Дисертації з теми "Atmospheric pollution and air quality"
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Assimakopoulos, Vasiliki. "Numerical modelling of dispersion of atmospheric pollution in and above urban canopies." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8046.
Повний текст джерелаGrodzinsky, Gil. "Atmospheric organic nitrate photochemistry of the Southeastern United States." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26229.
Повний текст джерелаMaxwell-Meier, Kari Lynn. "Urban Impacts On Atmospheric Chemistry: Surface Ozone in Large Versus Small Urban Centers and Urban Pollution in Asian Dust Storms." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08012006-093354/.
Повний текст джерелаRodney J. Weber, Committee Chair ; Michael E. Chang, Committee Member ; Judith A. Curry, Committee Member ; Ellery Ingall, Committee Member ; Michael H. Bergin, Committee Member.
Al-Kandari, Mariam Hussain Murad. "Evaluation of the effect of air pollution on human health in Kuwait." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1994. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1620626/.
Повний текст джерелаValverde, Morales Victor. "Characterization of atmospheric pollution dynamics in Spain by means of air quality modelling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393945.
Повний текст джерелаLa contaminación atmosférica genera perjuicios en la salud humana, en los intereses económicos de la sociedad y constituye una amenaza para los ecosistemas y el clima de la Tierra. Avanzar en la comprensión de la dinámica de la contaminación facilita el diseño de estrategias de calidad del aire que reduzcan sus impactos. Esta Tesis Doctoral identifica objetivamente patrones típicos de circulación atmosférica (PT) que afectan a la Península Ibérica (PI) a escala sinóptica para explicar la dinámica de los principales contaminantes gaseosos en España (dióxido de nitrógeno NO2, dióxido de azufre SO2 y ozono O3) mediante modelización de la calidad del aire. Las clasificaciones sinópticas (CS) discretizan el continuo de la circulación atmosférica en un catálogo de PT. Para el período climático 1983-2012, se establece una CS útil para el estudio de la dinámica de la contaminación atmosférica en la PI. Tests de sensibilidad para técnicas automáticas de clasificación (análisis de componentes principales, de correlación y clustering) y para otros factores que afectan a la CS (resolución temporal y espacial, tamaño del dominio, etc.) objetivizan la elección de la configuración que maximiza su calidad. Los seis PT identificados - descritos en términos de frecuencia, persistencia, transiciones y ubicación de los sistemas de presión - son consistentes con la literatura. La evaluación de la estabilidad temporal de la clasificación, mediante un proceso de validación cruzada que compara los PT climáticos con PT identificados en CS anuales, permite identificar un año representativo (2012). Un día representativo de cada PT es elegido gracias a un algoritmo que minimiza las diferencias de la malla de presiones diaria respecto de la del PT promedio. El estudio de la dinámica de NO2, SO2 y O3 se realiza en el día representativo de cada PT focalizando en las principales áreas urbanas de España (Madrid y Barcelona) y en importantes áreas industriales y/o de generación eléctrica (Asturias, bahía de Algeciras). El sistema de CALIdad del aire OPeracional para España (CALIOPE) que proporciona datos de alta resolución sobre emisiones, meteorología y concentración de contaminantes es la principal herramienta utilizada en el estudio. CALIOPE permite cuantificar la contribución de determinadas fuentes de emisión, centrales térmicas de carbón y transporte rodado, mediante un enfoque de fuerza bruta y de asignación de fuentes, respectivamente. Los PT controlan el transporte de SO2/NO2/O3 en áreas atlánticas y continentales de España mientras que en zonas costeras mediterráneas y/o de topografía compleja, una combinación de procesos sinópticos y de mesoescala (brisas marinas y de valle) explica los patrones de contaminación. La contribución de SO2 y NO2 de las centrales térmicas a la concentración en superficie (hasta 55 µg m-3 y 32 µg m-3, respectivamente) se produce principalmente cerca de la fuente (<20 km) por difusión vertical de la emisión cuando ésta se inyecta en la capa límite planetaria. Sin embargo, los penachos de SO2/NO2 pueden alcanzar distancias superiores a los 250 km. La contribución máxima diaria de O3 atribuido a emisiones del transporte rodado de Madrid y Barcelona alcanza el 24% y el 8%, respectivamente pero es particularmente significativa (hasta 80-100 µg m-3 en una hora) a mediodía durante el pico de concentración de O3. El transporte a larga distancia de O3 hacia la PI es controlado por los PT y su contribución es muy importante en el área de influencia de Madrid y Barcelona, en particular bajo los PT fríos (70-96%). Esta Tesis Doctoral ha demostrado que CALIOPE es (1) útil para caracterizar la dinámica 3-D de contaminantes primarios y secundarios en España bajo diferentes PT; (2) capaz de atribuir y cuantificar la contaminación a sus fuentes a través de fuerza bruta y atribución de fuentes; y (3) potencialmente útil en el diseño de estrategias de mitigación específicas que minimicen los impactos de la contaminación atmosférica.
Liu, Yuan. "Development of a tool to estimate the atmospheric emissions with high spatial and temporal resolution over the Macau SAR." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3868750.
Повний текст джерелаLai, Kwong-kei Murphy. "Two-dimensional computational study on indoor/outdoor air quality relationship in urban buildings." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38725149.
Повний текст джерелаSyarif, Laode Muhamad. "The implementation of international responsibilities for atmospheric pollution : comparison between Indonesia and Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаAl-Abri, Eman S. "Modelling atmospheric ozone concentration using machine learning algorithms." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25091.
Повний текст джерелаLai, Kwong-kei Murphy, and 賴廣麒. "Two-dimensional computational study on indoor/outdoor air quality relationship in urban buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38725149.
Повний текст джерелаCruvinel, Brandao Fonseca Marinho Rayssa. "Atmospheric Pollutant Levels in Southeast Brazil During COVID-19 Lockdown: Combined Satellite and Ground-based Data Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102026.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
This study aims to explore satellite data applied to the lockdown context resultant from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Satellite data usage in air quality management is yet to be explored to its full potential. Two highly populated states were chosen: Sao Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Local governments have been imposing limitations on private and public vehicle circulation, inducing a decrease in atmospheric pollutant levels, specifically nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is directly emitted to the air by fuel combustion. NO2 is also short-lived in the atmosphere, so its variation within days can be easily captured. PM2.5, a category of fine inhalable particles, can be produced by wildfires, in addition to fuel burning and mechanical processes such as resuspension by cars. Here we retrieved daily NO2 vertical column densities for the month of May within the 2015-2020 years from the OMI instrument onboard of NASA's Aura satellite. Ground daily NO2 and PM2.5 measurements were also collected from local environmental agencies. Results showed an average 42% decrease of the NO2 column values in SP in 2020 compared to 2015-2019. The decrease was 49.6% in RJ for the same timeframe. Correspondent surface data showed a decrease of 13.3% (p-value = 0.099) and 18.8% (p-value = 0.077) during 2020 compared to 2019 in SP and RJ stations, respectively. No significant divergence in PM2.5 values was found between 2019 and 2020. Finally, weather data was added to the pollutant analysis. PM2.5 concentrations were associated with wildfires, while the NO2 levels found in 2020 for SP and RJ were attributed to local lockdown decrees. Satellite retrievals showed significant potential in filling out ground datasets, correlating with the SP and RJ surface data in 77% and 53%, respectively.
Weber, Eric E. Lupo Anthony R. "Classification of air pollution regimes in the Missouri region." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6483.
Повний текст джерелаNapelenok, Sergey L. "Sensitivity Analysis in Air Quality Models for Particulate Matter." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14083.
Повний текст джерелаKreuger, Jenny. "Pesticides in the environment : atmospheric deposition and transport to surface waters /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5485-9.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Xiaoting. "Developing a scientific basis for utilisation of low-cost sensing technologies towards quantitative assessments of air pollution and its sources." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212115/1/Xiaoting_Liu_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFinch, Douglas Peter. "The impact of boreal biomass burning on North American air quality." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29536.
Повний текст джерелаAlston, Erica J. "Aerosol characterization in the Southeastern U. S. using satellite data for applications to air quality and climate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43589.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Nairui. "Novel applications of modelling techniques to understand and predict global urban air quality trends." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208434/1/Nairui_Liu_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHuang, Min. "A multi-scale modeling study of the impacts of transported pollutants and local emissions on summertime western US air quality." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2898.
Повний текст джерелаBoubrima, Ahmed. "Deployment and scheduling of wireless sensor networks for air pollution monitoring." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI018.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used in environmental applications where the aim is to sense a physical phenomenon such as temperature, humidity, air pollution, etc. In this context of application, the use of WSN allows to understand the variations of the phenomenon over the monitoring region and therefore be able to take adequate decisions regarding the impact of the phenomenon. Due to the limitations of its traditional costly monitoring methods in addition to its high spatial and temporal variability, air pollution is considered as one of the main physical phenomena that still need to be studied and characterized. In this thesis, we consider three main applications regarding the use of WSN for air pollution monitoring: 1) the construction of real time air quality maps using sensor measurements; 2) the detection of pollution threshold crossings; and 3) the correction of physical models that simulate the pollution dispersion phenomenon. All these applications need careful deployment and scheduling of sensors in order to get a better knowledge of air pollution while ensuring a minimal deployment cost and a maximal lifetime of the deployed sensor network. Our aim is to tackle the problems of WSN deployment and scheduling while considering the specific characteristics of the air pollution phenomenon. We propose for each application case a new efficient approach for the deployment of sensor and sink nodes. We also propose a WSN scheduling approach that is adapted to the case of physical models’ correction. Our optimization approaches take into account the physical nature of air pollution dispersion and incorporate real data provided by the existing pollution sensing platforms. As part of each approach, we use integer linear programming to derive optimization models that are well adapted to solving small and medium instances. To deal with large instances, we propose heuristic algorithms while using linear relaxation techniques. Besides our theoretical works on air pollution monitoring, we design from scratch and deploy in the Lyon city a cost-effective energy-efficient air pollution sensor network. Based on the characteristics of our monitoring system in addition to real world air pollution datasets, we evaluate the effectiveness of our deployment and scheduling approaches and provide engineering insights for the design of WSN-based air pollution monitoring systems. Among our conclusions, we highlight the fact that the size of the optimal sensor network depends on the degree of the variations of pollution concentrations within the monitoring region
Ngagine, Soulemane Halif. "Chemical heterogeneity of atmospheric particles in urbanized and industrialized environments during pollution events." Thesis, Littoral, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022DUNK0617.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at improving our knowledge of the near and distant sources controlling the exceedance of the regulatory thresholds of air quality, as detected by the air quality monitoring networks, at the strongly industrialized and urban site of Great Dunkirk Area (GDA). This appreciation is notably based on the calculation of a mixing state index of the particles, taking into account the heterogeneity of their elementary composition, this one being related to their residence time in the atmosphere and the distance between the sources and the studied receptor site. To do that, it was firstly necessary to develop a time resolved cascade impactor with high temporal resolution, named "TRAPS", which answered the need to follow the rapid changes observed within the atmospheric particles during pollution episodes. Coupled with a particle size analyser and after individual analysis of the collected particles by electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), TRAPS allows to report the physicochemical evolution of atmospheric particles over time. In the first part of this thesis, laboratory experiments and a field campaign allowed to validate our prototype, to report the dynamics of particle deposition on the impaction stages and to verify the cut-off diameters of the coarse and fine stages of TRAPS, determined respectively at 1.32µm and 0.13µm. A statistical study of PM₁₀ pollution episodes occuring over the GDA was then carried out over 3 years, between 2018 and 2020. It allowed us to identify 12 main types of episodes based on their spatial extent, but also on the local conditions of pollutant dispersion. We were able to identify local episodes and regional episodes observed, either in stationary or dispersive atmospheric conditions. While 78% of the PM₁₀ exceedance days correspond to local episodes, the remaining 22% correspond to pollution plumes with at least a regional extent, with an equal proportion of exceedance days in dispersion and stationary conditions. Except for very localized episodes, a detailed study of these pollutions episodes shows the systematic presence of a period of pollutant accumulation, of about 10 hours, characterized by an important contribution of fine particles (PM₂.₅) except for episodes of limited spatial coverage. The last part of this work consisted in the study of the composition and mixing state of the individual particles collected during pollution events in the GDA in 2021. The campaign allowed the sampling and characterization of 5 pollution episodes, during which TRAPS was deployed in parallel with other instruments providing complementary information on aerosol granulometry, or atmospheric dynamics. Nearly 28000 individual particles were characterized by SEM-EDX. With more than 90% of the samples associated with values of the mixing state index higher than 0.5, it can be said that the particles collected in the GDA during pollution episodes are in general of very heterogeneous composition at the particle scale (internal mixing). Nevertheless, the results show an influence of the local or transported origin of the particles on their chemical composition, but also on the mixing state index. An increasing evolution of this index with the particles residence time during these events is observed
Diaz, Gerardo Jr. "Analysis of 2017 Multi-Agency Field Campaign Data for Wintertime Surface Pollution in the Cache Valley of Utah." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3112.
Повний текст джерелаAvenas, Arthur. "Qualitative analysis of a regional public policy for air quality : A case study of Normandie, France." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292693.
Повний текст джерелаLuftkvaliteten visar den antropogena nedbrytningen av det naturliga tillståndet för luft. Detta ämne har spelat en allt viktigare roll i den offentliga debatten under de senaste decennierna, på grund av de olika effekterna som luftföroreningar har på hälsan. I denna masteruppsats har Normandies politik för luftkvalitet analyserats. I Frankrike regleras nationell luftkvalitetspolitik i regional skala genom lagstiftningsdokument som kallas Atmosphere Protection Plan (PPA). Analysen av detta dokument gör det möjligt att bedöma den regionala luftkvalitetspolitiken. Således har hela studien baserats på analysen av Normandies PPA. Här har Normandies PPA analyserats genom litteraturöversikt, arbetsmöten och kvalitativa intervjuer. Först och främst belyste litteraturöversikten att Normandies PPA måste ta hänsyn till ett komplext lagstiftningsekosystem, allt från internationell till lokal skala. I synnerhet är Normandies PPA-huvudmål att uppnå de tröskelvärden som definieras av de europeiska direktiven. I ett andra steg tillät en granskning av PPA från sex franska regioner att jämföra Normandies luftkvalitetspolitik med andra regioners politik. Under denna fas har såväl strukturer dokumenterats som de presenterade åtgärderna utvärderats med avseende på strukturerna och åtgärderna för de andra PPA. I synnerhet har återkommande kategorier och underavsnitt identifierats i de sex PPA. Dessutom tycktes motiveringen av applikationomkrets vara central, liksom de riktade atmosfäriska föroreningarna. På samma sätt tillät jämförelsen av åtgärderna för de sex PPA att identifiera de relevanta och banbrytande åtgärderna i Normandies PPA, som tillhör hamnsektorn och de sektorsövergripande åtgärderna. Omvänt verkade åtgärderna av Normandies PPA vara otillfredsställande inom industri- och transportsektorn. En mer fördjupad analys genomfördes genom arbetsmöten och kvalitativa intervjuer. Flera frågor har bedömts, till exempel applikationomkrets och PPAs struktur. I synnerhet har man dragit slutsatsen att minskningen av applikationomkretsen som Normandie avsåg var relevant och förhindrade PPAs komplikationer. Dessutom påpekade deltagarna att om Normandies PPA-struktur var ganska tydlig, saknades fortfarande viktiga underavsnitt i Normandies PPA och de bör läggas till. Arbetsmötena liksom de kvalitativa intervjuerna gjorde det också möjligt att ta upp frågan om de riktade föroreningarna och deras källor. Alla deltagare och intervjuade gick med på att rikta in NO2, PM10 och PM2.5 i Normandies PPA. Integrationen av SO2 och O3 har dock diskuterats mer, den första har endast släppts ut i skadlig mängd under industriella olyckor, och den andra var för svår att hantera eftersom den är en sekundär förorening. När det gäller utsläppskällorna visade studien att en hög atmosfärisk koncentration av NO2 främst berodde på vägtrafik. Utsläppskällorna PM10 och PM2.5 identifierades som mer varierade och flersektoriella. Slutligen tillät de kvalitativa intervjuerna att avgöra vilka åtgärder av Normandies PPA som har slutförts eller inte, och att identifiera varför. Åtgärder inom jordbrukssektorn nämndes som de mest avancerade åtgärderna i Normandies PPA. Omvänt har två åtgärder övergivits helt, en inom hamnsektorn, den andra inom transportsektorn. Några skäl som förklarade varför alla åtgärder inte har genomförts var bristen på ekonomiska resurser, bristen på projektledare och bristen på teknisk expertis. Mer allmänt verkar det vara avgörande att involvera de olika intressenterna från varje utsläppssektor och sätta dem runt ett bord för att skapa effektiva åtgärder till förmån för luftkvaliteten.
Campbell, Steven John. "Novel methods to characterise atmospherically relevant organic radicals and reactive oxygen species." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274099.
Повний текст джерелаSouza, Edmilson de. "Inventário de emissões atmosféricas e avaliação de condicionantes meteorológicas: estudo de caso de Três Lagoas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18147/tde-13012011-154040/.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 1930\'s, several studies have strongly increased the knowledge about the Earth atmosphere. Indeed, in the last thirty years, due to intense scientific and technologic improvements a real progress happened in this area; including the effects of air pollution. However, the effects of air pollution, mainly around urban zones, still require a better understanding. In Brazil, large metropolitan areas like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro already have a good deal of research on their local atmosphere; they are among the regions where air quality is better monitored in country. On other places, like brazilian mid-west, such studies are modest or inexistent. Due to factors as geographical and economical, some regions of the country as the city of Três Lagoas (20 \'GRAUS\' 47\' S, 51 \'GRAUS\' 42\' W), east of Mato Grosso do Sul state, undergone strong transformations in the last ten years. Potential sources of air pollutants and/or its precursors began to show up, brought by the installation of new industries (including a 240MW power-plant), increase of the vehicle fleet, extensive conifer plantation for industrial use (biogenic hydrocarbons), a large hydropower reservoir (methane) and the seasonal occurrence of vegetation burning. The research results were organized on atmospheric emissions inventories. It was also analyzed the pollutants concentrations and meteorological parameters. Among the emissions sources, the vehicle fleet turned to be the major source. It is responsable for 97% of carbon monoxide and 53% of nitrogen oxides of the total mass of pollutants released into local atmosphere. Concerning to the pollutants gases monitored, the mean concentrations, in the analyzed period (2005 and 2006), was measured in ppbv: \'O IND.3\' = 25 \'+ OU -\' 14,4, NOx = 9,4 \'+ OU -\' 6,6 e \'CO\' = 166,5 \'+ OU -\' 49,8. Statistical correlation between meteorological parameters and the pollutants concentration was also confirmed by others research results. The ozone, during September/2005, showed strong linear correlation with temperature (0,76) and moderate to solar radiation (0,58). The transport analyze of biogenic hidrocarbon (eucalyptus forest) and NOx (thermopower plant) plume points to a supporting role of this sources. Indeed, the results proved that the air quality levels of Três Lagoas city is in accordance with the current country legislation.
Acosta, Navarro Juan Camilo. "Anthropogenic influence on climate through changes in aerosol emissions from air pollution and land use change." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-137077.
Повний текст джерелаArasa, Agudo Raúl. "Modelització i simulació fotoquímica mesoscalar del transport del material particulat i gasos a l’atmosfera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83297.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the last decades the amount of gaseous and particulate pollutants that have been injected into the atmosphere has increased significantly. Evidence of this information is the high concentration of NO2 and aerosols that are usually measured in urban and industrial areas, or high concentrations of ozone in many rural areas. Parallel to this increase in concentration of pollutants, has been enhanced significantly the sensibility and management to the air quality. Thus it is necessary now in developed countries have the tools to control, management and evaluation of air pollution. In this way, the modelling of air quality is absolutely necessary to know the levels of gases and aerosols in areas where there are not measurement stations, and also to combat high levels of these pollutants. The photochemical models are tools of environmental management and forecasting that in recent years have been refined to provide quite accurate results. We need to adapt the models to each area by adjusting parameters and the study of characteristics of pollution episodes. For this reason, this doctoral thesis describes research and development of a air quality modelling system. We have been used as a starting point the previous work and we describe the coupling of different models. The models are adapted to the area of interest by setting different parameters and are used in a dependent relationship between them. The statistical evaluation of the forecasting system is used as a way to locate uncertain and further refinement of the model. This process of engagement and implementing the system for long periods of time, validation of results, location of uncertainties and sensitivity analysis is an ongoing, cyclical during the doctoral research.
Thomason, Krista A. "Trends Analysis and a Yearly Comparison of Point Sources of Atmospheric Mercury Using HYSPLIT Back Trajectories Focused in Athens, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1557161272706908.
Повний текст джерелаBrines, Pérez Mariola. "From ultrafine to coarse particles: variability and source apportionment of atmospheric aerosol levels in the urban Mediterranean climate." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384537.
Повний текст джерелаLa contaminació atmosfèrica en ambients urbans és motiu de preocupació pel seu impacte en el medi ambient i en la salut de la població. Les fonts d'emissió d'aerosols atmosfèrics i la seva evolució a l'atmosfera depenen de factors geogràfics així com de les condicions climàtiques i meteorològiques de l'àrea d'estudi. A la conca Mediterrània Occidental, i a la ciutat de Barcelona en particular, el clima càlid, l'escassa precipitació, l'alta densitat de població i determinats factors geogràfics que poden dificultar la dispersió dels contaminants i influenciar molt marcadament els nivells i composició dels aerosols. En aquest context es va desenvolupar la campanya intensiva SAPUSS (Solving Aerosol Problems by Using Synergistic Strategies) a Barcelona a l'octubre de 2010, que consistia en mesures simultànies d'aerosols a diversos llocs de la ciutat, amb l'objectiu d'estudiar la variabilitat espacial i temporal dels aerosols. L'estudi dels nivells d'aerosols en funció de la mida de les partícules a 4 ciutats més amb un clima d'alta insolació similar al de Barcelona (Madrid, Brisbane, Roma i Los Angeles) ha permès avaluar les fonts que afecten a la variabilitat de partícules ultrafines en aquests ambients urbans. En particular s'han estudiat les característiques dels episodis de nucleació urbans (formació de noves partícules), així com la seva freqüència. També s'han caracteritzat les principals fonts d'aerosols de diàmetre inferior a 1µm i 10 iim (PM1 i PM10, respectivament) en diverses ambients urbans de Barcelona durant SAPUSS. Això ha permès estudiar la variabilitat a nivells horitzontal i vertical dins l'atmosfera urbana. L'estudi de les fonts que afecten els aerosols de l' àrea urbana de Barcelona i ambients similars en funció de la seua mida (des de les ultrafines fins a les grolleres) ha permès identificar les principals fonts que afecten a cada fracció en particular i als aerosols en general i per tant proposar mesures aplicables per a l'avaluació i millora de la qualitat de l'aire.
Ferrari, Christophe. "Mise en évidence de composés organiques volatils provenant de la combustion d'un biocarburant, le diester : mesure des constantes de photodégradation de composés spécifiques émis." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10195.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Moacir Ferreira da. "Reatividade fotoquímica da atmosfera de Cubatão e a influência de fontes exógenas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-02042013-111100/.
Повний текст джерелаObjective. Demonstrate that critical episode occurrences of air pollution are influenced by external input of pollutants that participate in the processes of atmospheric photochemical reagent formation and removal. Methods. The study involved meteorological data collection and processing of pollutant concentration data gathered by the air quality monitoring network. Campaigns of passive sampling of O and active sampling of VOCs, aldehydes and ethanol in the atmosphere of the region were also performed. The O 3 sampling was conducted with the Ogawa ® type samplers and the concentrations were determined by ion chromatography with electrical conductivity detector. VOCs sampling was performed using steel tubes containing Tenax GR adsorbent, and quantification was done by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Aldehyde sampling was performed with silica gel cartridges coated with 2,4 DNPH and quantification done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detector (UV / VIS). Ethanol sampling was performed with florisil coated cartridges and quantification by flame ionization detector. The transport of air masses was analyzed based on Backward trajectories calculated by the model STILT. Interpretation of the data was performed using descriptive statistics, boxplots, correlation analysis and multivariate analysis (clusters). Results. Most episodes of Ozone exceeding Air Quality Standards occurred in the summer, between 15h and 16h, with prevailing winds from S / SE and with velocities greater than 2.5 ms -1 , typical of day periods (sea breeze). Major ozone precursor organic species are: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, toluene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, m-xylene, ethanol, xylene, ethylbenzene, 1,3,5trimethylbenzene and benzene. The retro trajectory of air masses arriving at Cubatão-Center proved the influence of exogenous emissions. Results in the mesoscale circulation given by model simulation by BRAMS, agree with the results obtained by JAESCHKE (1997), showing that only a portion of the average concentration of pollutants Cubatão-Centro was due to local sources, with the rest resulting from the transport of masses, with the occurrence of high concentrations of pollutants resulting when flow directions are from NW (land breeze) and SE (sea breeze).
Siqueira, Ligia Cristina Gonçalves de. "Avaliação do impacto das emissões de metais geradas no coprocessamento de resíduos em fábricas de cimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-10092008-144735/.
Повний текст джерелаObjective. Develop a procedure to estimate metal emissions into the atmosphere, resulting from cement mill coprocessing, in order to evaluate their impact in the atmosphere. Methodology. Clinker production process types, and metal origin in the system were researched. Process material input, and output flow metal contents were determined by collecting, and analyzing samples obtained from them. With these data we calculated a mass balance to obtain each element\'s distribution (%), based on metal retention of each flow. Thus, each element\'s emission estimate was achieved, to be compared with emission standards. The estimated emissions, together with meteorological, and topographical data, applied to a model of atmospheric dispersion, permitted the forecasting of metal concentrations in the atmosphere, to asses their impacts. A case study with secondary data was performed to apply the proposed methodology. Results. For some metals, the estimated emissions would not comply with limits established in state, or federal legislation. Applying the dispersion model, we observed that some metals exceeded their reference atmospheric concentration in the atmosphere. Conclusion. The proposed procedure was valid to estimate emissions, and to asses metal concentration impact in the atmosphere. For a better analysis of the results, we recommend the development of Air Quality Standards for metals, appropriate to Brazilian reality, or of procedures to analyze atmospheric risk in the case of toxic metals. The results of the impact are valid in the case study conditions, and need to be checked case by case.
Fraigneau, Yann. "Etudes numériques de l'évolution diurne de l'ozone dans la région d'une agglomération." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES063.
Повний текст джерелаFujii, Reinaldo Keiji. "Avaliação da qualidade do ar em duas estações do metrô de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-15092011-112332/.
Повний текст джерелаObjective. Compare the air quality outdoors with the indoors environment at Clínicas and Praça da Sé Stations of the São Paulo Subway, measuring the quantity and quality of the existing microbiological and atmospheric contaminants. The purpose of this study is to promote the knowledge of factors related to the air quality and the health and hygiene conditions in these places, contributing to the improvement of the quality of life of employees and users of the system. Methods. The samples were taken from July to November 2005. The fungi were taken by one-stage Andersen impactor with aspiration volume of 28 l/min for a period of 10 minutes per sample, making use of Agar Sabouraud Dextrose at 4 per cent for the culture. The quantification and identification are done by the analysis of slides with the microbiological material in an optical microscope, colored with lactofenol blue. For the nitrogen dioxide, a passive diffuser was used with triethanolamine as absorbing substance and the analysis was done by spectrophotometry, the passive diffuser used to evaluate the concentration of benzene is the membrane type with activated carbon as absorbing substance making use of gas chromatography analysis. The exposure period for these samplers was 30 days. The PM10 was measured with a continuous monitor, with direct reading. This equipment uses fibreoptic sensors for the identification of the size and concentration of the particles which are sucked by a diaphragm pump, passing through a measuring chamber which also measures the temperature and the air humidity. Two pieces of this equipment were installed in each station for a period of seven days. Results. The studies indicate the presence of ordinary fungi with the prevalence of Cladosporium sp (52 per cent ), Alternaria sp (17 per cent ) and Penicillium sp (13 per cent ) in similar proportions both indoors and outdoors. The indoor average concentration of NO2 was 69,5g/m³. These values are similar to the outdoor x results obtained with the equipment for Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and the values measured by CETESB control station, located at FSP/USP. The values found for benzene ranged from 3,8 to 6,2g/m³, indicating an average of 5,0g/m³. The PM10 indicated high values with an average, at Clínicas Station, of 312,4 g/m³ measured in the platform and 243,9 g/m³ in the mezzanine. At Praça da Sé Station the concentration on the platforms was 150,9 g/m³ for line 1 and 124,2 g/m³ for line 3. Conclusions. The present study permitted the assessment and comparison of the environmental pollution levels inside and outside the stations. The verification of the predominance of common fungi in the air doesn\'t indicate the absence of risks for the human health, because it impact depends on the exposed individuals\' susceptibility. The concentration of NO2 and benzene found in the internal and external atmosphere are of same order of greatness, what indicates that these pollutants have the same origin source. The high concentration of PM10 represents a larger concern. This pollutant it should be evaluated the composition of the found material and his toxicity degree
Oyama, Beatriz Sayuri. "Identificação de fontes de partículas finas na atmosfera urbana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-22072013-104205/.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral studies have been developed in order to describe the gaseous phase of atmospheric constituents in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo (RMSP). However, the aerosol description remains simplified in chemical models, despite the knowledge acquired in its characterization and composition analyses. Facing these limitations, the objective of this work is to identify the main emission sources of fine particulate matter, specially the vehicular ones that present a lot of difficulties due to the fact that the characteristic trace elements are unknown for these sources. It was used in this work 201 samples collected in 24-hour period each at Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, a large and busy avenue in the city of São Paulo, from June 2007 to August 2008. The source identification was accomplished considering the samples composition and using receptor models: Factor Analysis (FA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) techniques. PMF was a new statistical tool in the study of particulates in the city of São Paulo. The number of sources identified by these two models was different. The FA technique identified 4 factors, (soil, fuel burning, and 2 factors combining in light and heavy-duty vehicles), whereas PMF identified 6, the same as FA (light and heavier vehicles differentiated) and biomass burning. There was concordance between the two techniques, considering that both found that vehicular emission is the major contribution for concentration. The comparison between the models indicated that PMF model present a better source classification, mainly for the vehicular identification. The PMF technique considers the error of each sample in the analysis, weighting the variables and imposing that all the factors must be positive. This mechanism provides a better characterization of sources linking the results with the physics of the process.
Lannuque, Victor. "Formation de l’aérosol organique secondaire dans les modèles de qualité de l’air : développement d’une paramétrisation sur la base de simulations explicites." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1129.
Повний текст джерелаThe gaseous oxidation of organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere leads to the formation of thousands of secondary organic compounds (SOC). A fraction of these SOC is low volatile, and can partition between the gaseous phase and the particulate phase, forming secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The SOA are a main component of the particles, representing between 20% and 80% of the total mass of fine aerosols. Therefore, SOA contribute to the impact of aerosols on the environment, in particular air quality and climate. The quantification of the SOA impacts is estimated using chemical-transport models (CTM). Comparisons with in situ measurements show that the spatial and temporal variations of SOA mass are not correctly simulated by CTM. In these models, the SOA formation is represented in a simplified way, using empirical parameterizations developed on the basis of observations performed in atmospheric simulation chambers. Improving the representation of organic aerosols in CTM is therefore required to diagnose the origin of air pollution by fine particles, improve the reliability of pollution episode prediction and assess the impact of aerosols on the environment. The objectives of this thesis are :• to explore the influence of environmental conditions on SOA formation and properties,• to develop a new parameterization of SOA formation based on a deterministic representation of atmospheric chemistry,• to evaluate this parameterization in CTM by comparison with in-situ measurements. Deterministic models represent the non-linearity of SOA formation processes. The model GECKO-A (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) is a numerical modelling tool that integrates the elementary data (kinetics and thermodynamics) from laboratory studies. In this thesis, oxidation scenarios representative of various environmental conditions were developed and GECKO-A was used to study the impact of environmental factors (temperature, NOx concentrations, solar radiations, etc.) on the formation and the properties of the SOA. On the basis of these simulations, a new parameterization for SOA formation was developed: VBS-GECKO. The evaluation of the VBS-GECKO in box model has shown a good reproduction of the organic aerosol (OA) concentrations with RMSE lesser than 20%.The VBS-GECKO was integrated into the CHIMERE CTM to simulate summer concentrations of OA over Europe. Simulated OA are significantly improved compared to the reference parameterization used in CHIMERE. The VBS-GECKO was also used to study (i) the sources and properties of SOA and (ii) different representations of emissions of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds by road traffic
Поленкова, М. В. "Оцінка стану атмосферного повітря чернігівського регіону та заходи щодо його покращення". Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/21055.
Повний текст джерелаОб’єктом дослідження є стан атмосферного повітря Чернігівської області. Предметом дослідження є моніторинг стану атмосферного повітря Чернігівської області. Мета дослідження – комплексна і цілісна оцінка фактичного стану забруднення атмосферного повітря в Чернігівській області. Дослідження спрямоване на обґрунтування практичних рекомендацій щодо обґрунтування механізму проведення моніторингу атмосферного повітря у Чернігівській області. Інформаційною базою дослідження слугували наукові праці вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців, нормативні та законодавчі акти у сфері охорони та якості атмосферного повітря, Директиви Європейського Союзу, спрямовані на регулювання кількості викидів забруднювальних речовин в атмосферне повітря та його охорону, матеріали науково-практичних конференцій, збірники та видання Державної служби статистики України та Чернігівської області, Департаменту екології та природних ресурсів Чернігівської ОДА, матеріали з інформаційної мережі Internet.
The object of research is the state of the atmospheric air of Chernihiv region. The subject of the study is the monitoring of atmospheric air in the Chernihiv region. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive and holistic assessment of the actual state of air pollution in the Chernihiv region. The study is aimed at substantiating practical recommendations for substantiating the mechanism of air monitoring in Chernihiv region. The information base of the study was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, regulations and legislation in the field of air protection and quality, EU Directives aimed at regulating the amount of pollutant emissions into the air and its protection, materials of scientific conferences, collections and publications State Statistics Service of Ukraine and Chernihiv region, Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of Chernihiv Regional State Administration, materials from the Internet.
Zhang, Yujie. "Atmospheric measurements and degradation mechanisms of a number of volatile organic compounds." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2048.
Повний текст джерелаCarbonyls and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) represent an important class of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in the atmosphere. They are emitted into the atmosphere through anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Their atmospheric degradation leads to the formation of ozone, photooxidants and organic aerosols affecting the air quality at the local and regional scales and human health. It is, hence, of importance to measure their atmospheric concentrations and investigate their fate. In the present thesis, we have conducted a systematic measurement study of carbonyls and BTEX in Beijing during the period of Jul 2008-Aug 2010 in order to evaluate their ambient levels, possible sources and the influence of characteristic weather conditions. In a separate work, we performed a series of experimental studies on the OH-initiated oxidation of isopropyl formate, isobutyl formate, and n-propyl isobutyrate using the ICARE-CNRS (Orleans) simulation chamber from which we derived the product yields. The data obtained are presented and discussed
Albuquerque, Edler Lins de. "Compostos organicos volateis na atmosfera urbana da região metropolitana de São Paulo." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266356.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Realizou-se um estudo experimental dos Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis (COV) encontrados na atmosfera urbana da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). O objetivo principal foi medir as concentrações de COV, procurando identificar, por meio de análises multivariadas, relações entre estas concentrações, parâmetros meteorológicos e concentrações de outros poluentes. Métodos de amostragem passiva e ativa foram empregados utilizando tubos de aço contendo o sólido adsorvente TENAX TA. A quantificação das amostras ocorreu por dessorção térmica automática e cromatografia gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama. Analisou-se COV selecionados, incluindo alcanos, cicloalcanos e compostos aromáticos. Diversos aspectos foram investigados em estudos específicos: emissão veicular, variabilidade diária das concentrações, emprego da amostragem passiva, potencial para formar ozônio etc. As concentrações registradas em cada campanha variaram bastante em função de aspectos associados a características locais das fontes de emissão, horários de coleta, fatores sazonais e meteorológicos. Verificou-se que tolueno, m,p-xilenos, n-hexano, etilbenzeno e 1,2,4-trimetilbenzeno foram os COV encontrados em maiores concentrações na maioria dos estudos realizados, estando os mesmos entre os mais emitidos pelos veículos e entre aqueles com maior potencial para formar ozônio. No local monitorado, o perfil de variação temporal das concentrações de COV foi diferente em função de condições sazonais e/ou meteorológicas. A validação da amostragem passiva possibilitou estimar taxas de amostragem dos COV, as primeiras da literatura científica para vários compostos e as primeiras obtidas numa atmosfera urbana de cidades brasileiras. Isto viabilizou a realização de um monitoramento passivo simultâneo em oito locais diferentes, permitindo verificar as vantagens deste tipo de coleta. Acredita-se que os resultados desta pesquisa possam auxiliar na criação de planos de monitoramento para os COV
Abstract: The aim of this research was an experimental study of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) found in the urban atmosphere of Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). The main purpose was to measure atmospheric concentrations of VOCs. Multivariate analyses were used to identify relationships among VOCs concentration, meteorological parameters and concentrations of other pollutants. Passive and active sampling methods were applied. Steel tubes packed with adsorbent TENAX TA were employed. The samples were quantified by automatic thermal desorption and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Selected VOCs were analyzed, including alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds. Many topics related to VOCs were investigated: vehicular emissions, time variation of concentrations, employ of passive sampling, potential of ozone formation etc. For this, some specific studies were conducted. VOCs concentration vary a lot in each campaign in function of aspects associated to local characteristics of emission sources, sampling time, season and meteorological factors. In most of performed studies toluene, m,p-xylenes, n-hexane, ethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were VOCs found in higher concentrations. Additionally, such compounds were also found among VOCs with higher vehicular emission factors and higher ozone forming potentials. At the monitoring site, VOCs concentrations have shown distinct profile of time variation for different seasonal and meteorological conditions. VOCs uptake rates were estimated from the validation of passive sampling process. These uptake rates were the first found for many VOCs and the first found in an urban atmosphere of Brazilian cities. This fact became possible to perform a simultaneous passive monitorization campaign in eight different sites at MASP, verifying the advantages of this type of sampling strategy. It is believed that the results of this research may aid in the creation of monitoring programs for VOCs
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Čėglytė, Aurelija. "Atmosferos apsaugos struktūros valdymo tobulinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070104_115109-14230.
Повний текст джерелаMaestas, Melissa May. "Air pollution and gastrointestinal diseases in Utah." Thesis, The University of Utah, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10246554.
Повний текст джерелаThe valleys of northern Utah, where most of Utah’s population resides, experience episodic air pollution events well in excess of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Most of the events are due to an accumulation of particulate matter during persistent cold air pools in winter from both direct emissions and secondary chemical reactions in the atmosphere. High wintertime ozone concentrations are occasionally observed in the Uintah Basin, in addition to particulate matter. At other times of the year, blowing dust, wildland fires, fireworks, and summertime ozone formation contribute to local air pollution. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate one facet of the health effects of Utah’s air pollution on its residents: the acute impacts of air pollution on gastrointestinal (GI) disease.
To study the health effects of these episodic pollution events, some measure of air pollution exposure must be matched to the health data. Time and place are used to link the health data for a person with the pollution data. This dissertation describes the method of kriging data from the sparse pollution monitoring network to estimate personal air pollution history based on the zip code of residence. This dissertation then describes the application of these exposure estimates to a health study on GI disease.
The purpose of the GI study is to retrospectively look at two groups of patients during 2000-2014: those with autoimmune disease of the GI tract (inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) and those with allergic disease of the GI tract (eosinophilic esophagitis, EoE) to determine whether disease exacerbations occur more commonly during and following periods of poor air quality compared to periods of good air quality. The primary analysis method is case crossover design. In addition to using the kriged air pollution estimates, the analysis was repeated using simpler empirical estimation methods to assess whether the odds ratios are sensitive to the air pollution estimation method.
The data suggests an association between particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns and prednisone prescriptions, gastrointestinal infections in general, clostridium difficile infections specifically, and hospitalizations among people who have at least five entries of IBD diagnosis codes in their medical records. EoE exacerbations appear to be associated with high concentrations of particulate matter as well as ozone.
Schenck, Charles. "Pollution saline de l'eau souterraine et de l'air liee aux activites economiques en haute alsace : incidences agronomiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13220.
Повний текст джерелаSmith, Kim Anne. "Transportation and air quality." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19915.
Повний текст джерелаKammer, Julien. "LANDEX : étude des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) générés par la forêt des Landes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0402/document.
Повний текст джерелаForest ecosystems affect air quality and climate, especially through the emissions and the reactions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) with the atmospheric oxidants, known to generate Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs). This work aims to improve our knowledge on the processes involved in biogenic SOA formation and fate. Two field campaigns have been conducted in the Landes forest. In a first step, the measurement site was characterized by a statistical study of local meteorological conditions. During these campaigns, complementary physical and chemical measurements have been carried out, implying measurements of fluxes and concentrations of particles, BVOCs and oxidants. The results evidenced nocturnal new particle formation, which is an original result as this process was usually only reported during daytime. The strong contribution of BVOCs (dominated by α- and β-pinene) ozonolysis to nocturnal new particle formation has been demonstated. Particle flux measurements suggested that particles are transfered from the canopy to the higher atmospheric surface layer. The comparison between ozone fluxes and a physical ozone deposition model also highlighted an ozone production source. This ozone production might be related to BVOC photooxidation
GOMES, Valério de Araújo. "Modelagem e simulação da dispersão das emissões de fluoreto gasoso de uma redução eletrolítica de alumínio." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2007. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/303.
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A determinação de concentração de poluentes lançados na atmosfera é um elemento importante na previsão de impactos ambientais causados por emissões de efluentes industriais, sendo fundamental na avaliação de viabilidade de novas plantas, ou mesmo para plantas existentes. Em função da ampliação dos parques industriais e da aproximação dos centros urbanos, cada vez mais fica evidente a necessidade de dispor de dados de simulações da qualidade do ar, para tomar decisões em relação ao tipo de tratamento dos efluentes gasosos, posicionamento de plantas, projetos de chaminés (altura), e principalmente do tipo de controle e processo que será necessário para minimizar as concentrações lançadas no meio ambiente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, principalmente, desenvolver uma rotina aplicada as emissões de fluoreto gasoso proveniente de reduções eletrolíticas de alumínio. A referência adotada foi o modelo desenvolvido pela Environmental Research & Technology Inc. chamado BLP – Buoyant Line and Point Source (modelo fundamentado na distribuição gaussiana), aplicando algumas considerações específicas. A implementação foi realizada utilizando o Mathcad 11 Enterprise Edition. Posteriormente ao desenvolvimento foram feitas várias simulações com informações coletadas pelo programa de monitoramento de fontes estacionárias da Alumar e comparados com os dados coletados na estação de monitoramento contínuo de qualidade do ar localizada na vila de Coqueiro (intermediações do limite da fábrica, 2,500 Km). Complementarmente, também foi realizada uma simulação para comparar o resultado do modelo proposto com os resultados do CALPUFF (software comercial referendado pela EPA – Environmental Protection Agency) que foi utilizado durante a elaboração do estudo de impacto ambiental da complementação da sala de cubas – linha 3. O modelo proposto apresentou uma correlação de 82% com os dados históricos coletados na estação localizada na vila de Coqueiro e um erro de 4,35% quando comparado com as simulações do CALPUFF.
The determination of the pollutants concentration released into the atmosphere is an important element in the prediction of environmental impacts caused by emissions from industrial effluents, being fundamental in the feasibility evaluation of new plants, or even for existing plants. Due to the industrial parks expansion and the approximation of urban centers, it is increasingly evident that there is a need for air quality simulation data to make decisions regarding the type of treatment of gaseous effluents, plant positioning, chimneys dimensions (height), and especially of the type of control and process that will be necessary to minimize the concentrations released in the environment. The main objective of this work was to develop a routine applied to the emission of gaseous fluoride from electrolytic smelting of aluminum. The reference adopted was the model developed by Environmental Research & Technology Inc called BLP - Buoyant Line and Point Source (model based on the Gaussian distribution), applying some specific considerations. The implementation was performed using Mathcad 11 Enterprise Edition. After the development, several simulations were carried out with information collected by Alumar's stationary source monitoring program and compared to the data collected at the continuous air quality monitoring station located in the village of Coqueiro (distant 2,500 km). In addition, simulations were also carried out to compare the results of the proposed model with the results from CALPUFF (commercial software endorsed by the EPA - Environmental Protection Agency) that was used during the elaboration of the environmental impact study of the complementation of the potroom - line 3. The proposed model presented a correlation of 82% with the historical data collected at the station located in the village of Coqueiro and an error of 4.35% when compared to the simulations of the CALPUFF.
江顯其 and Hin-kee Kong. "Air pollution impacts as indicated by roadside air quality monitoring stations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125424X.
Повний текст джерелаShahgedanova, Maria. "Climatology of air pollution in Moscow." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320808.
Повний текст джерелаHalliday, Norman. "The detection of atmospheric vapours using optical waveguide sensors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329774.
Повний текст джерелаLelas, Vedran. "Chance constrained models for air pollution monitoring and control /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Повний текст джерелаBoylan, James W. "Integrated modeling of air pollution dynamics in the Southern Appalachian Mountains." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22217.
Повний текст джерела