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Статті в журналах з теми "Atmosphere-lake interaction"
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Djolov, G. "Hydrothermodynamic interaction between lake and atmosphere." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 61, no. 1-2 (October 1992): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02034003.
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Turchak, Leonid I., and Maria I. Gritsevich. "Meteoroids Interaction With The Earth Atmosphere." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtam-2014-0020.
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Abstract In this study we evaluate meteoroid mass and its other properties based on the observed atmospheric trajectory. With account for aerodynamics, we formulate a problem by introducing key dimensionless parameters in the model, responsible for the drag, mass loss and rotation of meteoroid. The proposed model is suitable to categorize various impact events in terms of meteor survivability and impact damage and thus, to analyze consequences that accompany collisions of cosmic bodies with planetary atmosphere and surface. The different types of events, namely, formation of a massive single crater (Barringer, Lonar Lake), dispersion of craters and meteorites over a large area (Sikhote-Alin), absent of craters and meteorites, but huge damage (Tunguska) are considered as illustrative examples. The proposed approach helps to summarize the data on existing terrestrial impacts and to formulate recommendations for further studies valuable for planetary defence. It also significantly increases chances of successful meteorite recoveries in future. In other words, the study represents a ’cheap’ possibility to probe cosmic matter reaching planetary surface and it complements results of sample-return missions bringing back pristine samples of the materials.
3
Gao, Yanhong, Fei Chen, Gonzalo Miguez-Macho, and Xia Li. "Understanding precipitation recycling over the Tibetan Plateau using tracer analysis with WRF." Climate Dynamics 55, no. 9-10 (August 29, 2020): 2921–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05426-9.
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Abstract The precipitation recycling (PR) ratio is an important indicator that quantifies the land-atmosphere interaction strength in the Earth system’s water cycle. To better understand how the heterogeneous land surface in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) contributes to precipitation, we used the water-vapor tracer (WVT) method coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model. The goals were to quantify the PR ratio, in terms of annual mean, seasonal variability and diurnal cycle, and to address the relationships of the PR ratio with lake treatments and precipitation amount. Simulations showed that the PR ratio increases from 0.1 in winter to 0.4 in summer when averaged over the TP with the maxima centered at the headwaters of three major rivers (Yangtze, Yellow and Mekong). For the central TP, the highest PR ratio rose to over 0.8 in August, indicating that most of the precipitation was recycled via local evapotranspiration in summer. The larger daily mean and standard deviation of the PR ratio in summer suggested a stronger effect of land-atmosphere interactions on precipitation in summer than in winter. Despite the relatively small spatial extent of inland lakes, the treatment of lakes in WRF significantly impacted the calculation of the PR ratio over the TP, and correcting lake temperature substantially improved both precipitation and PR ratio simulations. There was no clear relationship between PR ratio and precipitation amount; however, a significant positive correlation between PR and convective precipitation was revealed. This study is beneficial for the understanding of land-atmosphere interaction over high mountain regions.
4
Wang, Mengxiao, Lijuan Wen, Zhaoguo Li, Matti Leppäranta, Victor Stepanenko, Yixin Zhao, Ruijia Niu, Liuyiyi Yang, and Georgiy Kirillin. "Mechanisms and effects of under-ice warming water in Ngoring Lake of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau." Cryosphere 16, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 3635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3635-2022.
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Abstract. The seasonal ice cover in lakes of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is a transient and vulnerable part of the cryosphere, whose characteristics depend on the regional climate: strong solar radiation in the context of the dry and cold environment because of the high altitude and relatively low latitude. We use the first under-ice temperature observations from the largest Tibetan freshwater lake, Ngoring Lake, and a one-dimensional lake model to quantify the mechanism of solar thermal accumulation under ice, which relies on the ice optical properties and weather conditions, as well as the effect of the accumulated heat on the land–atmosphere heat exchange after the ice breakup. The model was able to realistically simulate the feature of the Ngoring Lake thermal regime: the “summer-like” temperature stratification with temperatures exceeding the maximum density point of 3.98 ∘C across the bulk of the freshwater column. A series of sensitivity experiments revealed solar radiation was the major source of under-ice warming and demonstrated that the warming phenomenon was highly sensitive to the optical properties of ice. The heat accumulated under ice contributed to the heat release from the lake to the atmosphere for 1–2 months after ice-off, increasing the upward sensible and latent surface heat fluxes on average by ∼ 50 and ∼ 80 W m−2, respectively. Therefore, the delayed effect of heat release on the land–atmosphere interaction requires an adequate representation in regional climate modeling of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and other lake-rich alpine areas.
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Chen, Haishan, Bo Yu, Botao Zhou, Wanxin Zhang, and Jie Zhang. "Role of Local Atmospheric Forcing and Land–Atmosphere Interaction in Recent Land Surface Warming in the Midlatitudes over East Asia." Journal of Climate 33, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 2295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0856.1.
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AbstractSignificant summer land surface warming has been observed in the middle latitudes over East Asia, especially after the mid-1990s, which has evidently affected the East Asian weather and climate. Using multisource observations and reanalysis data during 1979–2013, this study explores the possible reasons for recent land surface warming over this region by considering atmospheric forcing and regional land–atmosphere interaction related to extratropical cyclones (ECs). Results show that there is a close relationship between land surface warming and weakened ECs over East Asia. Recent land surface warming was attributed to local atmospheric forcing and feedback of land–atmosphere interaction associated with weakened ECs. The abnormal large-scale circulation associated with anomalous ECs produced evident dynamic forcing on the land surface. Weakened ECs are usually accompanied by an abnormal high pressure system and anticyclonic circulation around Lake Baikal, which benefit the intensification of anomalous southerly wind in the rear of the anomalous anticyclone, leading to positive temperature advection and temperature increase over East Asia. Meanwhile, the anomalous adiabatic warming caused by abnormal descending motion associated with the anticyclonic anomaly also contributes to local warming. The feedback of local land–atmosphere interaction plays an important role in land surface warming. Weakened ECs increase both incident solar radiation and precipitation. The increased precipitation reduces the soil moisture and in turn weakens the surface evaporation and local cooling effect, resulting in land surface warming. Our findings are helpful for better understanding the mechanisms responsible for recent summer land surface warming over East Asia as well as its climatic effects.
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Gemilang, Annisa, Huda Nurjanti, and Firmansam Bastaman. "Lanskap Agrowisata Kopi Sumedang Sebagai Kolaborasi Peningkatan Perkebunan Rakyat Dan Perlindungan Lahan Danau Sunyayuri." Composite: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 3, no. 02 (December 31, 2021): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37577/composite.v3i02.361.
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called Kopi Buhun. Buhun Coffee is a type of Arabica coffee which is a single origin "special tea coffee". In developing Buhun coffee, land is needed that can be planted with coffee. This land is not only a coffee plantation but can become a tourist attraction that can educate, increase recreation and protect the environment besides that it can economically increase the income of residents around agrotourism. In general, the land of Lake Sunyayuri, Cimarias Village, Pamulihan District, Sumedang Regency is an area that has the potential to become a tourist spot with an artificial lake, and a panoramic view of the hills surrounding the lake with a beautiful and calming atmosphere. The productivity of Indonesian coffee is still low compared to the potential that can be increased. The need for plantation land, especially coffee, is still lacking. Utilization of abandoned forest areas in areas with coffee potential can still be carried out, including utilizing the Pamulihan Cekdam area. What is the form of the Sumedang Coffee Agrotourism design in utilizing the existing potential into plantation tourism that provides interesting tourist experiences, recreational facilities, and social interaction as well as coffee education for visitors and the community about how to cultivate coffee from nurseries to products that can be enjoyed and provide a source of income for local communities while preserving the environment?
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Jiang, Haoyu, Yingyao He, Yiqun Wang, Sheng Li, Bin Jiang, Luca Carena, Xue Li, et al. "Formation of organic sulfur compounds through SO<sub>2</sub>-initiated photochemistry of PAHs and dimethylsulfoxide at the air-water interface." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 6 (April 1, 2022): 4237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4237-2022.
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Abstract. The presence of organic sulfur compounds (OS) at the water surface acting as organic surfactants, may influence the air-water interaction and contribute to new particle formation in the atmosphere. However, the impact of ubiquitous anthropogenic pollutant emissions, such as SO2 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the formation of OS at the air-water interface still remains unknown. Here, we observe large amounts of OS formation in the presence of SO2, upon irradiation of aqueous solutions containing typical PAHs, such as pyrene (PYR), fluoranthene (FLA), and phenanthrene (PHE) as well as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). We observe rapid formation of several gaseous OSs from light-induced heterogeneous reactions of SO2 with either DMSO or a mixture of PAHs and DMSO (PAHs/DMSO), and some of these OSs (e.g. methanesulfonic acid) are well established secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. A myriad of OSs and unsaturated compounds are produced and detected in the aqueous phase. The tentative reaction pathways are supported by theoretical calculations of the Gibbs energy of reactions. Our findings provide new insights into potential sources and formation pathways of OSs occurring at the water (sea, lake, river) surface, that should be considered in future model studies for a better representation of the air-water interaction and SOA formation processes.
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Pickarski, N., O. Kwiecien, D. Langgut, and T. Litt. "Abrupt climate and vegetation variability of eastern Anatolia during the last glacial." Climate of the Past 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2015): 1491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1491-2015.
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Abstract. Detailed analyses of the Lake Van pollen, Ca / K ratio, and stable oxygen isotope record allow the identification of millennial-scale vegetation and environmental changes in eastern Anatolia throughout the last glacial (~ 111.5–11.7 ka BP). The climate of the last glacial was cold and dry, indicated by low arboreal pollen (AP) levels. The driest and coldest period corresponds to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 (~ 28–14.5 ka BP), which was dominated by highest values of xerophytic steppe vegetation. Our high-resolution multi-proxy record shows rapid expansions and contractions of tree populations that reflect variability in temperature and moisture availability. These rapid vegetation and environmental changes can be related to the stadial-interstadial pattern of Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events as recorded in the Greenland ice cores. Periods of reduced moisture availability were characterized by enhanced occurrence of xerophytic species and high terrigenous input from the Lake Van catchment area. Furthermore, the comparison with the marine realm reveals that the complex atmosphere–ocean interaction can be explained by the strength and position of the westerlies, which are responsible for the supply of humidity in eastern Anatolia. Influenced by the diverse topography of the Lake Van catchment, more pronounced DO interstadials (e.g., DO 19, 17–16, 14, 12 and 8) show the strongest expansion of temperate species within the last glacial. However, Heinrich events (HE), characterized by highest concentrations of ice-rafted debris (IRD) in marine sediments, cannot be separated from other DO stadials based on the vegetation composition in eastern Anatolia. In addition, this work is a first attempt to establish a continuous microscopic charcoal record for the last glacial in the Near East. It documents an immediate response to millennial-scale climate and environmental variability and enables us to shed light on the history of fire activity during the last glacial.
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Pickarski, N., O. Kwiecien, D. Langgut, and T. Litt. "Abrupt climate variability of eastern Anatolia vegetation during the last glacial." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2015): 3341–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-3341-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Detailed analyses of the Lake Van pollen and stable oxygen isotope record allow the identification of millennial-scale vegetation and environmental changes in eastern Anatolia throughout the last glacial. The climate within the last glacial period (∼75–15 ka BP) was cold and dry, with low arboreal pollen (AP) levels. The driest and coldest period corresponds to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 (∼28–14.5 ka BP) dominated by the highest values of xerophytic steppe vegetation. Our high-resolution multi proxy record shows rapid expansions and contractions that mimic the stadial-interstadial pattern of the Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events as recorded in the Greenland ice cores, and thus, provide a linkage to North Atlantic climate oscillations. Periods of reduced moisture availability characterized at Lake Van by enhanced xerophytic species correlates well with increase in ice-rafted debris (IRD) and a decrease of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic. Furthermore, comparison with the marine realm reveals that the complex atmosphere–ocean interaction can be recognized by the strength and position of the westerlies in eastern Anatolia. Influenced by rough topography at Lake Van, the expansion of temperate species (e.g. deciduous Quercus) was stronger during interstadials DO 19, 17–16, 14, 12 and 8. However, Heinrich events (HE), characterized by highest concentrations of ice-rafted debris in marine sediments, are identified in eastern Anatolia by AP values not lower and high steppe components not more abundant than during DO stadials. In addition, this work is a first attempt to establish a continuous microscopic charcoal record over the last glacial in the Near East, which documents an initial immediate response to millennial-scale climate and environmental variability and enables the shed light on the history of fire activity during the last glacial.
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Pandey, Siddharth, Jonathan Clarke, Preeti Nema, Rosalba Bonaccorsi, Sanjoy Som, Mukund Sharma, Binita Phartiyal, et al. "Ladakh: diverse, high-altitude extreme environments for off-earth analogue and astrobiology research." International Journal of Astrobiology 19, no. 1 (June 13, 2019): 78–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550419000119.
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AbstractThis paper highlights unique sites in Ladakh, India, investigated during our 2016 multidisciplinary pathfinding expedition to the region. We summarize our scientific findings and the site's potential to support science exploration, testing of new technologies and science protocols within the framework of astrobiology research. Ladakh has several accessible, diverse, pristine and extreme environments at very high altitudes (3000–5700 m above sea level). These sites include glacial passes, sand dunes, hot springs and saline lake shorelines with periglacial features. We report geological observations and environmental characteristics (of astrobiological significance) along with the development of regolith-landform maps for cold high passes. The effects of the diurnal water cycle on salt deliquescence were studied using the ExoMars Mission instrument mockup: HabitAbility: Brines, Irradiance and Temperature (HABIT). It recorded the existence of an interaction between the diurnal water cycle in the atmosphere and salts in the soil (which can serve as habitable liquid water reservoirs). Life detection assays were also tested to establish the best protocols for biomass measurements in brines, periglacial ice-mud and permafrost melt water environments in the Tso-Kar region. This campaign helped confirm the relevance of clays and brines as interest targets of research on Mars for biomarker preservation and life detection.
Дисертації з теми "Atmosphere-lake interaction"
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Aleksa, Matthew D. "The effects of teleconnection patterns on lake-effect snowfall in the Lake Erie snowbelt, 1951-2007." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1391471.
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The relationships between teleconnection patterns the Pacific/North American (PNA) index, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—and lake-effect snowfall are examined. Bivariate and partial correlations are used over seasonal and semi-seasonal periods for stations within the Lake Erie snowbelt to link teleconnection phases to snowfall increases. Significant negative correlations were seen throughout the entire winter between NAO and snowfall. Relationships between PNA and ENSO on snowfall were less evident, with significant correlations during the mid-winter months between a positive PNA and snowfall and significant correlations during the late winter in the western zone between a negative ENSO and snowfall.Department of Geography
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Amadori, Marina. "On the physical drivers of transport processes in Lake Garda: A combined analytical, numerical and observational investigation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/260790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This doctoral thesis provides the first comprehensive study on the physical processes controlling hydrodynamics and transport in Lake Garda. The investigation is carried out in parallel on three different levels: data collection and analysis, three-dimensional numerical modeling and theoretical study.
On the first level, data are collected by building up a network of research institutes and local administrations in the lake area. New data are acquired through traditional field campaigns (CTD, thermistor chains, satellite imagery), while a citizen-science approach, based on local knowledge harvesting, is successfully tested to gather qualitative data on surface circulation.
On the second level, a three-dimensional modeling chain is set up, by coupling one-way a mesoscale atmospheric model to a hydrodynamic model. Both models are validated on multiple temporal and spatial scales, allowing to identify the main interactions between the weather forcing and the hydrodynamic response of the lake.
Circulations in Lake Garda are found to be very sensitive to the thermal stratification, to the spatial distribution of the wind forcing and to the Earth’s rotation. Surface cyclonic gyre patterns develop in the lake as a residual outcome of alternating wind forcing of local breezes and differential acceleration induced by Earth’s rotation, whereas unidirectional currents flow under a nearly uniform and constant wind. Both model and observations evidences show that, under weak thermal stratification, Ekman transport activates a secondary circulations in the northern part of the lake, driving surface water to the deep layers and possibly preconditioning the lake for subsequent buoyancy-driven deep mixing events.
On the third level, the relevance of the Coriolis term in the equations of motion for relatively narrow closed basins is analytically addressed. The classical Ekman problem is solved by including the presence of lateral boundaries and a new analytical solution is formulated. The validity of the new solution is proved by numerical tests of idealized domains of different size, geographical location and turbulent regime, and on Lake Garda as a real test case. The meaningful length scales are discussed, and the significance of Rossby radious as a reference horizontal scale is disproved for steady-state circulations driven by wind and planetary rotation.
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Purificação, Ana Carolina Rodrigues da. "Caracterização meteorológica em Alqueva: tratamento e análise de dados." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27846.
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A albufeira de Alqueva alterou significativamente a paisagem da região e tem impactos
no clima ainda pouco documentados. A albufeira, localizada no rio Guadiana, com uma
área de 250 quilómetros quadrados, é um grande laboratório natural para o estudo da
interacção entre lagos e a atmosfera e foi objecto de estudo no âmbito do projecto ALOP
(ALentejo: sistemas de Observação e Previsão). Nesta dissertação, tratamos e analisamos
séries de dados das variáveis meteorológicas recolhidas em estações meteorológicas
instaladas tanto em Alqueva, numa plataforma flutuante sobre o reservatório e nas
margens, como na área circundante no período entre Maio de 2017 e Abril de 2019. Os
resultados mostram algumas diferenças notáveis neste período de estudo, entre a estação
sobre o lago e as outras estações da região, que se acentuam à medida que a distância ao
lago é maior; Abstract:
Meteorological characterization in Alqueva: Data processing and analysis.
The Alqueva reservoir has significantly changed the landscape of the region and has
impacts on the climate that are still poorly documented. The reservoir, located on the
Guadiana River, with an area of 250 square kilometres, is a large natural laboratory for
the study of the interaction between lakes and the atmosphere and has been studied in the
framework of the ALOP (ALentejo: Observation and Forecasting systems) project. In this
work we treat and analyse data-series of weather variables collected in meteorological
stations installed in Alqueva, on a floating platform over the reservoir and in its shores,
and in its surrounding area in the period between May 2017 and April 2019. The results
show some exceptional differences during this study period, between the station over the
lake and the others in the region, that increase as the distance to the lake increases.
4
Gerken, Tobias [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Hauhs. "High-Resolution Modelling of Surface-Atmosphere Interactions and Convection Development at Nam Co Lake, Tibetan Plateau / Tobias Gerken. Betreuer: Michael Hauhs." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059352389/34.
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Amadori, Marina. "On the physical drivers of transport processes in Lake Garda: A combined analytical, numerical and observational investigation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/260790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This doctoral thesis provides the first comprehensive study on the physical processes controlling hydrodynamics and transport in Lake Garda. The investigation is carried out in parallel on three different levels: data collection and analysis, three-dimensional numerical modeling and theoretical study.
On the first level, data are collected by building up a network of research institutes and local administrations in the lake area. New data are acquired through traditional field campaigns (CTD, thermistor chains, satellite imagery), while a citizen-science approach, based on local knowledge harvesting, is successfully tested to gather qualitative data on surface circulation.
On the second level, a three-dimensional modeling chain is set up, by coupling one-way a mesoscale atmospheric model to a hydrodynamic model. Both models are validated on multiple temporal and spatial scales, allowing to identify the main interactions between the weather forcing and the hydrodynamic response of the lake.
Circulations in Lake Garda are found to be very sensitive to the thermal stratification, to the spatial distribution of the wind forcing and to the Earth’s rotation. Surface cyclonic gyre patterns develop in the lake as a residual outcome of alternating wind forcing of local breezes and differential acceleration induced by Earth’s rotation, whereas unidirectional currents flow under a nearly uniform and constant wind. Both model and observations evidences show that, under weak thermal stratification, Ekman transport activates a secondary circulations in the northern part of the lake, driving surface water to the deep layers and possibly preconditioning the lake for subsequent buoyancy-driven deep mixing events.
On the third level, the relevance of the Coriolis term in the equations of motion for relatively narrow closed basins is analytically addressed. The classical Ekman problem is solved by including the presence of lateral boundaries and a new analytical solution is formulated. The validity of the new solution is proved by numerical tests of idealized domains of different size, geographical location and turbulent regime, and on Lake Garda as a real test case. The meaningful length scales are discussed, and the significance of Rossby radious as a reference horizontal scale is disproved for steady-state circulations driven by wind and planetary rotation.
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MELO, Ewerton Cleudson de Sousa. "Simulação numérica das interações biosfera-atmosfera em área de caatinga: uma análise da expansão agrícola em ambiente semiárido." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2011. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1437.
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Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-14T10:58:52Z
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EWERTON CLEUDSON DE SOUSA MELO - TESE (PPGMet) 2016.pdf: 4714414 bytes, checksum: 399def91bcd71b3e8a00a6b001dcfd4b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:58:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EWERTON CLEUDSON DE SOUSA MELO - TESE (PPGMet) 2016.pdf: 4714414 bytes, checksum: 399def91bcd71b3e8a00a6b001dcfd4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30
CNPq
Neste trabalho a versão 6.0 do modelo numérico RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) é usada com o objetivo principal de simular a influência da expansão agrícola nas trocas de água e energia em áreas de Caatinga, e quantificar os efeitos das mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra na geração de circulações termicamente induzidas e na atividade convectiva. Os cenários de uso da terra investigados neste estudo foram construídos para representar condições ambientais nativas (sem influências antrópicas), e com alterações decorrentes da construção da represa de Sobradinho, e da expansão de atividades agrícolas e irrigação em região de clima semiárido. O ambiente atmosférico de grande escala é caracterizado pela estrutura dinâmica e termodinâmica típica da área central de um vórtice ciclônico de altos níveis (VCAN). A escolha do período de estudo teve como objetivo garantir condições ambientais com ampla diversidade agrícola em áreas de Caatinga (culturas de sequeiro e agricultura irrigada), e pouca nebulosidade. A evolução temporal da precipitação convectiva acumulada nas simulações da expansão agrícola mostra diferenças marcantes nos efeitos da agricultura de sequeiro e vegetação irrigada. O aumento na taxa da evapotranspiração nas áreas irrigadas eleva consideravelmente o teor de umidade nos baixos níveis da troposfera, reduz a temperatura do ar e diminui a precipitação convectiva. A descontinuidade na umidade e tipo de cobertura vegetal modifica a intensidade e distribuição dos fluxos turbulentos que são importantes na formação dos gradientes de pressão que geram circulações de brisa (brisa lacustre e de vegetação), de forma que o domínio nos transportes verticais de calor e água passa a ser da mesoescala. Verificou-se que as principais forçantes locais na determinação da distribuição espacial dos fluxos turbulentos e da chuva convectiva foram a topografia e a descontinuidade no teor de umidade do solo. Com relação a estabilidade atmosférica percebeu-se a existência de uma relação quase linear entre a Energia Potencial Convectiva Disponível (CAPE) e a temperatura potencial equivalente.
In this work the version 6.0 of the numerical model RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) is used with the main objective of simulating the influence of agricultural expansion on the water and energy exchange in Caatinga vegetation areas, and to quantify the effects that changes on soil use and coverage have on the generation of thermally induced circulations and convective activity. The scenarios of soil use investigated are designed to represent native environmental conditions (without anthropogenic influences) and with alterations due to the implementation of the Sobradinho reservoir, and the expansion of agricultural activities and irrigation in a semiarid climate area. The large scale atmospheric ambient is characterized by the dynamic and thermodynamic structure typical of the central area of an upper level cyclonic vortex. The period of study was chosen aiming at environmental conditions with largely diversified agricultural use in Caatinga vegetation areas (agriculture with and without irrigation), and almost cloudless skies. The temporal evolution of the accumulated convective precipitation in the numerical simulations of the agricultural expansion shows large differences in the effects of agriculture with and without irrigation. The irrigated areas higher evapotranspiration rate causes a substantial increase in the moisture content in the lower troposphere, and lower the air temperature and convective precipitation.
Книги з теми "Atmosphere-lake interaction"
1
Forest-Atmosphere Interaction Workshop (1985 Lake Placid). Proceedings of the forest-atmosphere interaction workshop, Lake Placid, NewYork, October 1-4, 1985. Washington: United States Department of Energy, 1987.
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2
Edward, Moritz Richard, National Science Foundation (U.S.), and Joint Oceanographic Institutions Incorporated, eds. Arctic system science: Ocean-atmosphere-ice interactions : report of a workshop held at the U.C.L.A. Lake Arrowhead Conference Center, March 12-16, 1990. Washington, D.C: Joint Oceanographic Institutions Inc., 1990.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Atmosphere-lake interaction"
1
El-Daoushy, Farid. "Assessing Environment-Climate Impacts in the Nile Basin for Decision-making." In Green Technologies, 694–712. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-472-1.ch407.
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Assessing the environmental and climatic impacts in the Nile Basin is imperative for appropriate decision and policy making on national and regional levels. Tracer techniques provide basic spatio-temporal tools for quantifying ongoing and past, and for predicting future, environmental and climatic impacts in whole Nile Basin. These tools allow the sustainable use of the natural resources through developing appropriate large-scale and long-term management and planning strategies. Radiotracers, for example, have diverse properties, unique sources and cycles in the environment. They provide powerful approaches to understand the behaviour of atmospheric processes, and the role of dry and wet-deposition on transfer of matter from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface. They are, also, useful for assessing the present status and evolution, as well as for quantifying the functioning and metabolism, in complex aquatic and land-water systems through appropriate definition of the spatio-temporal scales forcing their interactions with the environment and climate. They yield rich data on sources, pathways and flow-rates of matter (e.g. nutrients and pollutants) within and between landscape units and at the critical boundaries of the hydrosphere with the lithosphere, ecosphere and the atmosphere. Mitigation and adaptation strategies for coupled environment-climate policies require records and observations supported by model and forecasting infra-structures that can simulate the impacts of coupled environment-climate changes both on local and landscape scales. Impacts of global warming are not straightforward to predict unless reasonable scales can be used to compile and collate the diverse climatic and environmental data. Coordinated studies and observations of complex river-, lake-catchment, land-water and delta-coastal systems can provide a wide-range of information on human and climate impacts through using radiotracers as common time and space indicators for assessing the flow of matter on earth’s surface. In this context, the Nile Basin can serve as a model for coupled environment-climate impact studies in complex aquatic systems where sustainable management policies, e.g. use of natural resources, protection and rehabilitation, are needed.
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Macklin, Mark, and Jamie Woodward. "River Systems and Environmental Change." In The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0023.
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Linking river behaviour and drainage basin evolution to Quaternary environmental change, most notably the effects of climatic variability, tectonics, and human activity on runoff and sediment delivery, has a long history of research in the Mediterranean areas of Europe, North Africa, and the Near East. This field of research was initially stimulated by the (re)discovery at the beginning of the twentieth century of many Classical Period remains buried by river alluvium; perhaps the best known of which is the site of Olympia in western Greece (Huntington 1910). The widespread evidence for large-scale shifts in river channel positions and the rapid growth of deltas and coastal alluvial plains in historical times (Judson 1963; Raphael 1973; Kraft et al. 1980; and Chapter 13) also provided much impetus for this research. In addition, archaeological investigations carried out soon after the Second World War in Algeria (Gaucher 1947), Italy (Selli 1962), Libya (McBurney and Hey 1955) and Spain (Gigout 1959) resulted in the recovery of large numbers of Palaeolithic stone tools from Pleistocene fluvial deposits. These early examples of what has now become more widely known as ‘geoarchaeology’ (Davidson and Shackley 1976; Butzer 1977) or ‘alluvial archaeology’ (Macklin and Needham 1992) were, with their strong interdisciplinary focus, highly innovative and ahead of their time in the way they integrated archaeology, geomorphology, and geochronology. Building on this theme, the principal aim of this chapter is to consider how river systems in the Mediterranean region have responded to the environmental changes that took place during the Late Quaternary–a time interval corresponding approximately to the last 130,000 years. There are a number of reasons for choosing this period for reviewing river-environment interactions in the Mediterranean: 1. It encompasses the last glacial–interglacial cycle (c.130 to 10 ka) for which there is now abundant global evidence from polar ice cores, speleothem records, and lake and marine sediments, for both longand short-term changes in climate. These changes included massive reorganizations of the atmosphere-ocean-cryosphere systems—often over timescales of less than 100 years (Lowe and Walker 1997)—and they are clearly recorded in the Mediterranean region (see Allen et al. 1999 and Chapter 4).
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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Animals, Fungi, and Microorganisms." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0011.
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Although plants are the major living components of terrestrial geoecosystems, other organisms are very important. Some animals move large amounts of soil, and many microoganisms promote the weathering of rocks and minerals in soils. Perhaps the greatest effects of animals, fungi, and microorganisms on geoecosystems are indirect through their effects on plants and plant communities. Mycorrhizal fungi are beneficial to plants in nutrient-limiting substrates where the fungi can scavenge phosphorous and nitrogen for plants. Many animals, from large ungulates (moose, elk, deer, etc.) to microscopic nematodes, graze on the leaves and roots of plants. Microorganisms cause many diseases in plants. A complete inventory of plant interactions with other organisms is virtually limitless. This chapter concentrates on organisms that live in serpentine soils, that live on ultramafic rocks, or that are dependent on plants that grow on serpentine soils. There have been few field investigations of living organisms, other than plants, on serpentine soils. Many of the investigations on animals, fungi, and microorganisms in serpentine soils of the western North America have been conducted on Jasper Ridge in San Mateo County, and some have been on Coyote Ridge in Santa Clara County and on the McLaughlin Reserve in Napa and Lake counties, California. Some investigations of animals and other organisms for which there are no published accounts relating to serpentine soils in western North America (e.g., termites) are cited from other areas. The associations of organisms with serpentine soils, whether utilization or avoidance, largely depend on the chemistry of the soil parent materials. Therefore, this chapter begins with a review of the effects of serpentine chemistry on living organisms. Organisms are about 50% or more water. Moss plants that are less than 50% water when desiccated can absorb much more water than their dry weights to increase their weights several fold within hours. About half of the biomass of living organisms that is not water is carbon. Other than water, carbon dominates the chemistry of all organisms. It forms large polymers that are far beyond the capabilities of other elements. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the primary source of carbon in soils.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Atmosphere-lake interaction"
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Edwards, Mary E., Jadu Dash, Alexander Fedorov, Peter G. Langdon, Suzanne Mcgowan, Maarten van Hardenbroek, and Alla Yurova. "PAST LAND-ATMOSPHERE-LAKE INTERACTIONS IN BERINGIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ANTHROPOCENE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-305132.
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Babanin, Alexander V. "Wave-Induced Turbulence, Linking Metocean and Large Scales." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18373.
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Abstract Until recently, large-scale models did not explicitly take account of ocean surface waves which are a process of much smaller scales. However, it is rapidly becoming clear that many large-scale geophysical processes are essentially coupled with the surface waves, and those include ocean circulation, weather, Tropical Cyclones and polar sea ice in both Hemispheres, climate and other phenomena in the atmosphere, at air/sea, sea/ice and sea/land interface, and many issues of the upper-ocean mixing below the surface. Besides, the wind-wave climate itself experiences large-scale trends and fluctuations, and can serve as an indicator for changes in the weather climate. In the presentation, we will discuss wave influences at scales from turbulence to climate, on the atmospheric and oceanic sides. At the atmospheric side of the interface, the air-sea coupling is usually described by means of the drag coefficient Cd, which is parameterised in terms of the wind speed, but the scatter of experimental data with respect to such dependences is very significant and has not improved noticeably over some 40 years. It is argued that the scatter is due to multiple mechanisms which contribute into the sea drag, many of them are due to surface waves and cannot be accounted for unless the waves are explicitly known. The Cd concept invokes the assumption of constant-flux layer, which is also employed for vertical profiling of the wind measured at some elevation near the ocean surface. The surface waves, however, modify the balance of turbulent stresses very near the surface, and therefore such extrapolations can introduce significant biases. This is particularly essential for buoy measurements in extreme conditions, when the anemometer mast is within the Wave Boundary Layer (WBL) or even below the wave crests. In this presentation, field data and a WBL model are used to investigate such biases. It is shown that near the surface the turbulent fluxes are less than those obtained by extrapolation using the logarithmic-layer assumption, and the mean wind speeds very near the surface, based on Lake George field observations, are up to 5% larger. The dynamics is then simulated by means of a WBL model coupled with nonlinear waves, which revealed further details of complex behaviours at wind-wave boundary layer. Furthermore, we analyse the structure of WBL for strong winds (U10 > 20 m/s) based on field observations. We used vertical distribution of wind speed and momentum flux measured in Topical Cyclone Olwyn (April 2015) in the North-West shelf of Australia. A well-established layer of constant stress is observed. The values obtained for u⁎ from the logarithmic profile law against u⁎ from turbulence measurements (eddy correlation method) differ significantly as wind speed increases. Among wave-induced influences at the ocean side, the ocean mixing is most important. Until recently, turbulence produced by the orbital motion of surface waves was not accounted for, and this fact limits performance of the models for the upper-ocean circulation and ultimately large-scale air-sea interactions. While the role of breaking waves in producing turbulence is well appreciated, such turbulence is only injected under the interface at the vertical scale of wave height. The wave-orbital turbulence is depth-distributed at the scale of wavelength (∼10 times the wave height) and thus can mix through the ocean thermocline in the spring-summer seasons. Such mixing then produces feedback to the large-scale processes, from weather to climate. In order to account for the wave-turbulence effects, large-scale air-sea interaction models need to be coupled with wave models. Theory and practical applications for the wave-induced turbulence will be reviewed in the presentation. These include viscous and instability theories of wave turbulence, direct numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, field and remote sensing observations and validations, and finally implementations in ocean, Tropical Cyclone, ocean and ice models. As a specific example of a wave-coupled environment, the wave climate in the Arctic as observed by altimeters will be presented. This is an important topic for the Arctic Seas, which are opening from ice in summer time. Challenges, however, are many as their Metocean environment is more complicated and, in addition to winds and waves, requires knowledge and understanding of ice material properties and its trends. On one hand, no traditional statistical approach is possible since in the past for most of the Arctic Ocean there was limited wave activity. Extrapolations of the current trends into the future are not feasible, because ice cover and wind patterns in the Arctic are changing. On the other hand, information on the mean and extreme wave properties is of great importance for oceanographic, meteorological, climate, naval and maritime applications in the Arctic Seas.