Статті в журналах: "Atom-ion system"

1

Ulrich, A., R. Gernhäuser, W. Krötz, J. Wieser, and D. E. Murnick. "Ion-atom charge-transfer system for a heavy-ion-beam pumped laser." Physical Review A 50, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 1931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.50.1931.

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2

Melezhik, Vladimir S. "Efficient computational scheme for ion dynamics in RF-field of Paul trap." Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2658-4670-2019-27-4-378-385.

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We have developed an efficient computational scheme for integration of the classical Hamilton equations describing the ion dynamics confined in the radio-frequency field of the Paul trap. It has permitted a quantitative treatment of cold atom-ion resonant collisions in hybrid atom-ion traps with taking into account unremovable ion micromotion caused by the radio-frequency fields (V.S. Melezhik et. al., Phys. Rev. A100, 063406 (2019)). The important element of the hybrid atom-ion systems is the electromagnetic Paul trap confining the charged ion. The oscillating motion of the confined ion is defined by two frequencies of the Paul trap. It is the frequency of the order of 100 kHz due to the constant electric field and the radio-frequency of about 1-2 MHz defined by the alternating electromagnetic field of the ion trap. The necessity to accurately treat the ion motion in the combined field with two time scales defined by these two very different frequencies has demanded to develop the stable computational scheme for integration of the classical Hamilton equations for the ion motion. Moreover, the scheme must be stable on rather long time-interval of the ion collision with the cold atom ∼ 10 × 2/ defined by the atomic trap frequency ∼ 10 kHz and in the moment of the atom-ion collision when the Hamilton equations are strongly coupled. The developed numerical method takes into account all these features of the problem and makes it possible to integrate the system of coupled quantum-semiclassical equations with the necessary accuracy and quantitatively describes the processes of atomic-ion collisions in hybrid traps, including resonance effects.

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3

Yu, Yan-Zi, Jian-Gang Guo, and Yi-Lan Kang. "An Analytical Model for Adsorption and Diffusion of Atoms/Ions on Graphene Surface." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/382474.

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Theoretical investigations are made on adsorption and diffusion of atoms/ions on graphene surface based on an analytical continuous model. An atom/ion interacts with every carbon atom of graphene through a pairwise potential which can be approximated by the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential. Using the Fourier expansion of the interaction potential, the total interaction energy between the adsorption atom/ion and a monolayer graphene is derived. The energy-distance relationships in the normal and lateral directions for varied atoms/ions, including gold atom (Au), platinum atom (Pt), manganese ion (Mn2+), sodium ion (Na1+), and lithium-ion (Li1+), on monolayer graphene surface are analyzed. The equilibrium position and binding energy of the atoms/ions at three particular adsorption sites (hollow, bridge, and top) are calculated, and the adsorption stability is discussed. The results show that H-site is the most stable adsorption site, which is in agreement with the results of other literatures. What is more, the periodic interaction energy and interaction forces of lithium-ion diffusing along specific paths on graphene surface are also obtained and analyzed. The minimum energy barrier for diffusion is calculated. The possible applications of present study include drug delivery system (DDS), atomic scale friction, rechargeable lithium-ion graphene battery, and energy storage in carbon materials.

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4

Kim, Se-Ho, Ji Yeong Lee, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, and Pyuck-Pa Choi. "Fabrication of Atom Probe Tomography Specimens from Nanoparticles Using a Fusible Bi–In–Sn Alloy as an Embedding Medium." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618015556.

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AbstractWe propose a new method for preparing atom probe tomography specimens from nanoparticles using a fusible bismuth–indium–tin alloy as an embedding medium. Iron nanoparticles synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method were chosen as a model system. The as-synthesized iron nanoparticles were embedded within the fusible alloy using focused ion beam milling and ion-milled to needle-shaped atom probe specimens under cryogenic conditions. An atom probe analysis revealed boron atoms in a detected iron nanoparticle, indicating that boron from the sodium borohydride reductant was incorporated into the nanoparticle during its synthesis.

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5

LUPSA, ILEANA. "MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF U1-xYxMnAl SYSTEM." Modern Physics Letters B 18, no. 30 (December 30, 2004): 1543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984904007931.

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The magnetic measurements on U 1-x Y x MnAl system were performed in the 4–600 K temperature range and fields up to 70 kOe. YMnAl presents spin fluctuation characteristics due to manganese atoms with a Curie–Weiss type behavior over the T* temperature. The gradual substitution of uranium for yttrium leads to similar behavior evidencing higher molar Curie constants and supporting a contribution due to uranium atom. The effective magnetic moment on uranium positions is that of U 3+ ion (3.1μB) and is composition-independent. The spin fluctuating state of manganese is characterized by the effective magnetic moment of 3μB/ Mn atom. The intrinsic Mn moment order is discussed in the critical Mn – Mn separation term.

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6

Macauley, Chandra, Martina Heller, Alexander Rausch, Frank Kümmel, and Peter Felfer. "A versatile cryo-transfer system, connecting cryogenic focused ion beam sample preparation to atom probe microscopy." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): e0245555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245555.

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Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful technique to obtain 3D chemical and structural information, however the ‘standard’ atom probe experimental workflow involves transfer of specimens at ambient conditions. The ability to transfer air- or thermally-sensitive samples between instruments while maintaining environmental control is critical to prevent chemical or morphological changes prior to analysis for a variety of interesting sample materials. In this article, we describe a versatile transfer system that enables cryogenic- or room-temperature transfer of specimens in vacuum or atmospheric conditions between sample preparation stations, a focused ion beam system (Zeiss Crossbeam 540) and a widely used commercial atom probe system (CAMECA LEAP 4000X HR). As an example for the use of this transfer system, we present atom probe data of gallium- (Ga)-free grain boundaries in an aluminum (Al) alloy specimen prepared with a Ga-based FIB.

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7

Trimby, E., H. Hirzler, H. Fürst, A. Safavi-Naini, R. Gerritsma, and R. S. Lous. "Buffer gas cooling of ions in radio-frequency traps using ultracold atoms." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac5759.

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Abstract Reaching ultracold temperatures within hybrid atom–ion systems is a major limiting factor for control and exploration of the atom–ion interaction in the quantum regime. In this work, we present results on numerical simulations of trapped ion buffer gas cooling using an ultracold atomic gas in a large number of experimentally realistic scenarios. We explore the suppression of micromotion-induced heating effects through optimization of trap parameters for various radio-frequency (rf) traps and rf driving schemes including linear and octupole traps, digital Paul traps, rotating traps and hybrid optical/rf traps. We find that very similar ion energies can be reached in all of them even when considering experimental imperfections that cause so-called excess micromotion. Moreover we look into a quantum description of the system and show that quantum mechanics cannot save the ion from micromotion-induced heating in an atom–ion collision. The results suggest that buffer gas cooling can be used to reach close to the ion’s groundstate of motion and is even competitive when compared to some sub-Doppler cooling techniques such as Sisyphus cooling. Thus, buffer gas cooling is a viable alternative for ions that are not amenable to laser cooling, a result that may be of interest for studies into cold controlled quantum chemistry and charged impurity physics.

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8

Grovenor, C. R. M., A. Cerezo, J. A. Liddle, R. A. D. Mackenzie, M. G. Hetherington, and G. D. W. Smith. "Ultra-high resolution chemical analysis by field-ion atom probe/position sensitive atom probe techniques." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100086738.

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The use of field ion microscopy based techniques in the study of the structure and chemistry of metallic and semiconducting materials with very high resolution is now well documented. The particular features of these techniques which result in the achievement of very high spatial resolution in images and chemical profiles are; the intrinsic magnification in a conventional field ion microscope of at least 106, the plane-by-plane desorption characteristic of field evaporation processes, and the excellent chemical specificity in a modern atom probe. In addition, we have developed in Oxford a new detector system for field ion based equipment in which both the chemical identity of evaporated ions and the position on the sample surface from which they were evaporated can be established. This allows the reconstruction of the evaporated volume in three dimensions, and this technique has been christened the Position Sensitive Atom Probe, POSAP. This abstract presents the results of two typical experiments illustrating the very high quality of the chemical data that can be obtained in both conventional atom probe and POSAP facilities.

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9

Olaya, Jhon Jairo, Diana Maritza Marulanda, and Sandra Rodil. "Preferential orientation in metal nitride deposited by the UBM system." Ingeniería e Investigación 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n1.15220.

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This work was aimed at studying the influence of ion bombardment on the preferred orientation (OP) of transition metal nitrides (TMN) produced by the reactive sputtering technique with a variable unbalanced magnetron through permanent magnets. Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings were thus studied by varying two parameters: ion-atom ratio on the substrate (Ji/Ja) and nitrogen flux. Deposition conditions were as follows: 7 mTorr working pressure, ~ 380ºC substrate temperature, 2 and 8.5 sccm nitrogen flux and 245-265 discharge power. The results showed that preferred orientation (111) and the crystalline behaviour of the produced coatings depended more on nitrogen flux than on ion bombardment. Similarly, micro-hardness measured on films deposited on steel AISI-M2 substrates increased from 1600 to 2000 HV0.025 when nitrogen flux was increased.

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10

Wang, Xing Ye, Bing Jun Shen, Li Hong Jin, Xin Le Zhao, and Jian Tian. "Excess Heat Triggering by 488 nm Laser in a D/Pd Gas-Loading System." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1182.

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A beam of Argon ion laser (λ = 488 nm and P = 40 mW) was used to irradiate some palladium deuterides with different deuteron loading ratios in a D/Pd gas-loading system (19 different loading ratios ranging from 0 to 0.77). The results showed that there was a maximum excess heat of about 287 J within an hour in the system when the loading ratio was about 0.65. This corresponds to 2.6×103 eV/atom D or 1.7 ×103eV/atom Pd. The results indicate that the proper ratio in the Pd lattice matching a suitable triggering power may be the key factor to excess heat production.

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11

Muslim, Mohd, Md Serajul Haque Faizi, Arif Ali, Mohd Afzal, Musheer Ahmad, Necmi Dege та Ashraf Mashrai. "Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of [2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-κN 3)aniline-κN]dichloridozinc(II) N,N-dimethylformamide monosolvate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 77, № 5 (9 квітня 2021): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989021003649.

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The title compound, [ZnCl2(C13H11N3)]·C3H7NO, crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system in space group P21/n. The asymmetric unit contains one neutral complex molecule, which consists of a zinc ion, a bidentate ligand, and two chlorido ligands with dimethylformamide monosolvate. The ligand has two moieties, a benzimidazole and an aniline group. The benzimidazole and aniline planes are not coplanar, subtending a dihedral angle of 18.24 (8)°. The Zn(II) ion shows distorted tetrahedral geometry, being coordinated by an imidazole N atom, the aniline N atom, and two chlorido ligands. The packing features N—H...O, N—H...Cl, C—H...Cl hydrogen bonding.

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12

Erban, Radek. "Coupling all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of ions in water with Brownian dynamics." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2186 (February 2016): 20150556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0556.

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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ions (K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Cl − ) in aqueous solutions are investigated. Water is described using the SPC/E model. A stochastic coarse-grained description for ion behaviour is presented and parametrized using MD simulations. It is given as a system of coupled stochastic and ordinary differential equations, describing the ion position, velocity and acceleration. The stochastic coarse-grained model provides an intermediate description between all-atom MD simulations and Brownian dynamics (BD) models. It is used to develop a multiscale method which uses all-atom MD simulations in parts of the computational domain and (less detailed) BD simulations in the remainder of the domain.

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13

Holman, Robert W., Jennifer Davis, Amy Walstrom, Michelle McCombs, Gina Jackson, Shannon Sullivan та Michael L. Gross. "An Investigation of Gaseous α-Halogenated Carbocations and Isomeric Halonium, Halenium, and Allylhalonium Ions". Australian Journal of Chemistry 56, № 5 (2003): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02264.

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We investigated with tandem mass spectrometric methods (MS/MS) the nature and extent of stabilization of gas-phase alkyl, vinyl and 2-allyl carbenium ions caused by halogen participation of neighboring chlorine and bromine atoms. The extent of halogen atom stabilization is greatest for alkyl ions, followed closely by that for vinyl ions, and is significantly less for the 2-halosubstituted allyl ions. The data is consistent with bridged halonium ion formation in alkyl systems and bridged halenium ion formation in vinyl systems. Our results for the 2-chloro allyl system are in accord with an earlier NMR interpretation rather than with recent theory, indicating that a bridged allyl halonium ion species is involved.

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14

Jefferson, E. A., A. J. Kresge, and S. W. Paine. "Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-diazo-isothiochroman-3-one. Comparison with the acyclic analog and the corresponding oxygen system." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-008.

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The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cyclic diazothiolactone, 4-diazoisochroman-3-one (3) was found to occur with the hydronium-ion isotope effect, [Formula: see text] and to give the ring-contracted product, 1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (4). This shows that protonation of the diazo carbon atom occurs in the rate-determining step and that the reaction also involves migration of the thio group. The hydronium-ion catalytic coefficient for this reaction, [Formula: see text], is 45 times less than that for hydrolysis of its acyclic thio ester analog, S-methyl phenyldiazothioacetate (5). Semiempirical AM1 molecular orbital calculations support the idea that this difference in reactivity is the result of increased delocalization of negative charge into the aromatic ring in the case of the cyclic substrate, which reduces the negative charge on the diazo carbon atom and makes it less susceptible to protonation. Key words: hydrolysis, diazoalkanes, charge delocalization, AM1 calculations, thio group migration.

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15

Kirchner, Tom. "Indication of strong interatomic Coulombic decay in slow He²⁺–Ne₂ collisions." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 54, no. 20 (October 20, 2021): 205201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac34e0.

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Abstract Electron removal in collisions of alpha particles with neon dimers is studied using an independent-atom-independent-electron model based on the semiclassical approximation of heavy-particle collision physics. The dimer is assumed to be frozen at its equilibrium bond length and collision events for the two ion–atom subsystems are combined in an impact parameter by impact parameter fashion for three mutually perpendicular orientations. Both frozen atomic target and dynamic response model calculations are carried out using the coupled-channel two-center basis generator method. We pay particular attention to inner-valence Ne(2s) electron removal, which is associated with interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD), resulting in low-energy electron emission and dimer fragmentation. Our calculations confirm a previous experimental result at 150 keV/amu impact energy regarding the relative strength of ICD compared to direct electron emission. They further indicate that ICD is the dominant Ne+ + Ne+ fragmentation process below 10 keV/amu, suggesting that a strong low-energy electron yield will be observed in the ion–dimer system in a regime in which the creation of continuum electrons is a rare event in the ion–atom problem.

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16

Uyakul, Duangchan, Minoru Isobe, and Toshio Goto. "Mycotoxin Analysis by Fast Atom Bombardment Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 3 (May 1, 1989): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.3.491.

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Abstract Positive fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry is demonstrated to be an effective technique for determination of crude aflatoxins and sterigmatocystin-related compounds. The molecular ion was selected by the first system and bombarded to produce characteristic daughter ions that could be used to identify mycotoxins in mixtures and with the same molecular weight.

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17

Kazakoff, Clement W., Robin T. B. Rye, and Oswald S. Tee. "The fast atom bombardment mass spectra of some N-substituted pyrimidinium salts." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-121.

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The fast atom bombardment mass spectra of selected 1,2-dihydro-1,3-disubstituted-2-oxo-pyrimidinium salts are presented. Loss of N-substituents from the solute cation is the principal fragmentation observed in the positive ion spectra. Several concentration dependent features of the spectra are identified; these are thought to result from the interaction of the solute cation with bombardment-induced matrix fragments. Cluster ions are observed in both positive and negative ion spectra. In a mixed solute system cluster ions resulting from extensive cation and anion mixing are observed; the concentration dependence of these mixed cluster ion peaks can be approximately described in terms of conventional solution equilibria.

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18

SHUTTLEWORTH, I. G. "THE SATURATED (3 × 3)-H/Cu(111) SYSTEM: A STRUCTURAL STUDY USING MEDIUM-ENERGY ION SCATTERING AND HELIUM ATOM SCATTERING." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 06 (December 2007): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07010792.

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The adsorption of atomic hydrogen on Cu (111) has been studied using the techniques of helium atom scattering (HAS) and medium-energy ion scattering (MEIS). Ion scattering investigations of the saturated (3 × 3)- H / Cu (111) system indicate that no reconstruction of the Cu substrate exists along the high symmetry directions of the surface. The HAS hydrogen cross-section for H / Cu (111) has been determined to be (12.5 ± 2.5 Å2). The symmetry of the HAS diffraction pattern shows that the (3 × 3)- H / Cu (111) system is formed of a single domain structure.

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19

Yeşilel, Okan Zafer, Kamber Akdağb, Hümeyra Paşaoğlu, and Orhan Büyükgüngör. "Synthesis And Spectral, Thermal And Structural Characterization Of A Vitamin B13 Complex Of Nickel(II) With 2-Aminothiazole, Mer-[Ni(HOr)(H2o)2(Ata)2]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0610.

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The mer-bis(2-aminothiazole)diaqua-orotato-nickel(II) complex, mer-[Ni(HOr)(H2O)2(ata)2] (1), was synthesized and characterized by spectral (IR and UV/vis) and thermal studies. In addition, the crystal structure of the complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1̅. The orotate ligand is coordinated to the nickel(II) atom through a nitrogen atom of the pyrimidine ring and an oxygen atom of the carboxylate group as a bidentate dianion. The coordination of the Ni(II) ion is extended to six by the two 2-aminothiazoles (ata) and two water molecules. The thermal decomposition has been studied in a static air atmosphere

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20

Bambagiotti-Alberti, Massimo, Bruno Bruni, Ferdinando Costantino, Massimo Di Vaira, and Valerio Giannellini. "N-{(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-3-[2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenoxy]propyl}propanaminium chloride." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 5 (April 5, 2006): o1694—o1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806011408.

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The title compound, propafenone hydrochloride, C21H28NO3 +·Cl−, is a potent antiarrhythmic drug, which acts by blocking channels for sodium transport across cell borders. The crystal packing is essentially controlled by a system of hydrogen bonds involving the quaternary N atom, the (disordered) hydroxy group and the chloride ion.

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21

Abdalla, M. Sebaweh, E. M. Khalil, and A. S. F. Obada. "Time-dependent interaction between a two-level atom and a su(1,1) Lie algebra quantum system." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 15 (May 24, 2017): 1750211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217502113.

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The problem of the interaction between a two-level atom and a two-mode field in the parametric amplifier-type is considered. A similar problem appears in an ion trapped in a two-dimensional trap. The problem is transformed into an interaction governed by su(1,1) Lie algebraic operators with phase and coupling parameter depending on time. Under an integrability condition, that relates phase and coupling, a solution to the wavefunction is obtained using the Schrödinger equation. The effects of the functional dependence of the coupling and the initial state of the two-level atom on atomic inversion, the degree of entanglement, the fidelity and the Glauber second-order correlation function are investigated. It is shown that the acceleration term plays an important role in controlling the function behavior of the considered quantities.

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22

KACHUROVSKAYA, NELLY A., GEORGII M. ZHIDOMIROV, and CHRISTIAN MINOT. "PERIODIC DFT STUDY OF ISOMORPHOUS INCORPORATION OF A V ION INTO (100) AND (001) ANATASE SURFACE LAYERS." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 03n04 (June 2002): 1425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02003962.

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Two models of a V2O5 catalyst supported on TiO2 are compared using DFT-GGA periodic calculations. In the first one, the energetically least favorable, a surface Ti atom of the TiO2 anatase is substituted by a V atom, leading to a V+4 ion as active site. In the second model, the Ti atom is substituted by a VOH group; pentacoordinated V+5 ions are formed at the surface. This model leads to the most stable system with a gap between the occupied band mainly localized on the oxygen ions and the vacant band mainly localized on the metal ions. For the (100) face, it is concluded that the substitutions occur with the same energies at first neighbor and second neighbor metal positions. The adsorption energies are slightly larger for the (001) face, which is more stable.

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23

Grumer, J., and P. S. Barklem. "Excitation and charge transfer in low-energy hydrogen atom collisions with neutral manganese and titanium." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937434.

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Data for inelastic processes due to hydrogen atom collisions with manganese and titanium are needed for accurate modeling of the corresponding spectra in late-type stars. In this work excitation and charge transfer in low-energy Mn+H and Ti+H collisions have been studied theoretically using a method based on an asymptotic two-electron linear combination of an atomic orbitals model of ionic-covalent interactions in the neutral atom-hydrogen-atom system, together with the multichannel Landau-Zener model to treat the dynamics. Extensive calculations of charge transfer (mutual neutralization, ion-pair production), excitation and de-excitation processes in the two collisional systems are carried out for all transitions between covalent states dissociating to energies below the first ionic limit and the dominating ionic states. Rate coefficients are determined for temperatures in the range 1000–20 000 K in steps of 1000 K. Like for earlier studies of other atomic species, charge transfer processes are found to lead to much larger rate coefficients than excitation processes.

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24

Rajarajan, K., A. Pugazhenthi та M. NizamMohideen. "catena-Poly[[bis(μ2-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane)dipotassium]-μ2-iodido-(iodidocadmium)-di-μ2-iodido-(iodidocadmium)-μ2-iodido]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, № 2 (31 січня 2013): m125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813002274.

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The reaction of CdCl2, 18-crown-6 and KI in water yields the title coordination polymer, [{K(C12H24O6)}2Cd2I6]n. The potassium ion lies approximately in the plane of the crown ether, coordinated by all six crown ether O atoms and also by an iodide anion bound to a cadmium atom. A C atom of the crown ether is disordered over two positions with site occupancies of 0.77 (2) and 0.23 (2). Two K(18-crown-6)+units are linked by inversion symmetry, forming a [bis(μ2-18-crown-6)dipottasium] system with approximately square-planar K2O2units. Inversion symmetry also generates the Cd2I6fragment and the polymeric system is extended along thecaxis by the formation of K—I—Cd bridges.

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25

Xu, S., Y. Li, and E. J. D. Vredenbregt. "Investigation of Rb⁺ milling rates using an ultracold focused ion beam." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 4 (July 2022): 042801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001838.

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Several ion source alternatives for current focused ion beam (FIB) systems have been studied to achieve higher brightness, including cold atom ion sources. However, a study of ultracold ions interacting with often used materials is seldom reported. Here, we investigate milling on several typical samples in a prototype ultracold Rb FIB system at 8.5 keV beam energy. For polycrystalline metallic substrates, such as Cu and Au, patterns milled by [Formula: see text] ions are observed to have reduced surface roughness but still high milling rates compared with those milled by [Formula: see text] ions. [Formula: see text] also shows similar sputter rates as 30 keV [Formula: see text] on semiconductor substrates GaAs and InP. Special cases for [Formula: see text] milling show that the [Formula: see text] ion beam has a [Formula: see text] faster sputter rate on diamond but a [Formula: see text] slower sputter rate on Al compared with a normal 30 keV [Formula: see text] ion beam. In general, an [Formula: see text] ion beam is shown to be suitable for nanostructuring of several basic materials.

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26

d'Alessandro, Nicola, Lucia Tonucci, Luana K. Dragani, Antonino Morvillo, and Mario Bressan. "Fate of nickel and cobalt sulfophthalocyanines under oxidizing conditions: a spectroscopic investigation." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 07, no. 07 (July 2003): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424603000616.

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Two water-soluble metal sulfophthalocyanines, namely Ni (II) PcS and Co (II) PcS , were structurally characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy. The dominant ion in ESI-MS was a penta-protonated monomeric Ni (II) complex and a tetra-protonated form with the Co (II) ion being oxidized to Co (III), confirming the facile oxidation of the central cobalt atom of the phthalocyanine ring by a soft ionization method as ESI. Experiments at various ESI voltages were also performed to ascertain the target of the oxidation, whether it was the metal or the phthalocyanine unsaturated system. Addition of small amounts of oxidizing agents, like potassium persulfate, resulted in a definite attenuation of the Q band in the UV-vis spectra, while ESI-MS detected a variety of complexes, containing at least one oxygen atom, which rapidly replaced the initial complexes.

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27

Laulan, Stéphane, Marc-André Albert, and Samira Barmaki. "Direct and sequential ejection of the two valence electrons of beryllium by ultrashort laser pulses with photon energies below 18.2 eV." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 10 (October 2017): 900–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0082.

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We investigate the two-photon double ionization of a beryllium atom by intense ultrashort laser pulses. We apply a nonperturbative approach to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We treat the atom as a two-active-electron system with two outer electrons in the field of a frozen core that includes the nucleus and the electrons of the 1s2 inner shell. We trigger the ionization with photon energies lower than the second ionization potential Ip(Be+(2s)) = 18.2 eV of the atom so that the 2s2 valence shell electrons can be directly ejected in the double continuum or sequentially ejected via excitation ionization through the Be+(2p) ion. We investigate, for various photon energies, the contribution of each of the direct and sequential processes to the ionization dynamic.

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28

Nakanishi, Hiroshi, Hideaki Kasai, and Ayao Okiji. "Final energy distributions of the electronic system in atom or ion scattering from metal surfaces." Surface Science 216, no. 1-2 (June 1989): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(89)90656-0.

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29

Nakanishi, Hiroshi, Hideaki Kasai, and Ayao Okiji. "Final energy distributions of the electronic system in atom or ion scattering from metal surfaces." Surface Science Letters 216, no. 1-2 (June 1989): A327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(89)90877-3.

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30

Fuelling, S., and R. Bruch. "Design of a versatile pressure control system for gas targets in ion-atom collision studies." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 79, no. 1-4 (June 1993): 779–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(93)95467-j.

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31

Tokai, T., K. Bito, Y. Shimabukuro, and M. Wada. "Improvement of Velocity Distribution Function Measurement of Hydrogen Atoms in ion Source Discharges." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012004.

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Abstract The efficiency of negative hydrogen (H-) ion surface production in an ion source should be highly dependent upon the velocity distribution function of neutral atomic hydrogen (H0) striking the plasm grid (PG). A system composed of forming an atom beam, rotating beam chopper, ionizer and pulse count unit has been constructed to measure H0 velocity distribution functions. The background noise due to stagnation of hydrogen gas in the region between the beam formation skimmer and the ion source PG was improved by inserting a flow reflection structure. The short life time of the secondary electron emission detector (SEM) was prolonged by properly setting the hydrogen ion trajectories from the ionizer to the the first dynode of the SEM. The system is running stably to record the velocity distribution function but statistical noise synchronized to the trigger pulse of the chopper must be removed before the measurment of change in H0 velocity distribution functions dependin upon the type of discharge.

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32

Lee, Byung Jun, Alexander Efremov, Yunho Nam, and Kwang-Ho Kwon. "On the Control of Plasma Chemistry and Silicon Etching Kinetics in Ternary HBr + Cl2 + O2 Gas System: Effects of HBr/O2 and Cl2/O2 Mixing Ratios." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3676.

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The influences of both HBr/O2 (at constant Cl2 fraction) and Cl2/O2 (at constant HBr fraction) ratios in HBr + Cl 2 + O2 gas mixture on bulk plasma characteristics, active species densities and etching kinetics of silicon were studied. The results indicated that an increase in O2 content in a feed gas at constant Cl2 fraction in a processing gas (1) produces the stronger impact on plasma chemistry by the influence on the kinetics of electron-impact and atom-molecular reaction; and (2) provides the wider adjustments for both halogen atom flux and ion flux with the opposite tendencies with those for variable Cl2/O2 mixing ratio. The experiments demonstrated that the transition toward more oxygenated plasmas in both cases lowers the Si etching rate as well as result is decreasing effective reaction probability and etching yield. These effects may be associated with decreasing amount of adsorption sites for Cl/Br atoms as well as increasing sputtering (ion-stimulated desorption) threshold for reaction products due to the formation of the low-volatile silicon oxy-chlorides and-bromides in heterogeneous SiClx + O/OH and SiBrx + O/OH reactions.

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33

Smith, G. D. W., A. Cerezo, C. R. M. Grovenor, T. J. Godfrey, and R. P. Setna. "Three-dimensional reconstruction of atomic-scale composition with the position-sensitive atom probe." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132029.

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The combination of a field ion microscope with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer provides the capability for chemical microanalysis at the single atom level. Such an instrument is termed an Atom Probe. Conventionally, the connection between the microscope and the mass spectrometer is made via a small aperture hole in the imaging screen. This defines a region on the specimen, typically about 2nm across, from which the analysis is obtained. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that other regions of the specimen cannot be examined, as ions from all but the selected area strike the image screen and therefore do not pass into the mass spectrometer. In order to overcome this problem, we have developed a version of the Atom Probe which incorporates a wide-angle position sensitive detector system. This instrument, which we have termed the POSAP, is shown schematically in figure 1. Typically, the field of view in this instrument is about 20nm across. The number of ions collected per atom layer removed from the specimen surface is therefore approximately 5,000.

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34

Amirov, V. Kh, A. I. Gorbovskiy, V. I. Davydenko, P. P. Deychuli, A. A. Ivanov, V. A. Kapitonov, V. V. Mishagin, A. V. Sorokin, and I. V. Shikhovtsev. "Ion-Optical System with Ballistic Focusing of a Powerful Deuterium Atom Beam Injector for Plasma Heating." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 84, no. 7 (December 2021): 1285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778821070012.

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35

Amirov, V. Kh, A. I. Gorbovskiy, V. I. Davydenko, P. P. Deychuli, A. A. Ivanov, V. A. Kapitonov, V. V. Mishagin, A. V. Sorokin, and I. V. Shikhovtsev. "ION-OPTICAL SYSTEM WITH BALLISTIC FOCUSING OF A POWERFUL DEUTERIUM ATOM BEAM INJECTOR FOR PLASMA HEATING." Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, Ser. Thermonuclear Fusion 43, no. 3 (2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21517/0202-3822-2020-43-3-111-117.

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36

Kutuzov, D. S., and I. V. Moskalenko. "Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of the Noble-Gas Atom and Ion Densities in a Mirror System." Plasma Physics Reports 45, no. 7 (July 2019): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x19070079.

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37

Toepfer, A., H. J. Ludde, B. Jacob, and R. M. Dreizler. "Many-electron aspects in ion-atom collisions: 2p-2s vacancy transfer in the Ne++Ne system." Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 18, no. 10 (May 28, 1985): 1969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/18/10/014.

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38

Isobe, Ryuichi, Ryuichi Higuchi, and Tetsuya Komori. "Negative-ion fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry of native gangliosides using a high-polar matrix system." Carbohydrate Research 233 (September 1992): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90935-2.

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39

Winkler, Philipp, Johannes Zeininger, Maximilian Raab, Günther Rupprechter, and Yuri Suchorski. "A novel wireless sample temperature control system for field ion, field electron, and atom probe techniques." Review of Scientific Instruments 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 013705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5126185.

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40

Jani, G. R., K. B. Vyas, and Zudas Franco. "Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of s-Triazine Hydrazones of 7-Hydroxy Coumarin and Their Metal Complexes." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 4 (2009): 1228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/649654.

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Metal complexes of 7-hydroxy coumarin hydrazone ofs-triazine derivatives derived from 7-hydroxy-8-aceto-N-(4',6’-dichloro-1',3',5'-s-triazine) coumarin hydrazone and transition metals have been synthesized and screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic activity. The geometry of the complexes has been proposed. The ligand system co-ordinates with the metal ion in a bidentate manner through the nitrogen atom of hydrazone group.

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41

Bye, Cheryl A., and Alexander Scheeline. "Saha-Boltzmann Statistics for Determination of Electron Temperature and Density in Spark Discharges Using an Echelle/CCD System." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 12 (December 1993): 2022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066217.

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A custom echelle/CCD spectrometer system has been employed for equilibrium and nonequilibrium excitation measurements in the high-voltage spark discharge. By exploitation of the large spectral information bandwidth of the echelle/CCD system, multiple ionization stages of argon were observed in the spark emission spectrum. Ion-to-atom emission intensity ratios were used in a linearized form of the coupled Saha-Boltzmann equation for the determination of both electron temperature and density. Nonequilibrium conditions were considered. The dependence of argon excitation on sample matrix was also explored.

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42

Jané, E., G. Vidal, W. Dür, P. Zoller, and J. I. Cirac. "Simulation of quantum dynamics with quantum optical systems." Quantum Information and Computation 3, no. 1 (January 2003): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic3.1-2.

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We propose the use of quantum optical systems to perform universal simulation of quantum dynamics. Two specific implementations that require present technology are put forward for illustrative purposes. The first scheme consists of neutral atoms stored in optical lattices, while the second scheme consists of ions stored in an array of micro--traps. Each atom (ion) supports a two--level system, on which local unitary operations can be performed through a laser beam. A raw interaction between neighboring two--level systems is achieved by conditionally displacing the corresponding atoms (ions) Then, average Hamiltonian techniques are used to achieve evolutions in time according to a large class of Hamiltonians.

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43

Mohr, Siegfried, Gert Heller, Ulrich Timper, and Karl-Heinz Woller. "Neue Untersuchungen an Borsäureestern von Brenzcatechin und einiger Catecholamine in wäßriger Lösung und an Feststoffen / New Investigations of Boric Acid Esters of Catechole and of Some Catecholamines in Aqueous Solutions and on Solids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 308–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0306.

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The orthoborate ion [B(OH)4]⁻ in aqueous solutions between pH 5 and 12 forms stable boric acid esters with catechole and the catecholamines DOPA, α-methyldopa, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and adrenalone. The stoichiometries of the esters in solution, their dependence of pH value and concentration were evaluated by 11B NMR spectra and confirmed by Raman investigations in the catechole system. Additionally, Raman spectra and crystal structure investigations on solid crystalline esters confirm these results. The 1:1 esters show in the 11B NMR spectrum a chemical shift δ of around 8.1 ppm, the 2:1 esters of around 13.5 ppm. The Raman spectra of the catechole ester show lines at 744 cm-1, 826 cm-1, and 1011 cm-1 for the 1:1 ester as well as at 798 cm-1 and 840 cm-1 for the 2:1 ester. Besides the 1:1 and 2:1 ester, a 3:1 compound is found as a solid for catechole. Raman spectra of this compound, unstable in aqueous solution, showed a superposition of the 2:1 ester and free catechole. The crystal structure of the triethylammonium salt, which is monoclinic, space group Cc = Cs4 (No. 9) with a = 925.3(3), b = 1781.1(2), and c = 1444.4(2) pm; β = 94.22(4)°; Ζ = 4; Dc = 1.229 Mg · m-3, shows that two molecules of catechole are esterified with the orthoborate ion in the form of a spiran-like four-coordinated boron atom, while the third molecule of catechole is freely inserted into the crystal. The crystal structure of adrenaloneborate-monohydrate, which is also monoclinic, space group P21/c = C2 h5 (No. 14) with a = 942.4(4), b = 888.1(3), and c = 1337.8(3) pm; β = 96.86(5)°; Ζ = 4; Dc = 1.452 Mg-m-3, shows two condensed rings, the aromatic ring being condensed through the two phenolic O atoms with the boron atom, so building a dioxaborolane ring. The two OH-groups at the boron atom build Η-bridges with the water molecule. It may be a zwitter ion with a negative boron atom and a positive nitrogen atom.

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44

Kasatani, Hirofumi, Shoichiro Suzuki, Akira Ando, Eisuke Magome, Chikako Moriyoshi, Yoshihiro Kuroiwa, and Kiyoshi Deguchi. "Structural Study of Ferroelectric Phase Transition of Sn-doped SrTiO3." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099380.

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Recently, ferroelectricity was discovered in Sn-doped SrTiO3 (abbreviated by SSTO), in which Sr-atom was substituted by a few percent Sn-atom[1]. The ferroelctricity of SSTO was confirmed by means of the appearance of the dielectric anomaly, that reached several thousands and the clear D-E hysteresis loop in low temperature phase. In order to clarify the mechanism of ferroelectric phase transition of SSTO from the viewpoint of the crystal structure, we investigated the average crystal structure and the local structure around the substitutional Sn-atom of SSTO10 (10% Sn concentration, ferroelectric phase transition temperature 180K) by means of synchrotron-radiation powder X-ray diffraction and transmission XAFS spectrum of Sn:K-edge, respectively. From the results of MEM/Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data, it was obtained that crystal structure of paraelectric phase of SSTO10 was cubic perovskite structure with the disorder state of Sn-atom. In ferroelectric phase, the crystal system was tetragonal, which was similar in structure to tetragonal ferroelectric structure of BaTiO3, and Sn-atom was order state. XAFS study revealed that the valence of Sn-ion was +2 charge and the local structure of Sn-atom was seemed as being the self-insistent state of SnO crystal structure. However, strangely, the coordination number of the nearest neighbor atom, that is O-atom, was 2 instead of 4. This is a mystery result and we have been analyzing. We have considered that the ferroelectricity of SSTO is induced by the distortion around the subsitituional Sn-atom. At the meeting, we are planning to discuss the precise crystal structure and the mechanism of the ferroelectric phase transition of SSTO.

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45

Laoutaris, A., I. Madesis, A. Dimitriou, A. Lagoyannis, M. Axiotis, M. Andrianis, E. P. Benis, Bela Sulik, and T. J. M. Zouros. "Installation of a gas terminal stripper and a gas/foil post stripper system at the 5.5 MV Demokritos Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator." HNPS Proceedings 24 (April 1, 2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1879.

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A gas stripper system has been installed inside the terminal of the Demokritos TANDEM accelerator, in addition to the existing foil stripper system, while two additional post strippers (one gas and one foil) were also installed in the beam line between the analyzing and switching magnets of the accelerator. These installations were necessary for the production of He-like ion beams used in the APAPES‡ project for the investigation of electron capture phenomena in ion-atom collisions using high resolution zero-degree Auger projectile electron spectroscopy in a dedicated experimental setup already in operation since two years. Older measurements have shown that for He-like ion beams foil stripping results in the production of a mixed-state beam (1s2, 1s2s 3S), while gas stripping in the terminal can produce an almost pure ground-state (1s2) beam. Thus, using both strippers, collision measurements will allow for the selective determination of state-selective capture contributions from either the metastable- (1s2s 3S) or the ground-state of the ion by judicious analysis of both associated projectile K-Auger electron spectra. In addition, post-stripping will allow us to obtain ion charge states whose production is not possible with only one stage of stripping.

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46

Guissani, M., and V. Sidis. "The JelliumAtom quasimolecular model for the investigation of charge transfer in alkali-cluster-ion/alkali-atom interactions: the $\rm Na_{19}^{+}$ /Na system." Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 40, no. 1-4 (May 1, 1997): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004600050198.

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47

Tan, Guoyu, Jiaxin Zheng, and Feng Pan. "Molecular dynamics study on the microstructure of CH3COOLi solutions with different concentrations." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 04 (August 2018): 1850075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500753.

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Due to the toxic and flammable problems of organic electrolytes, the study on concentrated aqueous system for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted wide attention. In this paper, by molecular dynamics simulations, the CH3COOLi aqueous system is considered as the potential concentrated aqueous system for LIBs, and all the variations of the microstructure of the aqueous system from dilution to concentration are analyzed. The details of microstructure are discussed, especially the interactions concerning anions. Among them, the first peak of RDF (radial distribution function) between the Li[Formula: see text] ion and the oxygen atom in CH3COOLi is 2.9[Formula: see text]Å, which does not change from dilution to concentration. This RDF information further indicates that when the concentration increases, the microstructures of small components formed by any two clusters do not change much, but at the same time, the spatial structures constructed by many small components are gradually built up from a broader perspective.

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48

Mudi, Prafullya Kumar, Chanchal Kumar Pal, and Bhaskar Biswas. "Synthesis, supramolecular architecture and fluorescence property of a mixed ligand 1D Pb(II) coordination polymer." European Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.10.2.125-130.1849.

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A one dimensional (1D) lead(II) coordination polymer, [Pb(Phen)(NO3)(OAC)(H2O)]n (1) (Phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline; OAc = Acetate) was isolated in crystalline phase and characterized through different analytical techniques. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis of compound 1 revealed that the Pb(II) polymer crystallized in a monoclinic system with P21/c space group. Pb2+ ion adopted a highly distorted octahedral geometry having O3 (water) and O5 (nitrate) at axial positions (∠O3-Pb1-O5 of 145.02°) and acetate oxygen (O4), phenanthroine nitrogens (N3, N4) and oxygen (O2) atom from bridging nitrate made a distorted square plane. This Pb(II) polymer exhibited good fluorescence property in solid state. The steric arrangement of distorted square plane around Pb(II) ion by Phen, acetate and bridging nitrate ion makes a huge gap around Pb(II) ion where a stereo-active lone pair of electrons may possibly be occupied.

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49

Liu, Ting, Rong-Gui Yang, and Guo-Qing Zhong. "Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Erbium(III) Complex Containing Antimony." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4313197.

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The novel 3D edta-linked heterometallic complex [Sb2Er(edta)2(H2O)4]NO3·4H2O (H4edta = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group Pm. In the complex, each erbium(III) ion is connected with antimony(III) ions bridging by four carboxylic oxygen atoms, and in each [Sb(edta)]− anion, the antimony(III) ion is hexacoordinated by two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms from the edta4− ions, together with a lone electron pair at the equatorial position. The erbium(III) ion is octacoordinated by four oxygen atoms from four different edta4− ions and four oxygen atoms from the coordinated water molecules. The carboxylate bridges between antimony and erbium atoms form a planar array, parallel to the (1 0 0) plane. There is an obvious weak interaction between antimony atom and oxygen atom of the carboxyl group from the adjacent layer. The degradation of the complex proceeds in several steps and the water molecules and ligands are successively emitted, and the residues of the thermal decomposition are antimonous oxide and erbium(III) oxide. The complex was evaluated for its antimicrobial activities by agar diffusion method, and it has good activities against the test bacterial organisms.

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50

Li, Guozhuang, Sheng Zhang, Zhihong Jiao, Qiang Yan, and Xinxia Li. "Collisions of proton or highly charged ion–atom in a strong magnetic field and dense quantum plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 9 (September 2022): 092701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090775.

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Magneto inertial fusion driven by heavy ions beam (HIB) is a very attractive potential approach for the nuclear energy system. One of the key issues is to investigate the interaction process of the HIB-target considering the condition of plasma screening and strong magnetic field background. In this paper, the influence of the external magnetic field and the plasma screening was investigated by simplifying the process of beam bombarding into a two-body collision between the energetic ions and target atoms. The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method was accommodated by modifying the Hamiltonian in the collision system, where the effects of plasma screening and the account for the strong magnetic field background were considered. The total cross sections of single electron ionization and charge transfer of the projectile (H+, He2+, Xe32+, Bi31+, U34+)–atom (H, He) collisions are computed. The results indicated that the magnetic field effect becomes more obvious in the low energy regime of the projectiles. With the increase in energy, the change of total cross sections and angular differential cross sections gradually disappears. In the dense quantum plasmas, plasma screening presents very different effects for protons and heavy ion projectiles. This work may pave the way for extending the study to other collision systems calculations.

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