Дисертації з теми "Atlantico SubTropicale"
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Braga, Martim Mas e. "Frontal system changes in the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-09042018-112125/.
Повний текст джерелаA transição entre os oceanos Atlântico Sul e Austral é marcada por um sistema frontal que inclui tanto a Corrente do Atlântico Sul quanto a Corrente Circumpolar Antártica (CCA). Na porção oeste da bacia, acredita-se que a posição meridional das frentes que compõem este sistema controla o aporte de águas quentes para o Atlântico pelo Vazamento das Agulhas. Mudanças nos regimes subtropical e polar associadas ao sistema que marca o limite entre o giro subtropical e a CCA são investigadas através dos resultados da componente oceânica do modelo do National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), o Community Earth System Model (CESM). O gradiente meridional, bem como valores específicos de altura da superfície do mar são usados para identificar e acompanhar a posição destas frentes oceânicas. A comparação da posição da Frente Subtropical no limite leste do Atlântico Sul com as mudanças na temperatura e salinidade, assim como no transporte da Corrente das Agulhas e do campo de ventos sobrejacente, é feita para determinar quais as forçantes da variabilidade frontal nesta região e suas consequências no transporte de volume entre o Índico e o Atlântico. Resultados sugerem que a Frente Subtropical não é o limite sul do giro subtropical, mas responde às mudanças no \"Supergiro\", especialmente à expansão do Giro Subtropical do Oceano Índico.
Lisboa, Leonardo Kleba. "Dinâmica da vegetação ripária em riachos de Mata Atlântica subtropical." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/101006.
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O aporte de detritos vegetais alóctones é de suma importância para a dinâmica energética de riachos florestados de cabeceira, influenciando na estruturação das comunidades aquáticas. Padrões de aporte e composição desse material estão diretamente relacionados com o tipo e a integridade da vegetação ripária, e são influenciados pelo clima e geomorfologia local. Poucos estudos sobre o tema têm sido feitos em riachos de Mata Atlântica, e são ainda mais raros em ambiente subtropical. O objetivo da presente dissertação foi avaliar padrões temporais de aporte e composição da matéria orgânica (MO) vegetal alóctone em um riacho de Floresta Ombrófila Densa preservada (capítulo 1), e determinar a influência da composição e biomassa dos detritos foliares do estoque bêntico na estruturação espaço-temporal das comunidades de invertebrados aquáticos associados em riachos com diferentes graus de integridade da vegetação ripária (capítulo 2). Foram realizados experimentos entre agosto de 2010 a agosto de 2011 no riacho Cachoeira Grande (preservado), e até junho de 2011 no riacho Ribeirão Grande (impactado), ambos localizados na mesma bacia, coberta por Floresta Ombrófila Densa subtropical. O experimento de dinâmica da vegetação ripária evidenciou uma participação muito maior do aporte lateral, em detrimento ao vertical, na incorporação direta de MO ao riacho, superando também os valores do aporte terrestre e estoque bêntico. Houve grande variação temporal na quantidade e na composição do detrito vegetal ao longo do ano, influenciada principalmente pela precipitação e padrões fenológicos. As principais espécies na dinâmica da MO do riacho foram Schizolobium parahyba, Ficus eximia, Virola bicuhyba, Ficus adhatodifolia, Cupania vernalis e Tetrorchidium rubrivenium. Para comunidade de invertebrados aquáticos, a riqueza de espécies do detrito, assim como temperatura da água, biomassa de galhos e condutividade foram responsáveis pela variação espacial entre os riachos. A variação temporal na distribuição da comunidade em ambos ocorreu em função da temperatura da água e precipitação, mas apenas para o preservado a quantidade de folhas foi importante. A variação no riacho impactado foi mais pronunciada. Os resultados descrevem um padrão de aporte diferente dos encontrados na literatura, e demonstram a importância da integridade da vegetação ripária no fornecimento de subsídios e estabilidade da comunidade de invertebrados aquáticos em riachos de cabeceira. Assim, se evidencia a importância da integridade das zonas ripárias para os sistemas aquáticos, enfatizando a necessidade de conservação e recuperação dessas áreas.
Input of allochthonous leaf litter is extremely important for energetic dynamics of forested headwater streams, influencing the aquatic communities' structures. Patterns of input and composition of this material are directly related to riparian vegetation type and integrity, and respond to local climate and geomorphology. Little attention to this issue has been paid for Atlantic Forest streams, and studies are even rarer in subtropical environments. The objectives of the present dissertation were to evaluate temporal patterns of input and composition of vegetable allochthonous organic matter (OM) in a preserved Atlantic Rain Forest stream (chapter 1), and determine the influence of benthic leaf litter biomass and composition on aquatic invertebrate communities' temporal-space structure in streams with different riparian vegetation integrity states (chapter 2). Experiments were undertaken between August/2010 and August/2011 for Cachoeira Grande (preserved) stream, and until June/2011 in Ribeirão Grande (impacted) stream, both situated in the same watershed covered by subtropical Atlantic Rain Forest vegetation. Riparian vegetation dynamics experiment showed a higher contribution of lateral input, when compared with vertical input, in direct OM entry into the stream, exceeding values of terrestrial input and benthic stocks. There was a temporal variation in quantity and composition of vegetable litter during the year, controlled mainly by precipitation and phenological factors. The main species of OM dynamics were Schizolobium parahyba, Ficus eximia, Virola bicuhyba, Ficus adhatodifolia, Cupania vernalis e Tetrorchidium rubrivenium. For aquatic invertebrate community, leaf litter species richness, as well as water temperature, branch biomass and conductivity were responsible for spatial variations between the streams. Temporal variation in the distributions of communities of both streams occurred in function of water temperature and precipitation, but just for the preserved one leaf biomass was important. Variation in the impacted stream was more pronounced. The results describe an input pattern distinct from those found in literature, and demonstrate the importance of riparian vegetation integrity on providing subsidies and stability of aquatic invertebrate community in headwater streams. Thus, the importance of riparian zone integrity is shown for aquatic systems, which highlights the necessity for conservation and restoration of these areas.
Bouman, Heather Alison. "Photosynthetic and optical properties of subtropical North Atlantic phytoplankton." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36401.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPainter, S. C. "New production in the Tropical and Subtropical Atlantic Ocean." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/41336/.
Повний текст джерелаBrearley, James Alexander. "Upper ocean transport variability in the subtropical North Atlantic." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/191959/.
Повний текст джерелаFunke, Michael. "On the subtropical front in the South Atlantic Ocean." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6473.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 64-72).
The region surrounding the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago has received little attention to date due to its remote location. An extensive revision of previous literature covers the majority of oceanographic research undertaken in the region of interest. New satellite derived oceanographic data sets and the SODA Reanalysed model are used to overcome the sparse extent of in-situ data in this region. Using latitudinal temperature gradients to track the surface expression of the Subtropical Front from AMSR and OISST satellite derived sea surface temperature data reveals consistencies with previous literature.
Walker, Carolyn Faye, and n/a. "Nutrient dynamics during winter convection in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre." University of Otago. Department of Chemistry, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090825.142702.
Повний текст джерелаBrown, Peter Jonathan. "Natural and anthropogenic carbon dioxide fluxes in the subtropical North Atlantic." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501750.
Повний текст джерелаLavín, Montero Alicia María. "Climatic changes in temperature and salinity in the subtropical North Atlantic." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54362.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 121-126).
by Alica María Lavín Montero.
M.S.
Cortezi, Matheus Vasconcellos. "Observations of the South Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water using PIES data." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-23032018-141954/.
Повний текст джерелаA água modal subtropical é um grande volume de água no oceano cuja característica principal é a homogeneidade nas estruturas vertical e horizontal. A água modal subtropical do sudoeste do Atlântico é formada entre os meses de julho e outubro perto da confluência Brasil-Malvinas e ao longo da recirculação da Corrente do Brasil. A região de formação se estende na ordem de 3000 km zonalmente, de 20°W a 50°W e 1000 km meridionalmente, de 30°S a 40°S, e tipicamente tem cerca de 170 m de espessura. Dados in situ de ecossondas invertidas com sensor de pressão (PIES) instaladas na porção ocidental da bacia, ao longo de 34,5°S, estão disponíveis a partir de 2009 até o presente. Estes dados após o processamento e calibração podem fornecer uma descrição sem precedentes da Água Modal Subtropical do Atlântico Sul envolvendo processos desde sua formação na superfície até o estágio final de sua permanência no interior do oceano. Os dados de temperatura e salinidade estimados pelos PIES são baseados em tabelas de referência (look-up tables) que relacionam o tempo de retorno do sinal acústico com a estrutura baroclínica do oceano. Esta técnica é conhecida como o Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM),e aqui é usado para detectar perfis contendo segmentos homogêneos de temperatura e salinidade que caracterizam a água modal. Foi aplicada uma correção sazonal ao método GEM para reconstruir a variabilidade da superfície necessária para a formação STMW. A covariância interanual entre a espessura da camada STMW e a corrente do Brasil foi calculada, mas não foi observada correlação significativa naquela escala de tempo. A camada de água em modo detectada foi de cerca de 220 m ± 55 m de espessura em todos os sites, concordando com estudos prévios.
Marsh, Robert. "Variability of water masses and circulation in the subtropical North Atlantic." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42135/.
Повний текст джерелаBahamon, Rivera Nixon. "Dynamics of oligotrophic pelagic environments:North western Mediterranean sea and subtropical north Atlantic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6381.
Повний текст джерелаSpring microplankton metabolism of surface mixed waters in MED was studied. The system was heterotrophic explained by dark community respiration (DCR) rates higher than gross primary production (GPP) rates. The GPP to DCR ratio was ~0.53, indicating that the system was far from balance between carbon production (photosynthesis) and consumption (respiration), probably caused by organic matter accumulation in the mixed layer favouring respiration over production processes.
Summer primary production and nitrogen fluxes in stratified water layers in NA were analysed. The nitrogen flux fuelling new primary production was closely linked to vertical turbulent diffusion at the nitracline rather than at the thermocline. Upward diffused nitrogen inducing new production explaining 21% of total primary production. The vertical turbulent diffusion model used to estimate new production did not explain new production in the Canary Current zone, where laterally advected nutrients from coastal upwelling areas altered the vertical nitrate gradients.
A numerical ecological model of the pelagic domain was developed to assess the plankton response to different environmental pressures. The model represents the vertical dimension of the upper and intermediate water layers of the open ocean. A comparative study of the plankton functioning in MED and NA sites was carried out using the model. The nitrate entering the euphotic zone through the lower boundary explained the low but continuous primary production in the two systems. The latitudinal variability of plankton scenarios implied a year round different solar heating of the upper waters, altering both phytoplankton photosynthesis and mixed layer processes in the water column, with the latter dominating over the former in controlling the phytoplankton biomass. The balance of light availability and nutrient concentration controlled the chlorophyll maximum depth, but the zooplankton grazing prevented this maximum to reach greater concentrations. The model structure and functioning makes it suitable for comparative ecological studies and is expected to be applicable to other studies related to coastal and marine environmental issues.
Zamora, Lauren Maria. "Inputs and Biogeochemical Impacts of Nutrient Deposition on the Subtropical North Atlantic." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/477.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Gao. "A study of tropospheric photochemistry in the subtropical/tropical North and South Atlantic." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25887.
Повний текст джерелаReuer, Matthew K. (Matthew Kindt) 1972. "Centennial-scale elemental and isotopic variability in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29060.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 169-187).
The marine geochemistry of the North Atlantic Ocean varies on decadal to centennial time scales, a consequence of natural and anthropogenic forcing. Surface corals provide a useful geochemical archive to quantify past mixed layer variability, and this study presents elemental and isotopic records from the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic. A consistent method for stable lead isotope analysis via multiple collector ICP-MS is first presented. This method is then applied to western North Atlantic surface corals and seawater, constraining historical elemental and isotopic lead variability. Six stable lead isotope profiles are developed from the western and eastern North Atlantic, demonstrating consistent mixed layer, thermocline, and deep water variability. Finally, coralline trace element records, including cadmium, barium, and lead, are presented from the Cariaco Basin. First, a reliable method is developed for stable lead isotope analysis by multiple collector ICP-MS. This study presents new observations of the large (0.7% amu-l), time-dependent mass fractionation determined by thallium normalization, including preferential light ion transmission induced by the acceleration potential and nebulizer conditions. These experiments show equivalent results for three empirical correction laws, and the previously proposed [beta]Pb/[beta]TI correction does not improve isotope ratio accuracy under these conditions. External secondary normalization to SRM-981 provides one simple alternative, and a rationale is provided for this correction. With current intensities less than 1.5x10-12 A, external isotope ratio precision less than 200 ppm is observed (2[sigma]). Matrix effects are significant with concomitant calcium in SRM-981 (-280 ppm at 257 [mu]M [Ca]).
(cont.) With the appropriate corrections and minimal concomitants, MC-ICP-MS can reliably determine 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb ratios of marine carbonates and seawater. Anthropogenic lead represents a promising transient oceanographic tracer, and its historical isotopic and elemental North Atlantic variability have been documented by proxy reconstructions and seawater observations. Two high-resolution surface coral and seawater time series from the western North Atlantic are presented, demonstrating past variability consistent with upper ocean observations. The elemental reconstruction suggests the primary lead transient was advected to the western North Atlantic from 1955 to 1968, with an inferred maximum lead concentration of 205 pmol kg-1 in 1971. The mean 1999 North Atlantic seawater concentration (38 pmol kg-1) is equivalent to 1905, several decades prior to the initial consumption of leaded gasoline in the United States. A 206Pb/207Pb transient from 1968 to 1990 is also observed, lagging the elemental transient by ten years. The provenance of this isotopic record is distinct from Arctic and European ice core observations and supports a 40% ...
by Matthew K. Reuer.
Ph.D.
Patey, Matthew David. "Trace metals and nutrients in aerosols over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/195025/.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Fernanda Marcello de. "Changes in the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre circulation from the 20th into the 21st century." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-09042018-125458/.
Повний текст джерелаAtravés de análises da dinâmica de grande-escala do giro oceânico, proveniente dos resultados de simulação da componente oceânica do Community Earth System Model versão 1 - o Parallel Ocean Program versão 2 (CESM1-POP2) - este estudo se baseia em estudos prévios sugerindo mudanças recentes na circulação dos giros subtropicais globais, com respeito ao oceano Atlântico Sul. Os resultados apontam para uma intensificação da circulação anti-horária e um deslocamento para sul de todo o sistema do giro subtropical. A borda norte do Giro Subtropical do Atlântico Sul (GSAS) é representada pela bifurcação do ramo sul da Corrente Sul Equatorial (CSEs) em Subcorrente/Corrente Norte do Brasil (SCNB/CNB) para norte e Corrente do Brasil (CB) para sul. A Latitude da Bifurcação da CSEs (LBC) determina a partição entre as águas fluindo em direção ao pólo e aquelas fluindo em direção ao equador. Embora seja esperada uma migração para norte da LBC com a aceleração da circulação do giro e consequente aumento do transporte em direção ao pólo, a LBC migra para sul a uma taxa de 0.051o/ano. Esta migração ocorre em conjunto à um aumento substancial na advecção de águas em direção ao equador com o sistema CSEs-LBC-SCNB, o qual está incluso no ramo superior da Circulação de Revolvimento Meridional do Atlântico.
Mildner, Tanja Carolin [Verfasser], and Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Eden. "Past and present ocean dynamics in the western subtropical Atlantic / Tanja Carolin Mildner. Betreuer: Carsten Eden." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042753989/34.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Ligia Sauaya. "Reconstruction of the ocean circulation in the subtropical western South Atlantic during the last 40,000 years." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21136/tde-18022019-155731/.
Повний текст джерелаA célula de revolvimento meridional do Atlântico (AMOC) desempenha um papel central no transporte inter-hemisférico de calor e mudanças em sua intensidade têm profundo impacto sobre o clima global. Distúrbios na AMOC supostamente também estariam associados a alterações pretéritas na produtividade marinha e absorção oceânica de dióxido de carbono atmosférico, que contribuíram para mudanças no clima global e levaram à terminação do último ciclo glacial. Embora o Atlântico Sul constitua importante rota para o fluxo de retorno da AMOC, impactos de alterações na AMOC especialmente na porção subtropical do Atlântico Sudoeste ainda permanecem elusivos. Neste estudo, registros de alta resolução de propriedades da camada superior da coluna de água e de produtividade foram utilizados para reconstruir a evolução de condições oceanográficas na porção subtropical do Atlântico Sudoeste ao longo dos últimos 40,000 anos. Os indicadores empregados se baseiam na composição de assembleias faunísticas e de isótopos estáveis de oxigênio em foraminíferos planctônicos de testemunho sedimentar marinho coletado na margem continental sul do Brasil (27°S). Os principais resultados deste estudo revelam, pela primeira vez, aumento de produtividade primária na porção subtropical do Atlântico Sudoeste durante Heinrich Stadials ao longo do último glacial, quando a AMOC apresentou reduzida intensidade. Adicionalmente, o presente estudo revela diminuição de produtividade primária durante o Último Máximo Glacial e Younger Dryas, quando a AMOC apresentou apenas moderada redução. O declínio de produtividade mais proeminente é observado após o início do Holoceno, quando a AMOC recuperou sua intensidade. Os resultados do presente trabalho também revelam que, de modo geral, condições similares ao glacial prevaleceram no princípio do Holoceno, antes de completa retomada da AMOC. Plenas condições interglaciais apenas teriam se estabelecido há cerca de 9,000 anos, quando a AMOC foi completamente revigorada; embora plena configuração interglacial tenha sido abruptamente interrompida em meados do Holoceno, acompanhando repentina redução da AMOC. Estes resultados sugerem que o impacto da AMOC na porção subtropical do Atlântico Sudoeste teria desempenhado um papel crítico não apenas durante o último glacial, mas também ao longo da transição glacial-interglacial e mesmo sob plenas condições interglaciais. A principal hipótese deste estudo é de que as mudanças observadas foram ocasionadas por dinâmicas da Corrente do Brasil primariamente induzidas por distúrbios na AMOC.
Mauk, Rachel Grant. "Tropical Cyclone Formation in Environments with Cool SST and High Wind Shear over the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean (1975-2005)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275445016.
Повний текст джерелаAguilar, Tulia Isabel Martinez. "Dinâmica sazonal do ictioplâncton em uma área costeira subtropical - Ubatuba, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-13022019-143346/.
Повний текст джерелаStudies on the ecology of fish eggs and larvae in coastal regions are important to understand the biology of species, since this developmental stage is the most critical in its life cycle. This study aims to describe the temporal variation of ichthyoplankton community in a fixed sampling station at Ubatuba-SP (23º 36.79’ S; 44º 53.46’ W), and to evaluate its relation with the local hydrographical regime along a year, February/2014 to February/2015. To better understand the study area, we performed: an analysis of water masse percentages, composition, density and temporal distribution of larval fishes and a principal component analysis (PCA). The main results show the high influence of Coastal Water (≥50%) in the first 10 m depth on all sampling months. The Tropical Water was not recognized with high percentages (≥50%), with exception on June and July. ACAS occurs with high percentages (≥50%) on February, October, November and December /2014. Chlorophyll-a was 1.98±1.25 mg m-3, in campaigns with high ACAS influence, while under low ACAS influence the average chlorophyll-a was 1.04±0.71 mg m-3. Total biomass was highest for 50μm zooplankton and lowest for 200μm ones. A total of 2,446 larvae were collected and 1,906 were identified, totaling 17 orders, 25 families, 23 genera and 26 species. Occurrence frequency of Paralichthyidae and Sciaenidae was superior than 80% and density higher than 40 larvae 100 m-3. For Ophidiidae and Carangidae, occurrence frequency was 58 and 67%, respectively. According the PCA, three groups of species were formed, whose occurrence frequence and density vary during the year, especially in light of the greater or lesser influence of the ACAS.
Poulton, Alex James. "Spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton community composition in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic ocean (40NÌŠ-40SÌŠ)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249992.
Повний текст джерелаEvans, Helena Kay. "Spatial and temporal reconstructions of surface deepwater flow in the subtropical NW Atlantic at sharp climatic transitions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54674/.
Повний текст джерелаMarcolin, Catarina da Rocha. "Plankton and particle biomass size spectra on the Southwest Atlantic: Case studies in tropical and subtropical areas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-12052014-173357/.
Повний текст джерелаO tema central desta tese é a aplicação da teoria do espectro de biomassa normalizado (NBSS, em inglês) no estudo de sistemas planctônicos em áreas costeiras e oceânicas, no Atlântico Sudoeste tropical e subtropical. Eu avaliei os parâmetros do NBSS em diferentes situações ambientais na Plataforma Continental Brasileira e a utilidade desses índices para inferir sobre produtividade. O LOPC e o ZooScan são sistemas ópticos recentemente desenvolvidos para detectar e mensurar a distribuição de tamanhos de partículas e zooplâncton in situ e em laboratório, respectivamente. Eu apresento dois estudos de caso: o primeiro lida com a variabilidade espacial sobre o banco de Abrolhos e áreas adjacentes oceânicas em latitudes tropicais, enquanto o segundo enfatiza a variabilidade temporal de comunidades planctônicas ao longo de 5 anos numa estação fixa na plataforma interna em uma localidade subtropical (Ubatuba, SP). O conjunto de dados consistiu de perfis verticais obtidos com o LOPC e com rede de plâncton, malha de 200-m. Eu observei o acúmulo de partículas < 1 mm na picnoclina e acima desta de forma consistente. Ambos inclinação e intercepto das retas ajustadas ao NBSS responderam à condições ambientais contrastantes em ambas as áreas; associamos interceptos maiores e inclinações mais negativas com maior produtividade do plâncton. Os principais resultados indicam: i) que a estratificação é um fator chave na distribuição vertical de partículas e do plâncton, ii) os parâmetros do NBSS como indicadores de diferentes condições ambientais e iii) que a Água Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS, fria e rica em nutrientes) tem um importante papel na estruturação da distribuição de tamanhos acima do Banco de Abrolhos e proximidades e ao largo de Ubatuba. Os parâmetros do NBSS, associados com informações sobre a composição taxonômica e distribuição do plâncton foram importantes para avaliar a influência de feições oceanográficas sobre a dinâmica do mesozooplâncton em diferentes ecossistemas no Atlântico Sudoeste
Walicka, Kamila. "Impacts of basin-scale forcing on the circulation of the Faroe-Shetland Channel." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2019. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=240735.
Повний текст джерелаPollock, Anna L. "Mid-Holocene Speleothem Climate Proxy Records from Florida and Belize." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5548.
Повний текст джерелаSobral-Souza, Thadeu 1985. "Distribuição espacial e sazonalidade na borboleta Heliconius sara apseudes (Nymphalidae: Heliconiini) em uma floresta subtropical, no litoral do sudeste brasileiro." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316310.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A ecologia de populações busca entender a variação na abundância das espécies no tempo e no espaço. Espécies que possuem ciclos de vida de curta duração, como a maior parte dos insetos, se tornam especialmente convenientes para essa finalidade. Este estudo examinou os padrões de abundância durante o ano 2009 de uma borboleta tropical próximo ao limite de sua distribuição geográfica, no sudeste do Brasil, em uma localidade subtropical. Neste trabalho, Heliconius sara apseudes foi estudada ao longo de uma estrada no Vale do Rio Quilombo, próximo à cidade de Santos, SP, Brasil, usando a metodologia de captura, marcação, liberação e recaptura (CMLR). Foram marcados 498 indivíduos de Heliconius sara (378 machos e 120 fêmeas) sendo 27,7% destes recapturados. Em 2009, indivíduos adultos de ambos os sexos apareceram na área na última semana de abril, sendo que os machos tiveram pico no início do mês de maio enquanto as fêmeas no fim do mês de abril. Os machos sempre foram muito mais abundantes que as fêmeas, independente da parte da estrada e da época do ano. Durante abril, plantas floridas, que servem de alimento para os adultos, eram abundantes. A abundância de adultos se manteve alta de abril a julho, seguido por um período de crescente raridade até sumir da área no início de outubro. Espacialmente, a abundância de H. sara foi maior na unidade demográfica 2 (final da estrada), próxima à serra, quando comparada com o início. A atividade, número de indivíduos voando, foi maior no final da estrada do que no início. Indivíduos marcados em diferentes segmentos da estrada se mostraram altamente residentes (96%). Os poucos que se dispersaram mais que 100 m (6 entre 138 recapturas) eram machos. O tempo médio de permanência no local foi de 18,8 dias para recapturas, com uma permanência máxima de 86 dias para machos e de 44 dias para fêmeas. Por fim, o comprimento da asa anterior (CAA) das fêmeas foi superior (2mm) ao dos machos. Diferente de H. sara de populações de Carajás - PA e de Linhares - ES que apresentam adultos ativos o ano inteiro, a população do Vale do Rio Quilombo aparentemente recruta de forma concentrada no mês de abril e some sem vestígios em outubro, ou mantêm populações baixas ou persiste em refúgios ecológicos sazonais
Abstract: Population ecology seeks to understand the variation in species abundance in time and space. Species that have life cycles of short duration, like most insects, is especially convenient for this purpose. This study examined patterns of abundance during one year in a tropical butterfly near the limit of geographical distribution, in southeastern Brazil, in a subtropical location. In this work, Heliconius sara apseudes was studied along of road in the Quilombo River Valley, near of Santos' city, SP, Brazil, using the method of capture, marking, release and recapture. 498 individuals were marked (378 males and 120 females) being 27.7% of those recaptured. In 2009, individuals of both sexes appeared in the last week of April, and the males had peaks in the beggining of the month of May while the females at the end of April. Males have always been much more abundant than females, regardless of road part and of the season. During April, flowering plants, which provide food for the adults were abundant. The abundance of adults remained high from April to July, followed by a period of rarity increasing until disappear in the area in early October. Spatially, the abundance of H. sara was higher in the second demographic unit (final Road), near the mountains, when compared with the beginning. The activity, number of individuals flying, was bigger in the end of the road than at the beginning. Individuals marked in different segments of the road were shown highly residents. The few that were dispersed more than 100 m (6 of 138 recaptures) were males. The average length of stay in place was 18.8 days for recaptures, with a maximum stay of 86 days for males and 44 days for females. Finally, the length of forewing of females was higher (2mm bigger) than the males. There was an increase in the size of the wings of males advancing years, perhaps due to better survival of larger butterflies. Different of H. sara populations further north that have active adults throughout the year, the population of Quilombo River Valley apparently recruits in concentrated form in April and disappears without a trace in October, or maintaining low populations or persisting in seasonal ecological refuges
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ecologia
Zhuravleva, Anastasia [Verfasser]. "Paleoceanographic and climatic teleconnections between the subarctic and subtropical North Atlantic during the last interglacial (MIS 5e) / Anastasia Zhuravleva." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163603759/34.
Повний текст джерелаFerreira, Márcio Borges. "Caracterização da Água Modal Subtropical na região da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-02082017-145650/.
Повний текст джерелаThe Brazil-Malvinas confluence zone (BMCZ) is an energetic region of the South Atlantic Ocean where the Brazilian Current (BC) and the Malvinas Current (MC) meet. As a convergence area of Western Boundary Currents (WBC), it is marked by intense horizontal temperature gradients. The inclination of isopycnals in the warm side of WBC convergence zone enables the formation of mode water at the end of winter. The study of subtropical mode waters in the South Atlantic is still incipient compared to similar investigations conducted in other regions of the world. The first oceanographic cruise specifically dedicated to the study of mode waters in the BMCZ and the BC retroflection helped verify the anisotropy of such extensive water masses, whose maximum and minimum thickness and depth vary mainly with the latitude where these phenomenon occur. Data derived from Argo profilers released during the cruise and currently still operating in the BMCZ, support this observation and indicate the northern limit of the formation region of the Southwestern Atlantic subtropical mode water (SASTMW) near latitude 34°S. Comparison of in situ results with those obtained from a 4-years simulation with the HYCOM ocean model, indicates similar anisotropy and northern limit of the formation area. Despite its relatively small length, this time series enabled the first estimation of the SASTMW volume, and a preliminary validation of the processes involved in the dissipation of newly formed SASTMW. The use of satellite altimetry data for the computation of heat content in the study area helped conclude that the instability observed in the time series of the HYCOM model output is due to mesoscale dynamics near the convergence zone of the BC and the MC. Analysis of heat content in the region where the oceanographic cruise was conducted helped identify the existence of different patterns in heat content, that coincide with typical formation areas but not with areas where SASTMW is already submerged.
Belo, Wellington Ceccopieri. "A Recirculação Interna do Giro Subtropical do Atlântico Sul e a Circulação Oceânica na Região do Pólo Pré-sal da Bacia de Santos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21132/tde-20042012-152310/.
Повний текст джерелаThe inner recirculation cells of the subtropical gyres are defined due to their subdivision into anti-cyclonic circulation features near the western boundary. The mean pattern of the inner recirculation structure of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (SASG) differs from those originally proposed by Tsuchiya (1985), Reid (1989) and Stramma & Peterson (1991). We found the inner recirculation double-partitioned and zonally-confined in the SASG western boundary, in the central portion of the Santos Basin. The northern recirculation cell (NRC) spans from Vitória- Trindade Chain (20º S) to 25-28º S, being shallower and more evident in the upper ocean circulation. The southern recirculation cell (SRC) spans from 30º S to 40º S, being vertically thicker. These recirculation structures show important seasonal variations and slant differences on the circulation pattern: the NRC is more baroclinic while the SRC is more barotropic. The analysis based on different data sets revealed intense mesoescale activity in the SASG inner recirculation that influences the oceanic circulation in the Pre-salt Cluster of the Santos Basin. The mesoescale features prevail on the Brazil Current - Intermediate Western Boundary Current (BC-IWBC) domain as long as on the NRC\'s return flux. The standard-deviation and the mean of these flows have similar magnitudes, respectively. Indeed, the variability of the flow masks the recirculation signal in the NRC area. Maps of standard-deviation from Absolute Dynamic Topography (std-TDA) showed a region adjacent to the western boundary, attributed to the mean flows horizontally sheared and probably their flux instability. The southsouthwestern meandering BC flow has maximum surface velocity of 0,8 m s-1 and 600 m deep base jet. Parallel to it, the north-northeastern meandering NRC return flux of the inner recirculation of the SASG has 0,5 m s-1 maximum surface velocity and 300 m deep base jet. This shearing region between the BC and the NRC return flux jets has 2,5-3º (or 277-330 km) width in the central portion of the Santos Basin at 28º S. Pairs of cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies succeed flowing paralleled and confined within it configuring a \'Vorticity Corridor\' likestructure. Therefore, this variability region modules the horizontal behavior of the BC and the relative weaker and shallower NRC return flows in the Santos Basin. Vertically, the variability is essentially of 1st baroclinic mode. Great part of it occupies the first 400-600 m water depth, with no predominant direction. We found seasonal stratification, which the geostrophic adjustment is mainly of 2nd baroclinic mode, with 83 (64) % adjust for the zonal (meridional) mean profile. Albeit of relative weaker mean flows (0,1-0,2 m s-1), the study area is eddy dominated wich are geostrophically adjusted to the 1st baroclinic mode. On the frequency domain, we found that the waves that propagate on the corridor have vertical variability with no dominant period and disperse energy (\'red noise\'), while horizontal surface variability showed intra-seasonal periods characteristic from large and mesoescale processes. Based on the physical reasons that could dynamically support the inner recirculation process, we focused on the mechanical forcing of the wind, by developing a linear quasi-geostrophic viii (QG) 1½ layer analytical model. We followed the classical Munk (1950) wind-driven model. We succeeded on reproducing the main features of the SASG based on an idealized wind. The stream-function (? ) output maps we computed from this model, based on 8 different zonal mean wind shear stress (WSS) climatology data sets, revealed us an inter-seasonal variation between 30-40º S. This suggests that the inner recirculation would dislocate meridionally according to seasonal variations of the WSS fields. Under realistic boundary conditions and by using three theoretical winds we found the inner large-scale recirculation feature of the SASG, meridionally-elongated and zonally-confined in the western boundary, as well as its doublepartition. The modeled results implies that the wind forcing, the western boundary viscous layer, and the realistic geometry of the continental shelf break are the mechanisms that explains in first order the inner recirculation of the SASG in mean terms, by a simple and linear dynamics. However, we recognize that other process not quantitatively evaluated would help to explain the partition of the inner recirculation of the SASG. The proposed scenario for this interruption of the recirculation at 25-28º S would involve the coupling process between sea surface temperature (SST) gradients and changes on the WSS magnitudes, in a baroclinically unstable wave propagation area. This coupling would enhance the most unstable meanders growth rate, which are associated to a weaker western boundary current, the BC (Spall, 2006). We hypothesized that these combined processes, recurring in a time frame, could physically explain the interruption of the inner recirculation of the SASG mean feature in the Santos Basin at 25-28º S. Additionally, the oceanic circulation process in the study area would not only be large scale wind-driven, but also driven by a thermohaline component and by a second order eddy-forcing due to cleavages/amalgams among eddy features. The existence of a Munk boundary layer can be consequence of the mean eddy interaction in the Vorticity Corridor region. These aspects could explain the high variability characteristic on the oceanic circulation we observed in the Pre-salt Cluster of the Santos Basin.
Brambilla, Elena. "The upper limb of the North Atlantic overturning circulation investigation of the subtropical-subpolar gyre exchange and Subpolar Mode Water /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3237551.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed December 12, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Bernardo, Piero Silveira. "Estudo da variação espaço-temporal da Água Modal Subtropical do Atlântico Sul." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-24022017-162716/.
Повний текст джерелаMode waters are oceanic formations characterized by layers of nearly homogeneous properties. This feature can be observed both at low temperature and salinity vertical gradients, as in low potential vorticity (PV) values. Therefore, to evaluate the formation of South Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (SASTMW) the In Situ Analysis System (ISAS - IFREMER) data set was used for the period between 2002 and 2014 for the 20ºS to 45ºS region. Jointly with the criteria set by Sato e Polito (2014) for the identification of the SASTMW were applied a new temperature range (13ºC a 16ºC) and the use of a vertical temperature gradient (dT/dz = 0.02ºCm-1 both in surface, between June and November, as in the subsurface throughout the year. Thus, the selected profiles were used to evaluate changes in the volume of the layers of SASTMW. Within the surface layer data, we sought to identify profiles that had been recently affected by the local convection, which is the main mechanism for the formation of mode water, only between July to October. Thereby, we reduced the maximum PV value of the profiles to 1.2 × 10-11 m-1 s-1. From the application of this more restrictive criteria, we calculated the SASTMW monthly formation rate (Δf) between 2002 and 2009 to compare with the estimated formation rate (ΔF) from the Walin (1982) theory, using the data from the project Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux). The Δ f showed a mean value lower than the ΔF rate, indicating the need to evaluate a broader set of processes that affect the SASTMW formation, in addition to the heat balance through the surface.
Repschläger, Janne [Verfasser]. "Impact of deglacial and Holocene AMOC changes on the mixed layer and deepwater hydrography of the subtropical North Atlantic / Janne Repschläger." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138979546/34.
Повний текст джерелаTuchen, Franz Philip [Verfasser], Joke [Akademischer Betreuer] Lübbecke, and Mojib [Gutachter] Latif. "The Atlantic Subtropical Cells : mean state and variability from an observational perspective / Franz Philip Tuchen ; Gutachter: Mojib Latif ; Betreuer: Joke Lübbecke." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221599798/34.
Повний текст джерелаParker, Wesley G. "Holocene Climate Change in the Subtropical Eastern North Atlantic: Integrating High-resolution Sclerochronology and Shell Midden Archaeology in the Canary Islands, Spain." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583155239092873.
Повний текст джерелаFeucher, Charlène. "Structure de la stratification dans les gyres subtropicaux et sa variabilité décennale dans l'océan Atlantique Nord." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0082/document.
Повний текст джерелаSubtropical gyres are central to the observed climate changes throughout the last decades. It is observed between the surface and the permanent pycnocline an intense increase in the ocean heat content. The permanent pycnocline delineates thus an important heat reservoir. The permanent pycnocline has a major role in preventing heat to reach the deep ocean and it thus of a relative importance in the context of climate change. For the first time and thanks to the development of the Argo array, we have been able to characterize the observed structure of the permanent pycnocline. The objective of this PhD thesis is to investigate the structure of the permanent pycnocline and its variability over the last decades. We developed an objective method to characterize the properties of the permanent pycnocline. This method has been first applied to the North Atlantic Ocean with Argo data and then to the global ocean. A complex structure of the permanent pycnocline emerges with strong differences from one gyre to another. The permanent pycnocline is found to be the deepest and the thickest in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. It implies that the North Atlantic subtropical gyre is the largest heat reservoir on Earth. Then, ocean reanalyses have been used to investigate the changes in the permanent pycnocline properties in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Over the last decades, there is a strong warming of the upper ocean, especially in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. The warming in the ocean is dominated by the heaving of isopycnal surfaces. This heaving strongly affects the depths of isopycnals and the stratification. This in turn affects the properties of the permanent pycnocline, especially its depth and potential density
Desbruyères, Damien. "Variabilité de la circulation méridienne de retournement et du contenu de chaleur dans le gyre subpolaire de l'Atlantique Nord." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0074/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) of the North Atlantic ocean is a key component of the global climate system, through its role in redistributing heat, freshwater end chemical properties between low and high latitude regions. In mid-high latitude regions, the North Atlantic Current (NAC) forms the upper limb of the MOC. It flows northeastward at the subtropical/subpolar boundary, and splits into two main branches in the eastern subpolar gyre: a northern branch that recirculates within the subpolar region and a southern branch that feed the Nordic Seas.A realistic eddy-permitting simulation (ORCA025-G70, 1/4°) is combined with a Lagrangian analysis tool (ARIANE) to investigate the MOC variability (1965-2004) across the A25-Ovide line, which joins Greenland to Portugal. Two vertical overturning cells are identified: a subtropical cell connecting low and high latitudes (12Sv) and a cell internal to the subpolar gyre (4Sv). The decadal MOC variability is associated with synchronized transport changes of the subtropical and subpolar inflow within the NAC. The latter undergoes important horizontal restructuring with opposed transport changes of its northern and southern branches. Those horizontal transport changes are largely induced by the horizontal variability of the subtropical inflow.Changes in oceanic heat transport across A25-Ovide are largely responsible for the observed heat content changes in the eastern subpolar gyre (1965-2004). Heat transport variability at A25-Ovide results from an imbalance between opposed changes in its velocity and temperature components. Both temperature and velocity anomalies are partly reflected in large scale heaves of isopycnals, and potentially relate to the varying proportion of warm subtropical waters and cold subpolar waters advected within the northern NAC branch.A 2000’s mean full-depth circulation computed along the merged AR7W/A25-Ovide line from repeated hydrographic profile and altimetry data indicates a minor contribution of the Labrador Sea to the basin wide mean MOC. However, the strength of the diapycnal overturning at AR7W has almost halved between the 1990’s and the 2000’s, confirming the importance of the region for the low-frequency MOC Variability
Dutra, Lívia Márcia Mosso. "Ciclones subtropicais sobre o Atlântico Sul: análise da estrutura dinâmica de eventos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-14052012-132233/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to investigate the synoptic and dynamic processes of a sample of subtropical cyclones that occurred near the east coast of South America. A cyclonic vorticity maximum tracking algorithm and the Cyclone Phase Space (CPS) algorithm are used to track and to classify the life cycle evolution of the cyclones. By automating these algorithms, it was possible to perform the analysis of the phase diagrams of all the cyclones occurred in the Subtropical Atlantic during 2008, 2009 and March 2010. The synoptic conditions for two events were analyzed from the period prior to the genesis until the decay of the systems, and the heat and vorticity balance equations were used to investigate the thermodynamic and dynamic processes. Although with low intensity in terms of central pressure, the cyclones had a major impact on the weather conditions in their regions of occurrence, and the 925 hPa maximum sustained winds exceeded 15 m/s for several hours. Both selected cyclones, at least at a time of its subtropical phase, had a peak of warm horizontal advection at higher levels, whilst the warm horizontal advection at lower levels showed weak intensity. In the hybrid stages of both cyclones, the diabatic term was responsible for warming trends at low levels. However, during the extratropical transition in one of the cyclones, the direction of the near-surface turbulent fluxes reversed and the diabatic term began to contribute to cooling trends at low levels. In the upper troposphere, it was found that in some regions that featured large positive values of the thermodynamic equation diabatic term, there was also a significant negative residual of the vorticity equation. In these regions, the convective processes can explain the observed vorticity imbalances. For other regions and levels, at which there was no direct relationship between the residual fields, it is suggested here that convection influences the local variations of vorticity in a more distributed way in the atmospheric column, as well as the divergence associated with the vertical velocities can be more distributed throughout the troposphere, without being concentrated at only some levels.
Prado, Luciana Figueiredo. "A interação oceano-atmosfera no Atlântico sul e o paleociclo hidrológico na porção leste da América do Sul durante o Holoceno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-17082015-140451/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work investigates the air-sea interaction processes in eastern South America and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean for the Holocene (past 12,000 years). The effects of the natural forcings on climate variability were investigated in three time-scales: (i) millennial-to-centennial: effects of Atlantic meltwater pulses and changes in the solar and orbital forcings on the South Atlantic subtropical dipole, and rainfall impacts during the Holocene; (ii) mid-Holocene scenario: effects of changes in the orbital forcing, in comparison to the present-day conditions, on mean precipitation over the continent, during the mid-Holocene (6,000 years ago). This was achieved through an unpublished multiproxy compilation and comparison with numerical experiments; (iii) multidecadal: effects of changes in the volcanic forcing along the past millennium (850 to 1850 Common Era) on the variability of the Atlantic equatorial mode and consequences on precipitation over South America. Results show effects of the Northern Hemisphere cooling events on the variability of the South Atlantic subtropical dipole, with impacts mainly over Northeastern Brazil\'s rainfall. The mid-Holocene scenario results indicate a water deficit in eastern South America during this period related to a decrease in Southern Hemisphere summer insolation. The difficulty in marine cores sampling is identified as one of the main problems in current paleoclimate studies. The explosive volcanism observed during the past millennium cooled the tropical regions at the year of the volcanic eruption, and weakened the relation between the precipitation in eastern South America and the Atlantic equatorial mode. This thesis shows through data-model approaches the importance of the Atlantic Ocean on South America precipitation regimes in the climate timescales where the anthropogenic forcing was not so relevant. 195 pp.
Santos, Anita Stival dos. "Efeitos de filtros ambientais nos padrões de diversidade de árvores na floresta atlântica do sul do Brasil sob uma perspectiva de metacomunidades." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/106403.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding patterns of species diversity and composition across multiple scales is one of the main purpose in ecology and biogeography. The relative importance of the mechanisms that structure plant communities and how they interact to influence these patterns remains a topic of hot debate. In the present study, we use data from the Forest Inventory of Santa Catarina to investigate the patterns of species diversity of subtropical Atlantic forests and its relationships with environmental heterogeneity on a metacommunity perspective (species-sorting). The key prediction of this viewpoint is that community composition varies in response to differences in environmental conditions among habitat patches. Our study focused on this perspective, aiming to understand how environmental filtering processes interact directly and indirectly on diversity patterns in an area of 95000 km 2 (data from 432 forest plots). We employed structural equation modeling (PLS Path Modeling) to disentangle the interactive effects of topography, climate, water-energy balance, and geometry of forest patches upon the alpha and beta diversity of a subtropical forest metacommunity in southern Brazil. Factors related to environmental filtering showed substantial effects upon tree alpha and beta diversity. The total amount of variation in beta diversity explained by environmental filtering was high (64%) and was even more when together with alpha diversity (73%), corroborating the prediction of species-sorting model at the metacommunity level. Climatic extremes, water-energy balance and alpha diversity were the key determinants of beta diversity and patch size and water- energy balance the key determinants of alpha diversity in the South Brazilian Atlantic forests. Partial mantel test showed that environmental effects occurred largely independent of spatial effects, reinforcing the tested prediction. Our study provides strong empirical support for the prediction that beta diversity primarily reflects deterministic factors associated with species niches and their responses to environmental conditions in the studied spatial scale.
Cenci, Bruna Treviso. "Efeitos da elevação do dióxido de carbono atmosférico e da mudança climática na fixação de carbono em Araucaria angustifolia." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6695.
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O aumento das concentrações de CO2 atmosférico no último século deve impactar a produtividade primária dos ecossistemas. Esse efeito pode ser direto e positivo, devido a um mecanismo de fertilização, ou de modo indireto (positivo ou negativo) através de mudanças climáticas. Evidências sobre variação no balanço de carbono de florestas nas últimas décadas indicam respostas neutras em regiões boreais, positivas em regiões temperadas e negativas nos trópicos. Especificamente para florestas subtropicais há pouca evidência acerca de como a produtividade primária responde a esses fatores de mudança global. Nesse trabalho, investigamos como a produtividade primária de uma conífera arbórea dominante em florestas subtropicais úmidas do SE da América do Sul (Araucaria angustifolia) tem sido afetada ao longo do último século pelas concentrações de CO2 e consequentes alterações climáticas. Para uma população dessa espécie, testamos a validade das seguintes hipóteses: (i) o incremento de CO2 atmosférico afeta a taxa de fixação de carbono indiretamente, através do impacto do aquecimento global nos regimes regionais de temperatura e precipitação; e (ii) além desse efeito indireto, o incremento de CO2 afeta diretamente a taxa de fixação de carbono através de um mecanismo de fertilização. Para uma amostra inicial de 25 árvores de A. angustifolia de 0,33 ha de floresta subtropical madura no sul do Brasil, estimamos séries de incremento anual de carbono no lenho de 14 árvores, a partir de séries dendrocronológicas codatadas de largura de aneis (de um estudo preexistente) e de densidade de aneis (por densitometria de Raios X); e equações hipsométrica (ajustada à população local) e volumétrica (geral para a espécie). As séries individuais foram combinadas numa série média de índices de incremento de carbono (vetor I), filtrando previamente tendências ontogenéticas (pela Curva Regional de Padronização) e autocorrelação temporal (por modelos autoregressivos). Comparando I à séries regionais de temperatura média e precipitação total (estimativas do CRU TS4), através de Função de Correlação, selecionamos variáveis climáticas relacionadas à fixação de carbono (matrizes P e T). Dados instrumentais de concentração de carbono atmosférico (NOAA EARL) e estimativas de temperatura global (CRU TEM4) compuseram as matrizes C e A, respectivamente. Finalmente, a validade dos modelos causais descrevendo as relações entre as matrizes I, T, P, A e C segundo as diferentes hipóteses de estudo, foi testada por Análise de Caminhos. A cronologia de índices residuais de incremento de carbono obtida cobriu o período 1890 a 2014, com médias de rbar = 0,27 e EPS = 0,77. Nas análises subsequentes consideramos o período de 1901 a 2008 (período comum com as séries climáticas). Ambos modelos não foram rejeitados na Análise de Caminhos (P > 0,1), sendo o modelo que representa a hipótese i considerado mais plausível pelo maior p-valor para a estatística C de Fisher (Fisher-C = 9,25, gl = 10, P = 0,508). Nesse modelo, o aquecimento global decorrente da elevação do CO2 afeta negativamente o incremento de carbono em A. angustifolia através da elevação da temperatura de maio prévio na região. Além deste fator climático, as precipitações de março e junho prévios afetam a fixação de carbono de modo positivo, porém ambas não são influenciadas pelo CO2 através do aquecimento global. Em conjunto, as variáveis climáticas explicaram 19% da variação temporal do incremento de carbono das árvores. Esses resultados demonstram que, apesar do conhecido impacto positivo do aumento do CO2 na eficiência do uso água nessa espécie (e sítio) isso não se traduz em maior produtividade primária, possivelmente pelo carácter ombrófilo do clima regional. Por outro lado, a mudança para outonos com temperatura mais elevadas tem resultado em menor produtividade primária de A. angustifolia ao longo do último século. Sendo esta espécie dominante e com papel chave na estrutura trófica, este efeito negativo da mudança climática na sua produtividade, possivelmente, pode impactar indiretamente a estrutura e o funcionamento dos ecossistemas em que insere.
The increase in the concentrations of atmospheric CO2 in the last century must impact ecosystems primary productivity. This effect may be direct and positive, due to a fertilization mechanism, or indirect (positive or negative) through climate changes. Evidences on the variation of carbon balance in forests in the last decades indicate neutral responses in boreal regions, positive in temperate regions and negative in the tropics. There is little evidence about how primary productivity responds to these global changing factors in subtropical forests. In this study, we investigate how the primary productivity of a dominant conifer in subtropical moist forests of the Southeast region of South America (Araucaria angustifolia) has been affected throughout the last century by elevated CO2 concentrations and consequent climate alterations. For a population of this species, we have tested the validity of the following hypothesis: (i) the increase of atmospheric CO2 indirectly affects the rate of carbon fixation, through the impact of global warming in the local temperature and rainfall regimes; and (ii) besides this indirect effect, the increment in CO2 directly affects the rate of carbon fixation through a fertilization mechanism. In an initial sample of 25 A. angustifolia trees from 0,33 ha of mature subtropical forest in the south of Brazil, we estimated annual series of wood carbon content for 14 trees using series of dendrochronologically dated growth-ring widths (from a preexisting study) and growth-ring densities (by X ray densitometry), and hypsometric (adjusted to local population) and volumetric (general for the species) equations. The individual series were combined in an average index series of carbon increment (I vector), previously removing ontogenetic tendencies (through Regional Curve Standardization) and time autocorrelation (by autoregressive models). By comparing I to regional series of mean temperature and total rainfall (estimations of CRU TS4) through a Correlation Function, we selected several climatic variables related to carbon fixation (P and T matrices). Instrumental data of atmospheric C concentration (NOAA EARL) and estimations of global temperature (CRU TEM4) composed matrices C and A, respectively. Finally, the validity of causal models describing the relations among matrices I, T, P, A e C according to the different hypothesis of the study, was tested through Path Analysis. The resulting chronology of residual indexes of carbon increment comprehended the period of 1890 to 2014, with averages of rbar = 0,27 and EPS = 0,77. In the subsequent analysis, we considered the period of 1901 to 2008 (common period with the climate series). Both models were not rejected in the Path Analysis (P > 0,1), and the model which represents the i hypothesis was considered the most plausible by the greater p-value for the Fisher’s C-statistic (Fisher-C = 9.25, gl =10, P = 0.508). In this model, global warmth comes from the elevation of CO2 which negatively affects the increase in carbon content in A. angustifolia through regional temperature elevation (in previous) may. Besides this climatic factor, rainfalls in previous march and june affected carbon fixation in a positive way, although both are not influenced by CO2 through global warming. In summary, climatic variables explained 19% of temporal variation of carbon increase in the trees. These results demonstrate that, despite the known positive impact of CO2 in water use efficiency in this species (and site), this does not translate into a greater primary productivity, possibly by the ombrophilous character of the regional climate. On the other hand, the change into autumns with higher temperatures has resulted in lower primary productivity of A. angustifolia throughout the last century. As this is the dominant species and plays a key role in the trophic structure, this negative effect of the climatic change in its productivity may, possibly, indirectly impact the structure and the operation of the ecosystems in which it is inserted.
Ruckelshausen, Mario [Verfasser], and Augusto [Akademischer Betreuer] Mangini. "Cold-water corals: A paleoceanographic archive; Tracing past ocean circulation changes in the mid-depth subtropical western South Atlantic off Brazil for the last 40 ka BP / Mario Ruckelshausen ; Betreuer: Augusto Mangini." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177381796/34.
Повний текст джерелаArtigue, Lise. "Cycles biogéochimiques océaniques : apports des traceurs élémentaires et isotopiques, l'aluminium et le fer couplés à une approche hydrodynamique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30214.
Повний текст джерелаThe overall objective of this thesis is to further our understanding of ocean biogeochemical cycles (sources, internal cycles, sinks) using tracers present in seawater (the concentration of dissolved aluminium and the isotopic composition of dissolved iron) combined with hydrodynamic tools. Aluminum is used as a tracer from lithogenic sources to the ocean, while iron isotopes tell us about the iron cycle in the ocean. This thesis focuses first on the analysis of water masses of the 22ºN longitudinal section in the North Atlantic carried out in the framework of the GEOTRACES GApr08 campaign. This study combines for the first time an extended optimum multiparameter analysis (eOMPA) of water masses with an estimation of their Lagrangian trajectories from a hydrodynamic model. In addition, the dissolved aluminium (dAl) measurements carried out have made it possible to produce a first section of dAl at 22ºN and these same tools have enabled an advanced analysis. The joint use of the 1D model of surface dust advection-deposition and the eOMPA results highlighted the predominant processes associated with the measured dAl concentrations. (i) At the surface, both advection and deposition of atmospheric dust are essential to explain the observed dAl concentrations, although in the west, an additional external source is required. This source could come either from the Amazon River or from erosion in the Petites Antilles. (ii) Between 200 and 800m, in an area of strong atmospheric deposition (below the Saharan plume), high dAl concentrations result from oceanic transport. The net balance of dissolved-particle interactions, however, is a subtraction of dAl, probably by adsorption onto particles. (iii) Below 800 m, the effect of dissolved-particle interactions is reversed and reversible scavenging results in a net source of dAl. (iv) Below 3340 m, the Snakepit hydrothermal source is found to be a significant local source of dAl. Unlike aluminium, iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for primary production. This micronutrient limits the primary production in 30-40% of the ocean. In the framework of the GEOTRACES KEOPS 1 and 2 campaigns, the Fe isotope measurements presented in this thesis allow the study of micronutrient sources in a naturally fertilized area of the Southern Ocean, the Kerguelen Islands. Our Fe isotope measurements reveal several elements on its cycle. (i) In the absence of external input, the Fe isotope signatures of water masses are preserved over 4500 kilometers, which allows us to use this tracer to follow the origin of Fe in the ocean. (ii) A reducing sedimentary source of dissolved Fe from the Kerguelen Island margin feeds primary production downstream. (iii) A local non-reducing sedimentary source of dissolved Fe impacts the bottom waters of the Kerguelen Plateau stations, but does not appear to contribute significantly to the shallower waters. This result is identified for the first time directly in an HNLC region. This PhD work highlights the key importance of 1) taking into account horizontal transport, if possible quantitatively, in the interpretation of trace element and isotope distributions, and 2) the interactions of dissolved particles, in particular the so-called reversible scavenging process (adsorption-desorption), on the cycles of trace elements and isotopes
Pucci, Marinella Coutinho Jacinto. "Interações tróficas dos peixes e lulas da Baía do Araçá, município de São Sebastião (São Paulo, Brasil): uma abordagem pelo uso de isótopos estáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-13122016-170637/.
Повний текст джерелаThe trophic interactions of 31 fish species and 2 squid species of the Araçá Bay, São Sebastião (São Paulo, Brazil), were investigated through carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes. The δ13C of the species ranged from -17.2‰ to -12.1‰, and the δ15N, from 10.0‰ to 14.5‰. The δ13C data of the producers and consumers indicated that the species analysed are part of the pelagic and benthic trophic webs, and have phytoplankton, microphytobenthos and organic matter from the sediment as the base of the food web. Higher values of δ13C were registered in the summer, linked to the higher values at the base. The trophic positions of the species varied between 3.18 e 4.72, an indication that they act as secondary and tertiary-quaternary consumers. The diet composition of fish, evaluated trough the isotope mixing model, showed high contribution of prey, such as Polychaeta, Tanaidacea and Ophiuroidea, groups highly abundant in the Bay and the adjacent São Sebastião Channel. The intake of available prey in the intertidal region and in the Channel revealed the importance of the fish and squid as nutrient pathway links, coupling the pelagic-benthic systems and the sublittoral and intertidal regions of the Araçá Bay.
Braun, Aviva J. Evans Jenni L. "A comparison between South Atlantic and Tasman Sea subtropical storms." 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3379/index.html.
Повний текст джерела"Dynamics of oligotrophic pelagic environments:North western Mediterranean sea and subtropical north Atlantic." Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-1205102-113102/.
Повний текст джерелаDiaz, Dante. "The effect of radiative transfer on the Atlantic subtropical anticyclone and hurricane steering." 2007. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11052007-103739.
Повний текст джерелаAdvisor: T. N. Krishnamurti, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Meteorology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed March 25, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 68 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
Hulme, Andrew L. "Comparative and case study analyses of tropical transition events in the subtropical Atlantic." 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/191913573.html.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-92).
Li, Laifang. "Influence of the North Atlantic Subtropical High on Summer Precipitation over the Southeastern United States." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8722.
Повний текст джерелаThe Southeastern United States (SE US) is one of the fastest developing regions of the nation, where summer precipitation becomes increasingly important to sustain population and economic growth. In recent decades, the variability of SE US summer precipitation has significantly intensified, leading to more frequent and severe climate extremes. However, the processes that have caused such enhanced climate variability have been poorly understood. By analyzing atmospheric hydrological cycle, diagnosing atmospheric circulation dynamics, and performing regional climate simulations, this dissertation investigates the mechanisms responsible for SE US summer precipitation variability.
Analysis of regional moisture budget indicates that the variability of SE US summer precipitation is primarily controlled by moisture transport processes associated with the variation of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) western ridge, while local water recycling is secondary. As the ridge moves northwestward (NW) into the US continent, moisture transport pathway is away from the SE US and the upward motion is depressed. Thus, rainfall decreases over the SE US, leading to dry summers. In contrast, when the ridge moves southwestward (SW), moisture convergence tends to be enhanced over the SE US, facilitating heavier rainfall and causing wetter summers. However, as the ridge is located relatively eastward, its influence on the summer precipitation is weakened. The intensified precipitation variability in recent decades is attributed to the more frequent occurrence of NW- and SW-type ridges, according to the "NASH western ridge - SE US summer precipitation" relationship.
In addition, the "NASH western ridge - SE US summer precipitation" relationship acts as a primary mechanism to determine general circulation model (GCM) and regional climate model (RCM) skill in simulating SE US summer precipitation. Generally, the state-of-the-art GCMs that are capable of representing the abovementioned relationship perform better in simulating the variability of SE US summer precipitation. Similarly, the RCM simulated summer precipitation bias over the SE US is largely caused by the errors in the NASH western ridge circulation, with the physical parameterization playing a secondary role.
Furthermore, the relationship between the NASH western ridge and SE US summer precipitation well explains the projected future precipitation changes. According to the projection by the ensemble of phase-5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models, summer precipitation over the SE US will become more variable in a warming climate. The enhancement of precipitation variability is due mainly to the atmospheric circulation dynamics, resulting from the pattern shift of the NASH western ridge circulation. In a warming climate, the NASH circulation tends to intensify, which forces its western ridge to extend further westward, exerting stronger impact on the SE US summertime climate. As the ridge extends westward, the NW- and SW-type ridges occur more frequently, resulting in an increased occurrence of extreme summers over the SE US.
In summary, the studies presented in this dissertation identify the NASH western ridge as a primary regulator of SE US summer precipitation at seasonal scale. The "NASH western ridge - SE US summer precipitation" relationship established in this study serves as a first order mechanism for understanding and simulating processes that influence the statistics of extreme events over the SE in the current and future climate.
Dissertation
Fries, Michael John. "The subtropical origins of a late season tropical cyclogenesis event in the North Atlantic Basin." 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58525872.html.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-99).