Статті в журналах: "Attitude (Psychology) Measurement"

1

Rocklage, Matthew D., and Russell H. Fazio. "Attitude Accessibility as a Function of Emotionality." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217743762.

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Despite the centrality of both attitude accessibility and attitude basis to the last 30 years of theoretical and empirical work concerning attitudes, little work has systematically investigated their relation. The research that does exist provides conflicting results and is not at all conclusive given the methodology that has been used. The current research uses recent advances in statistical modeling and attitude measurement to provide the most systematic examination of the relation between attitude accessibility and basis to date. Specifically, we use mixed-effects modeling which accounts for variation across individuals and attitude objects in conjunction with the Evaluative Lexicon (EL)—a linguistic approach that allows for the simultaneous measurement of an attitude’s valence, extremity, and emotionality. We demonstrate across four studies, over 10,000 attitudes, and nearly 50 attitude objects that attitudes based on emotion tend to be more accessible in memory, particularly if the attitude is positive.

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2

McHugh, Maureen C., and Irene Hanson Frieze. "The Measurement of Gender-Role Attitudes." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00097.x.

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This article reviews measures of gender-role attitudes with an emphasis on The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS; Spence & Helmreich, 1972); the Sex Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES; Beere, King, Beere, & King, 1984); the Modern Sexism Scale (MS; Swim, Aikin, Hall, & Hunter, 1995); the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI; Click & Fiske, 1996), and the Children's Occupational Activity Trait-Attitude Measure (COAT-AM; Bigler, Liben, Lobliner, & Yekel, 1995). The discussion of gender-role attitude measures focuses on the following themes: psychometric criteria; theoretical and conceptual distinctions among measures; domains of attitudes and behaviors included; relationship to other measures; and the meaningfulness and relevance of items. Gender-role attitude scales are viewed as measuring gender-role ideology in a particular sociohistorical context; context-specificity is viewed as contributing to the proliferation of scales, and as limiting the usefulness of scales across cultural and temporal boundaries.

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3

Arends-Tóth, Judit, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, and Ype H. Poortinga. "The Influence of Method Factors on the Relation between Attitudes and Self-Reported Behaviors in the Assessment of Acculturation." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 22, no. 1 (January 2006): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.1.4.

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The role of variation in response scales and measurement methods in the often implicitly assumed attitude-behavior exchangeability in the assessment of acculturation was investigated. Three levels of equivalence of acculturation attitudes and self-reported behaviors were studied: structural equivalence (identity of the internal structure of attitude and behavior), metric equivalence (identity of measurement unit for the two), and scalar equivalence (identity of measurement unit and scale origin). In three studies involving Turkish-Dutch adults a high overall level of structural equivalence was found, implying that acculturation attitudes and behaviors can be conceptualized using a single underlying construct (i.e., acculturation). Metric and scalar equivalence varied across life domains, response scales, and measurement methods: They were higher for the private than for the public domain, for identical than for different response scales, and for the one-statement than for the two-statement measurement method. We concluded that in the assessment of acculturation attitudes and behaviors can only be interchanged in highly restricted conditions.

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4

Tejada, Antonio J. Rojas, Marisol Navas Luque, Oscar M. Lozano Rojas, and Pedro J. Pérez Moreno. "Prejudiced Attitude Measurement Using the Rasch Rating Scale Model." Psychological Reports 109, no. 2 (October 2011): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.17.pr0.109.5.553-572.

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There have been two basic approaches for the study of minority group prejudice against the majority: to adapt instruments from the majority group, and to use qualitative techniques by analyzing the content of the discourse of the groups involved. Neither of these procedures solves the problem of measuring intergroup attitudes of majorities and minorities in interaction. This study shows the result of a prejudice scale which was developed to measure the attitude of both the minority and majority groups. Prejudice is conceived as an attitude which requires the beliefs or opinions about the out-group, the emotions it elicits, and the behavior or intentional behavior toward it to be known for its evaluation. The innovation in this work is that the psychometric development of the scale was based on the item response theory, and more specifically, the rating scale model.

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5

Kankaraš, Miloš, and Guy Moors. "Measurement Equivalence and Extreme Response Bias in the Comparison of Attitudes Across Europe." Methodology 7, no. 2 (January 2011): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000024.

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It is generally accepted that both measurement inequivalence and extreme response bias (ERB) can seriously distort measurement of attitudes and subsequent causal models. However, these two issues have rarely been investigated together. In this article we demonstrate the flexibility of a multigroup latent-class factor approach in both analyzing measurement equivalence and detecting ERB. Using data from the European Values Survey from 1999/2000, we identified an ERB in answering Likert-type questions on attitudes toward morals of compatriots. Furthermore, we found measurement inequivalence in the form of direct effects of countries on the attitude items. The model that included both these issues resulted in quite distinct findings regarding country difference in the latent attitude compared to the models that only included one of these effects – either measurement inequivalence or extreme response. It is suggested that the all-inclusive model provides the more valid estimates of country differences in the latent attitude.

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6

Wise, Steven L. "The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Attitudes toward Statistics." Educational and Psychological Measurement 45, no. 2 (July 1985): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001316448504500226.

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This study describes the development and validation of a new instrument entitled Attitudes Toward Statistics (ATS) to be used in the measurement of attitude change in introductory statistics students. Two ATS subscales are identified: Attitude Toward Course and Attitude Toward the Field, respectively. These subscales were demonstrated to have both high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. It is further shown that each ATS subscale provides distinctly different information about the attitudes of introductory statistics students.

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7

Jackson, Thomas T., Robert P. Markley, Paul F. Zelhart, and J. Guydish. "Contributions to the History of Psychology: XLV. Attitude Research: George A. Kelly's Use of Polar Adjectives." Psychological Reports 62, no. 1 (February 1988): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.1.47.

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This article presents information about Dr. George A. Kelly's work in attitude measurement while he was at Fort Hays Kansas State College (1931–1943). The use of bipolar scales to measure the attitudes and the progress of clients supports Kelly's Dichotomy Corollary, in addition to providing external validity for the use of the Semantic Differential.

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8

Lampert, Shlomoi, and Aharon Tziner. "A PREDICTIVE STUDY OF VOTING BEHAVIOR USING LAMPERT'S POLLIMETER." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1985.13.1.1.

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A voting behavior model hypothesizing voting intention as an intervening variable which mediates the relationship between voter attitudes and voting behavior was examined in the framework of the general election in Israel Voter attitudes were assessed via a new attitude scaling device embodying a number of characteristics that make it a promising tool for attitude measurement. Voter attitudes and intentions were collected prior to the elections, while the actual vote was collected after the elections. The model tested primarily via discriminant analysis, has gained considerable support. Implications of the findings are discussed and avenues for future research are suggested.

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9

Dalege, Jonas, and Han L. J. van der Maas. "Accurate by Being Noisy: A Formal Network Model of Implicit Measures of Attitudes." Social Cognition 38, Supplement (November 2020): s26—s41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2020.38.supp.s26.

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In this article, we model implicit attitude measures using our network theory of attitudes. The model rests on the assumption that implicit measures limit attitudinal entropy reduction, because implicit measures represent a measurement outcome that is the result of evaluating the attitude object in a quick and effortless manner. Implicit measures therefore assess attitudes in high entropy states (i.e., inconsistent and unstable states). In a simulation, we illustrate the implications of our network theory for implicit measures. The results of this simulation show a paradoxical result: Implicit measures can provide a more accurate assessment of conflicting evaluative reactions to an attitude object (e.g., evaluative reactions not in line with the dominant evaluative reactions) than explicit measures, because they assess these properties in a noisier and less reliable manner. We conclude that our network theory of attitudes increases the connection between substantive theorizing on attitudes and psychometric properties of implicit measures.

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10

Liu, Xiao Yan, Zhao Ying Zhou, and Wei Xiong. "Design and Test of MEMS Attitude Measurement Unit for Fall Detection." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.465.

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Fall is a risky event in the elderly people’s daily life, it often cause serious injury both in physiology and psychology. A MEMS attitude measurement system is designed for fall detection in real time. This paper presents the design and error test of the attitude measurement unit. Each unit contains orthogonally mounted triads of accelerometers, magnetometers and gyros. With an integrated microcontroller for attitude calculating and flash for data storage, the size of the unit is 32mm×23mm×12mm. An extended Kalman filter based on quaternions is designed for attitude measurement. The digital angle output rate is 100Hz. A new method based on coordinate transformation for attitude measurement error test is introduced, using a single axis turntable and a fixed angle wedge. Theory of the testing method is presented and test experiments are performed. Test results show that attitude measurement error is less than 2°, which meets the requirement of fall detection precision. The fall detection system consists of five attitude measurement units fixed on the human legs and waist.

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11

Taylor, Terence R. "The Development of a New Attitude Measurement Method." South African Journal of Psychology 15, no. 4 (December 1985): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638501500401.

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12

Francis, Leslie J. "Personality and Attitude towards Religion among Adult Churchgoers in England." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3 (December 1991): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.791.

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A sample of 165 regular churchgoers completed the short form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, together with the Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity. While the data demonstrate that the central thesis of Eysenck's theory relating personality with religious attitudes holds good among a religious sample, they also suggest that other aspects of personality theory and measurement relating personality with religious attitudes may function differently in a religiously committed sample than in more general samples.

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13

Royadi, Dedi, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, and Fitria Supyaningsih. "Measurement of Reliability of Test Instruments Through Management of Education and Psychology." Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM) 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/atm.v2i2.788.

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At this time in the world of work or in job management workers are required to be able to solve problems that mean that in education and psychology management must be able to build or develop instruments in all fields of management. The development of measurement instruments in the field of psychology and education many assume the use of unidimensional measurements, which conceptually formulated that there is one type of ability factor, personality, character, and attitude measured by one measurement instrument. This study aims to allow readers to understand the notions of reliability, reliability of learning outcomes tests, general models of reliability, simple methods of estimating reliability, retesting methods, parallel methods, halves, moment product equations, Flanagan equations, Rulon equations, reliability coefficients , and standard measurement errors. In order for this management research to take place smoothly, the researcher uses the literature study method as his research method. Keywords: Educational management, Measurement Instruments, Reliability

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14

Glenn, Christine V., and Peter Chow. "Measurement of Attitudes toward Obese People among a Canadian Sample of Men and Women." Psychological Reports 91, no. 2 (October 2002): 627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.2.627.

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A new scale for examining attitudes toward obese people had 44 items selected from previously published scales designed to indicate attitudes toward obese people. Reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach coefficient alpha of .92 for the total sample. A factor analysis yielded four factors. Employing the Body Mass Index as an indicator of obesity, the attitudes of 239 men and women were examined. Women were significantly more positive than men in their attitude toward obese people. When examining Body Mass Index as a factor, comparisons of obese and nonobese women indicated obese women were more positive on the Diet and Exercise factor of the scale. Suggestions for improvement and research are offered.

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15

Axt, Jordan R. "The Best Way to Measure Explicit Racial Attitudes Is to Ask About Them." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 8 (October 4, 2017): 896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617728995.

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Direct assessments of explicit racial attitudes, such as reporting an overt preference for White versus Black people, may raise social desirability concerns and reduce measurement quality. As a result, researchers have developed more indirect self-report measures of explicit racial attitudes. While such measures dampen social desirability concerns, they may weaken measurement quality by assessing construct-irrelevant attitudes, thereby lowering correspondence between measure and construct. To investigate whether direct or indirect self-report measures better assess explicit racial attitudes, participants ( N > 800,000) completed an implicit racial attitude measure and a subset of over 400 items that varied in the degree to which they were indirect or direct assessments of self-reported racial attitudes. More direct assessments of racial preferences were better predictors of implicit racial attitudes and maximized differences between Black and White participants. These results suggest that the best method to measure individuals’ explicit racial attitudes is to ask about them directly.

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16

Mera Lemp, María José, Gonzalo Martínez-Zelaya, Marian Bilbao, Roxana Zuleta, and Amanda Garrido. "Attitude to multiculturality at school scale: validation and psychometric properties on a Chilean sample." Revista de Psicología 39, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/psico.202101.005.

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The increasing number of immigrant students on the Chilean educational system stresses the importance of study teachers’ attitudes to multiculturality in schools settings. Nevertheless, there is a lack of adequate measurement instruments to apply on Chilean population. The aim of this work was to validate the Attitude to Multiculturality at School Scale (León del Barco et al., 2007) on a Chilean sample, composed by N=160 teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the unifactorial model had the best fit to the data. Correlation analysis revealed significant relations between attitude to multiculturality at school, perceived out-group threat and prejudice. Linear regression analysis showed that perceived threat and prejudice explained 42% of the attitude to multiculturality at school variability, supporting criterion validity.

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17

Hepler, Justin, and Dolores Albarracín. "Attitudes without objects: Evidence for a dispositional attitude, its measurement, and its consequences." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 104, no. 6 (June 2013): 1060–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032282.

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18

Jun, YoungPyo, and Kilsun Kim. "Developing an Open Innovation Attitude Assessment Framework for Organizations: Focusing on Open Innovation Role Perspective and Locus of Activity." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12020046.

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From an organizational perspective, open innovation (OI) capability assessments are becoming increasingly important. The authors propose that an organization’s attitude toward interactive OI activities among OI stakeholders can reveal its degree of capability. This paper aims to focus on an organization’s OI attitude measurement scales and develop a framework linked to the role perspectives and loci of OI activities occurring at the organizational level. This research will introduce a practical, theory-based indication of OI assessment by combining a deductive process that identifies organizational OI attitude constructs with an inductive framework development process. First, the authors conducted an extensive literature review of attitude measurement on the execution of OI. Then, they performed empirical data analysis using a large-scale structured attitude assessment survey from individuals in domestic and multi-national corporations (n = 134), which led to the development of questionnaire sets on attitude evaluation. This study contributes to developing an organizational OI attitude assessment scale. Furthermore, based on empirical data analysis, the research framework demonstrated the reliability and validity of the organizational OI attitude measurement scale. Specifically, the scale contains proven questionnaires assessing OI attitudes by interrogating individual actors’ impact, behavior, and cognition regarding their organization’s OI activities. The organization’s three role perspectives (transfer, absorption, and brokerage) and two loci of activities in the OI ecosystem provide six distinct dimensions, suggesting areas of focus for a firm’s strategic OI direction.

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19

Sierra, Juan Carlos, Nazaré Costa, and Virgilio Ortega. "A validation study of the double standard scale and the rape supportive attitude scale in Brazilian women." International Journal of Psychological Research 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2009): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.864.

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The need to improve measurement in research of violence against women has been recognized. The purpose of this study was introduced first psychometric data of two questionnaires assessing sexist attitudes on Brazilian women: Double Standard Scale (DSS) and Rape Supportive Attitude Scale (RSAS). Both scales were administered in two women samples (N = 300; N = 500). In accordance with previous research, the findings reproduced the single-factor structure on each scale. Reliability estimation through Cronbach s alpha evidenced satisfactory internal consistency values for each scale. Finally, evidence that supports the measurement validity of the DSS and the RSAS was also provided.

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20

Liu, Guofang. "Implicit measurement of trust in professions: Automatic attitude activation task." Current Psychology 39, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 1569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9856-0.

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21

Tourangeau, Roger, Kenneth A. Rasinski, Norman Bradburn, and Roy D'Andrade. "Belief accessibility and context effects in attitude measurement." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 25, no. 5 (September 1989): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(89)90030-9.

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22

Auspurg, Katrin, and Annette Jäckle. "First Equals Most Important? Order Effects in Vignette-Based Measurement." Sociological Methods & Research 46, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 490–539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124115591016.

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To measure what determines people’s attitudes, definitions, or decisions, surveys increasingly ask respondents to judge vignettes. A vignette typically describes a hypothetical situation or object as having various attributes (dimensions). In factorial surveys, the values (levels) of dimensions are experimentally varied, so that their impact on respondents’ judgments can be estimated. Drawing on the literature in cognitive psychology and survey methodology, we examine two research questions: Does the order in which dimensions are presented impact the vignette evaluations and change substantive conclusions? Under which conditions are order effects mostly likely to occur? Using data from a web survey of 300 students, we analyze several possible moderators: features of the vignette design, characteristics of respondents, and interactions between these features. Results show that strong order effects can occur, but only when the vignettes are of a minimum complexity or respondents show a low attitude certainty.

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23

Tourangeau, Roger, and Kenneth A. Rasinski. "Cognitive processes underlying context effects in attitude measurement." Psychological Bulletin 103, no. 3 (1988): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.299.

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24

Steffens, Melanie C., and Axel Buchner. "Implicit Association Test: Separating Transsituationally Stable and Variable Components of Attitudes toward Gay Men." Experimental Psychology 50, no. 1 (January 2003): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1618-3169.50.1.33.

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Implicit attitudes are conceived of as formed in childhood, suggesting extreme stability. At the same time, it has been shown that implicit attitudes are influenced by situational factors, suggesting variability by the moment. In the present article, using structural equation modeling, we decomposed implicit attitudes towards gay men into a person factor and a situational factor. The Implicit Association Test ( Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ), introduced as an instrument with which individual differences in implicit attitudes can be measured, was used. Measurement was repeated after one week (Experiment 1) or immediately (Experiment 2). Explicit attitudes towards gay men as assessed by way of questionnaires were positive and stable across situations. Implicit attitudes were relatively negative instead. Internal consistency of the implicit attitude assessment was exemplary. However, the within-situation consistency was accompanied by considerable unexplained between-situation variability. Consequently, it may not be adequate to interpret an individual implicit attitude measured at a given point in time as a person-related, trait-like factor.

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25

Rosseel, Laura, Dirk Speelman, and Dirk Geeraerts. "Measuring language attitudes using the Personalized Implicit Association Test: A case study on regional varieties of Dutch in Belgium." Journal of Linguistic Geography 6, no. 1 (April 2018): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2018.3.

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This paper introduces the Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT, Olson & Fazio, 2004) as a novel measure for language attitudes. Tying in with sociolinguists’ renewed interest in social psychological attitude measures (e.g., Campbell-Kibler, 2012; Pantos & Perkins, 2012; Speelman, Spruyt, Impe & Geeraerts, 2013), the study uses the P-IAT to measure associations with regional varieties of Belgian Dutch and compares the results to an explicit measurement, as well as the results from an experiment using auditory affective priming, another reaction time based attitude measure developed in social psychology, reported in Speelman et al. (2013). Results from both implicit measures show a strong preference for the standard variety of Belgian Dutch over out-group regional varieties, as well as in-group preferences for participants’ own variety over other regional varieties. However, results do not entirely coincide. The paper concludes by discussing the benefits and potential demerits of the P-IAT as a measure of language attitudes.

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26

Liu, Xiao Yan, and Zhao Ying Zhou. "Application of Inertial and Magnetic Sensors in Human Fall Detection." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1590.

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Fall is a risky event in the elderly people’s daily life, it often cause serious injury both in physiology and psychology. An inertial and magnetic sensor based system is designed for fall detection in real time. This paper presents the design and test of this system. The system consists of three attitude measurement units fixed on the human legs and waist. Each unit contains orthogonally mounted triads of accelerometers, magnetometers and gyros. With an integrated microcontroller for attitude calculating and flash for data storage, the size of the unit is 32mm×23mm×12mm. An extended Kalman filter based on quaternions is designed for attitude measurement. The digital angle output rate is 100Hz. Human lower limb kinematic model is presented. The position of the gravity center is tracking by the inertial and magnetic sensing system.

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27

Bryant, Namok C., and Laura L. B. Barnes. "Development and Validation of the Attitude toward Educational Measurement Inventory." Educational and Psychological Measurement 57, no. 5 (October 1997): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164497057005011.

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28

Rosseel, Laura, Dirk Speelman, and Dirk Geeraerts. "Measuring language attitudes in context: Exploring the potential of the Personalized Implicit Association Test." Language in Society 48, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 429–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404519000198.

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AbstractAfter decades of relative methodological stagnation, language attitude research is witnessing an influx of new experimental methods originally developed in social psychology. One such measure is the Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT), a reaction-time-based method that measures the association between two concepts. The P-IAT has been used successfully to measure language attitudes, yet presents a number of challenges, like the fact that it measures attitudes void of linguistic or interactional context. This article aims to address that challenge and introduces a contextualized version of the P-IAT, which was used alongside an explicit measurement to explore attitudes towards varieties of Dutch in formal vs. informal settings. While the explicit attitudes show the expected pattern of preference for the standard variety in formal contexts, results from the implicit measurement are not as clear-cut. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and reflect on consequences for future sociolinguistic research using the P-IAT. (Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT), context dependence of language attitudes, sociolinguistics)*

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29

Knudson, Ruth E. "Development and Application of a Writing Attitude Survey for Grades 1 to 3." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3 (June 1992): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.711.

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The purpose of these studies was to develop and use a writing attitude survey for students in Grades 1 to 3 modeled after the survey developed and used with students in Grades 4 to 8 in 1991. A 19-item survey was administered to 394 children in Grades 1, 2, and 3. The instrument was then used in an experiment to assess the effect of instructional treatment, grade, and participation on 112 students' attitudes toward writing. There were no significant main effects for treatment or for time of measurement. There were no significant interactions, but there was a significant main effect for grade. Follow-up of significant main effects using Tukey tests indicated that 52 third graders had significantly more positive attitudes toward writing than 60 fifth graders.

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30

Andersson, Bjarne. "Sociologiens brug af begreberne "holdning" og "værdi": Tradition eller modernitet i metodeudviklingen." Dansk Sociologi 15, no. 4 (February 3, 2006): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v15i4.270.

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Bjarne Andersson: Sociology’s use of the concepts of attitude and value. Tradition or modernity in the development of method. In the current sociological tradition, the term “attitude“ is frequently used, mostly in studies of opinions, voting behaviour, and values. The theoretical roots of the term “attitude“ lie in the formative years of a special branch of philosophy: experimental psychology, especially in the works of Wilhelm Wundt in the late 1800s and in the scholars he inspired. In the 1920s and 1930s some of these scholars introduced a sociological version of “attitude“ as a counter-concept in the scientific competition between psychology and sociology. This article outlines the processes: belief – attitude – behaviour, and discuses the relevance of attitude measurement as an analytical tool in sociology. The frequently misused prerequisite of behaviour intention as a correlate to attitude and to factual action is demonstrated by two examples: J.H. Goldthorpe’s Wauxhall-study of car assembly workers and Margaret Mead’s anthropological study of gender and society in Samoa. If sociology is going to make “attitude“ a useful (and measurable) concept capable of describing the conflict between a post-modern and a post-traditional complex of values, it is necessary to further cooperation between empirical oriented sociology and philosophy.

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31

Spychała-Wawrzyniak, Małgorzata. "PROBLEMATYKA BADAŃ DOTYCZĄCYCH POSTAW WOBEC UCZENIA SIĘ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE JĘZYKA HISZPAŃSKIEGO." Neofilolog, no. 55/2 (December 31, 2020): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2020.55.2.4.

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Attitudes, including beliefs, values, and motivation are within the scope of interest of numerous fields of study such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, and anthropology. In psychology, attitudes related to affective, cognitive and, in particular, behavioral reactions are studied. It is believed that attitudes do not only affect the behavior of the individual, but also their ways of evaluating specific actions. At the same time, empirical research in this area is extremely problematic and conditioned by many individual differences (e.g. age, gender, place of residence, personality traits, etc.). On the other hand, in glottodidactics, the common trend in this type of research is analysis of students' attitudes (including motivation) towards a foreign language and its culture(s). The purpose of the article is to briefly present the methodology of research on attitudes towards learning different languages. First, we review the concepts of attitudes, beliefs, values, and motivation from a psychological and didactic perspective. We also focus our attention on the types of attitude measurement used (which include motivation). Finally, we present some results of research conducted for the first time in Poland in the field of attitudes and motivation of secondary school students towards learning Spanish.

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Spychała-Wawrzyniak, Małgorzata. "PROBLEMATYKA BADAŃ DOTYCZĄCYCH POSTAW WOBEC UCZENIA SIĘ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE JĘZYKA HISZPAŃSKIEGO." Neofilolog, no. 55/2 (December 31, 2020): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2020.55.2.4.

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Анотація:

Attitudes, including beliefs, values, and motivation are within the scope of interest of numerous fields of study such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, and anthropology. In psychology, attitudes related to affective, cognitive and, in particular, behavioral reactions are studied. It is believed that attitudes do not only affect the behavior of the individual, but also their ways of evaluating specific actions. At the same time, empirical research in this area is extremely problematic and conditioned by many individual differences (e.g. age, gender, place of residence, personality traits, etc.). On the other hand, in glottodidactics, the common trend in this type of research is analysis of students' attitudes (including motivation) towards a foreign language and its culture(s). The purpose of the article is to briefly present the methodology of research on attitudes towards learning different languages. First, we review the concepts of attitudes, beliefs, values, and motivation from a psychological and didactic perspective. We also focus our attention on the types of attitude measurement used (which include motivation). Finally, we present some results of research conducted for the first time in Poland in the field of attitudes and motivation of secondary school students towards learning Spanish.

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Flake, Jessica Kay, and Eiko I. Fried. "Measurement Schmeasurement: Questionable Measurement Practices and How to Avoid Them." Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 3, no. 4 (December 2020): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515245920952393.

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In this article, we define questionable measurement practices (QMPs) as decisions researchers make that raise doubts about the validity of the measures, and ultimately the validity of study conclusions. Doubts arise for a host of reasons, including a lack of transparency, ignorance, negligence, or misrepresentation of the evidence. We describe the scope of the problem and focus on how transparency is a part of the solution. A lack of measurement transparency makes it impossible to evaluate potential threats to internal, external, statistical-conclusion, and construct validity. We demonstrate that psychology is plagued by a measurement schmeasurement attitude: QMPs are common, hide a stunning source of researcher degrees of freedom, and pose a serious threat to cumulative psychological science, but are largely ignored. We address these challenges by providing a set of questions that researchers and consumers of scientific research can consider to identify and avoid QMPs. Transparent answers to these measurement questions promote rigorous research, allow for thorough evaluations of a study’s inferences, and are necessary for meaningful replication studies.

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Naumann, Johannes, and Tobias Richter. "Response Times in Attitudinal Items as Indicators of the Continuous Accessibility of Knowledge Related to Attitudes." Psychological Reports 87, no. 2 (October 2000): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.2.355.

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In the paradigm of social cognition, the measurement of response latencies is important not only for priming procedures directed at the cognitive representation, but also for the assessment of strength-related properties of attitudes. The present paper explored the possibility of using response times as indicators of the continuous accessibility of attitude-relevant knowledge. For two different sets of attitudinal items concerning social welfare (idiographic and nomothetic selection) response times were obtained from a sample of 20 university students. In addition to different reliability coefficients for aggregated response times, information about individual subjects' consistencies and stabilities was obtained. Further, evidence for the validity of response times as indicators of the continuous accessibility of attitude-related knowledge is reported. The aggregated response times had significant correlations with self-report data and interview-related variables (such as number of propositions mentioned) which were obtained by a content analysis of semistructured interviews.

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Burgess, Steven Michael. "The Importance and Motivational Content of Money Attitudes: South Africans with Living Standards Similar to Those in Industrialised Western Countries." South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 1 (March 2005): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500107.

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Long neglected in psychological research, money attitudes influence consumer decisionmaking and information processing, and may be active whenever consumers contemplate money situations or exchange relations. This study focused on the money attitudes of 221 urban South Africans whose standards of living are similar to those in industrialised Western countries. A recently developed pan-cultural theory on human values is used to gain insights into the fundamental motivations of money attitudes. The results suggest that money attitudes and value priorities have predictable and theoretically meaningful relations and provide evidence supporting the nomological validity of the revised Money Attitude Scale (MAS). Confirmatory analyses support the five-factor structure of the MAS scale and the hypothesised structure of the Portrait Values Questionnaire. Five new money attitudes are proposed for future research to broaden the scope of the MAS and refine its measurement.

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Peters, Ellen, and Paul Slovic. "Affective asynchrony and the measurement of the affective attitude component." Cognition & Emotion 21, no. 2 (February 2007): 300–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930600911440.

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Hewstone, Miles, and Louis Young. "Expectancy-Value Models of Attitude: Measurement and Combination of Evaluations and Beliefs1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 18, no. 11 (September 1988): 958–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1988.tb01186.x.

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Wang, Gang, Juan Shi, Jin Yao, and Hong Fu. "Relationship Between Activities of Daily Living and Attitude Toward Own Aging Among the Elderly in China: A Chain Mediating Model." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 91, no. 4 (July 24, 2019): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415019864595.

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This study used the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey to explore the relationship between the activities of daily living, cognitive function, social support, and attitudes toward own aging, and a structural equation model was established to test the mediating effect. (a) Pearson correlations were performed between the total scores on each scale, and the activities of daily living were significantly negatively correlated with cognitive function and social support and significantly positively correlated with attitudes toward own aging. Cognitive function was significantly positively correlated with social support but negatively correlated with attitude toward own aging; social support was significantly negatively correlated with attitude toward own aging. (b) The goodness-of-fit indices of the validation models for each measurement model were robust. The activities of daily living among the elderly can directly predict attitudes toward own aging and can indirectly predict attitudes toward own aging through cognitive function and social support.

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Roberts, James S., James E. Laughlin, and Douglas H. Wedell. "Validity Issues in the Likert and Thurstone Approaches to Attitude Measurement." Educational and Psychological Measurement 59, no. 2 (April 1999): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00131649921969811.

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Whitaker, Brian G. "Internet-based attitude assessment: does gender affect measurement equivalence?" Computers in Human Behavior 23, no. 3 (May 2007): 1183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.11.016.

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Jeong, Howon, Sungho Cho, Minyoung Lee, and Endarman Sputra. "Race of Athlete-Spokesperson and Implicit and Explicit Responses to Advertising." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 4 (May 15, 2014): 655–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.4.655.

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In this study we investigated racial vs. athletes from other countries, bias and differences in attitude of South Koreans toward advertisements featuring Korean vs. foreign athletes and White vs. Black athletes by implementing explicit and implicit measures. The results suggest that Koreans have: (a) implicit preferences for Korean athletes over foreign athletes, (b) implicit attitudes that are more favorable toward advertisements featuring Korean athletes than toward those featuring foreign athlete-spokespersons, (c) implicit preferences for White athletes over Black athletes, and (d) implicit attitudes that are more favorable toward advertisements featuring White athlete-spokespersons than toward those featuring Black athlete-spokespersons. The explicit measures revealed several contradictory results; therefore we have discussed implications for the discrepancy between implicit and explicit measurement methods and the usefulness of implicit measures in the context of racial bias research.

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Brown, Gary P., Nick Hawkes, Andrew Cooper, Solveig Jonsdottir, and Philip Tata. "The Anxiety Attitude and Belief Scale-2: Development, Measurement Model, and Initial Validity." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 22, no. 6 (October 23, 2014): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1928.

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Armstrong, James B., and Melissa E. Hutchins. "Development of an Attitude Scale to Measure Attitudes toward Humans' Use of Nonhuman Animals." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3 (June 1996): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.1003.

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The objectives of this investigation were to develop a scale to measure attitudes towards animal use, decide upon the number of dimensions or scales needed, and test the reliability and validity of the dimension(s) obtained. Analysis showed the final scale to be unidimensional with evidence of reliability (Cronbach alpha = .99) and criterion validity via measurement of known groups. The known groups were derived from a random sample of members of the Animal Rights Information and Education Service (representing those opposed to humans' use of animals) and members of National Animal Damage Control Association (representing those supporting animal use). The final scale contained 48 items and was readable at Grade 6 which facilitates administration across a broad range of educational backgrounds and has utility for a variety of animal-use issues.

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Maurer, Todd J., Ralph A. Alexander, and Sean E. Stevens. "Self-Ratings in Attitude Measurement: Resistance to Short-Term Recalibration and Contrast." Educational and Psychological Measurement 50, no. 3 (September 1990): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164490503006.

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Feldman, Jack M., and John G. Lynch. "Self-generated validity and other effects of measurement on belief, attitude, intention, and behavior." Journal of Applied Psychology 73, no. 3 (August 1988): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.421.

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Thigpen, Calvin. "Measurement validity of retrospective survey questions of bicycling use, attitude, and skill." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 60 (January 2019): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.11.002.

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Tan, Tony Xing, Zhiyao Yi, Eunsook Kim, Zhengjie Li, and Ke Cheng. "Linguistic Equivalence, Construct Validity, But Lack Measurement Invariance: An Illustration of Challenges in Cross-Cultural Research on Adolescent Adjustment." Cross-Cultural Research 54, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397120914875.

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In this study, we illustrated issues related to measure invariance in cross-cultural research involving instrument translation between Chinese and English. We translated and back-translated the third edition of the Behavioral Assessment for Children-Self Report of Personality (BASC-3-SRP) and administered it to 1,574 youth in China and 512 youth in the United States. We found that despite a rigorous approach to achieving linguistic equivalence, statistically demonstrating acceptable internal consistency and construct validity, measurement invariance tests revealed that six of the 16 BASC-3-SRP subscales lacked measurement invariance. Constructs for the first three of the six subscales that lacked measurement invariance (i.e., Negative Attitude toward School, Negative Attitude toward Teachers, and Self-Esteem) are known to be conceptualized differently in collectivistic societies, while constructs for the second three subscales (i.e., Atypicality, Sense of Inadequacy, and Hyperactivity) lacked measurement invariance without known cultural reasons. These results highlight instrument development issues and measurement variance issues that cross-cultural researchers must grapple with.

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Carranza, E. Lou. "Scale for the Measurement of Attitude Toward Chicanos: A Research Note." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 2 (May 1992): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07399863920142007.

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Makhubela, Malose S. "Measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition across race with South African university students." South African Journal of Psychology 46, no. 4 (August 2, 2016): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316645045.

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Measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition across race (Blacks and Whites) was examined in a sample of university students, from two universities from diverse geographical areas of South Africa ( N = 870). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (i.e., means and covariance structures) was used to test the factorial invariance of the hierarchical four-factor structure, composed of three first-order factors (i.e., Negative Attitude, Performance Difficulty, and Somatic Complaints) and one second-order general factor (Depression) found with South African students. Evidence of measurement invariance was established at the level of configural, metric, and scalar invariance. However, there were some evidence of differential additive response style across race—with two non-invariant intercepts (Item 5 and 14) being identified. Results also revealed significant latent mean differences favoring Black students on the Performance Difficulty and Somatic Complaints factors but not on the Negative Attitude factor. Findings suggest that the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition provides an assessment of the severity of depressive symptoms that is equivalent across race in university students.

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Kaiser, Florian G., and Mark Wilson. "The Campbell Paradigm as a Behavior-Predictive Reinterpretation of the Classical Tripartite Model of Attitudes." European Psychologist 24, no. 4 (October 2019): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000364.

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Abstract. In this article, we introduce the “Campbell Paradigm” as a novel variant of Rosenberg and Hovland’s (1960) tripartite model of attitudes. The Campbell Paradigm is based on a highly restricted measurement model that speaks of a compensatory relation between a person’s latent attitude and the costs that come with any specific behavior. It overcomes the overarching weakness of the original tripartite model (i.e., its relative irrelevance for actual behavior) and offers a parsimonious explanation for behavior. Even though this seems attractive, we also discuss why the paradigm has not gained momentum in the 50 years since it was originally proposed by Donald T. Campbell. To demonstrate the paradigm’s suitability even when implemented with an unrefined instrument in a domain where it has not been used previously, we apply the paradigm to a classic data example from attitude research from the 1984 US presidential election to account for the electorate’s voting intentions and actual voting behaviors.

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