Книги: "Atrial fibrillation; stroke; thrombogenesis"

1

Li-Saw-Hee, Foo Leong. A study of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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2

Flaker, Greg. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2018.

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3

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2017-0-00331-2.

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4

Stroke, Dementia and Atrial Fibrillation. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03936-673-6.

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5

Saw, Jacqueline, Saibal Kar, and Matthew J. Price. Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Mechanical Approaches to Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Humana, 2016.

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6

Saw, Jacqueline, Saibal Kar, and Matthew J. Price. Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Mechanical Approaches to Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Springer, 2015.

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7

Saw, Jacqueline, Saibal Kar, and Matthew J. Price. Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Mechanical Approaches to Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Humana Press, 2015.

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8

Stroke In Atrial Fibrillation An Issue Of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2014.

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9

Asirvatham, Samuel J. Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation, an Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2014.

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10

Waldo, Albert L. Rate versus rhythm control therapy for atrial fibrillation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0511.

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Based on data from several clinical trials, either rate control or rhythm control is an acceptable primary therapeutic strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation. However, since atrial fibrillation tends to recur no matter the therapy, rate control should almost always be a part of the treatment. If a rhythm control strategy is selected, it is important to recognize that recurrence of atrial fibrillation is common, but not clinical failure per se. Rather, the frequency and duration of episodes, as well as severity of symptoms during atrial fibrillation episodes should guide treatment decisions. Thus, occasional recurrence of atrial fibrillation despite therapy may well be clinically acceptable. However, for some patients, rhythm control may be the only strategy that is acceptable. In short, for most patients, either a rate or rhythm control strategy should be considered. However, for all patients, there are two main goals of therapy. One is to avoid stroke and/or systemic embolism, and the other is to avoid a tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Also, because of the frequency of atrial fibrillation recurrence despite the treatment strategy selected, patients with stroke risks should receive anticoagulation therapy despite seemingly having achieved stable sinus rhythm. For patients in whom a rate control strategy is selected, a lenient approach to the acceptable ventricular response rate is a resting heart rate of 110 bpm, and probably 90 bpm. The importance of achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure remains to be clearly established.

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11

Lewalter, Thorsten, Clemens Jilek, and Peter Sick. Thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation: device therapy and surgical techniques. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0516.

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The concept of left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion is to mainly prevent stroke by excluding the most relevant source of embolism from the blood circulation. The LAA can be occluded by a number of interventional or surgical approaches. Following a successful LAA occlusion implant procedure or surgical LAA exclusion, oral anticoagulation is typically terminated, followed by antiplatelet therapy, which is routinely used in the post-implant phase for 3–6 months. The need for chronic antiplatelet therapy is still unclear. Most patients are maintained on a single antiplatelet medication, but patients with a particularly high bleeding risk receive no chronic drug therapy. Currently, the main indication for LAA occluder implantation or LAA exclusion is stroke prevention in patients at high stroke risk, with contraindications for long-term oral anticoagulation due to a bleeding history or an otherwise elevated risk for major bleeding.

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12

Warlow, Charles, and Jan van Gijn. Stroke. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0005.

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This chapter includes ten influential papers in the development of ideas about the causes and management of stroke. These are papers that have changed medical thinking or practice, or both simultaneously, and they cover the following topics: the carotid artery; angiography; carotid endarterectomy; embolism from the heart and atrial fibrillation; ruptured intracranial aneurysms recognized during life; intracranial venous thrombosis; thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke; and transient ischaemic attacks. The problematic issue of how to measure the severity of disease is addressed; and the history and development of specialist stroke units is also covered.

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13

Markus, Hugh, Anthony Pereira, and Geoffrey Cloud. Ischaemic stroke: common causes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737889.003.0008.

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This chapter on common causes of ischaemic stroke reviews the major pathologies underlying ischaemic stroke, namely large-artery disease, cardioembolism, and small-vessel disease. Large-vessel extra- and intracranial atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease is covered. Cardioembolic aetiologies of stroke including atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease are discussed. Small-vessel disease causing lacunar stroke and possible heterogonous pathologies underlying this subtype are covered. Dolichoectasia of arteries as a potential cause of stroke and the newer concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source are also discussed.

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14

Markus, Hugh, Anthony Pereira, and Geoffrey Cloud. Secondary prevention of stroke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737889.003.0010.

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In the secondary prevention of stroke chapter the case is made for preventing recurrent stroke by targeted evidence-based intervention based on the aetiological cause of stroke. Lifestyle measures such as smoking cessation as well as pharmacological prevention strategies are discussed. Blood pressure treatment, lipid lowering, and antiplatelet therapy are all examined. Since the last edition there has been a major advance in the stroke prevention treatment of atrial fibrillation with the licensing of new anticoagulant agents and the evidence for their use is reviewed. Surgical and endovascular interventions for extracranial and intracranial stenosis are also outlined, including carotid endarterectomy, carotid stenting, extracranial-intracranial bypass, and intervention for vertebral artery disease.

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15

Rantanen, Kirsi, and Karoliina Aarnio. Stroke in women. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0012.

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Young women who suffer from stroke face multiple challenges regarding child rearing, future pregnancies, and ability to return to work or education. Women in general have a higher lifetime risk of stroke than men (1 in 5 vs 1 in 6), which is partly explained by longer life expectancy in the female population. The incidence of ischaemic stroke in non-pregnant women aged 15–44 years has been around 5 per 100,000 women-years. Women have lower stroke mortality than men except in the older age groups. Women have unique stroke risk factors such as oral contraception, pregnancy, puerperium, and menopausal hormone therapy. It remains unresolved why oestrogen, thought to be neuroprotective, actually can turn out to be harmful in regard to stroke risk. A number of major stroke risk factors such as hypertension, migraine with aura, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and atrial fibrillation are more common in women than men.

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16

Chong, Ji Y., and Michael P. Lerario. A New Arrhythmia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495541.003.0013.

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Atrial fibrillation is a potent risk factor for stroke. Anticoagulation significantly lowers recurrent stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. The novel oral anticoagulants offer options in addition to warfarin, and they are associated with lower risk of bleeding complications.

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17

Chong, Ji Y., and Michael P. Lerario. Investigating the Occult. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495541.003.0016.

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Occult atrial fibrillation is more common than previously thought in patients with cryptogenic stroke, particularly in older cohorts. If stroke patients are suspected to have atrial fibrillation, intensive cardiac monitoring using implantable loop recorders or prolonged external monitors should be ordered and can result in higher rates of arrhythmia detection.

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18

O’Neal, M. Angela. “Will I Have a Stroke?”. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0031.

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This chapter reviews stroke in women, their third leading cause of death. Complications of pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular disease beyond pregnancy. Women with preeclampsia have 2–10-fold risk of chronic hypertension. Fifty percent of women with gestational diabetes mellitus will develop type II DM within 5–10 years of their pregnancy. Women who have preeclampsia have twice the risk of stroke and a four-fold risk of high blood pressure. In women with atrial fibrillation over the age of 75, there is a higher risk of stroke than in men. The American Heart and Stroke Association published a guideline in 2014 for stroke prevention in women. They defined the stroke risk factors that are sex-specific, such as pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, oral contraceptive use, and postmenopausal hormone use. There are several conditions associated with stroke in women, including: migraine with aura, AF, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

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19

Bowker, Lesley K., James D. Price, Ku Shah, and Sarah C. Smith. Cardiovascular. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738381.003.0010.

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This chapter provides information on the ageing cardiovascular system, chest pain, stable angina, acute coronary syndromes, myocardial infarction, hypertension, treatment of hypertension, presentation of arrhythmias, management of arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, rate/rhythm control in atrial fibrillation, stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, bradycardia and conduction disorders, common arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities, heart failure assessment, acute heart failure, chronic heart failure, dilemmas in heart failure, heart failure with preserved left ventricular function, valvular heart disease, peripheral oedema, preventing venous thromboembolism in an older person, peripheral vascular disease, gangrene in peripheral vascular disease, and vascular secondary prevention.

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20

Munshi, Sunil K., and Rowan Harwood, eds. Stroke in the Older Person. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198747499.001.0001.

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Stroke in the Older Person will inform the readers about every aspect of stroke disease and traverses the entire stroke pathway. It explores all aspects of stroke and in particular those singular features of stroke that afflict older people. Nearly three-quarters of all strokes occur in people over the age of sixty-five. Each chapter is a synthesis of up-to-date work and practical approaches, relevant to stroke physicians, geriatricians, neurologists, researchers, doctors of all grades, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, advanced nurse practitioners, and neuropsychologists. The important themes addressed are the patient’s perspective, epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostic work-up including imaging, primary and secondary prevention, thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and all aspects of rehabilitation. It addresses transient ischaemic attack (TIA), atrial fibrillation, intracerebral haemorrhage, carotid revascularization, nutrition, and stroke mimics, dysphagia, the burden of cerebrovascular disease in the community, cognitive impairment, ethical and moral dilemmas including do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR), advanced directives, and end-of-life care. Stroke predominantly affects older people but there is a great shortage of literature in this age group. The editors have put together an excellent collection of chapters written by frontline clinicians or well-known academicians in their field. Special attention has been paid to make the book very readable, with plenty of practical tips. Only through a greater awareness of every aspect of stroke in older people can we make progress and treat our older people with the excellent care and dignity that they deserve.

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21

Nageshwaran, Sathiji, Heather C. Wilson, Anthony Dickenson, and David Ledingham. Cerebrovascular disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199664368.003.0004.

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This chapter on cerebrovascular disease discusses the evidence-based management of acute stroke, transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), and secondary stroke prevention (antiplatelet therapy, risk factor modification, atrial fibrillation (AF), carotid and vertebral artery dissection, and symptomatic carotid artery disease). Drug treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are also discussed.

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22

Chong, Ji Y., and Michael P. Lerario. Numbness While on Anticoagulation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495541.003.0030.

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Hemorrhagic stroke is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is hypertension. Patients with suspected ICH should be immediately evaluated with computed tomography (CT) scanning. If coagulopathic, correction of coagulopathy must be instituted rapidly. Hemorrhage due to hypertension usually occurs in subcortical locations. In patients with atrial fibrillation and ICH, a careful analysis of each individual’s risks and benefits must be performed prior to resuming anticoagulation for ischemic stroke prevention. Prevention involves aggressive blood pressure control.

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23

Turc, Guillaume, David Calvet, and Jean-Louis Mas. Cardiac aetiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0005.

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Cardiac aetiology accounts for approximately 20% of strokes in young adults. Although atrial fibrillation is a leading cause of stroke in the general population, it is uncommon in young adults. In such patients, more diverse causes of ischaemic stroke are observed, including valvular heart diseases, infective endocarditis, Libman–Sacks endocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathies, congenital heart diseases, myocardial infarction, and intracardiac tumours. Patent foramen ovale is commonly observed in young adults with ischaemic stroke, but this association may be incidental in a sizeable proportion of patients. Young adults who are the most likely to have a stroke-related patent foramen ovale are also those with the lowest recurrence risk.

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24

Ferro, José M., and Ana Catarina Fonseca. Secondary prevention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0015.

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There are no specific guidelines regarding secondary stroke prevention in young adult stroke patients. Recommendations for secondary prevention are mainly extrapolated from data obtained from older individuals, because young adults were excluded or under-represented in most secondary stroke prevention clinical trials. Secondary stroke prevention includes (a) screening and control of vascular risk factors, that is, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, hormonal contraception, infections, trauma, physical inactivity, obesity, poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol, and illicit drug use; and (b) identification and treatment of specific causes of ischaemic stroke, that is, cardioembolism, large vessel extra- and intracranial atherosclerotic disease, small vessel disease, dissection, antiphospholipid syndrome, moyamoya disease, sickle cell disease, and some rare diseases. There is then an opportunity for lifelong prevention of vascular events after stroke in a young adult.

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25

Kelley, Roger E. Cardiac Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0188.

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Heart disease is a major contributor to stroke and other neurologic disorders in adults. Cardioembolic stroke accounts for roughly 15% of all stroke, and the most common mechanism is cardiac arrhythmia, with atrial fibrillation the leading contributor. Anticoagulation such as using aspirin or warfarin is chosen based on the presence of associated risk factors including congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, and diabetes mellitus. Heart failure ranks second in the incidence of stroke from cardioembolism, with other risk factors being endocarditis, severe cardiomyopathy, acute myocardial infarction, and patent foramen ovale. Recent clinical trials indicate that induction of total body hyopthermia after cardiac arrest to a target temperature of 32°C to 34°C, for 24 hours, had a more favorable neurological outcome compared with a normothermia group.

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26

Huber, Kurt, and Joao Morais. Coagulation and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0017.

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Antithrombotic therapy consisting of antiplatelet agents and/or anticoagulants is an important way to avoid atherothrombotic complications, especially in secondary prevention. Primary prevention by antithrombotic measures usually refers to the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and an increased risk for stroke or peripheral thromboembolic events by the use of anticoagulants. In certain situations a combination of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents is mandatory. This chapter provides the pathophysiological background of coagulation and thrombosis, reports on the epidemiology of antithrombotic treatment, and describes the efficacy and safety of preventive antithrombotic measures in different cardiovascular indications. A short paragraph summarizes the current discussion of skipping aspirin in order to reduce the rate and severity of bleeding events.

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27

Huber, Kurt, and Joao Morais. Coagulation and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0017_update_001.

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Antithrombotic therapy consisting of antiplatelet agents and/or anticoagulants is an important way to avoid atherothrombotic complications, especially in secondary prevention. Primary prevention by antithrombotic measures usually refers to the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and an increased risk for stroke or peripheral thromboembolic events by the use of anticoagulants. In certain situations a combination of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents is mandatory. This chapter provides the pathophysiological background of coagulation and thrombosis, reports on the epidemiology of antithrombotic treatment, and describes the efficacy and safety of preventive antithrombotic measures in different cardiovascular indications. A short paragraph summarizes the current discussion of skipping aspirin in order to reduce the rate and severity of bleeding events.

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Книги з теми "Atrial fibrillation; stroke; thrombogenesis"

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