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Дисертації з теми "Astrophysique – Expériences"
Volpe, Angela. "Développement d'un réfrigérateur à dilution en boucle fermée pour expériences d'astrophysique dans l'espace." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993970.
Повний текст джерелаVan, Box Som Lucile. "Des naines blanches magnétiques accrétantes aux plasmas laser : simulations, similitudes et expériences." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS555.
Повний текст джерелаMagnetic white dwarfs are part of some binary systems which accrete matter from their companion star as an accretion column. The accretion flow confined by the magnetic field lines falls at a supersonic velocity onto the magnetic poles of the white dwarf. At the impact, an accretion shock is generated and the post-shock region is structured as a result of the effects of complex radiative processes. In this work, we present observational data, astrophysical numerical data, theoretical studies and finally experimental data obtained on different laser facilities as well as their associated numerical simulations. First, theoretical and numerical studies at the astrophysical scale describe the structure and the dynamics of the accretion column. In particular, we have studied the origin of rapid oscillations observed in the optical light curves of some objects. Then, we have completed these studies with an experimental approach to build laboratory millimetre-scaled models of the radiation hydrodynamic processes occurred in the accretion column through powerful lasers. Experimental results obtained on the GEKKO XII laser facility and their interpretations are presented. Finally, we have optimized a new experimental design to achieve a similar regime on megajoule facilities in indirect drive. The data obtained from such experiments will provide new insights to improve astrophysical modelling
Boireau, Laurent. "Astrophysique de laboratoire : modélisation analytique et numérique du choc radiatif : expériences au moyen de lasers de puissance." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066480.
Повний текст джерелаRamachandran, Ragav. "Excitation collisionnelle des molécules NH et ND par He et H2 : théorie, comparaison avec les expériences et application astrophysique." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH02.
Повний текст джерелаNH molecule plays a crucial role in the interstellar nitrogen chemistry as it acts as an intermediate during the formation of the ubiquitous ammonia. Abundance of this species is a crucial probe of the nitrogen chemistry. With the advancements in the observational techniques, highly resolved transitions of these molecules in the ISM have been observed. However, the observed abundance ratios of nitrogen hydrides do not match with astrochemical models. The isotopologues are used to probe chemical pathways. For accurate analysis of these spectral observations, non-LTE modeling methods are employed which requires accurate NH and ND collisional rate coefficients. In this work, we present fine and hyperfine resolved rate coefficients for the (de-)excitation of NH/ND due to collisions with He and that of NH with H2 that should allow accurate determination of the NH abundance from the observational spectra. In this thesis we present highly correlated ab initio PESs of the NH-He and NH-H2 Van der Waals complexes. Calculations of fine and hyperfine resolved state-to-state rate coefficients for NH-He collisions were performed using the new PES for temperatures up to 350 K and ND-He collisions for temperatures upto 200 K. From the comparison, we observe that there is a significant difference between the present and previous rate coefficients, which is attributed essentially to the inclusion of vibrational effect in the new calculations and comparison between NH-He & ND-He results shows the importance of calculating ND-He rate coefficients explicitly. We also present the first calculations for NH-H2. As the He and H2 rate coefficients differ significantly, both the NH-He and NH-H2 sets of collisional data should be used to revise the NH abundance in space
Gonzalez, Matthias. "Contribution à l'étude numérique de l'hydrodynamique radiative : des expériences de chocs radiatifs aux jets astrophysiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110290.
Повний текст джерелаLors de cette thèse, un code numérique parallèle tridimensionnel d'hydrodynamique radiative baptisé HERACLES a été développé. Il s'appuie sur le modèle M1 qui permet de traiter un rayonnement à forte anisotropie. De nombreux tests ont validé HERACLES sur une grande variété de conditions physiques, dont le régime semi-transparent et la diffusion des photons, ses résultats étant comparables aux codes Monte-Carlo. Il a ensuite été utilisé dans deux thématiques.
La première concerne les chocs radiatifs, phénomènes astrophysiques reproduits sur Terre grâce aux lasers de puissance. HERACLES a mis en évidence l'influence de différents paramètres sur l'évolution d'un tel choc : le rapport de la largeur du canal de propagation sur le libre parcours moyen de photons, l'albédo des parois... Il a ensuite contribué à l'analyse d'une expérience réalisée avec le laser PALS. Il a permis de reproduire la courbe de décélération du précurseur observée dans l'expérience ainsi que la transmission du diagnostic transverse.
La seconde thématique concerne les jets générés par les étoiles en formation et interagissant avec le nuage moléculaire environnant. Les opacités du milieu interstellaire montrant qu'une partie significative du rayonnement est absorbée, nous avons mené les premières simulations d'un jet tenant compte du transfert radiatif. Elles ont montré que le jet pouvait être fortement comprimé et que le transfert radiatif semble donc pouvoir jouer un rôle important dans sa propagation.
Vacher, Lionel. "Hydratation et évolution isotopique précoce des astéroïdes carbonés : approches expérimentale et isotopique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0229.
Повний текст джерелаCarbonaceous asteroids were affected by aqueous alteration processes that have strongly modified their primary mineralogy in favour of a wide diversity of newly formed phases. Despite the numerous studies carried out on hydrated chondrites (CM chondrites), the physicochemical conditions of aqueous alteration and the identification of the water sources accreted by asteroids are still poorly constrain. From the mineralogical and isotopic survey of secondary phases, this thesis aims (i) to decipher the origin and evolution of water accreted by primitive asteroids and (ii) to retrace the physicochemical conditions of aqueous alteration using hydrothermal laboratory experiments. First of all, our results show that the pristine CM chondrite Paris contains Ca-carbonates whose O-isotopic compositions ([delta]17,18O) requires an 8-35% contribution of water ice from the outer part of the Solar System. In addition, our C-isotopic analyses conducted on these same Ca-carbonates indicate similar [delta]13C values to those of the soluble organic matter (SOM) that constitute carbonaceous chondrites. Thus, we suggest that SOM is the most probable source of carbon to form Ca-carbonates. Then, the study of different clasts in the CM chondrite Boriskino revealed that this meteorite has experienced high intensity impact events, causing the formation of fractures and the circulation of later 16O-rich fluid flow. Finally, our low temperature laboratory experiments successfully synthetized the most characteristic phases of CM chondrites: tochilinite and cronstedtite. Moreover, by comparing our results to other experimental studies, we observed a positive correlation between the nMg content in the hydroxide layer of synthetic tochilinite and temperature. This correlation suggests that the chemical composition of tochilinite represents as powerful proxy to retrace the alteration temperature experienced by CM chondrites
Verdier, Marc-Antoine. "Scintillateurs cryogéniques pour la détection d'événements rares, dans les expériences EDELWEISS et EURECA." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556620.
Повний текст джерелаLoisel, Guillaume. "Des plasmas stellaires aux plasmas de laboratoire : Application aux mesures d'opacité dans les domaines X et XUV." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579800.
Повний текст джерелаHiahemzizou, Rafik. "Théorie générale de la manipulation / intervention : son implémentation aux expériences de la physique et d'astrophysique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30036.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we analyze the concept of manipulation through a comprehensive theory which includes the entity realism and the causal theory of manipulation. At the second stage, we implement this theory to several scientific experiments. It is divided into four parts:In Part I, we will have a long journey until we will reach the true concept of manipulation. We analyze the structural realism and we explore its difficulties regarding ontological problems of physics. Our survey of structural realism enables to open a new way to developing entity realism instead of structural realism.Part II will be dedicated to the core aspect of entity realism such as its foundations, its arguments and our aim to reach a global definition of manipulation concept.In Part III I will achieve my aim which is elaborating a global theory of manipulation/intervention based on entity realism and the Woodward theory of intervention, invariance and depth explanation of causal events. We will develop three items : 1- a system of intervention conditions 2-a typology of intervention, 3-probabilistic intervention. Such type of intervention is applicable to EPR experiment. In Part IV, we implement our theory to five scientific experiments: EPR experiment, electrodynamics cavity experiment, Zeeman effect experiment, Tevatron experiment (collision of protons) and last but not least an astrophysical experiment (gravitational waves).In each case, our theory is successful. All intervention conditions are applicable to our five experiments and a well defined typology of intervention is developed based on intervention results through different stages of those experiments. Therefore, the theory of manipulation shows a real and genuine application in different domains of physics and astrophysics. Such result is important regarding the role of manipulation in modern science
Vacher, Lionel. "Hydratation et évolution isotopique précoce des astéroïdes carbonés : approches expérimentale et isotopique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0229/document.
Повний текст джерелаCarbonaceous asteroids were affected by aqueous alteration processes that have strongly modified their primary mineralogy in favour of a wide diversity of newly formed phases. Despite the numerous studies carried out on hydrated chondrites (CM chondrites), the physicochemical conditions of aqueous alteration and the identification of the water sources accreted by asteroids are still poorly constrain. From the mineralogical and isotopic survey of secondary phases, this thesis aims (i) to decipher the origin and evolution of water accreted by primitive asteroids and (ii) to retrace the physicochemical conditions of aqueous alteration using hydrothermal laboratory experiments. First of all, our results show that the pristine CM chondrite Paris contains Ca-carbonates whose O-isotopic compositions ([delta]17,18O) requires an 8-35% contribution of water ice from the outer part of the Solar System. In addition, our C-isotopic analyses conducted on these same Ca-carbonates indicate similar [delta]13C values to those of the soluble organic matter (SOM) that constitute carbonaceous chondrites. Thus, we suggest that SOM is the most probable source of carbon to form Ca-carbonates. Then, the study of different clasts in the CM chondrite Boriskino revealed that this meteorite has experienced high intensity impact events, causing the formation of fractures and the circulation of later 16O-rich fluid flow. Finally, our low temperature laboratory experiments successfully synthetized the most characteristic phases of CM chondrites: tochilinite and cronstedtite. Moreover, by comparing our results to other experimental studies, we observed a positive correlation between the nMg content in the hydroxide layer of synthetic tochilinite and temperature. This correlation suggests that the chemical composition of tochilinite represents as powerful proxy to retrace the alteration temperature experienced by CM chondrites