Дисертації: "Attitude (Psychology) Measurement"

1

Johns, Robert. "The validity of Likert attitude measurement : using cognitive psychology to design question formats." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413734.

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2

Adams, Jason E. "Development and Validation of the Corporate Distrust Scale." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1208359053.

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3

Hughes, Stephanie. "Exploring Attitudes toward People Who Stutter: A Mixed Model Approach." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1213188444.

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4

Jackson, Sarah Marie. "Assessment of Implicit Attitudes Toward Women Faculty in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1324269233.

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5

Rocklage, Matthew D. "The Intra- and Interpersonal Roles of Attitude Emotionality." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1435673308.

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6

Lake, Christopher J. "Simulating Response Latitude Effects in Attitude Surveys using IRT." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1394326630.

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7

Poznyak, Dmytro. "The American Attitude: Priming Issue Agendas and Longitudinal Dynamic of Political Trust." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342715776.

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8

Rose, Jared S. "A Dissertation entitledDevelopment and Validation of the Mental Health Professionals’ Attitude Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Scale (MHP-PLHIV-AS)." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1461841265.

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9

Mahoney, Mark Patrick. "Student Attitude Toward STEM: Development of an Instrument for High School STEM-Based Programs." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250264697.

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10

Choi, Seong-In. "Measurement of attitudes toward counseling scale development /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/751.

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11

Doyle, Andrea. "The Viability of the Implicit Association Test Applied to Attitudes Toward Individuals with Disabilities and Measurement of Coworker Attitudes Toward Individuals with a Disability." TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/654.

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Attitudes toward individuals with disabilities were examined using two different methods: (a) the Implicit Association Test assessing general implicit attitudes and (b) a vignette study assessing coworker attitudes. The Implicit Association Test was used in an attempt to replicate Tringo's Hierarchy of Preference using five exemplar disabilities: (a) Cancer, (b) Paraplegic, (c) Mental Illness, (d) Alcoholic, and (e) HIV Positive. The results did not support a replication of the Hierarchy of Preference. Three dimensions of disabilities were manipulated for the vignette study. These dimensions were the overtness of the disability, the level of risk associated with the disability, and response of the individual with the disability to their environment. The participants rated the individual in the vignette on perceived competence of the individual, potential tolerance of the individual, and potential befriending of the individual by coworkers. The response dimension and the risk dimension influenced ratings on the dependent variables while the overtness dimension did not. Furthermore, no relationship was found between scores on the five IAT tests and ratings on competence, tolerance, and befriending. Taken together, the results of the current study indicate that further studies are warranted to determine if the IAT is a valid measure of attitudes toward individuals with disabilities.

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12

Gordon, Alynn Elizabeth. "Egalitarian Essentialism: Practical, Theoretical, and Measurement Issues." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1466158819.

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13

Higdon, Julia Dianne. "Measuring and Modeling Intercultural Attitudes Among Adolescents Across Europe: A Multi-Level, Multiple-Group Analysis Examining Student Attitudes, Intergroup Contact, and School Climate." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16461055.

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European nations, built on democratic foundations, rely on participation that is inclusive of all groups. Among efforts to support social cohesion in Europe, investigating the development of intercultural attitudes—attitudes toward others on the basis of their intersecting group memberships—is a crucial area of research. Further, examining attitudes among adolescents is useful because of their growing capacity to understand complex systems, while still being engaged in formal education in which interventions aimed at developing positive attitudes are often applied. In this dissertation, I used data from the 2009 IEA ICCS (International Civic and Citizenship Education Study) to examine determinants of intercultural attitudes among adolescents (n=16,847) in seven countries across Europe—the United Kingdom (England only), Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Bulgaria, Poland, and Greece—focusing on cultural contexts and school climates. First, I established the measurement invariance of a variety of measures of intercultural attitudes to support the validity of cross-cultural comparison, using a novel approach in the Bayesian framework. Using this method, I was able to validly compare intercultural attitudes across contexts in Europe, and these findings are interpreted and discussed. Then, I examined the ways in which intergroup contact, gender, and school climates were associated with intergroup attitudes across these seven countries. I found limited evidence of an association between native-born and immigrant contact and positive intercultural attitudes. However, I found that positive intercultural attitudes were consistently associated with positive and democratic school climates, as well as with gender and attitudes toward gender equality. In this dissertation, I present these findings, as well as provide interpretation, discussion, and future directions with regard to educational interventions.
Culture, Communities, and Education

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14

Hashempour, Faramarz. "Use of cognitive measurement tools in prediction of psychological wellbeing." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622694.

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Prediction of psychological wellbeing was investigated utilising a specific set of cognitive measures. This study considered a mixed method approach, progressing in three main phases. First study (the pilot study) involved (n=147) participants where data analysis was conducted using ANOVA, multiple regression and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The Pilot study considered six measures of thinking Style or Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-24), Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ-6 negative), Meta-cognitive Awareness Questionnaire (MAQ), Mastery/control, Cybernetic Coping Scale (CCS-15) and Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II. The correlation analysis showed positive association between variables with predictive approximation of 30% for depressive symptoms. The pilot study’s confirmatory factor and path analysis results produced supporting evidence of predictive quality with a good fit with model. The second phase comprised of a two-wave panel survey which included most of the measures from study one but added a 12-item version of Eysenck’s Personality Inventory, while the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) measures replaced the BDI-II. Regression analysis indicated that approximately 50% of the variance in PHQ scores could be predicted with DAS-24, mastery, ASQ and Neuroticism being the strongest predictors. A second regression analysis predicted 65% of the variance in GAD7 scores with DAS success and perfectionism sub factor being the strongest predictor. A series of confirmatory factor analysis was conducted as well as regression and covariance analysis of the identified variables. Longitudinal path analyses were performed indicating that approximately 74% of the variance in PHQ9 scores and 71% of the variance in GAD7 scores at time two could be predicted, with the time one well-being measures the strongest predictors. The most striking findings related to the role of Neuroticism in prediction of psychological wellbeing. Third phase of this mixed method study considered qualitative approach, using framework analysis. Participants were twelve clinicians who currently working with clients with depressive or anxiety based difficulties. The main findings indicated that all previously identified independent variables of thinking style, perception, control and though awareness contributing towards psychological wellbeing. Other notable observation included participant’s clinical training modality that influenced the choice of responses. Overall tested hypotheses in both modalities of studies provided additional knowledge and understanding by offering a unique theoretical perspective, where the correlation between psychological wellbeing and cognitive processes could be predicted when utilising specific sets of measures.

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15

Njiru, Joseph Njeru. "Measuring academic motivation to achieve for high school students using a Rasch measurement model." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1320.

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Many models have been offered on students' motivation to achieve academically. However, most studies on motivation of students to achieve academically are called into question because they do not use an interval level scale, based on a good theoretical model, where attitude items are connected to behaviour items, even though motivation is defined as linked to behaviour. On the other hand, many researchers do not use qualitative methodologies as a preferred method to validate and triangulate data obtained from the questionnaire so as to add scope and breadth to the study. Most researchers have only used either qualitative or quantitative methods but not both. This study uses both the questionnaire and the Interview format so as to allow for flexibility and 'the opportunity to clarify questions and responses with the subjects in order to understand more about students' motivation to achieve academically. The study had two phases. The first phase involved completing a questionnaire on motivation to achieve academically. In this phase, a person convenience sample of 522 high school students of senior (A-level) classes (Years 12 and 13) was used. The sample was taken from three high schools in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah state in Malaysia. The sample consisted of 294 girls (56%) and 228 boys (44%). The stem-item sample• was initially 50, and was written in ordered-by-difficulty patterns. Phase one involved testing a conceptual model of academic motivation involving attitudes and behaviours in relation to three main aspects (striving for excellence, desire to learn, and personal incentives) and 12 sub-aspects. The motivation scale created in this study supports the view that nine out of 12 sub-aspects form the structure of motivation for years 12 and 13 students in Malaysia. The supported structure involves striving for excellence (standards, goals, tasks, effort, and ability) (but not values), desire to learn (interest and learning from others) (but not responsibility for Learning), and personal incentives (extrinsic, intrinsic) (but not social rewards). A unidimensional, linear scale of academic motivation was created with 20 stem-items (30 were discarded) using the Extended Logistic Model of Rasch (Andrich, 1988a, 1988b; Rasch, 1980/1960) with the computer Program Rasch Unidimensional Measurement Models (RUMM-2010) (Andrich, Sheridan, Lyne & Luo, 2000). The iii structures, patterns and the psychometric properties of the scale were analysed to understand the meaning of the results. Twenty Motivation items fitted the model and were 'easier' than their corresponding behaviour items, as conceptualised. They fanned an excellent scale in which the proportion of observed variance considered true was 0.92. There was good agreement amongst students to the different 'difficulties’ of the items on the scale and there was a good fit to the measurement model. A good scale of academic motivation to achieve for high school students was created, and the data for the 20 stem-items were valid and reliable. The structure of motivation that was created is based on three 151 order orientations, striving for excellence, desire to learn and personal incentives and nine 2nd order orientations. These are standards, ability, goals, tasks, effort as part of striving for excellence; interest, and learning from others as part of desire to learn and intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards as part of personal incentives. In the second phase of the study, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted, using a sample of 45 students, who had participated in answering the questionnaire. This was done to validate and triangulate data obtained from the questionnaire, and to add scope and breadth to the study. The interviews explored students' opinions, experiences, and perceptions of motivation to achieve academically. The interviews were based on validating, clarifying, and seeking further information, on issues identified in the questionnaire. Participation in the interviews was on a voluntary basis, and interviews were conducted in the students' schools. Twenty-five of the student participants were boys and the other twenty were girls. Students' responses suggest that students have different perceptions of academic motivation, have different levels of motivation, and are motivated to achieve academically for various reasons. The results also show that students lack motivation to achieve academically because they make faulty attributions and do not recognise the importance of the aspects of their own motivation to achieve academically. Fear of failure is a way for students to protect their self-esteem and is also common among students. The findings of this research project have implications for high school teachers, administrators, teacher educators, Rasch measurement models and future research on motivation.

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16

Griffin, Felica M. "An Investigation of the Relationship of Teachers' Attitudes Towards a Computer-Based Assessment System and Student Achievement." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3734013.

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Since the introduction of No Child Left Behind (NCLB), districts across the country implemented computerized benchmark, or interim assessments, into their curriculum as a means to monitor and improve student achievement. Often, a change in curriculum entails a demand of educators’ time, whether through professional development or lesson planning, and therefore affects teachers’ attitudes. The purpose of this study was to determine what, if any, relationship there was among middle school teachers’ attitudes, monthly computerized benchmark assessments, and student scores on the Missouri Assessment Program (MAP). Educators of the communication arts and mathematics content areas from one middle school were administered a survey and questionnaire to address two questions: 1) What are teachers’ attitudes regarding the use of the Tungsten Learning System in the areas of reading and mathematics, and 2) How, if at all, do teachers change their behaviors in regards to the monthly reports of the Tungsten Learning System? Both assessment tools addressed categories of Training or Comfort Level, Use of Tungsten Feedback, Teachers’ Perceptions of Tungsten, Accountability, and Student Preparation and Motivation. To observe if there was a difference in student achievement, as measured by the MAP, test scores of students from two middle schools of the same district, since the implementation of the Tungsten Learning System, were analyzed using ANOVA. In conclusion, the study found there was a difference in student achievement in mathematics MAP scores. Also, based on the survey and questionnaire responses, teachers did not believe Tungsten Learning System was a good predictor of student achievement. However, overall they favored computerized benchmark assessments if not administered monthly, aligned with the curriculum, provided student feedback and effective re-teaching tools, and they felt they were adequately trained. Teachers did believe their attitudes had more of an effect on their students’ attitudes than on students’ achievement.

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17

Gavlas, John T. "Psychometric Properties of the Modern Homonegativity Scale in the Southern United States." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4919.

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The Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS) is designed to measure a distinct modern form of prejudice against gay people. Based on the conceptual framework of old-fashioned and modern antigay prejudice advanced by Morrison and Morrison, the present study was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the MHS as a measure of modern antigay prejudice in the southern United States a region where antigay prejudice appears to be particularly pervasive and damaging. This purpose was achieved by analyzing survey responses from 691 adult residents of 14 southern states. As hypothesized, MHS scores were correlated with political conservatism, contact with gay people, nonabusive antigay behavior, and scores on a traditional measure of antigay prejudice. Contrary to hypotheses, MHS scores were not related to sexual orientation, educational level, income level, or religious self-schema. Results concerning the relationships between MHS scores and other known correlates of antigay prejudice were mixed. In factor analyses, items on the MHS and a traditional measure of antigay prejudice did not load on different factors. The results of this study suggest that the MHS is a highly reliable measure of modern antigay prejudice in the South, but that its validity as such is limited. This study promotes positive social change by providing evidence that should aid in the selection of appropriate measures to use in future studies of prejudice against gay people in the South. Such studies promise to result in the development of more effective interventions to reduce antigay prejudice in the southern United States but such studies will produce useful findings only to the extent that the instruments used are reliable and valid measures of the constructs they purport to measure in this region.

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18

Obasi, Ezemenari Marquis. "Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for People of African Descent (MASPAD): An emic conceptualization of acculturation as a moderating factor between psychological distress and mental health seeking attitudes." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1112382868.

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19

Unluol, Unal Neslihan. "Examination of a Rating Scale to Assess Teachers' Treatment Acceptability of Reading Interventions for Struggling Readers in Elementary Schools." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1522281162422657.

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20

Banikema, Ndjanda Annie Stéphanie. "La propension du consommateur à résister aux dispositifs d'influence marchands : conceptualisation, mesure et impact sur les comportements de consommation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0043.

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Les travaux sur la résistance du consommateur fournissent une meilleure compréhension des manifestations et des facteurs situationnels déclenchant ces comportements. Afin d'aller plus loin dans l'identification des caractéristiques du consommateur résistant et des processus psychologiques qui le poussent à agir, nous proposons d'explorer l'existence d'une disposition individuelle stable – la propension à résister du consommateur (PRC) – susceptible d'expliquer la tendance de certains consommateurs à s'opposer à des formes d'influence marchande.L'objectif de cette recherche est donc (1) de proposer une conceptualisation de la propension à résister du consommateur comme variable individuelle centrale explicative du comportement de résistance ; (2) d'en fournir un outil de mesure fiable et valide ; (3) d'en déterminer l'impact sur les comportements de consommation et enfin (4) de tester le rôle différentiel de la situation et de cette variable dans la détermination des comportements de résistance.La mise en œuvre d'une double étude qualitative (focus groups et entretiens individuels) a permis de définir le construit et d'explorer sa dimensionnalité. Une échelle de mesure est ensuite validée sur deux dispositifs d'influence (la publicité et la vente) et confirme l'existence de deux profils de PRC : un profil orienté « confrontation » et un profil orienté « évitement ».Une expérimentation menée auprès de 500 personnes représentatives de la population française met en évidence un lien fort entre le niveau de PRC et les réactions négatives des consommateurs aux sollicitations marchandes. Elle montre que la PRC est un meilleur prédicteur du comportement de résistance dans les situations à faible potentiel de résistance, alors que la situation prédit mieux la résistance lorsque l'intensité de l'influence ou de la manipulation perçue est élevée. Les résultats de cette recherche invitent à considérer deux profils distincts de consommateurs résistants qui appellent des stratégies marketing différenciées
Current researches on consumer resistance allow a better understanding of the manifestations and situational factors triggering these behaviors. In order to go further in the identification of the psychological processes underlying those behaviors, we propose exploring an individual disposition - consumers' propensity to resist (CPR)-.that may explain the tendency of some consumers to oppose marketers' influenceThe objective of this research is to (1) offer a conceptualization the consumer's propensity to resist the consumer, (2) to provide a reliable and valid measurement tool of this concept, (3 ) to determine the impact of this individual trait on some consumers behaviors and finally (4) to test the differential role of the situation and CPR in determining resistance behaviors.The implementation of a dual qualitative study (focus groups and in-depth interviews) helped to define the construct and explore its dimensionality. A measurement scale is then validated on two mechanisms of influence (advertising and sales) and confirms the existence of two profiles of CPR: a profile linked to “confrontation” and the other linked to “avoidance”.An experiment conducted with 500 people representative of the french population demonstrates a strong link between levels of CPR and negative reactions of consumers to marketers' demands. It shows that CPR is a better predictor of resistant behaviors in situations where the intensity of influence or the perceived manipulation is low, while the situation is a better predictor of resistance when the intensity of the influence or perceived manipulation is high The results of this research invite to consider two distinct profiles of resistant consumers that may deserve differentiated marketing strategies

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21

Audrezet, Alice. "L'ambivalence des consommateurs : proposition d'un nouvel outil de mesure." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090011/document.

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La littérature en méthodologie pointe un important problème lié à l’utilisation des différentiels sémantiques pour mesurer les évaluations globales des individus. Au centre de ces continua bipolaires opposant une paire d’adjectifs antagonistes, sont en effet agrégées de manière artificielle et fâcheuse deux types d’évaluations : les réactions indifférentes et les réactions ambivalentes. Or, la distinction entre ces deux types d’évaluation est un enjeu dans la mesure où elles recouvrent des réalités différentes. En effet, l’indifférence correspond à l’absence de réaction positive ou négative, tandis que l’ambivalence décrit une évaluation composée à la fois de réactions positives et négatives. Cette recherche démontre l’intérêt d’utiliser un nouvel outil de mesure issu de recherches en psychologie, l’Evaluative Space Grid (Larsen & al., 2009), pour saisir la part d’ambivalence contenue dans les évaluations globales de consommateurs. A l’aide d’un design mixte comportant cinq études empiriques, nous montrons que l’Evaluative Space Grid présente des propriétés psychométriques aussi bonnes que le différentiel sémantique tout en permettant de différencier les réactions indifférentes des réactions ambivalentes, ce que ne peut pas faire un différentiel sémantique. Ce travail de recherche constitue donc une contribution méthodologique importante qui devrait intéresser chercheurs et praticiens
Literature on methodology reveals a serious problem related to the use of semantic differential scales to measure individuals’ global evaluations. Two types of evaluations are incorporated—in an artificial and unsuitable way—into these bipolar continuums that contain two opposing adjectives: indifferent reactions and ambivalent reactions. The distinction between these two types of evaluation is significant because they reflect different realities. While indifference corresponds to an absence of positive or negative reactions, an ambivalent evaluation is composed of both positive and negative reactions. This research demonstrates the advantages of using a new measurement tool, the Evaluative Space Grid (Larsen & al., 2009), developed in psychology research; this tool is able to capture the ambivalent component in consumers’ global evaluations. Using a mixed design method comprising five empirical studies, we demonstrate that the Evaluative Space Grid has psychometric properties that match those of semantic differential scales; however, in contrast to semantic differential scales, the ESG is capable of differentiating between indifferent reactions and ambivalent reactions. This research therefore constitutes a major methodological contribution that will be of interest to both researchers and practitioners

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22

Carette, Vincent. "Recherche des caractéristiques de la pratique de l'enseignant pouvant favoriser la construction des compétences des élèves à l'école primaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210846.

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23

Sengès, Eloïse. "Antécédents, manifestations et effets du Bien Vieillir Désiré sur la consommation des seniors." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED033.

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Enjeu important pour le marketing des seniors, le concept de bien vieillir demeure peu investigué par la recherche en marketing. Nous introduisons un nouveau concept, le Bien Vieillir Désiré (BVD), qui fait référence aux objectifs psychologiques, physiques, sociaux et financiers, poursuivis dans la quête du bien vieillir. Nous en proposons un modèle de mesure bifactoriel, fiable et valide, en quatre dimensions : le BVD général, le BVD physique, le BVD social et le BVD financier. Son influence est testée sur huit comportements de consommation relatifs aux secteurs suivants : alimentation, e-santé, chirurgie esthétique, loisirs, placements financiers, réseaux sociaux et sites de rencontres. L’échelle de mesure et un modèle global antécédents-manifestations-effets sont validés à partir d’un échantillon de 900 seniors âgés de 50 à 80 ans. Les résultats suggèrent le développement d’une nouvelle approche marketing des seniors : le marketing du bien vieillir. Son investigation et sa mise en œuvre sont ancrées dans quatre concepts clés : le BVD, le vieillissement perçu, les attentes d’ajustement au vieillissement et la consommation du bien vieillir
Aging well is now a key stake for senior marketing, yet this concept remains little investigated by consumer research. A new concept is introduced in marketing research: Desired Aging Well (DAW), which refers to the psychological, physical, social and financial objectives, pursued in the quest for aging well. This research provides a reliable and valid bifactor measurement model for Desired Aging Well, in four dimensions: general DAW, physical DAW, social DAW and financial DAW. Its influence is tested on eight consumer behaviors related to the following sectors: food, e-health, plastic surgery, leisure, financial investments, social networks and dating sites. The Desired Aging Well scale and the overall antecedents-manifestations-effects model are validated on a sample of 900 French senior people aged from 50 to 80. The results suggest the development of a new marketing approach for seniors: aging well marketing. Its investigation and implementation are rooted in four key concepts: Desired Aging Well, perceived aging, adjustment to aging expectations and aging well consumption

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24

Winter, John R. "An investigation of the measurement of individual risk attitudes." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26745.

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Two direct elicitation of utility (D.E.U.) techniques were used to estimate risk attitudes of a group of agricultural producers. The two elicitation techniques used in the study were 1) an error-in-response model using a modified Ramsey method, and 2) stochastic dominance with respect to a function (SDF). The primary objective of the study was to determine whether the two elicitation techniques yield consistent estimates of risk attitudes. A second major objective of the study was to provide additional information about the distribution of risk attitudes among agricultural producers. The study confirmed the results of other research efforts that the majority of risk attitude parameters of agricultural producers lie within the range -.0001 and .001 with income measured in dollars [King and Robison, 1980]. The study also supports previous research results which indicate that a significant portion of decision makers exhibit risk preferring behavior, at least over some ranges of incomes. The error-in-response model classified 38.1% of the respondents as risk preferring, 47.6% as risk neutral, and 14.3% as risk averse. With only one exception, the SDF technique elicited risk preferring attitudes for every respondent over some range of income values. Individual and aggregate tests for decreasing (increasing) absolute risk aversion were conducted. No respondents were found to exhibit increasing or decreasing absolute risk aversion. The statistical comparison of the two elicitation techniques was inconclusive. A paired t-test failed to reject the null hypothesis of no difference in the estimated risk attitudes. However, the correlation between the two measures was virtually zero (-.046) suggesting that the two measures of risk attitudes are not closely related. The two elicitation techniques were also compared on other grounds. Both elicitation techniques are designed to prevent certainty bias that has plagued other D.E.U. methods. The SDF technique is found to be superior in overcoming possible interviewer bias. Neither technique is superior in coping with probability bias. The SDF technique is easier to implement but the error-in- response questionnaire is easier to formulate. The error-in- response model results in a specific estimate of the respondent's risk attitude when the negative exponential utility function is used. Based on the comparisons made in the study, the SDF procedure is considered to be superior to the error-in-response model for eliciting risk attitudes.
Graduation date: 1986

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25

Matson, Liana M. "Investigating reactivity to incentive downshift as a correlated response to selection for high alcohol preference and a determinant of rash action and alcohol consumption." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5964.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Losing a job or a significant other are examples of incentive shifts that result in negative emotional reactions. The occurrence of negative life events is associated with increased drinking, and alleviation of negative emotions has been cited as a drinking motive for individuals with problematic drinking patterns (Keyes et al., 2011; Adams et al., 2012). Further, there is evidence that certain genotypes drink alcohol in response to stressful negative life events (Blomeyer et al., 2008; Covault et al., 2007). It is possible that shared genetic factors contribute to both alcohol drinking and emotional reactivity, but there is a critical need for this relationship to be understood. The first aim of this proposal will use an incentive downshift paradigm to address whether emotional reactivity is elevated in mice predisposed to drink alcohol. The second aim of this proposal will address if reactivity to an incentive shift can result in rash action using a differential reinforcement of low rates of responding task, and whether this response is also associated with a predisposition for high drinking. The third aim of this proposal will investigate if experimenter administered ethanol reduces contrast effects, and if an incentive shift increases ethanol consumption in a high drinking line. The overall goal of this proposal is to investigate whether reactivity to incentive shift is an important mechanism underlying alcohol drinking in these mice, and the role an incentive shift may play in producing rash action and influencing ethanol consumption.

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26

Sikhwari, Tshimangadzo Daniel. "The relationship between affective factors and the academic achievement of students at the University of Venda." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1290.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between affective factors and the academic achievement of students at the University of Venda. Self-concept, motivation and attitude are affective factors selected for the study. The general aim of the study is to determine the role of self-concept, motivation and attitude in students' academic achievement and ultimately come up with some recommendations for enhancing these factors. The theoretical investigation indicates that there is a relationship between students' self-concepts, motivation, attitude, and academic achievement. Similarly, the empirical investigation has revealed that there is a significant correlation between self-concept, motivation, and academic achievement of students. It was, for example, found that female students are significantly more motivated than their male counterparts. It is therefore essential that educationists should understand the differences in motivational orientations of their students in order to facilitate effective learning.
Educational Studies
M.Ed.(Specialization in Education Psychology))

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27

"Alcohol-Specific Parenting in a High-Risk Sample: Measurement, Determinants, and Association with Nondrinking Adolescents' Attitudes about Alcohol Use." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14516.

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abstract: Research shows that general parenting practices (e.g., support and discipline), influence adolescent substance use. However, socialization theory suggests that parental socialization occurs not only through general parenting practices, but also through parents' attempts to influence specific behaviors and values. A growing literature supports links between substance-specific parenting and adolescent substance use. For adolescent alcohol use, there are considerable limitations and gaps within this literature. To address these limitations, the present study examined the factor structure of alcohol-specific parenting, investigated the determinants of alcohol-specific parenting, and explored its association with nondrinking adolescents' attitudes about alcohol use. Using a high-risk sample of nondrinking adolescents and their parents, the current study found three dimensions of alcohol-specific parenting using both adolescent and parent reports, but also found evidence of non-invariance across reporters. Results also revealed complex roles of parental alcohol use disorder (AUD; including recovered and current AUD), family history of AUD, and current drinking as determinants of the three dimensions of anti-alcohol parenting behaviors. Moreover, the current study showed that the effects of these determinants varied by the reporter of the parenting behavior. Finally, the current study found the dimensions of alcohol-specific parenting to be unique and significant predictors of nondrinking adolescents' attitudes about alcohol, over and above general parenting practices, parent AUD, and parent current drinking. Given its demonstrated distinctness from general parenting practices, its link with adolescent alcohol attitudes, and its potential malleability, alcohol-specific parenting may be an important complement to interventions targeting parents of adolescents.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Psychology 2012

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28

(6589640), Ji Yoon Jung. "A Comparison of CFA and ESEM Approaches Using TIMSS Science Attitudes Items: Evidence from Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance." Thesis, 2019.

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The power of positive attitudes toward science is that they influence science achievement by reinforcing higher performance. Interestingly, there continue to be gender disparities in attitudes toward science across many countries. Males generally have more positive attitudes toward science than females. Although most research related to attitudes toward science have been based on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Student Questionnaire, there remains a dearth of evidence validating the TIMSS science attitudes items and measurement equivalence across genders.

The goals of this research were as follows: (1) to build support for the structural validity of the TIMSS items, and (2) to investigate whether the instrument measures the same latent construct (attitudes toward science) across genders. The present study followed two steps of statistical analyses. As a first step, two modeling methods (confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling) were conducted to identify the best-fitting model for the instrument. Second, after determining the model of choice, we tested several nested invariance models progressively.

This study found (1) the latent factor structure of the TIMSS items and (2) strong measurement invariance across genders. This result indicated that the instrument is well designed by the a priorispecification and measures the same latent variable for both female and male students. This study provides support for the multidimensional approach to measuring science attitudes and shows the flexibility of ESEM over CFA by demonstrating that the ESEM approach provided better representation of the underlying factor structure.

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29

Adams, Rebecca N. "Measures of Cancer-related Loneliness and Negative Social Expectations: Development and Preliminary Validation." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10332.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Loneliness is a known risk factor for poor mental and physical health outcomes in the general population, and preliminary research suggests that loneliness is linked to poorer health in cancer patients as well. Various aspects of the cancer experience (e.g., heightened existential concerns) lend themselves to making patients feel alone and misunderstood. Furthermore, loneliness theory suggests that negative social expectations, which may specifically relate to the cancer experience, precipitate and sustain loneliness. Thus, loneliness interventions in cancer should be tailored to address illness-related social conditions and negative social expectations. Prior to the development of loneliness interventions for cancer populations, cancer-specific tools are needed to assess: (1) loneliness attributed to cancer (i.e., cancer-related loneliness), and (2) negative social expectations related to cancer. In the current project I developed measures of cancer-related loneliness and cancer-related negative social expectations for use in future theory-based loneliness research. A mixed-methods study design was employed. First, I developed items for the measure of cancer-related loneliness (i.e., the Cancer Loneliness Scale) based on theory, prior research, and expert feedback. Second, I conducted a clinic-based qualitative study (n=15) to: (1) obtain cancer patient feedback on the Cancer Loneliness Scale items, and (2) inform development of the item pool for the measure of negative social expectations (i.e., the Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale). Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and then transferred to Atlas.ti for analysis. Content analysis was used to analyze data regarding patient feedback and theoretical thematic analysis was used to analyze data regarding negative social expectations. Overall, patients said they liked the Cancer Loneliness Scale and no changes were made to the items based on patient feedback. Based on results, I also created five content domains of negative social expectations that were represented in the item pool for the Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale. Third, I conducted a telephone and mail-based quantitative study (n=186) to assess psychometric properties of the two new measures. Dimensionality was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed by examining internal consistency coefficients and construct validity was assessed by examining theoretical relationships between the Cancer Loneliness Scale, the Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale, and existing reliable and valid measures of health and social well-being. The final products of the project included a 7-item unidimensional Cancer Loneliness Scale and 5-item unidimensional Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale. Excellent evidence for reliability and validity was found for both measures. The resulting measures have both clinical and research utility.

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30

Steiner, Jennifer Leah. "Assessing the Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Reducing Schema-enmeshment in Fibromyalgia Syndrome." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4984.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The presence of a chronic pain condition can have a profound impact on one’s self-concept. Some individuals may have had to make major lifestyle changes. As a result, some people may start to define themselves in terms of their pain, such that their self-schema and pain-schemas become intertwined in a process termed schema-enmeshment. It is thought that schema-enmeshment is related to psychological distress making it a prime target for intervention. Little research has been conducted on interventions to reduce schema-enmeshment. Acceptance-based interventions may be especially appropriate in reducing schema-enmeshment or the connection between self and illness symptoms as these interventions tend to emphasize learning to live with pain and other symptoms and to work toward important life goals rather than continually fighting against the condition and allowing it to control their life. This study is a randomized trial comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to education about pain management in a sample of women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ACT in reducing schema-enmeshment between self and pain, as well as enmeshment between self and other symptoms and FMS as a whole. In addition, this study also explored the role of pain acceptance, specifically activity engagement as a mediator of the relationship between treatment group membership and changes in schema-enmeshment. The data was analyzed as an intent-to-treat analysis using the “last measure carried forward” method. Results indicated that the ACT group reported statistically significant differences in self schema-enmeshment with FMS, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms, but not with pain, following the intervention, compared to the educational control group. In each of these cases, the ACT group experienced greater reductions in schema-enmeshment compared to the education group. Interestingly, no statistically significant differences were observed for schema-enmeshment with pain. Statistically significant group differences were also observed for acceptance of pain following the intervention. Finally, a mediational model in which changes in activity engagement (a form of pain acceptance) served as the mediator of the relationship between treatment group and changes in schema-enmeshment with FMS was tested. The model was tested using a bootstrapping method, and results revealed a trend toward a significant indirect effect of changes in activity engagement leading to changes in schema-enmeshment with FMS. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that ACT may be a promising intervention for targeting maladaptive beliefs about the self in relation to illness, especially schema-enmeshment of self with illness and illness symptoms. Additionally, there is evidence that ACT may target key constructs such as activity engagement, which may be related to other cognitive and behavioral changes. Future directions for research and clinical practice related to ACT as an intervention for FMS are discussed in depth.

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Slater, B. L., R. Lawton, Gerry R. Armitage, J. Bibby, and J. Wright. "Training and action for patient safety: embedding interprofessional education for patient safety within an improvement methodology." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7014.

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INTRODUCTION: Despite an explosion of interest in improving safety and reducing error in health care, one important aspect of patient safety that has received little attention is a systematic approach to education and training for the whole health care workforce. This article describes an evaluation of an innovative multiprofessional, team-based training program that embeds patient safety within quality improvement methods. METHODS: Kirkpatrick's "levels of evaluation" model was adopted to evaluate the program in health organizations across one city in the north of England. Questionnaires were used to assess reaction of participants to the program (Level 1). Improvements in patient safety knowledge and patient safety culture (Level 2) were assessed using a 12-item multiple-choice questionnaire and a culture questionnaire. Interviews and project-specific quantitative measurements were used to assess changes in professional practice and patient outcomes (Levels 3 and 4). RESULTS: All aspects of the program were positively received by participants. Few participants completed the MCQ at both time points, but those who did showed improvement in knowledge. There were some small but significant improvements in patient safety culture. Interviews revealed a number of additional benefits beyond the specific problems addressed. Most importantly, 8 of the 11 teams showed improvements in patient safety practices and/or outcomes. DISCUSSION: This program is an example of interprofessional education in practice and demonstrates that team-based learning using quality improvement methods is feasible and can be effective in improving patient safety, but requires time and space for participants. Alignment with continuing education arrangements could support mainstream adoption of this approach within organizations.

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32

Pollon, Simon Carl. "The Measure Of Meaning." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3336.

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There exists a broad inclination among those who theorize about mental representation to assume that the meanings of linguistic units, like words, are going to be identical to, and work exactly like, mental representations, such as concepts. This has the effect of many theorists applying facts that seem to have been discovered about the meanings of linguistic units to mental representations. This is especially so for causal theories of content, which will be the primary exemplars here. It is the contention of this essay that this approach is mistaken. The influence of thinking about language and mental representation in this way has resulted in the adoption of certain positions by a broad swathe of theorists to the effect that the content of a concept is identical to the property in the world that the concept represents, and that because of this a concept only applies to an object in the world or it does not. The consequences of such commitments are what appear to be insoluble problems that arise when trying to account for, or explain, misrepresentation in cognitive systems. This essay presents the position that in order to actually account for misrepresentation, conceptual content must be understood as being very much like measurements, in that the application of a content to an object in the world is akin to measuring said object, and that conceptual content ought be understood as being graded in the same way that measurements are. On this view, then, concepts are the kinds of things that can be applied more, or less, accurately to particular objects in the world, and so are not identical to whatever it is that they represent.

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