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Статті в журналах з теми "Asy tested finite state machine"
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IBARRA, OSCAR H., TEVFIK BULTAN, and JIANWEN SU. "ON REACHABILITY AND SAFETY IN INFINITE-STATE SYSTEMS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 12, no. 06 (December 2001): 821–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054101000898.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce some new models of infinite-state transition systems. The basic model, called a (reversal-bounded) counter machine (CM), is a nondeterministic finite automaton augmented with finitely many reversal-bounded counters (i.e. each counter can be incremented or decremented by 1 and tested for zero, but the number of times it can change mode from nondecreasing to nonincreasing and vice-versa is bounded by a constant, independent of the computation). We extend a CM by augmenting it with some familiar data structures: (i) A pushdown counter machine (PCM) is a CM augmented with an unrestricted pushdown stack. (ii) A tape counter machine (TCM) is a CM augmented with a two-way read/write worktape that is restricted in that the number of times the head crosses the boundary between any two adjacent cells of the worktape is bounded by a constant, independent of the computation (thus, the worktape is finite-crossing). There is no bound on how long the head can remain on a cell. (iii) A queue counter machine (QCM) is a CM augmented with a queue that is restricted in that the number of alternations between non-deletion phase and non-insertion phase on the queue is bounded by a constant. A non-deletion (non-insertion) phase is a period consisting of insertions (deletions) and no-changes, i.e., the queue is idle. We show that emptiness, (binary, forward, and backward) reachability, nonsafety, and invariance for these machines are solvable. We also look at extensions of the models that allow the use of linear-relation tests among the counters and parameterized constants as "primitive" predicates. We investigate the conditions under which these problems are still solvable.
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Ofazer, Kemal, Sergei Nirenburg, and Marjorie McShane. "Bootstrapping Morphological Analyzers by Combining Human Elicitation and Machine Learning." Computational Linguistics 27, no. 1 (March 2001): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120101300346804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a semiautomatic technique for developing broad-coverage finite-state morphological analyzers for use in natural language processing applications. It consists of three components—elicitation of linguistic information from humans, a machine learning bootstrapping scheme, and a testing environment. The three components are applied iteratively until a threshold of output quality is attained. The initial application of this technique is for the morphology of low-density languages in the context of the Expedition project at NMSU Computing Research Laboratory. This elicit-build-test technique compiles lexical and inØectional information elicited from a human into a finite-state transducer lexicon and combines this with a sequence of morphographemic rewrite rules that is induced using transformation-based learning from the elicited examples. The resulting morphological analyzer is then tested against a test set, and any corrections are fed back into the learning procedure, which then builds an improved analyzer.
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Iqbal, Muhammad, Will N. Browne, and Mengjie Zhang. "Extending XCS with Cyclic Graphs for Scalability on Complex Boolean Problems." Evolutionary Computation 25, no. 2 (June 2017): 173–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A main research direction in the field of evolutionary machine learning is to develop a scalable classifier system to solve high-dimensional problems. Recently work has begun on autonomously reusing learned building blocks of knowledge to scale from low-dimensional problems to high-dimensional ones. An XCS-based classifier system, known as XCSCFC, has been shown to be scalable, through the addition of expression tree–like code fragments, to a limit beyond standard learning classifier systems. XCSCFC is especially beneficial if the target problem can be divided into a hierarchy of subproblems and each of them is solvable in a bottom-up fashion. However, if the hierarchy of subproblems is too deep, then XCSCFC becomes impractical because of the needed computational time and thus eventually hits a limit in problem size. A limitation in this technique is the lack of a cyclic representation, which is inherent in finite state machines (FSMs). However, the evolution of FSMs is a hard task owing to the combinatorially large number of possible states, connections, and interaction. Usually this requires supervised learning to minimize inappropriate FSMs, which for high-dimensional problems necessitates subsampling or incremental testing. To avoid these constraints, this work introduces a state-machine-based encoding scheme into XCS for the first time, termed XCSSMA. The proposed system has been tested on six complex Boolean problem domains: multiplexer, majority-on, carry, even-parity, count ones, and digital design verification problems. The proposed approach outperforms XCSCFA (an XCS that computes actions) and XCSF (an XCS that computes predictions) in three of the six problem domains, while the performance in others is similar. In addition, XCSSMA evolved, for the first time, compact and human readable general classifiers (i.e., solving any n-bit problems) for the even-parity and carry problem domains, demonstrating its ability to produce scalable solutions using a cyclic representation.
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Youssef, Samuel M., MennaAllah Soliman, Mahmood A. Saleh, Mostafa A. Mousa, Mahmoud Elsamanty, and Ahmed G. Radwan. "Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Actuators with Different Orientation Angles Using Echo State Networks for Irregular Time Series Data." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modeling of soft robotics systems proves to be an extremely difficult task, due to the large deformation of the soft materials used to make such robots. Reliable and accurate models are necessary for the control task of these soft robots. In this paper, a data-driven approach using machine learning is presented to model the kinematics of Soft Pneumatic Actuators (SPAs). An Echo State Network (ESN) architecture is used to predict the SPA’s tip position in 3 axes. Initially, data from actual 3D printed SPAs is obtained to build a training dataset for the network. Irregular-intervals pressure inputs are used to drive the SPA in different actuation sequences. The network is then iteratively trained and optimized. The demonstrated method is shown to successfully model the complex non-linear behavior of the SPA, using only the control input without any feedback sensory data as additional input to the network. In addition, the ability of the network to estimate the kinematics of SPAs with different orientation angles θ is achieved. The ESN is compared to a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network that is trained on the interpolated experimental data. Both networks are then tested on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) data for other θ angle SPAs not included in the training data. This methodology could offer a general approach to modeling SPAs with varying design parameters.
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Kaselouris, Evaggelos, Chrysoula Alexandraki, Yannis Orphanos, Makis Bakarezos, Michael Tatarakis, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, and Vasilis Dimitriou. "Acoustic analysis of impact sound on vibrating circular membranes." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A finite element method (FEM) - boundary element method (BEM) model is developed to compute the sound generated by of a force acting on a circular membrane (drumhead). A vibro-acoustic analysis that combines modal FEM analysis, a FEM steady state dynamic analysis (SSD), considering harmonic loading and boundary element acoustics, is performed. The drumhead vibrates due to the force impact and the sound is emitted in the air. The vibration of structural response is initially computed, and the obtained results are set to be the boundary conditions of the acoustic analysis in the vibro-acoustic simulation. The radiated sound can be computed at any point of the solution domain. Various materials used by drumhead manufacturers are tested and a parametric analysis focusing on the mesh density of the models is presented. The impact sound and the acoustical characteristics of the simulated test cases are evaluated. The Rayleigh method is also applied to the acoustic simulations and is further compared to the BEM simulation results. The outcomes of this study may be further used as reverse engineering inputs, to machine learning models for the estimation of the physical and mechanical parameters of drumheads from audio signals.
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Mohmed, Gadelhag, Ahmad Lotfi, and Amir Pourabdollah. "Human Activities Recognition Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Finite State Machine." Technologies 6, no. 4 (November 26, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies6040110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human activity recognition and modelling comprise an area of research interest that has been tackled by many researchers. The application of different machine learning techniques including regression analysis, deep learning neural networks, and fuzzy rule-based models has already been investigated. In this paper, a novel method based on Fuzzy Finite State Machine (FFSM) integrated with the learning capabilities of Neural Networks (NNs) is proposed to represent human activities in an intelligent environment. The proposed approach, called Neuro-Fuzzy Finite State Machine (N-FFSM), is able to learn the parameters of a rule-based fuzzy system, which processes the numerical input/output data gathered from the sensors and/or human experts’ knowledge. Generating fuzzy rules that represent the transition between states leads to assigning a degree of transition from one state to another. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The model is tested and evaluated using a dataset collected from a real home environment. The results show the effectiveness of using this method for modelling the activities of daily living based on ambient sensory datasets. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the standard NNs and FFSM techniques.
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Abu Hassan, Mohd Fadzil, Mohamad Hanif Md Saad, Mohd Faisal Ibrahim, and Aini Hussain. "A Finite State Machine Fall Detection Using Quadrilateral Shape Features." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v7i3.1184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A video-based fall detection system was presented; which consists of data acquisition, image processing, feature extraction, feature selection, classification and finite state machine. A two-dimensional human posture image was represented by 12 features extracted from the generalisation of a silhouette shape to a quadrilateral. The corresponding feature vectors for three groups of human pose were statistically analysed by using a non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test to assess the different significance level between them. From the statistical test, non-significant features were discarded. Four selected kernel-based Support Vector Machine: linear, quadratics, cubic and Radial Basis Function classifiers were trained to classify three human posture groups. Among four classifiers, the last one performed the best in terms of performance matric on testing set. The classifier outperformed others with high achievement ofaverage sensitivity, precision and F-score of 99.19%, 99.25% and 99.22%, respectively. Such pose classification model output was further used in a simple finite state machine to trigger the falling event alarms. The fall detection system was tested on different fall video sets and able to detect the presence offalling events in a frame sequence of videos with accuracy of 97.32% and low computional time.
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Nugraha, Agung Arya Adi, and Desti Fitriati. "GAS LEAK SOURCE DETECTION ROBOT USING FINITE STATE MACHINE MODEL (FSM)." Jurnal Riset Informatika 3, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34288/jri.v3i2.186.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At this time, many gases are at risk in the surrounding area, especially in industrial areas, such as radiological materials and toxic gases that can contaminate the surrounding area as well as the occurrence of gas leaks. From the problem-created gas detection simulation robot using Finite State Machine (FSM) model, the robot can help human work in this case the robot helps detect gas leaks that if faced by humans will be dangerous. The robot was created to detect nearby gases and provide notifications in the event of a gas leak. The robot was tested in several areas to see if the robot could perform the task according to the input given, the trial was conducted 40 times with 4 different arenas, from 40 tests the robot can perform the correct task 37 times and error 3 times so that accuracy results obtained by 92.5%. The creation of this gas detection simulation robot is expected to be developed again as a gas leak detection inspection robot as an early warning system.
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Mohmed, Gadelhag, Ahmad Lotfi, and Amir Pourabdollah. "Enhanced fuzzy finite state machine for human activity modelling and recognition." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 11, no. 12 (April 30, 2020): 6077–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01917-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA challenging key aspect of modelling and recognising human activity is to design a model that can deal with the uncertainty in human behaviour. Several machine learning and deep learning techniques are employed to model the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) representing the human activity. This paper proposes an enhanced Fuzzy Finite State Machine (FFSM) model by combining the classical FFSM with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The learning capability in the LSTM and CNN allows the system to learn the relationship in the temporal human activity data and to identify the parameters of the rule-based system as building blocks of the FFSM through time steps in the learning mode. The learned parameters are then used for generating the fuzzy rules that govern the transitions between the system’s states representing activities. The proposed enhanced FFSMs were tested and evaluated using two different datasets; a real dataset collected by our research group and a public dataset collected from CASAS smart home project. Using LSTM-FFSM, the experimental results achieved $$95.7\%$$ 95.7 % and $$97.6\%$$ 97.6 % for the first dataset and the second dataset, respectively. Once CNN-FFSM was applied to both datasets, the obtained results were $$94.2\%$$ 94.2 % and $$99.3\%$$ 99.3 % , respectively.
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Barkalov, Alexander, Larysa Titarenko, and Slawomir Chmielewski. "VLSI-based synthesis of Moore finite-state-machines targeting telecommunications systems." Problemi telekomunìkacìj, no. 1(26) (December 11, 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/pt.2020.1.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The optimization methods of the logic circuit of Moore finite-state-machine are proposed. These methods are based on the existence of pseudo equivalent states of Moore finite-state-machine, wide fan-in of PAL macrocells, and free resources of embedded memory blocks. The methods are oriented on hypothetical VLSI microcircuits based on CPLD technology and containing PAL macrocells and embedded memory blocks. The conditions of effective application of each proposed method are shown. An algorithm of choice of the best model of finite-state-machine for given conditions is proposed. The examples of proposed methods application are given. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is also investigated. The analysis of the effectiveness of proposed methods showed that optimal in the given conditions method always permits a decrease of the hardware amount in comparison with earlier known methods of the Moore finite-state-machine design. This decrease in hardware does not lead to a decrease in the performance of the control unit. Moreover, there are some special cases, when some other models of Moore finite-state-machine are more effective. The proposed methods can be modified for real CPLDs, where embedded memory blocks are absent. In this case, the system of microoperations is implemented using PAL macrocells too. The same effectiveness of proposed methods should be tested for both cases of FPGA with embedded memory blocks and for CPLD CoolRunner based on PLA technology. The proposed methods should be modified to meet the specific requirements of these chips.
Дисертації з теми "Asy tested finite state machine"
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Мирошник, М. А., П. В. Галкін, О. Б. Зайченко, and Р. И. Цехмистро. "Testability Increasing Method by Introducing Hardware Redundancy in the Easy-tested Finite State Machines." Thesis, NURE, MC&FPGA, 2019. https://mcfpga.nure.ua/conf/2019-mcfpga/10-35598-mcfpga-2019-002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Testability increasing methods by introducing hardware redundancy into the circuit implementation are sufficiently developed and widely used in the design. Since the construction of the testing sequence is based on the use of automaton diagrams, it eliminates the need to analyze the circuit implementation of the remote control when building a diagnostic experiment. This approach allows us to extend the class of detectable faults, which in structural-analytical test generation methods is limited, as a rule, to a multitude of single constant faults. The use of automaton models in the construction of tests allows to detect any malfunction that changes the automaton diagram of a serviceable remote control and does not increase the number of states of remote control memory elements. There was described finite state machine using hardware description language. The method of computer-aided design of the easytested control FSM by introducing the hardware redundancy is presented in the paper. The FSM model is represented in VHDL in the form of the FSM template. The solution way is to add additional fragments of the VHDL code, which ensure the forced setting of the FSM into an arbitrary state without the use of synchronizing sequences. The use of the shift register in the memory part of the control FSM for organizing the path scanning was considered. The method of FSM state table expansion, which ensures the mode of bypassing all nodes of the FSM’ state diagram in the diagnostic mode was proposed.
Частини книг з теми "Asy tested finite state machine"
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Biswas, Rathindra Nath, Anurup Saha, Swarup Kumar Mitra, and Mrinal Kanti Naskar. "PSO-Based Antenna Pattern Synthesis." In Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Big Data Frameworks, 218–45. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5852-1.ch009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An antenna pattern synthesis scheme based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is proposed. Synthesized patterns always contain narrower beamwidth and minimum side-lobes level reducing coverage areas towards the attackers in wireless networks. On such patterns, deep nulls are also steered at various interfering directions as to provide a second layer of protection. Using selective patterns at each point-to-point link, data privacy is ensured throughout entire route from source to sink. This approach is simple enough to be commensurate with flexible design methods on a real-time platform. Thus, an FSM (finite state machine) rule-based digital system model is further developed and tested on Xilinx Virtex4 FPGA (field programmable gate array) board. Its performance under harsh radio environmental conditions is also verified with several fixed-point simulations in terms of pattern synthesis accuracy and computational overheads. These results corroborate such system integration onto wireless infrastructures for the secured data communication services.
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Vain, Jüri, Marko Kääramees, and Maili Markvardt. "Online Testing of Nondeterministic Systems with the Reactive Planning Tester." In Dependability and Computer Engineering, 113–50. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-747-0.ch007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We describe a model-based construction of an online tester for black-box testing. Contemporary model-based online test generators focusing mainly on computationally cheap but far from optimal planning strategies cover just a fraction of the wide spectrum of test control strategies. Typical examples of those used are simple random choice and anti-ant. Exhaustive planning during online testing of nondeterministic systems looks out of reach because of the low scalability of the methods in regard to the model size. The reactive planning tester (RPT) studied in this chapter is targeted to fill the gap between these two extremes. The key idea of RPT lies in offline static analysis of the IUT (implementation under test) model to prepare the data and constraints for efficient online reactive planning. The external behavior of the IUT is modelled as an output observable nondeterministic EFSM (extended finite state machine) with the assumption that all the transition paths are feasible. A test purpose is attributed to the transitions of the IUT model by a set of Boolean variables called traps that are used to measure the progress of the test run. We present a way to construct a tester that at runtime selects a suboptimal test path from trap to trap by finding the shortest path that covers unvisited traps within planning horizon. The principles of reactive planning are implemented in the form of the decision rules of selecting the shortest paths at runtime. Based on an industrial scale case study, namely the city lighting system controller, we demonstrate the practical use of the RPT for systems with high degree of nondeterminism, deep nested control loops, and requiring strictly bounded tester response time. Tuning the planning horizon of the RPT allows a trade-off to be found between close to optimal test length and scalability of tester behavior with computationally feasible expenses.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Asy tested finite state machine"
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Plaschkies, Franz, Ondřej Vaculín, and Axel Schumacher. "Assessment of the Influence of Human Body Diversity on Passive Safety Systems: A State-of-the-art Overview." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-pif-071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In technical development, the product, including its robustness, is determined through the requirements and tests. In many cases, the robustness is validated by several sample tests. This paper focuses on the development process in the field of systems for the passive safety of vehicle occupants. The state-of-the-art in the development and assessment of such systems is based on both physical and virtual testing. The physical tests are mainly used for validation and final approval purposes. The prominent role of virtual methods is played with a digital twin of the physical configuration. For the assessment of the interaction of the vehicle with its occupants, few anthropometric configurations are usually tested. Assuming a Gaussian distribution of body shapes in a population, the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles crash test dummies are widely applied. Nevertheless, the human body does not necessarily vary in a whole, but in all its measures. The reason for using only those few percentiles lies in the limitation of the resources, especially for physical testing, and the advantage of synchronizing physical and virtual testing. Due to the limitations, the potential of virtual methods cannot be used fully. In this state-of-the-art overview paper, the approaches to speed up and broaden the testing during the system's development to increase the solutions' robustness are presented. The state-of-the-art occupant safety development methods are summarized, including the human representation, tested scenarios, as well as evaluated criteria. The second part of this paper reviews available databases for human body measurements. The transition between the anthropometric data to virtual models plays an essential role in the virtual assessment. This part also includes metamodeling approaches to reduce the parameter space and methods for the automated creation of virtual models. Recent studies using multibody systems or finite element analysis are reviewed. Finally, relevant studies on accelerating the virtual process are presented together with approaches from machine learning, which has rapidly developed in recent years. The comparison of the approaches in the passive safety domain is presented. The supervised learning algorithms are taken as a basis for estimating simulation results for different anthropometric configurations. On the one hand, such algorithms can provide a significant reduction of the development time. However, on the other hand, they need a vast amount of data, while generating simulation results can be a time-consuming process. Therefore, also approaches to overcome this obstacle are also mentioned.
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Hu, Wei, Nicholas Wilson, Gregory J. Hiemenz, and Norman M. Wereley. "Magnetorheological Shock Absorber for Crew Seats in the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A magnetorheological shock absorber (MRSA) system is designed and tested to integrate semi-active shock and vibration mitigating technology into the existing EFV (Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle) forward seating positions. Based on the operational requirements of the vehicle, the MRSA is designed so that it can not only isolate occupants from harmful whole body vibration (WBV) during normal operations but also reduce injury risk during extreme events such as a “rogue” wave or ballistic/UNDEX shock event. The MRSA consists of a piston with a circular flow-mode valve, a magnetorheological (MR) fluid cylinder, and a nitrogen accumulator. Piston motion forces MR fluids enclosed in the fluid cylinder to flow through the valve where it is activated by a magnetic field in the valve. Based on the Bingham-plastic constitutive relation and a steady state fluid motion model, the valve parameters are determined using a magnetic circuit analysis tool and are validated by electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA). The high-speed field-off viscous force of the MRSA is predicted using computational fluid dynamic analysis. To experimentally evaluate the damping performance of the MRSA and validate the design, the MRSA is tested under single frequency sinusoidal displacement excitation on a material dynamic testing machine for low piston velocities (up to 0.9 m/s) performance evaluation. For performance evaluation at high piston velocities (up to 2.2 m/s), the MRSA is tested under impact loading on a rail-guided mass-drop test stand. Equivalent viscous damping is used to characterize the controllable damping behavior of the MRSA. To describe the time response of the MRSA, a dynamic model is developed based on geometrical parameters and MR fluid properties.
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Zhang, Mengxuan, Nan Li, Anouck Girard, and Ilya Kolmanovsky. "A Finite State Machine Based Automated Driving Controller and its Stochastic Optimization." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we develop a finite state machine based automated highway driving controller. The controller is described by feedback control laws in each state and state transition conditions. We test the controller in a traffic simulator and evaluate its performance based on a metric function. Furthermore, we propose a stochastic gradient based optimization approach to achieve optimal calibration of the developed controller. We expect that this controller can serve as a baseline for automated driving algorithm developments.
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Nikeshin, Alexei Viacheslavovich, and Victor Zinovievich Shnitman. "Verification of security properties of the TLS 1.3 extensions." In 23rd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2021”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2021-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the experience of verifying server implementations of the TLS cryptographic protocol version 1.3. TLS is a widely used cryptographic protocol designed to create secure data transmission channels and provides the necessary functionality for this: confidentiality of the transmitted data, data integrity, and authentication of the parties. The new version 1.3 of the TLS protocol was introduced in August 2018 and has a number of significant differences compared to the previous version 1.2. A number of TLS developers have already included support for the latest version in their implementations. These circumstances make it relevant to do research in the field of verification and security of the new TLS protocol implementations. We used a new test suite for verifying implementations of the TLS 1.3 for compliance with Internet specifications, developed on the basis of the RFC8446, using UniTESK technology and mutation testing methods. The current work is part of the TLS 1.3 protocol verification project and covers some of the additional functionality and optional protocol extensions. To test implementations for compliance with formal specifications, UniTESK technology is used, which provides testing automation tools based on the use of finite state machines. The states of the system under test define the states of the state machine, and the test effects are the transitions of this machine. When performing a transition, the specified impact is passed to the implementation under test, after which the implementation's reactions are recorded and a verdict is automatically made on the compliance of the observed behavior with the specification. Mutational testing methods are used to detect non-standard behavior of the system under test by transmitting incorrect data. Some changes are made to the protocol exchange flow created in accordance with the specification: either the values of the message fields formed on the basis of the developed protocol model are changed, or the order of messages in the exchange flow is changed. The protocol model allows one to make changes to the data flow at any stage of the network exchange, which allows the test scenario to pass through all the significant states of the protocol and in each such state to test the implementation in accordance with the specified program. So far, several implementations have been found to deviate from the specification. The presented approach has proven effective in several of our projects when testing network protocols, providing detection of various deviations from the specification and other errors.
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Hareyama, Soichi, Ken-ichi Manabe, Takayuki Shimodaira, and Akio Hoshi. "Working Load Analysis and Strength Estimation for Bolted Joints During Actual Machine Operation." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Serious problems caused by bolted joint fatigue breakage still occur. This is because working load evaluation and durability strength evaluation have been insufficient in the product design stage, in the test stage of machine lifetime prediction, in the trial production stage, in the prototype machine test stage, and so forth. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring and analyzing the load on bolted joints used in a machine under actual operation. Working load measurement under actual machine operation and the results of its analysis are shown as load frequency diagrams. This is very important information for realizing the concept of simultaneous multiple design. An example of the measurement analysis method of the load (three types of the loads; axial force, bending moment, and the torsional torque) added to the bolted joint shank which comes out at the time of the actual machine operation is shown. The reliability of assessing the strength and durability of bolted joints is considered from the viewpoint of limited-lifetime (finite-lifetime) design using Miner’s rule with cumulative loosening damage models and fatigue limit (infinite-lifetime) design. As an example, we measured the working stress and evaluated the strength of a bolted joint of an actual machine to verify the usefulness of the proposed method. Also, examples of strength evaluation are shown to illustrate finite-lifetime and infinite-lifetime prediction. Moreover, the practical process and presumed example of fatigue life prediction are shown. It is considered as a contribution at the improvement of strength reliability and the load analysis method of the bolted joint of machine develop-ment stage and failure analysis stage. Our findings are also expected to eradicating accidents involving bolted joints in machines.
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Correa, Jorge, Nicholas Toombs, and Placid M. Ferreira. "Implementation of an Open-Architecture Control for CNC Systems Based on Open-Source Electronics." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65964.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Open control architectures have many advantages including increased computational resources and flexibility of reconfiguration of new manufacturing units. This paper proposes an open architecture for the control of CNC systems based on open source electronics. The software architecture in this paper is a component-based approach where each component has an independent finite state machine (FSM) model. The hardware architecture is a multiprocessor distributed controller, with different levels of processing, and adaptable for different hardware specifications. A discussion of the basic control algorithms, with examples of implementation to the open source platform Arduino, is presented as part of the methodology. Other results in this paper include the preliminary test of the control to a two-axis CNC stage and a mathematical model of the control-loop in Simulink. The architecture in this paper has the potential of transforming CNC in open source electronics from device-oriented systems to systems where users can design their controls for special purpose machines.
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Smith, Andrew N., Ralph J. Volino, and Karen A. Flack. "Design of a Heat Sink in an Undergraduate Heat Transfer Course." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thermal design was incorporated into an undergraduate heat transfer course through a multistage design project. The students were tasked with designing water channels to be cut in an aluminum block using a wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. The students begin the process by analyzing the internal channels as a one dimensional array of fins using traditional analysis and correlations and Engineering Equation Solver (EES) to perform the calculations. Working in groups of two, the students conduct several parametric studies and develop a preliminary design using an array of fins method. The requirements for the design included outcomes that had to be met, along with weighting factors for key aspects of the design such as thermal performance, pressure drop, fabrication cost and volumetric flow rate. Next, the students analyze their preliminary design using SolidWorks flow simulation and compare their results to the one dimensional array of fins analysis. The groups then begin the process of refining their design using SolidWorks flow simulation to predict key parameters. Finally, the students select their best design which is fabricated using a wire EDM machine. The heat sinks are tested using a single experimental apparatus and the best design is determined based on the original requirements. The project is first introduced when the students are covering resistor networks and the analysis of an array of fins. The computational aspect of the project begins after the students have covered steady state conduction using finite difference methods. Using the computational results the students plot the heat transfer coefficient on the surface of the channel, which complements the lectures on internal developing flows.
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Gollapudi, Chandra, and Dawn Tilbury. "Logic Control Design and Implementation for a Machining Line Testbed Using Petri Nets." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/dsc-24594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Historically, logic control for machining systems has been programmed in ladder logic. Although this language is very intuitive at a low level, it is difficult to understand the sequencing in a large and complex program. Recently, several different formal languages, such as Petri nets, finite state machines, and real-time temporal logic, have been proposed for logic control design. These languages allow the logic to be formally verified to be correct before it is implemented. The proofs of correctness rely on a set of explicit and implicit assumptions. By implementing these methods on a testbed system, the advantages and limitations can be more easily seen. This paper describes an implementation of a formal method for logic control design using Petri nets on a small-scale testbed at the University of Michigan using software developed at the University of Kentucky.
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Marimuthu, Ganesan S., Per Thomas Moe, Bjarne Salberg, Junyan Liu, Henry Valberg, James S. Burnell-Gray, and Wayne Rudd. "Welding Procedure Establishment for Tubular Joints Welded by Single Station, Solid State Welding Machine." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25626.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forge welding is an efficient welding method for tubular joints applicable in oil and gas industries due to its simplicity in carrying out the welding, absence of molten metal and filler metals, small heat-affected zone and high process flexibility. Prior to forging, the ends (bevels) of the joining tubes can be heated by torch or electromagnetic (EM) techniques, such as induction or high frequency resistance heating. The hot bevels are subsequently pressed together to establish the weld. The entire welding process can be completed within seconds and consistently produces superior quality joints of very high strength and adequate ductility. Industrial forge welding of tubes in the field is relatively expensive compared to laboratory testing. Moreover, at the initial stages of a new project sufficient quantities of pipe material may not be available for weldability testing. For these and several other reasons we have developed a highly efficient single station, solid state welding machine that carefully replicates the thermomechanical conditions of full-scale Shielded Active Gas Forge Welding Machines (SAG-FWM) for pipeline and casing applications. This representative laboratory machine can be used to weld tubular goods, perform material characterization and/or simulate welding and heat treatment procedures. The bevel shapes at mating ends of the tubes are optimized by ABAQUS® simulations to fine tune temperature distribution. The main aim of this paper is to establish a welding procedure for welding the tubular joints by the representative laboratory machine. The quality of the welded tubular joint was analyzed by macro/micro analyses, as well as hardness and bend tests. The challenges in optimizing the bevel shape and process parameters to weld high quality tubular joints are thoroughly discussed. Finally a welding procedure specification was established to weld the tubular joints in the representative laboratory machine.
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Kushnir, Emmanuil. "Determination of Machine Tool Frequency Response Function During Cutting." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59573.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dynamic compliance (frequency response function - FRF) of a machine tool structure in the cutting zone under a cutting load is one of the major dynamic characteristics that define a machine’s cutting performance. The roundness and surface finish define the quality of the manufactured parts. These characteristics are developed during finishing and semi-finishing cuts. The kinowledge of machine tool dynamic compliance, defined in these steady-state cutting conditions, ensures parts quality and increase in machine tool productivity. The dynamic compliance is usually evaluated in tests, which are performed by means of hammers or vibrators (exciters). During these tests the machine does not cut and the machine components do not move relative to each other. The loads in the machine during cutting are defined by different internal and external sources that are acting in different points of the machine and in different directions. The real spectrum and frequency range of these forces is unknown. Experimental data acquired by different types of tests clearly show the difference in dynamic compliance for the same machine tool during cutting and idling. The machine tool dynamic tests performed by different types of external exciting devices do not take in consideration the real load conditions and interactions of moving components, including the cutting process itself and external sources of vibration. The existing methods of experimental evaluation of machine tool dynamic compliance during steady-state cutting condition require dynamometers to measure the cutting force and a special sensor to measure relative displacement between the cutting tool and workpiece. The FRF that is computed from these measurements represents a dynamic characteristic of the close loop system (machine structure and cutting process) and only under certain conditions may be considered as FRF of machine tool structure itself. The theory of stationary random processes allows defining the cutting conditions, under which the obtained data represent the FRF of machine tool structure, and provide estimations of random and bias errors of this evaluation. The simplified methodology of FRF estimation, based only on measurement of the spindle and tool vibration, is also presented in this paper. This methodology is used on an assembly line to obtain FRF for machine tools performance comparison and quality assurance.