stainless Steels and Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178101.

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4

Crawford, Susan L., Anthony D. Cinson, Traci L. Moran, Michael T. Anderson, and Aaron A. Diaz. Improvements in 500-kHz Ultrasonic Phased-Array Probe Designs for Evaluation of Thick Section Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1012296.

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5

Diaz, Aaron A., Kayte M. Denslow, Anthony D. Cinson, Marino Morra, Susan L. Crawford, Matthew S. Prowant, Stephen E. Cumblidge, and Michael T. Anderson. Technical Letter Report Assessment of Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing for Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Pressurizer Surge Line Piping Welds and Thick Section Primary System Cast Piping Welds JCN N6398, Task 2A. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1023212.

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6

Diaz, Aaron A., Anthony D. Cinson, Susan L. Crawford, Royce Mathews, Traci L. Moran, and Michael T. Anderson. Technical Letter Report Assessment of Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection Method for Welds in Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Pressurizer Surge Line Piping JCN N6398, Task 1B. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992378.

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7

Maziasz, P. J., J. P. Shingledecker, N. D. Evans, and M. J. Pollard. Advanced Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels for High Temperature Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/944971.

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8

Muralidharan, G., V. K. Sikka, and R. I. Pankiw. Development of Stronger and More Reliable Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels (H-Series) Based on Scientific Design Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940294.

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9

Pankiw, Roman I., G. Muralidharan, and Vinod K. Sikka. Development of Stronger and More Reliable Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels (H-Series) Based on Scientific and Design Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886136.

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