Статті в журналах: "ATCC 53103"

1

SALMINEN, SEPPO J., and D. C. DONOHUE. "Safety Assessment of Lactobacillus Strain GG (ATCC 53103)." Nutrition Today 31, Supplement 1 (November 1996): 16S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-199611001-00005.

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Fan, Xuejing, Kenan Zhang, Zongcai Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Xue Lin, Xin Liu, Zhen Feng, and Huaxi Yi. "Ribosome Profiling Reveals Genome-Wide Cellular Translational Regulation in Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 under Acid Stress." Foods 11, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101411.

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During fermentation and food processing, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 can encounter many adverse conditions, and acid stress is one of them. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of acid stress on the global translational and transcriptional regulation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103. Two pH values (pH 6.0 vs. pH 5.0) were applied, the effects of which were studied via ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing assay. Under acid stress, many genes showed differential changes at the translational and transcriptional levels. A total of 10 genes showed different expression trends at the two levels. The expression of 337 genes—which mainly participated in the ABC transporters, amino acid metabolism, and ribosome functional group assembly pathways—was shown to be regulated only at the translational level. The translational efficiency of a few genes participating in the pyrimidine and amino acid metabolism pathways were upregulated. Ribosome occupancy data suggested that ribosomes accumulated remarkably in the elongation region of open reading frame regions under acid stress. This study provides new insights into Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 gene expression under acid stress, and demonstrates that the bacterium can respond to acid stress with synergistic translational and transcriptional regulation mechanisms, improving the vitality of cells.

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3

Savino, Francesco, Paola Montanari, Ilaria Galliano, Valentina Daprà, and Massimiliano Bergallo. "Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) for the Management of Infantile Colic: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061693.

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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 together with the maternal diet avoidance of cow’s milk in treating infantile colic. Methods: Forty-five colicky breastfed infants were consecutively randomized to receive L. rhamnosus for 28 days at a dosage of 5 × 109 cfu per day or placebo. Faecal samples were collected from each subject before starting supplementation and at the end of the study period and were immediately analysed. Faecal calprotectin was detected via a quantitative assay. The total bacterial load and selected bacterial species were evaluated using real-time TaqMan PCR. Results: After supplementation for 28 days with Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, median full-force daily crying was reduced (104 versus 242 min, p < 0.001) and the values of faecal calprotectin decreased significantly (p = 0.026). Furthermore, the probiotic increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (p = 0.048) and total bacteria (p = 0.040); all these effects were not observed in the placebo group. Conclusion: Infants treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 for 28 days, in association with the elimination of cow’s milk from the maternal diet, presented some interesting features related to the effect of this probiotic treatment: reductions in crying time and faecal calprotectin, with increased total bacteria and Lactobacillus. To validate these results, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on a larger cohort is required.

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Asahara, Takashi, Masatoshi Takahashi, Koji Nomoto, Hiroo Takayama, Masaharu Onoue, Masami Morotomi, Ryuichiro Tanaka, Teruo Yokokura, and Naoya Yamashita. "Assessment of Safety of Lactobacillus Strains Based on Resistance to Host Innate Defense Mechanisms." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 1 (January 2003): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.1.169-173.2003.

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ABSTRACT Seven Lactobacillus strains belonging to four species were evaluated for pathogenicity as well as for in vitro sensitivity to the bactericidal mechanisms of macrophages in a rabbit infective endocarditis (IE) model. Two bacteremia-associated strains, L. rhamnosus PHLS A103/70 and L. casei PHLS A357/84, as well as the L. rhamnosus type strain and the probiotic L. rhamnosus strain ATCC 53103, showed moderate infectivity, and the virulence of the probiotic L. casei strain Shirota and type strains such as L. acidophilus ATCC 4356T and L. gasseri DSM 20243T in the model was negligible. The strains that showed pathogenic potential in the rabbit IE model (PHLS A357/84, PHLS A103/70, and ATCC 53103) were more resistant than strain Shirota to intracellular killing activity by mouse macrophages in vitro and also to bactericidal nitrogen intermediates, such as nitric oxide and NO2 − ions. These results suggest that resistance to host innate defense systems, which would function at inflammatory lesions, should be considered in the safety assessment of Lactobacillus strains.

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Morita, Hidetoshi, Hidehiro Toh, Kenshiro Oshima, Masaru Murakami, Todd D. Taylor, Shizunobu Igimi, and Masahira Hattori. "Complete Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 24 (October 9, 2009): 7630–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01287-09.

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ABSTRACT Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a facultatively heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium and is frequently isolated from human gastrointestinal mucosa of healthy individuals. L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103, isolated from a healthy human intestinal flora, is one of the most widely used and well-documented probiotics. Here, we report the finished and annotated genome sequence of this organism.

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6

Landersjö, Clas, Zhennai Yang, Eine Huttunen, and Göran Widmalm. "Structural Studies of the Exopolysaccharide Produced byLactobacillusrhamnosusstrain GG (ATCC 53103)." Biomacromolecules 3, no. 4 (July 2002): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm020040q.

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7

Korpela, Riitta, Eeva Moilanen, Maija Saxelin, and Heikki Vapaatalo. "Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and platelet aggregation in vitro." International Journal of Food Microbiology 37, no. 1 (June 1997): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(97)00049-4.

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8

Nikoskelainen, Sami, Seppo Salminen, Göran Bylund, and Arthur C. Ouwehand. "Characterization of the Properties of Human- and Dairy-Derived Probiotics for Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Fish." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 2430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.6.2430-2435.2001.

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ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the potential probiotic properties of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) intended for human use, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103,Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. rhamnosus LC 705, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, and Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, and one for animal use, Enterococcus faecium Tehobak, for use as a fish probiotic. The strains for human use were specifically chosen since they are known to be safe for human use, which is of major importance because the fish are meant for human consumption. The selection was carried out by five different methods: mucosal adhesion, mucosal penetration, inhibition of pathogen growth and adhesion, and resistance to fish bile. The adhesion abilities of the seven LAB and three fish pathogens, Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum, were determined to mucus from five different sites on the surface or in the gut of rainbow trout. Five of the tested LAB strains showed considerable adhesion to different fish mucus types (14 to 26% of the added bacteria). Despite their adhesive character, the LAB strains were not able to inhibit the mucus binding of A. salmonicida. Coculture experiments showed significant inhibition of growth of A. salmonicida, which was mediated by competition for nutrients rather than secretion of inhibitory substances by the probiotic bacteria as measured in spent culture liquid. All LAB except L. casei Shirota showed tolerance against fish bile. L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. bulgaricus were found to penetrate fish mucus better than other probiotic bacteria. Based on bile resistance, mucus adhesion, mucus penetration, and suppression of fish pathogen growth,L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. bulgaricus can be considered for future in vivo challenge studies in fish as a novel and safe treatment in aquaculture.

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9

Serra, Stefano, Davide De Simeis, Stefano Marzorati, and Mattia Valentino. "Oleate Hydratase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103: A FADH2-Dependent Enzyme with Remarkable Industrial Potential." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091051.

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Recently, we described the preparation of the recombinant oleate hydratase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103. We observed that the purified C-terminal His-tagged enzyme was completely inactive and the catalytic activity was partially restored only in presence of a large amount of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In the present work, we assess that this hydratase in the presence of the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2) is at least one hundred times as active as in the presence of the same concentration of FAD. By means of two different biochemical processes, we demonstrated unambiguously that oleate hydratase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 is a FADH2-dependent enzyme. As a first relevant application of this discovery, we devised a preparative procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of (R)-10-hydroxystearic acid. Accordingly, the hydration of oleic acid (up to 50 g/L) is performed on a multigram scale using the recombinant hydratase and FADH2 generated in situ as cofactor. The produced (R)-10-hydroxystearic acid (ee > 97%) precipitates from the reaction solvent (water/glycerol/ethanol) and is conveniently recovered by simple filtration (>90% yield).

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10

Drago, L., V. Rodighiero, R. Mattina, M. Toscano, and E. De Vecchi. "In VitroSelection of Antibiotic Resistance in the Probiotic StrainLactobacillus rhamnosusGG ATCC 53103." Journal of Chemotherapy 23, no. 4 (August 2011): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.2011.23.4.211.

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11

Xu, Ying, Shufang Wu, Jiaxuan He, Chengyan He, Panxue Wang, Qiao Zeng, and Fulian Yang. "Salt-induced osmotic stress stimulates selenium biotransformation in Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103." LWT 131 (September 2020): 109763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109763.

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12

Mekkes, M. C., T. C. Weenen, R. J. Brummer, and E. Claassen. "The development of probiotic treatment in obesity: a review." Beneficial Microbes 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2012.0069.

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Recent studies suggested that manipulation of the composition of the microbial ecosystem in the gut might be a novel approach in the treatment of obesity. Such treatment might consist of altering the composition of the microbial communities of an obese individual by administration of beneficial microorganisms, commonly known as probiotics. Here, we intend to contribute to the developmental process of probiotic treatment of human obesity. The aim is to review the evidence regarding the potential effect of probiotic strains on reduction of weight and body fat. A literature study was conducted focusing on clinical trials that examined the effect of specific microorganisms on body weight control. Analysis of the eligible articles pointed out that Lactobacillus gasseri SBT 2055, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, and the combination of L. rhamnosus ATCC 53102 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 may reduce adiposity, body weight, and weight gain. This suggests that these microbial strains can be applied in the treatment of obesity. Furthermore, short chain fatty acid production and low grade inflammation were found as the underlying mechanisms of action that influence metabolism and affect body weight. These findings might contribute to the development of probiotic treatment of obesity. Further research should be directed to the most effective combination and dosage rate of probiotic microorganisms.

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13

Sunny‐Roberts, E. O., E. Ananta, and D. Knorr. "Flow cytometry assessment ofLactobacillus rhamnosus GG(ATCC 53103) response to non‐electrolytes stress." Nutrition & Food Science 37, no. 3 (May 29, 2007): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650710749080.

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14

Shehata, Hanan R., and Steven G. Newmaster. "Enumeration of Probiotic Strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) Using Viability Real-time PCR." Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 13, no. 6 (September 30, 2021): 1611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09849-6.

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15

Olejnik, Ewa, Anna Biernasiuk, Anna Malm, and Jolanta Szymanska. "Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of selected mouthwashes: in vitro studies." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2021-0029.

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Abstract Introduction. Mouthwashes should include antimicrobial compounds to inhibit microorganism multiplication, thus the formation and development of dental plaque. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal effectiveness of mouthwashes depending on their active ingredients. Material and methods. In the study, the effect of antibacterial and antifungal properties of mouthwashes on reference bacterial and yeast-like fungi strains was examined. The first type of the assessed mouthwashes contained only sodium fluoride or sodium fluoride and amine fluoride as active ingredients, while the second type contained sodium fluoride and cetylpyridinium chloride. In the study, a well diffusion method was used to test microorganisms constituting natural or pathogenic microflora of oral mucosa. The used reference microorganisms came from the ATCC: L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, S. mutans ATCC 25175, and Candida yeasts: C. albicans ATCC 2091, C. albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida krusei ATCC 14243. Results. The mouthwashes containing sodium fluoride and cetylpyridinium chloride showed an inhibitory effect against a greater number of reference strains used in the study than did mouthwashes that contained only sodium fluoride (or sodium fluoride and amine fluoride) as active ingredients. Against the four reference strains of Candida genus, the mouthwashes with an inorganic and organic fluoride compound showed no or minimum inhibitory effect or were much less effective than the mouthwashes that also contained cetylpyridinium chloride. Conclusion. Mouthwashes containing multiple ingredients with different antimicrobial mechanisms show synergistic action against the bacterial and fungal microflora responsible for the accumulation of dental plague.

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16

MONTEAGUDO-MERA, A., I. CARO, L. B. RODRÍGUEZ-APARICIO, J. RÚA, M. A. FERRERO, and M. R. GARCÍA-ARMESTO. "Characterization of Certain Bacterial Strains for Potential Use as Starter or Probiotic Cultures in Dairy Products." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-392.

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The present work was aimed at characterizing 12 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to obtain improved potential starter or probiotic cultures that could be used for making dairy products from ewe's milk and cow's milk. Eight strains with antimicrobial properties, isolated from ewe's milk and from cheese made from ewe's and/or cow's milk, were studied. They were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (five strains), Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (one strain of each species). Additionally, four strains were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection: Lactobacillus casei 393 (isolated from cheese), L. lactis subsp. lactis 11454 (origin nonspecified and a producer of nisin), and two strains isolated from human feces (L. paracasei subsp. paracasei 27092 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 53103, antibacterial agent producer). All E. faecalis strains showed at least one virulence factor (either hemolysin or gelatinase), which emphasizes the importance of these studies in this species. Both L. lactis strains and most Lactobacillus spp. were good acidifiers in ewe's milk and cow's milk at 30°C. High β-galactosidase activity, as well as aminopeptidase activities that favor the development of desirable flavors in cheese, were detected in all Lactobacillus spp. strains. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 showed α-fucosidase activity (thought to help colonization of the intestine) and lack of α-glucosidase activity (a trait considered positive for diabetic and obese humans). This last enzymatic activity was also lacking in L. lactis ATCC 11454. L. mesenteroides was the only strain D(−)-lactic acid producer. The selection of any particular strain for probiotic or dairy cultures should be performed according to the technological and/or functional abilities needed.

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17

Lebeer, Sarah, Tine L. A. Verhoeven, MÃ¯Â¿Â½nica Perea VÃ¯Â¿Â½lez, Jos Vanderleyden, and Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker. "Impact of Environmental and Genetic Factors on Biofilm Formation by the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 21 (September 7, 2007): 6768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01393-07.

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ABSTRACTLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (ATCC 53103) is one of the clinically best-studied probiotic organisms. Moreover,L. rhamnosusGG displays very good in vitro adherence to epithelial cells and mucus. Here, we report thatL. rhamnosusGG is able to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, in contrast to other strains of theLactobacillus caseigroup tested under the same conditions. Microtiter plate biofilm assays indicated that in vitro biofilm formation byL. rhamnosusGG is strongly modulated by culture medium factors and conditions related to the gastrointestinal environment, including low pH; high osmolarity; and the presence of bile, mucins, and nondigestible polysaccharides. Additionally, phenotypic analysis of mutants affected in exopolysaccharides (wzb), lipoteichoic acid (dltD), and central metabolism (luxS) showed their relative importance in biofilm formation byL. rhamnosusGG.

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18

Dokoohaki, Zahra Noori, Seyed Saeed Sekhavatizadeh, and Saeid Hosseinzadeh. "Dairy dessert containing microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) with quince seed mucilage as a coating material." LWT 115 (November 2019): 108429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108429.

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19

Meurman, J. H., H. Antila, A. Korhonen, and S. Salminen. "Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103) on the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus in vitro." European Journal of Oral Sciences 103, no. 4 (August 1995): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1995.tb00169.x.

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20

Uberos, J., A. Campos-Martinez, E. Fernandez-Marín, I. Cubero Millan, A. Ruiz Lopez, and E. Blanca-Jover. "Effectiveness of two probiotics in preventing necrotising enterocolitis in a cohort of very-low-birth-weight premature new-borns." Beneficial Microbes 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2021.0088.

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According to previous research, the incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) decreases after supplementation with probiotics. However, few studies have considered the equivalence or otherwise of different strains of probiotics in this respect. Accordingly, this prospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of 245 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) new-borns to assess the prevalence of NEC after supplementation with the probiotic Inforan® (Berna Biotech, Madrid, Spain) 250 mg capsules containing 109 cfu of Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 4356) and 109 cfu of Bifidobacterium bifidum (ATCC 15696); or with Bivos® (Ferring, Madrid, Spain) containing Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnnosus (LGG) (ATCC 53103) (109 cfu); or with no probiotic supplementation. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariant regression for the duration of parenteral nutrition, length of neonatal intensive care unit stay, use of oxygen therapy and presence of chorioamnionitis. Of the VLBW new-borns in the study group, 65 received Infloran, 108 received Bivos and 72 received no probiotic. A significant association was observed between a reduced presence of NEC Stage ≥2 and probiotic supplementation. The odds risk (OR) obtained was 0.174 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.032-0.936) for Infloran and 0.196 (95%CI: 0.053-0.732) for Bivos. Therefore, both probiotics are associated with a lower prevalence of NEC in VLBW new-borns, with no significant differences.

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21

Segers, Charlotte, Mohamed Mysara, Amelie Coolkens, Sarah Baatout, Natalie Leys, Sarah Lebeer, Mieke Verslegers, and Felice Mastroleo. "Limnospira indica PCC 8005 or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Dietary Supplementation Modulate the Gut Microbiome in Mice." Applied Microbiology 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 636–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol2030049.

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While dietary supplements can have beneficial effects on the health of the intestine, these effects can come with unresolved issues in terms of therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action. In this study, the model probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 and the anciently used dietary supplement Limnospira indica strain PCC 8005 were compared for their effects on murine intestinal ecology. Healthy male mice received either saline or suspensions of living cells of L. indica PCC 8005 or L. rhamnosus GG daily along a two-week intervention period, followed by a two-week washout period. Both bacteria-based solutions appeared able to transiently shift the microbial community, which were characterized by a higher relative abundance of members of the butyrate producing Lachnospiraceae and Porphyromonadaceae families.

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KAILA, Minna, Erika ISOLAURI, Epp SEPP, Marika MIKELSAAR, and Seppo SALMINEN. "Fecal Recovery of a Human Lactobacillus Strain (ATCC 53103) during Dietary Therapy of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Infants." Bioscience and Microflora 17, no. 2 (1998): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12938/bifidus1996.17.149.

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23

Saxelin, Maija, Tanja Pessi, and Seppo Salminen. "Fecal recovery following oral administration of Lactobacillus Strain GG (ATCC 53103) in gelatine capsules to healthy volunteers." International Journal of Food Microbiology 25, no. 2 (April 1995): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(94)00091-j.

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24

Jiang, Y., G. Yang, F. Meng, W. Yang, J. Hu, L. Ye, C. Shi, and C. Wang. "Immunological mechanisms involved in probiotic-mediated protection against Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis." Beneficial Microbes 7, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2015.0119.

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic, incurable inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that cause severe diarrhoea, intestinal inflammation, pain, fatigue and weight loss. In this study, we first developed a model of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis and then evaluated the protective effects of selected probiotics on inflammation. The results showed that administration of a combination of probiotics including Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Lactobacillus plantarum A significantly increased the production of CD11c+ dendritic cells in the spleen (3.62% vs phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated control, P<0.01) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). In addition, the presence of probiotics significantly up-regulated the development of CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in MLNs by approximately 2.07% compared to the effect observed in the PBS-treated control (P<0.01) and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-17, tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, by 0.11, 0.11 and 0.15%, respectively, compared to the effect observed in the PBS-treated control (P<0.01).These effects conferred protection against colitis, as shown by histopathological analyses.

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Benyoucef, Fatima, Mohammed El Amine Dib, Boufeldja Tabti, Arrar Zoheir, Jean Costa, and Alain Muselli. "Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima Against Many Pathogenic Microorganisms." Anti-Infective Agents 18, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211352517666190227161811.

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Background: Antibiotic resistance is today one of the most serious threats to global health, food security and development. Due to the growing number of infections, treatment becomes more difficult, if not impossible, because of the loss of antibiotic efficacy. Objective: In the present investigation, the chemical composition of essential oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima and their synergistic effects on antimicrobial activities were investigated. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated using dilution-agar method against nine bacterial strains three Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and six Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300,) Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 7314), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579). Results: The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized principally by carvacrol (44,3%), Limonene (19,3%) and p-cymene (19,2%). The constituents identified of S. candidissima essential oil were principally oxygenated monoterpenes represented by pulegone (70,4%). The essential oil of A. verticillata had a good antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus cereus) with MIC and MBC values between 0.2-0.4 µl/ml and 0.2-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. While, S. candidissima essential oil had moderate antimicrobial activities against all strains with MIC and MBC values between 1.5-6.2 µl/ml and 6.2-12.5 µl/ml, respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity of essential oils blend presented higher antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria with MIC and MBC values between 0.3-1.5 µl/ml and 0.4-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The essential oils blend presented high antimicrobial activity compared to virgin oils. This activity can be due to the association of active compounds such as carvacrol and pulegone. These findings provide a new source of drugs that may help in therapy to lead to the development of a new treatment based on a combination of these essential oils against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that continue to pose a threat to public health.

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Bilkova, A., H. Kinova Sepova, M. Bukovsky, and L. Bezakova. "Antibacterial potential of lactobacilli isolated from a lamb." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 7 (August 11, 2011): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1583-vetmed.

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The antimicrobial properties of three potential probiotic strains of lactobacilli isolated from a lamb (Lactobacillus murinus C, Lactobacillus mucosae D and Lactobacillus reuteri E) were studied using the streak line method and the agar well diffusion assay. The probiotic lactobacilli strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730, Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55845 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 were used for comparison. Using the streak line method the inhibitory activity of lactobacilli products towards ten Gram-positive and Gram-negative potential pathogenic bacteria under different cultivation conditions (anaeorobic or microaerobic preincubation of lactobacilli for 24 h or 48 h) was tested. The strongest inhibitory activity was demonstrated by the Lactobacillus reuteri E strain. The most sensitive strains to the antimicrobial activity of lactobacilli were Yersinia enterocolitica clinical isolate (19.9 ± 6.8 mm) and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 51774 (17.7 ± 6.0 mm) after microaerobic and anaerobic preincubation, respectively. Generally, microaerobic conditions and longer preincubation of lactobacilli resulted in stronger inhibition of target bacteria. The inhibitory activity of lactobacilli towards selected lactobacilli strains was also tested. Only low inhibition of growth was observed. In the agar well diffusion assay the inhibitory effect of natural and modified lactobacilli culture cell-free supernatants, obtained from MRS broth cultures, on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 growth was determined. Supernatants were modified by heat (10 min/60 °C; 60 min/100 °C) and protease treatment and neutralization of pH. Neutralization elicited the most significant impact on the activity of supernatants and resulted in total loss of activity. After all other modifications supernatants retained some residual activity. The highest inhibitory activity was observed for the cell-free supernatant produced by Lactobacillus mucosae D.

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Sabbatini, Samuele, Claudia Monari, Nathalie Ballet, Amélie Cayzeele Decherf, Silvia Bozza, Barbara Camilloni, Stefano Perito, and Anna Vecchiarelli. "Anti-Biofilm Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 Probiotics against G. vaginalis." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091294.

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm where Gardnerella vaginalis plays a key role. Previously, we demonstrated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM (French National Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms) I-3856 is helpful in resolving experimental simulated BV in mice. In this study, we analyzed its capacity to affect G. vaginalis biofilms and to potentiate the activity of standard antimicrobial agents. We also investigated the anti-biofilm activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103), a well-known strain for its intestinal healthy benefits. Biofilm biomass was assessed by crystal violet staining, and G. vaginalis viability was assessed by a colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated that S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as well as L. rhamnosus GG were able (i) to significantly inhibit G. vaginalis biofilm formation, (ii) to markedly reduce G. vaginalis viability among the biomass constituting the biofilm, (iii) to induce disaggregation of preformed biofilm, and (iv) to kill a consistent amount of bacterial cells in a G. vaginalis preformed biofilm. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 strongly potentiates the metronidazole effect on G. vaginalis biofilm viability. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as well as L. rhamnosus GG could be potential novel therapeutic agents against bacterial vaginosis.

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Shehata, Hanan R., and Steven G. Newmaster. "A Validated Real-Time PCR Method for the Specific Identification of Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103)." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no. 6 (May 6, 2020): 1604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa063.

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Abstract Background Strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is one of the best-studied and most widely used probiotic strains, with various health benefits. Because probiotic health benefits and safety are strain specific, the availability of a reliable assay for specific identification of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is vital to ensure probiotic efficacy. Objective To design and validate a probe-based real-time PCR assay for specific identification of strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Method Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) was used to find a unique sequence region in the genome of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. A probe-based assay was designed and evaluated for specificity, sensitivity, efficiency, repeatability, and reproducibility. Results RAST identified a unique gene coding for a hypothetical protein in the genome of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The assay successfully amplified all 22 target samples and did not amplify any of the 28 non-target strains, achieving 100% true positive and 0% false positive results. The Limit of Detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.001 ng. Reaction efficiency values, from three dilution series, were 96.4%, 93.3%, and 96.8% with R square values of 0.9974, 0.9981, and 0.9998, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD, %) of repeatability was below 1% and RSD of reproducibility was below 4%. Conclusions This Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG specific assay proved to be specific, sensitive, efficient, and reproducible. Since the assay was evaluated on two real-time PCR platforms, including a portable one, the assay can be used for onsite testing throughout the supply chain. Highlights The availability of validated and reliable assays for strain-specific identification plays a vital role in achieving compliance in probiotic products.

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Ananta, E., and D. Knorr. "Comparison of inactivation pathways of thermal or high pressure inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 by flow cytometry analysis." Food Microbiology 26, no. 5 (August 2009): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2009.01.008.

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Meurman, J. H., H. Antila, and S. Salminen. "Recovery ofLactobacillusStrain GG (ATCC 53103) from Saliva of Healthy Volunteers after Consumption of Yoghurt Prepared with the Bacterium." Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 7, no. 6 (January 1994): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08910609409141368.

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Zheng, Huizhen, Meng Gao, Ying Ren, Ruyun Lou, Hongguo Xie, Weiting Yu, Xiudong Liu, and Xiaojun Ma. "An improved pH-responsive carrier based on EDTA-Ca-alginate for oral delivery of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103." Carbohydrate Polymers 155 (January 2017): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.096.

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Coudeyras, Sophie, Hélène Marchandin, Céline Fajon, and Christiane Forestier. "Taxonomic and Strain-Specific Identification of the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus 35 within the Lactobacillus casei Group." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 9 (March 7, 2008): 2679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02286-07.

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ABSTRACT Lactobacilli are lactic acid bacteria that are widespread in the environment, including the human diet and gastrointestinal tract. Some Lactobacillus strains are regarded as probiotics because they exhibit beneficial health effects on their host. In this study, the long-used probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus 35 was characterized at a molecular level and compared with seven reference strains from the Lactobacillus casei group. Analysis of rrn operon sequences confirmed that L. rhamnosus 35 indeed belongs to the L. rhamnosus species, and both temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and ribotyping showed that it is closer to the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (also known as L. rhamnosus GG) than to the species type strain. In addition, L. casei ATCC 334 gathered in a coherent cluster with L. paracasei type strains, unlike L. casei ATCC 393, which was closer to L. zeae; this is evidence of the lack of relatedness between the two L. casei strains. Further characterization of the eight strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis repetitive DNA element-based PCR identified distinct patterns for each strain, whereas two isolates of L. rhamnosus 35 sampled 40 years apart could not be distinguished. By subtractive hybridization using the L. rhamnosus GG genome as a driver, we were able to isolate five L. rhamnosus 35-specific sequences, including two phage-related ones. The primer pairs designed to amplify these five regions allowed us to develop rapid and highly specific PCR-based identification methods for the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus 35.

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Obanla, Temitayo, Sarah Adjei-Fremah, Rabin Gyawali, Tahl Zimmerman, Mulumebet Worku, and Salam A. Ibrahim. "Effects of Long Term Exposure to Aspirin on Growth, Functionality and Protein Profile of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) (ATCC 53103)." Journal of Food Research 5, no. 4 (June 27, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v5n4p46.

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In the present study, we determined the effects of long-term exposure to aspirin on the growth and functionality of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. One isolated colony of L. rhamnosus was propagated three times in deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth and incubated at 37°C. The active strain was then harvested and washed with 0.1% peptone water. Cells were transferred into 9 mL MRS broth containing approximately 6 mg/mL of aspirin, vigorously mixed and incubated for 4 h. The cells were further harvested, transferred into MRS broth and incubated at 37°C. The exposure protocol was repeated for five sequential transfers a week, and the exposed strain cell was surface plated onto MRS agar containing equal amount of aspirin. One isolated colony of aspirin exposed L. rhamnosus from an aspirin containing agar plate was further activated in MRS broth. This procedure was repeated sequentially for 12 consecutive weeks. Bacterial populations, beta-galactosidase activity (beta-gal), and protein expression were determined. Bacterial cells unexposed to aspirin were used as the control. Our results showed that L. rhamnosus could survive after long term exposure to a sub-inhibitory concentration of aspirin. The average beta-gal activity of L. rhamnosus in unexposed cells was 153 ± 2.5 Gal U.; however, beta-gal activity was completely inhibited in exposed cells throughout the exposure period. There was approximately 54% more protein expressed in the long term aspirin-exposed strain compared to the short term exposed (4 h) strain as determined by BCA assay. In addition, the SDS-page gel indicated the synthesis of more protein in the exposed L. rhamnosus. The onset of common or chronic illnesses, especially among the elderly population, is often treated with common medications. However, regular the intake of medical drugs such as aspirin could affect beneficial gut microflora. Therefore, foods containing probiotics such as yogurt and other functional foods are important for the maintenance of optimal gastrointestinal health.

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Srinivasa, K. H., M. Ganapathi Naik, M. S. Jayashri, K. B. Kushala, H. Harshitha, K. S. Darshan, S. B. Dheeraj, M. S. . Nithin, S. K. Girisha, and T. Suresh. "Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 11774) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae (PS 42571-1) with antagonistic activity, safety and pathogenicity assessments on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus." JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY INDIA 26, no. 1 (November 15, 2022): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/jez.2023.26.1.957.

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Serra, Stefano, Davide De Simeis, Antonio Castagna, and Mattia Valentino. "The Fatty-Acid Hydratase Activity of the Most Common Probiotic Microorganisms." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020154.

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In this work, we studied the biotechnological potential of thirteen probiotic microorganisms currently used to improve human health. We discovered that the majority of the investigated bacteria are able to catalyze the hydration reaction of the unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). We evaluated their biocatalytic activity toward the three most common vegetable UFAs, namely oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. The whole-cell biotransformation experiments were performed using a fatty acid concentration of 3 g/L in anaerobic conditions. Through these means, we assessed that the main part of the investigated strains catalyzed the hydration reaction of UFAs with very high regio- and stereoselectivity. Our biotransformation reactions afforded almost exclusively 10-hydroxy fatty acid derivatives with the single exception of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC SD5212, which converted linoleic acid in a mixture of 13-hydroxy and 10-hydroxy derivatives. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were transformed into (R)-10-hydroxystearic acid, (S)-(12Z)-10-hydroxy-octadecenoic, and (S)-(12Z,15Z)-10-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, respectively, usually with very high enantiomeric purity (ee > 95%). It is worth noting that the biocatalytic capabilities of the thirteen investigated strains may change considerably from each other, both in terms of activity, stereoselectivity, and transformation yields. Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and Lactobacillus plantarum 299 V proved to be the most versatile, being able to efficiently and selectively hydrate all three investigated fatty acids.

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Castagna, Antonio, Davide De Simeis, Erica E. Ferrandi, Stefano Marzorati, Daniela Monti, Stefano Serra, and Mattia Valentino. "Recombinant Oleate Hydratase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103: Enzyme Expression and Design of a Reliable Experimental Procedure for the Stereoselective Hydration of Oleic Acid." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101122.

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Different microbial strains are able to transform oleic acid (OA) into 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA) by means of the catalytic activity of the enzymes oleate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.53). Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 performs this biotransformation with very high stereoselectivity, affording enantiopure (R)-10-HSA. In this work, we cloned, in Escherichia coli, the oleate hydratase present in the above-mentioned probiotic strain. Our study demonstrated that the obtained recombinant hydratase retains the catalytic properties of the Lactobacillus strain but that its activity was greatly affected by the expression procedure. According to our findings, we devised a reliable procedure for the hydration of oleic acid using a recombinant E. coli whole-cell catalyst. We established that the optimal reaction conditions were pH 6.6 at 28 °C in phosphate buffer, using glycerol and ethanol as co-solvents. According to our experimental protocol, the biocatalyst does not show significant substrate inhibition as the hydration reaction can be performed at high oleic acid concentration (up to 50 g/L).

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Sybesma, Wilbert, Douwe Molenaar, Wilfred van IJcken, Koen Venema, and Remco Kort. "Genome Instability in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 7 (January 25, 2013): 2233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03566-12.

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ABSTRACTWe describe here a comparative genome analysis of three dairy product isolates ofLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG) and the ATCC 53103 reference strain to the published genome sequence ofL. rhamnosusGG. The analysis showed that in two of three isolates, major DNA segments were missing from the genomic islands LGGISL1,2. The deleted DNA segments consist of 34 genes in one isolate and 84 genes in the other and are flanked by identical insertion elements. Among the missing genes are thespaCBAgenes, which encode pilin subunits involved in adhesion to mucus and persistence of the strains in the human intestinal tract. Subsequent quantitative PCR analyses of six commercial probiotic products confirmed that two more products contain a heterogeneous population ofL. rhamnosusGG variants, including genotypes with or withoutspaC. These results underline the relevance for quality assurance and control measures targeting genome stability in probiotic strains and justify research assessing the effect of genetic rearrangements in probiotics on the outcome ofin vitroandin vivoefficacy studies.

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Segers, Charlotte, Mohamed Mysara, Amelie Coolkens, Shari Wouters, Sarah Baatout, Natalie Leys, Sarah Lebeer, Mieke Verslegers, and Felice Mastroleo. "Limnospira indica PCC 8005 Supplementation Prevents Pelvic Irradiation-Induced Dysbiosis but Not Acute Inflammation in Mice." Antioxidants 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030572.

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Pelvic irradiation-induced mucositis secondarily leads to dysbiosis, which seriously affects patients’ quality of life after treatment. No safe and effective radioprotector or mitigator has yet been approved for clinical therapy. Here, we investigated the potential protective effects of fresh biomass of Limnospira indica PCC 8005 against ionizing irradiation-induced mucositis and dysbiosis in respect to benchmark probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103. For this, mice were supplemented daily before and after 12 Gy X-irradiation of the pelvis. Upon sacrifice, food supplements’ efficacy was assessed for intestinal barrier protection, immunomodulation and changes in the microbiota composition. While both could not confer barrier protection or significant immunomodulatory effects, 16S microbial profiling revealed that L. indica PCC 8005 and L. rhamnosus GG could prevent pelvic irradiation-induced dysbiosis. Altogether, our data show that—besides benchmarked L. rhamnosus GG—L. indica PCC 8005 is an interesting candidate to further explore as a radiomitigator counteracting pelvic irradiation-induced dysbiosis in the presented in vivo irradiation–gut–microbiota platform.

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Yeo, Soyoung, Hyunjoon Park, Eunsol Seo, Jihee Kim, Byoung Kook Kim, In Suk Choi, and Chul Sung Huh. "Anti-Inflammatory and Gut Microbiota Modulatory Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strain LDTM 7511 in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Murine Model." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060845.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of conditions involving chronic relapsing-remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with an unknown etiology. Although the cause–effect relationship between gut microbiota and IBD has not been clearly established, emerging evidence from experimental models supports the idea that gut microbes play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of IBD. As microbiome-based therapeutics for IBD, the beneficial effects of probiotics have been found in animal colitis models and IBD patients. In this study, based on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, we investigated Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain LDTM 7511 originating from Korean infant feces as a putative probiotic strain for IBD. The strain LDTM 7511 not only alleviated the release of inflammatory mediators, but also induced the transition of gut microbiota from dysbiotic conditions, exhibiting the opposite pattern in the abundance of DSS colitis-associated bacterial taxa to the DSS group. Our findings suggest that the strain LDTM 7511 has the potential to be used as a probiotic treatment for IBD patients in comparison to L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103), which has been frequently used for IBD studies.

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Zakharova, I. N., E. Yu Borzova, and M. A. Simakova. "Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: experience in pediatric gastroenterology." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 64, no. 6 (January 16, 2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-6-20-29.

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Human organism is considered as a symbiotic microorganism according to the standpoint of modern science which number of commensal microbes is many times greater than the number of host cells. Normal human microbiota is involved in many physiological processes in the organism, and dysbiosis is associated with the development of a number of diseases. The accumulated knowledge about the composition of the normal microbiome allowed to suggest that its modification can change the course of the disease, and so the study of probiotics was initiated. One of the most studied probiotic strains is Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (GG), ATCC 53103, isolated in 1985. Due to the strain’s resistance to acid and bile, good growth characteristics and the ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelial layer, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is most widely used in a variety of commercially available probiotic products. The article provides a review of the literature on the studies of this probiotic in the treatment and prevention of gastroenterological pathology in children, in particular, current evidence of the effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, as well as the results of studies in necrotizing enterocolitis, functional disorders of the intestine, in the eradication therapy for infection caused by Helicobacter pylori.

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Masebe, Reabetswe D., and Mapitsi S. Thantsha. "Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cell Free Supernatants of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria against Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Avocado and Cucumber Fruits, and from an Avocado Processing Plant." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182872.

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Listeria monocytogenes forms biofilms on food contact surfaces, a niche from where it dislodges to contaminate food products including fresh produce. Probiotics and their derivatives are considered promising alternative strategies to curb the presence of L. monocytogenes in varied food applications. Nonetheless, studies on their anti-biofilm effects against L. monocytogenes from avocados and cucumbers are sparse. This study screened the biofilm formation capabilities of L. monocytogenes strains Avo and Cuc isolated from the avocado and cucumber fruits respectively, and strain 243 isolated from an avocado processing plant; and evaluated the anti-biofilm effects of cell free supernatants (CFS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus La14 150B, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B411 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 against their biofilms formed on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and stainless steel. All the L. monocytogenes strains formed biofilms (classified either as moderate or strong biofilm formers) on these materials. The presence of CFS reduced the biofilm formation capabilities of these strains and disrupted the integrity of their pre-formed biofilms. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed significant reduction of positive regulatory factor A (prfA) gene expression by L. monocytogenes biofilm cells in the presence of CFS (p < 0.05). Thus, these CFS have potential as food grade sanitizers for control of L. monocytogenes biofilms in the avocado and cucumber processing facilities.

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Grześkowiak, Łukasz, Erika Isolauri, Seppo Salminen, and Miguel Gueimonde. "Manufacturing process influences properties of probiotic bacteria." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 6 (November 9, 2010): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510004496.

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Production and manufacturing methods and the food carrier may influence the properties of probiotic strains, and have an impact on the outcome of clinical intervention studies. The aim of the present study was to establish whether the properties of a specific probiotic strain,Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG, may differ depending on the product and source of the strain. In total, fifteen differentL. rhamnosusisolates, among them fourteen labelled asL.rhamnosusGG, were isolated from specific probiotic products. The micro-organisms were phenotypically and genotypically characterised. Their adhesion properties were compared using the human intestinal mucus model, and the ability of the isolates to influence model pathogen adhesion to human colonic mucus was assessed. AllL. rhamnosusisolates used were confirmed as members of the speciesL. rhamnosus. Except the reference strain OL, allL.rhamnosusisolates showed randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles identical to that ofL. rhamnosusGG (ATCC 53103). AllL.rhamnosusisolates showed similar tolerance to acid and were able to bind to human colonic mucus. However, pathogen exclusion by inhibition and competition varied significantly among the differentL. rhamnosusisolates and pathogens tested. The results suggest that different sources of the same probiotic may have significantly altered strain properties. This should be considered inin vivostudies on human subjects and also for quality control of probiotic products.

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Vélez, Mónica Perea, Tine L. A. Verhoeven, Christian Draing, Sonja Von Aulock, Markus Pfitzenmaier, Armin Geyer, Ivo Lambrichts, et al. "Functional Analysis of d-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acid in the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 11 (April 13, 2007): 3595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02083-06.

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ABSTRACT Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a macroamphiphile molecule which performs several functions in gram-positive bacteria, such as maintenance of cell wall homeostasis. d-Alanylation of LTA requires the proteins encoded by the dlt operon, and this process is directly related to the charge properties of this polymer strongly contributing to its function. The insertional inactivation of dltD of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) resulted in the complete absence of d-alanyl esters in the LTA as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. This was reflected in modifications of the bacterial cell surface properties. The dltD strain showed 2.4-fold-increased cell length, a low survival capacity in response to gastric juice challenge, an increased sensitivity to human beta-defensin-2, an increased rate of autolysis, an increased capacity to initiate growth in the presence of an anionic detergent, and a decreased capacity to initiate growth in the presence of cationic peptides compared to wild-type results. However, in vitro experiments revealed no major differences for adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells, biofilm formation, and immunomodulation. These properties are considered to be important for probiotics. The role of the dlt operon in lactobacilli is discussed in view of these results.

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Braegger, Christian. "No Effect of Oral Treatment With an Intestinal Bacterial Strain, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), on Birch Pollen Allergy—A Placebo-Controlled Double Blind Study." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 35, no. 4 (October 2002): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200210000-00028.

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Helin, T., S. Haahtela, and T. Haahtela. "No effect of oral treatment with an intestinal bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), on birch-pollen allergy: a placebo-controlled double-blind study." Allergy 57, no. 3 (March 2002): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.1s3299.x.

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Kaewiad, Kanyanat, Sanae Kaewnopparat, and Nattha Kaewnopparat. "In Vitro Comparison of Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus fermentum SK54 Isolated from New Born Baby with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103." Advanced Materials Research 1060 (December 2014): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1060.215.

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A lactobacillus strain isolated from the feces of a healthy baby was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum SK54. The probiotic properties of this strain including antimicrobial activity, survival in acid, bile, simulated gastric fluid [SGF] and simulated intestinal fluid [SIF], antibiotic susceptibility and adherence to Caco-2 cells were examined and compared them with a well known commercial probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 isolated from human intestine. L. fermentum SK54 and L. rhamnosus GG showed inhibitory properties toward gastrointestinal pathogens i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Shigella sonnei by cylinder-plate assay. The inhibitory substances from L. fermentum SK54 composed of acid substances naturally produced by lactobacilli and high molecular weight proteinaceous compound [MW > 3.5 kDa] which sensitive to proteolytic enzymes, pH stability [pH 2.0-5.0] and heat stability [60, 80, 100°C for 10 min and 121°C for15 min]. L. rhamnosus GG produced only acid inhibitory substances. Both strains survived well at low pH [pH 2.0-4.0], bile salts [0.1-0.3% w/v], SGF and SIF. They also had the same 14 tested antibiotic sensitivity pattern and expressed high adherence to Caco-2 cells. This study provides a rationale to support L. fermentum SK54 as a potential probiotic to prevent or act as a therapeutic agent against pathogenic strains.

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Rossi, Franca, Carmela Amadoro, Maurizio Gasperi, and Giampaolo Colavita. "Lactobacilli Infection Case Reports in the Last Three Years and Safety Implications." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061178.

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Lactobacilli constitute the dominant microbiota in many fermented foods and comprise widely used probiotics. However, these bacteria cause rare infections mostly in diabetic and immunocompromised subjects in presence of risk factors such as prosthetic hearth valves and dental procedures or caries. The scope of this survey was re-assessing the pathogenic potential of lactobacilli based on the infection case reports published in the last three years. In 2019, 2020, and 2021, total of 17, 15, and 16 cases, respectively, including endocarditis, bacteremia, and other infections, were reported. These annual numbers are higher than those observed previously. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (13 cases), comprising strain GG (ATCC 53103) with established applications in healthcare, L. paracasei (7 cases), Lactobacillus acidophilus (5 cases), L. jensenii (5 cases), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (3 cases), L. paraplantarum, L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii, L. gasseri, L. paragasseri, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and L. reuteri (1 case each) were involved. Virulence characterization of two strains that caused infections, a derivative of L. rhamnosus GG and L. paracasei LP10266, indicated that increased biofilm-forming capacity favors pathogenicity and it is determined by variable genetic traits. This survey highlights that the strains of lactobacilli that cause infections are little characterized genetically. Instead, to avoid that these bacteria become a hazard, genetic stability should be periodically re-evaluated by whole genome sequencing (WGS) to ensure that only non-pathogenic variants are administered to vulnerable individuals.

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48

Haskard, Carolyn A., Hani S. El-Nezami, Pasi E. KankaanpÃ¯Â¿Â½Ã¯Â¿Â½, Seppo Salminen, and Jorma T. Ahokas. "Surface Binding of Aflatoxin B1 by Lactic Acid Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 3086–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.7.3086-3091.2001.

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ABSTRACT Specific lactic acid bacterial strains remove toxins from liquid media by physical binding. The stability of the aflatoxin B1 complexes formed with 12 bacterial strains in both viable and nonviable (heat- or acid-treated) forms was assessed by repetitive aqueous extraction. By the fifth extraction, up to 71% of the total aflatoxin B1 remained bound. Nonviable bacteria retained the highest amount of aflatoxin B1.Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103) and L. rhamnosus strain LC-705 (DSM 7061) removed aflatoxin B1 from solution most efficiently and were selected for further study. The accessibility of bound aflatoxin B1 to an antibody in an indirect competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suggests that surface components of these bacteria are involved in binding. Further evidence is the recovery of around 90% of the bound aflatoxin from the bacteria by solvent extraction. Autoclaving and sonication did not release any detectable aflatoxin B1. Variation in temperature (4 to 37Ã¯Â¿Â½C) and pH (2 to 10) did not have any significant effect on the amount of aflatoxin B1 released. Binding of aflatoxin B1 appears to be predominantly extracellular for viable and heat-treated bacteria. Acid treatment may permit intracellular binding. In all cases, binding is of a reversible nature, but the stability of the complexes formed depends on strain, treatment, and environmental conditions.

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49

Álvarez, Beatriz, Kasper Krogh-Andersen, Christian Tellgren-Roth, Noelia Martínez, Gökçe Günaydın, Yin Lin, M. Cruz Martín, Miguel A. Álvarez, Lennart Hammarström, and Harold Marcotte. "An Exopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Efficiently Displays a Protective Llama Antibody Fragment against Rotavirus on Its Surface." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 17 (June 19, 2015): 5784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00945-15.

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ABSTRACTRotavirus is the leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, where it causes a high number of deaths among infants. Two vaccines are available, being highly effective in developed countries although markedly less efficient in developing countries. As a complementary treatment to the vaccines, aLactobacillusstrain producing an anti-rotavirus antibody fragment in the gastrointestinal tract could potentially be used. In order to develop such an alternative therapy, the effectiveness ofLactobacillus rhamnosusGG to produce and display a VHH antibody fragment (referred to as anti-rotavirus protein 1 [ARP1]) on the surface was investigated.L. rhamnosusGG is one of the best-characterized probiotic bacteria and has intrinsic antirotavirus activity. Among fourL. rhamnosusGG strains [GG (CMC), GG (ATCC 53103), GG (NCC 3003), and GG (UT)] originating from different sources, only GG (UT) was able to display ARP1 on the bacterial surface. The genomic analysis of strain GG (UT) showed that the geneswelEandwelFof the EPS cluster are inactivated, which causes a defect in exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, allowing efficient display of ARP1 on its surface. Finally, GG (UT) seemed to confer a level of protection against rotavirus-induced diarrhea similar to that of wild-type GG (NCC 3003) in a mouse pup model, indicating that the EPS may not be involved in the intrinsic antirotavirus activity. Most important, GG (EM233), a derivative of GG (UT) producing ARP1, was significantly more protective than the control strainL. caseiBL23.

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50

Solano-Aguilar, Gloria, Aleksey Molokin, Christine Botelho, Anne-Maria Fiorino, Bryan Vinyard, Robert Li, Celine Chen, et al. "Transcriptomic Profile of Whole Blood Cells from Elderly Subjects Fed Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (LGG) in a Phase I Open Label Study." PLOS ONE 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2016): e0147426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147426.

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