Статті в журналах: "Asthma incidence"

1

Arnedo-Pena, Alberto, Juan Bautista Bellido-Blasco, and Ricardo Tosca-Segura. "Asthma Incidence in School Population." Archivos de Bronconeumología ((English Edition)) 46, no. 1 (January 2010): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1579-2129(10)70013-6.

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2

Thomas, Rebecca M. "The rising incidence of asthma." Asthma Magazine 4, no. 5 (September 1999): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1088-0712(99)80088-0.

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3

Brassard, Paul, Maria Vutcovici, Pierre Ernst, Valérie Patenaude, Maida Sewitch, Samy Suissa, and Alain Bitton. "Increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Québec residents with airway diseases." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 4 (November 18, 2014): 962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00079414.

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The objective of the study was to assess whether the incidences of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are increased in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to the general population.A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the administrative health databases of Québec, Canada. Incidences of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis among patients with asthma and COPD were assessed for the 2001–2006 period.In total, 136 178 subjects with asthma and 143 904 subjects with COPD were identified. The average incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis was 23.1 and 8.8 per 100 000 person-years among asthmatic patients; in the COPD cohort there were 26.2 Crohn’s disease cases and 17 ulcerative colitis cases per 100 000 person-years. The incidence of Crohn’s disease in asthma and COPD patients was 27% and 55% higher than in the general population of Québec; the incidence of ulcerative colitis was 30% higher among COPD patients compared to the general population.Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease was significantly increased in asthma and COPD patients compared to the general population of Québec. Incidence rates were particularly high in patients with COPD. Awareness of an association between airway diseases and inflammatory bowel disease in older age groups may play an important role in earlier detection of bowel disease and in the therapeutic management of such patients.

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4

Ait-hadad, Wassila, Annabelle Bédard, Rosalie Delvert, Laurent Orsi, Sébastien Chanoine, Orianne Dumas, Nasser Laouali, et al. "Plant-Based Diets and the Incidence of Asthma Symptoms among Elderly Women, and the Mediating Role of Body Mass Index." Nutrients 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15010052.

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We aimed to test the hypothesis that adherence to a healthful plant-based diet (hPDI) is associated with a subsequent decrease in the incidence of asthma symptoms, with an opposite association with adherence to an unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI). In addition, we evaluated a potential mediating role of body mass index (BMI) and the modifying effect of smoking. Among 5700 elderly women from the French Asthma-E3N study with dietary data in 1993 and 2005, we assessed the incidence of asthma symptoms in 2018 among women with no asthma symptoms in 2011. BMI was evaluated in 2008. Mediation analyses in the counterfactual framework were used to disentangle total, direct, and indirect effects mediated by BMI. We found that both healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets were associated with a lower incidence of asthma symptoms over time, mediated by BMI (OR (95%CI) for the indirect effect: 0.94 (0.89–1.00) for hPDI and 0.92 (0.70–1.00) for uPDI)). Associations with both healthful and unhealthful PDIs were mediated by changes in BMI by 33% and 89%, respectively. Plant-based diets (healthful and unhealthful) were associated with subsequently reduced incidences of asthma symptoms over time, partly or almost totally mediated by BMI according to their nutritional quality.

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5

Taiwo, Oyebode A., Kanta D. Sircar, Martin D. Slade, Linda F. Cantley, Sally J. Vegso, Peter M. Rabinowitz, Martha G. Fiellin, and Mark R. Cullen. "Incidence of Asthma Among Aluminum Workers." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 48, no. 3 (March 2006): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000197876.31901.f5.

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6

Newcomb, Dawn C. "Birth control medications decrease asthma incidence." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 146, no. 2 (August 2020): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.035.

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7

BERNSEN, R. "Declining incidence of episodes of asthma." Thorax 56, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 244b—244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.3.244b.

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8

Tarlo, Susan M. "Trends in incidence of occupational asthma." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 72, no. 10 (April 20, 2015): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-102852.

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9

Ross, David, and J. Corbett McDonald. "RE: Occupational asthma: Prevalence or incidence." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 35, no. 2 (February 1999): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199902)35:2<206::aid-ajim14>3.0.co;2-y.

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10

Ekerljung, Linda, Eva Rönmark, Kjell Larsson, Britt-Marie Sundblad, Anders Bjerg, Staffan Ahlstedt, Sven-Erik Dahlén, and Bo Lundbäck. "No further increase of incidence of asthma: Incidence, remission and relapse of adult asthma in Sweden." Respiratory Medicine 102, no. 12 (December 2008): 1730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2008.07.011.

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11

Lim, Hyun-Mook, Seung-Woo Ryoo, Yun-Chul Hong, Soon-Tae Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, and Dong-Wook Lee. "Association between Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Asthma Incidence among School-Aged Children." Atmosphere 13, no. 9 (September 3, 2022): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091430.

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Studies on the correlation of long-term PM2.5 exposure with childhood-onset asthma are limited to western countries. We aimed to study the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and childhood-onset asthma in South Korea, which has higher ambient PM2.5 levels than western countries. We constructed a retrospective cohort of children aged 6–14 years living in seven metropolitan cities using the National Health Insurance service in South Korea from 2011 to 2016. Children who made a hospital visit with asthma from 2008 to 2010 were excluded. A child was diagnosed with asthma incidence if he or she visited the hospital three times or more with a primary diagnostic code of asthma. A time-varying Cox regression model was constructed to investigate the association of long-term district-level PM2.5 exposure with asthma incidence. Of the 1,425,638 children evaluated, 52,133 showed asthma incidence, with an incidence rate of 6.9 cases/1000 person-years. A 10 µg/m3 increase in the 48-month moving average PM2.5 exposure was associated with an elevated risk of asthma incidence, with a hazard ratio of 1.075 (95% confidence interval: 1.024–1.126), and this association was robust for different PM2.5 exposure levels (12-, 36-, and 60-month moving average). In this study, long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with asthma incidence in school-aged children in South Korea. Policies to reduce environmental PM2.5 levels and protect children from PM2.5 are necessary to prevent childhood-onset asthma.

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12

Garcia, Erika, Robert Urman, Kiros Berhane, Rob McConnell, and Frank Gilliland. "Effects of policy-driven hypothetical air pollutant interventions on childhood asthma incidence in southern California." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 32 (July 22, 2019): 15883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815678116.

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Childhood asthma is a major public health concern and has significant adverse impacts on the lives of the children and their families, and on society. There is an emerging link between air pollution, which is ubiquitous in our environment, particularly in urban centers, and incident childhood asthma. Here, using data from 3 successive cohorts recruited from the same 9 communities in southern California over a span of 20 y (1993 to 2014), we estimated asthma incidence using G-computation under hypothetical air pollution exposure scenarios targeting nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in separate interventions. We reported comparisons of asthma incidence under each hypothetical air pollution intervention with incidence under the observed natural course of exposure; results that may be more tangible for policymakers compared with risk ratios. Model results indicated that childhood asthma incidence rates would have been statistically significantly higher had the observed reduction in ambient NO2 in southern California not occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s, and asthma incidence rates would have been significantly lower had NO2 been lower than what it was observed to be. For example, compliance with a hypothetical standard of 20 ppb NO2 was estimated to result in 20% lower childhood asthma incidence (95% CI, −27% to −11%) compared with the exposure that actually occurred. The findings for hypothetical PM2.5 interventions, although statistically significant, were smaller in magnitude compared with results for the hypothetical NO2 interventions. Our results suggest a large potential public health benefit of air pollutant reduction in reduced incidence of childhood asthma.

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13

Martinez, Fernando D., Martha Cline, and Benjamin Burrows. "Increased Incidence of Asthma in Children of Smoking Mothers." Pediatrics 89, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.1.21.

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The relationship between parental smoking and both subsequent development of asthma and subsequent lung function (before age 12) was studied in more than 700 children enrolled before age 5. Children of mothers with 12 or fewer years of education and who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day were 2.5 times more likely (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 4.59; P = .0018) to develop asthma and had 15.7% lower maximal midexpiratory flow (P < .001) than children of mothers with the same education level who did not smoke or smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes per day. These relationships were independent of self-reported respiratory symptoms in parents. There was no association between maternal smoking and subsequent incidence of asthma or maximal midexpiratory flow among children of mothers with more than 12 years of education. It is concluded that children of lower socioeconomic status may be at considerable risk of developing asthma if their mothers smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day. It is speculated that recently reported increases in prevalence of childhood asthma may be in part related to the increased prevalence of smoking among less educated women.

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14

Daruru, Rangnath, Shanker Mahadevan, and Prashant R. Kokiwar. "Association of gastro esophageal reflex with chronic asthma and its significance: a prospective study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 5 (August 23, 2017): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20173795.

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Background: Many studies have reported that gastro esophageal reflux is significantly more common in asthmatics than in control populations and this appears to apply particularly in childhood. To study the incidence of gastro esophageal refluxes in children which chronic asthma. To identity the clinical characteristic in children with chronic asthma and GER, which would predict reflux, related asthma?Methods: It is a prospective study of association of GER and chronic asthma using Radio nuclide scintigraphy carried at General pediatric in-patient wards of Niloufer hospital, Hyderabad. A Total of 50 patients with chronic asthma and 15 healthy children were evaluated.Results: Our study showed an incidence of Gastro Esophageal Reflux (GER) in 42% of chronic asthmatic children. High incidence of reflux (47.6%) under 4 years of age. No significance difference in the incidence of GER in children with seasonal verus Non-Seasonal asthma. About 50% of children with GER had no symptoms i.e. they had silent reflux. Nocturnal symptoms were significantly higher in asthmatic children with Ger (54.8%) than asthmatic children without GER (21%). Children with reflux related asthma suffered more morbidity in terms of recurrence of attacks, severity of chronic asthma (moderate persistent) and sleep disturbance as compared to children with no reflux. Presence of atopic signs was significantly higher in patients with asthma without GER.Conclusions: GER should be considered as a potentially important contributing factor in any patient with poorly controlled asthma. The asthmatic patient most likely to experience measurable benefit from anti-reflux therapy is the patients with significant nocturnal asthma and who have symptoms of both asthma and of reflux.

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15

Hansen, Sofie, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Dirk Keidel, Julia Dratva, Robert Bettschart, Marco Pons, Luc Burdet, et al. "Gender differences in adult-onset asthma: results from the Swiss SAPALDIA cohort study." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 4 (July 23, 2015): 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02278-2014.

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A higher incidence of asthma is reported in women compared with men, but evidence in later adulthood is limited. We aimed to determine the 20-year cumulative incidence of adult asthma in Switzerland and its relation to sex, taking into account age and allergic sensitisation.We assessed incidence of self-report of doctor-diagnosed asthma between 1991/1992 and 2010/2011 in 5128 subjects without asthma, aged 18–60 years at baseline. The age-related probability of asthma onset was analysed by logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders and stratified by sex and allergic sensitisation at baseline.Over 20 years, 128 (5.1%) men and 198 (7.5%) women newly reported doctor-diagnosed asthma. The adjusted odds ratio for female sex was 1.99 (95% CI 1.54–2.57) overall, 3.21 (95% CI 2.12–4.85) among nonsensitised subjects, and 1.43 (95% CI 1.02–2.02) in sensitised subjects. The probability of asthma onset decreased with increasing baseline age in women but not in men. The higher probability of new asthma in sensitised compared with nonsensitised men was unrelated to age, whereas in women it decreased with age.Asthma incidence was higher in women than in men but decreased with increasing age. The female predominance was considerably stronger in nonsensitised adults compared with those with allergic sensitisation.

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16

Wufuer, Dilinuer, Haidiya Aierken, Yan Fang, Mihereguli Simayi, Kelibiena Tuerxun, and Ayinuer Maitisidike. "Incidence of depression and its influencing factors in 387 patients with asthma from Xinjiang, China." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): e45-e53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.190034.

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Background: Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of depression in 387 patients with asthma. Methods: The Zung self-rating depression scale and the Hamilton depression scale were used to evaluate the depression status in patients with asthma. Results: Results of logistic regression analysis indicated that, severity of asthma symptoms, taking medicine, frequency of asthma onset, and lack of education were the major risk factors for depression in patients with asthma. Conclusion: Depression is a complication with high morbidity in patients with asthma. It largely affects disease control of asthma and the quality life in patients. Multiple factors are relevant for depression in the patient with asthma. This study provided a comprehensive horizon for clinical management and treatment of depression in patients with asthma.

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17

Lavigne, Éric, Marc-André Bélair, Daniel Rodriguez Duque, Minh T. Do, David M. Stieb, Perry Hystad, Aaron van Donkelaar, et al. "Effect modification of perinatal exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma incidence." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 3 (February 1, 2018): 1701884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01884-2017.

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Perinatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with childhood asthma incidence; however, less is known regarding the potential effect modifiers in this association. We examined whether maternal and infant characteristics modified the association between perinatal exposure to air pollution and development of childhood asthma.761 172 births occurring between 2006 and 2012 were identified in the province of Ontario, Canada. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and childhood asthma incidence (up to age 6 years) were estimated using Cox regression models.110 981 children with asthma were identified. In models adjusted for postnatal exposures, second-trimester exposures to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09) and nitrogen dioxide (HR per IQR increase 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.08) were associated with childhood asthma development. Enhanced impacts were found among children born to mothers with asthma, who smoked during pregnancy or lived in urban areas during pregnancy, males and children born preterm or of low birthweight.Prenatal exposure to air pollution may have a differential impact on the risk of asthma development, according to maternal and infant characteristics.

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18

Patrick, David, Abdullah Mamun, Drona Rasali, Caren Rose, and Fawziah Marra. "920. A Sharp Fall in Antibiotic Use in Infants Is Correlated With a Population-Wide Reduction in Asthma Incidence for Children Under 5." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.061.

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Abstract Background Antibiotic use in infants <1 is associated with increased relative risk (~1.5) for childhood asthma in cohort studies. This may be mediated by removal from the infant microbiome of organisms shown to protect against asthma, a hypothesis supported by experiment. We launched this study to see whether reductions in antibiotic use at population level are associated with benefit by way of asthma reduction. Methods We obtained antibiotic prescribing data from BC PharmaNet, a population-based database that captures all outpatient prescribing for British Columbia, Canada (n = 4.7 million). We focused on prescriptions in children <1 and calculated prescription rate per 1,000 population per year. We obtained asthma incidence data from the BC Ministry of Health Chronic Disease Registry. Asthma case identification uses a standard case definition making use of community and hospital diagnostic codes as well as asthma drug data from BC’s universal physician billing, hospital and drug databases. We focused on age-stratified asthma incidence for children aged 1–4. The correlation between antibiotic prescription rate in children < 1 and asthma incidence in the following year was estimated using the Spearman test. Results Antibiotic prescribing for all age groups fell 9.5% between 1999 and 2013. The rate for infants <1 dropped 58% from 1,014 to 427 prescriptions per 1,000 population/year. Between 2000 and 2014, asthma incidence (ages 1–4) fell 26% from 27.3 (95% CI: 26.5–28.0) to 20.2 (95% CI: 19.5–20.8) per 1,000 population/year. These trends were strongly correlated: Spearman’s rho = 0.81 (P = 0.0002). The magnitude of fall in asthma incidence is slightly greater than that predicted based on calculated population attributable risk for antibiotic exposure. Conclusion The population health benefit from antibiotic stewardship in infants may not be confined to slowing the emergence of resistance and could include a reduced risk of asthma. As this is a population-based ecological study, a reduction in other risk factors may also have contributed to the fall in asthma incidence. This promising trend should be further studied at individual level within a large cohort study. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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19

Gilliland, Frank D., Talat Islam, Kiros Berhane, W. James Gauderman, Rob McConnell, Edward Avol, and John M. Peters. "Regular Smoking and Asthma Incidence in Adolescents." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 174, no. 10 (November 15, 2006): 1094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200605-722oc.

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20

Karjalainen, Antti, Rami Martikainen, Panu Oksa, Kimmo Saarinen, and Jukka Uitti. "Incidence of Asthma Among Finnish Construction Workers." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 44, no. 8 (August 2002): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200208000-00010.

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21

Casas, Xavier, Eduard Monsó, Xavier Orpella, Ramona Hervás, Josep Anton González, Elisabeth Arellano, Carlos Martínez, et al. "Incidence and Characteristics of Adult-Onset Asthma." Archivos de Bronconeumología ((English Edition)) 44, no. 9 (January 2008): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1579-2129(08)60085-3.

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22

Forni, G. L., A. Rasore-Quartino, M. S. Acutis, and P. Strigini. "Incidence of bronchial asthma in Down syndrome." Journal of Pediatrics 116, no. 3 (March 1990): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82849-5.

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23

Nguyen, N. B. T., and T. T. T. Nguyen. "Incidence-Based Cost of Asthma in Vietnam." Value in Health 17, no. 7 (November 2014): A777—A778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.357.

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24

Thomsen, Simon F., Charlotte S. Ulrik, Kirsten O. Kyvik, Klaus Larsen, Lars R. Skadhauge, Ida Steffensen, and Vibeke Backer. "The Incidence of Asthma in Young Adults." Chest 127, no. 6 (June 2005): 1928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.127.6.1928.

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25

Albin, M. "Incidence of asthma in female Swedish hairdressers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 59, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.2.119.

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26

Seed, Martin J., Melanie Carder, Matthew Gittins, Dil Sen, Annemarie Money, David Fishwick, Chris M. Barber, and Martie van Tongeren. "Emerging trends in the UK incidence of occupational asthma: should we be worried?" Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 6 (April 1, 2019): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105414.

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While 15% of adult-onset asthma is estimated to have an occupational cause, there has been evidence of a downward trend in occupational asthma incidence in several European countries since the start of this millennium. However, recent data from The Health and Occupation Reporting network in the UK have suggested a possible reversal of this downward trend since 2014. We present these data and discuss possible explanations for this observed change in incidence trend. A high index of suspicion of occupational causation in new-onset asthma cases continues to be important, whether or not the recently observed increase in occupational asthma incidence in the UK is real or artefactual.

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27

Storaas, Torgeir, Jan-Paul Zock, Ana Espinosa Morano, Mathias Holm, Eythor Bjørnsson, Bertil Forsberg, Thorarinn Gislason, et al. "Incidence of rhinitis and asthma related to welding in Northern Europe." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 5 (July 23, 2015): 1290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02345-2014.

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Welding-related asthma is well recognised but less is known about rhinitis in relation to welding. The aim here, was to study associations between welding, rhinitis and asthma in a general population sample, and factors influencing selection into and out of a welding occupation.Adult-onset asthma and non-infectious rhinitis were investigated in the international multicentre population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study, including 16 191 responders aged 26–54 years. Ever welding (n=2181), welding >25% of working time (n=747), and welding in stainless steel >6 months (n=173) were assessed by questionnaire. Subjects with rhinitis or asthma onset when aged <18 years were excluded. Incidence rates for asthma and rhinitis were calculated from year of disease onset, and start and end of welding job. Cox's proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, parental education and study centre, and Kaplan–Meier curves were used.Rhinitis incidence was higher among welders (hazard ratio (HR) 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.6), consistent in men and women, and across centres (pheterogeneity=0.4). In men, asthma incidence was higher among welders (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.04–1.97). Quitting welding was indicated higher after adult-onset rhinitis (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.3).Adult-onset rhinitis and asthma was higher among welders, consistent across population samples from Northern Europe. No pre-employment selection was found, whereas selection out of welding jobs was suggested.

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28

Yeatts, Karin, Peter Sly, Stephanie Shore, Scott Weiss, Fernando Martinez, Andrew Geller, Philip Bromberg, et al. "A Brief Targeted Review of Susceptibility Factors, Environmental Exposures, Asthma Incidence, and Recommendations for Future Asthma Incidence Research." Environmental Health Perspectives 114, no. 4 (April 2006): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8381.

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29

Xu, Xuchen, Jianing Zhang, Xin Yang, Yuanyuan Zhang, and Zhimin Chen. "The Role and Potential Pathogenic Mechanism of Particulate Matter in Childhood Asthma: A Review and Perspective." Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (January 17, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8254909.

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Asthma, the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, affects numerous people worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM), either acutely or chronically, is associated with the exacerbation and incidence of pediatric asthma. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms by which PM contributes to the incidence of asthma remain largely unknown. In this short review, we summarize studies of relationships between PM and pediatric asthma and recent advances on the fundamental mechanisms of PM-related asthma, with emphases on cell death regulation and immune system responses. We further discuss the inadequacy of current studies and give a perspective on the prevention strategies for pediatric asthma.

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30

Chowdhury, Nowrin U., Vamsi P. Guntur, Dawn C. Newcomb, and Michael E. Wechsler. "Sex and gender in asthma." European Respiratory Review 30, no. 162 (November 17, 2021): 210067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0067-2021.

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Asthma is a heterogenous disease, and its prevalence and severity are different in males versus females through various ages. As children, boys have an increased prevalence of asthma. As adults, women have an increased prevalence and severity of asthma. Sex hormones, genetic and epigenetic variations, social and environmental factors, and responses to asthma therapeutics are important factors in the sex differences observed in asthma incidence, prevalence and severity. For women, fluctuations in sex hormone levels during puberty, the menstrual cycle and pregnancy are associated with asthma pathogenesis. Further, sex differences in gene expression and epigenetic modifications and responses to environmental factors, including SARS-CoV-2 infections, are associated with differences in asthma incidence, prevalence and symptoms. We review the role of sex hormones, genetics and epigenetics, and their interactions with the environment in the clinical manifestations and therapeutic response of asthma.

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31

Chang, Jih-Chin, Jeng-Yuan Chiou, Jiunn-Liang Ko, Jing-Yang Huang, and Ko-Huang Lue. "Early Bronchiolitis Contributes to Preschool Asthma." Children 8, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8121176.

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This study aims to analyze whether bronchiolitis in children younger than one-year-old contributes to subsequent asthma. Medical data were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Participants were divided into study (N = 65,559) and control (N = 49,656) groups, depending on whether they had early bronchiolitis. Incidences of asthma, potential comorbidities, and associated medical conditions were compared. The incidence of childhood asthma was significantly higher in the study group (aHR = 1.127, 95% CI: 1.063–1.195). Children with bronchiolitis hospitalization displayed higher asthma risk in the period between two and four years of age. The risk diminished as the children grew up. No relevant synergistic effects were found between bronchiolitis and atopic dermatitis. In conclusion, bronchiolitis before one year of age exhibits predictive value for development of preschool asthma, especially in children with bronchiolitis hospitalizations.

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Boyd, Jessica H., Eric A. Macklin, Robert C. Strunk, and Michael R. DeBaun. "Asthma is associated with acute chest syndrome and pain in children with sickle cell anemia." Blood 108, no. 9 (November 1, 2006): 2923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-01-011072.

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Abstract Pain and acute chest syndrome (ACS) episodes are 2 of the most common causes of hospitalization in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, very few potentially modifiable risk factors for either condition have been identified. In this prospective infant cohort study, we tested the hypothesis that asthma is associated with an increased incidence rate of pain and ACS episodes. An infant cohort was composed of 291 African American children with hemoglobin SS enrolled in the Cooperative Study for Sickle Cell Disease before age 6 months and followed beyond age 5 years. Asthma was defined by a physician diagnosis, an acute asthma event, or use of prescription asthma medications. The incidence rates of ACS and painful episodes were compared for children with and without asthma. A clinical diagnosis of asthma was made in 17% of the cohort. Asthma was associated with more frequent ACS episodes (0.39 vs 0.20 events per patient year, P < .001) and painful episodes (1.39 vs 0.47 events per patient year, P < .001). In conclusion, in children with SCA, asthma is associated with an increased incidence of sickle cell disease–related morbidity, including ACS and painful episodes.

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Jagadeeswari J and Rangila R. "Effect of Bronchial Asthma Education Program on Asthma Control among Asthma Patients." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 26, 2020): 5485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3181.

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Asthma attacks all age gatherings however it regularly begins in childhood age itself. It is a sickness depicted by irregular attacks of shortness of breath and wheezing, which move in earnestness and repeat from individual to person. In an attacks, the coating of the entries swell making the aviation routes limited and decreasing the progression of air all through the lungs. In an individual, this may happen from hour to hour and everyday too. The incidence is 5% in adult population and 10% in children. Incidence of asthma has considerably increased over last few decades so the present study aims to assess the effectiveness of Bronchial Asthma Education Program on Asthma control among Asthma Patients. A quantitative approach with Pre-Experimental research design was adopted to conduct the study among 30 Bronchial Asthma patients who were selected by Non- probability convenience sampling technique. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect the demographic data and level of knowledge regarding asthma among asthma patients was assessed by structured questionnaire. The Bronchial Asthma education was given with flash card which includes the details which controls Asthma. The results of the study shows that among 30 samples in the experimental group the pretest results reveal, 25(83.34%) had inadequate knowledge, 4(13.33%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 1(3.33%) had good knowledge.Where as in the post test, 20(66.67%) had adequate knowledge and 10(33.33%) had moderately adequate knowledge regarding Bronchial Asthma among asthma patients. This reveals the level of knowledge regarding asthma is highly significant in the experimental group because the level of knowledge is improved after health education.

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Zdraveska, M., D. Dimitrievska, D. Todevski, A. Gjorcev, E. Janeva, I. Pavlovska, and B. Zafirova-Ivanovska. "Joint Incidence of Asthma and Rhinitis in Macedonia." Open Respiratory Medicine Journal 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306401509010052.

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The concept of “united airways disease”, based on many similar features and mutual interactions in the pathogenesis of asthma (A) and rhinitis (R), has led to an integral approach to their management. We conducted this study to determine the quantity of the problem of joint incidence of A and R in R. Macedonia, and, perhaps to obtain information on a potential causative effect of the two diseases. Three hundred eighty six patients, who presented with wheezing and/or upper respiratory symptoms at the Pulmology and Allergy Clinic, Skopje, were included during a period of 48 months. The presence of bronchial hyperreactivity – BHR (positive histamine challenge), atopy (prick test to seasonal or perennial inhaled allergens), rhinitis symptoms (such as nasal secretion and obstruction) and X-ray of paranasal sinuses was registered by a specially designed questionnaire. R was diagnosed in 106 of the subjects (27.5%), and A in 280 (72.5%). Among the patients with A, co-incidence with R was found in 219 (76.5%). Including X-ray of paranasal sinuses to the diagnostic protocol increased this percentage to over 90% (256 patients). From the 219 patients with A and R together, 127 (57.99%) had positive atopy. On the other hand, 19 (18.0%) of the rhinitis-only patients had positive BHR without asthma symptoms. The follow up of the rhinitis patients with positive BHR revealed 4 patiets who developed asthma within 36 months, but this was also the case with 2 of the subjects with R and negative BHR. In conclusion, the co-incidence of A and R in our material is 78.21%, or 91.4% (including sinusitis); a greater co-existence of A and R is found in atopic patients. The patients with allergic R are at high risk for developing A and should be monitored in the future and the R symptoms should be adequately treated in order to minimize the risk for developing asthma.

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Coogan, Patricia F., Nelsy Castro-Webb, Jeffrey Yu, George T. O'Connor, Julie R. Palmer, and Lynn Rosenberg. "Neighborhood and Individual Socioeconomic Status and Asthma Incidence in African American Women." Ethnicity & Disease 26, no. 1 (January 21, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.1.113.

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Objective: Individual socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with asthma incidence but whether neighborhood SES has an influence is unknown. We assessed the contributions of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood housing density, neighborhood racial composition, and individual SES to the development of adult-onset asthma in Black women, accounting for other known or suspected risk factors. Design and Participants: Prospective cohort study conducted among 47,779 African American women followed with biennial health questionnaires from 1995 to 2011. Methods and Main Outcome Measures: Incident asthma was defined as new selfreport of doctor-diagnosed asthma with concurrent use of asthma medication. We assessed neighborhood SES, indicated by census variables representing income, education, and wealth, and housing density and % African American population, as well as individual SES, indicated by highest education of participant/spouse. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association of individual SES and neighborhood variables with asthma incidence. Results: During a 16-year follow-up period, 1520 women reported incident asthma. Neighborhood factors were not associated with asthma incidence after control for individual SES, body mass index, and other factors. Compared with college graduates, the multivariable HR for asthma was 1.13 (95% CI 1.00-1.28) for women with some college education and 1.23 (95% CI 1.05- 1.44) for women with no more than a high school education. Conclusions: Individual SES, but not neighborhood SES or other neighborhood factors, was associated with the incidence of adult-onset asthma in this population of African American women. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):113-122; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.1.113

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Roh, Jae-Hyung, Hanbyul Lee, Bae Yun-Jeong, Chan Sun Park, Hyo-Jung Kim, and Sun-Young Yoon. "A nationwide survey of the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the incidence of asthma in Korean adults." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0262715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262715.

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Background Asthma and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are chronic diseases known to be associated with metabolic abnormalities. We aimed to clarify the association between NAFLD and asthma incidence in a large population-based cohort. Methods and findings We selected 160,603 individuals without comorbidities from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample cohort between 2009 and 2014. NAFLD was defined using a surrogate marker, fatty liver index (FLI). During a median of 5.08 years’ follow-up, 16,377 subjects (10.2%) were newly diagnosed with asthma and categorized into three groups according to FLI. The cumulative incidence of asthma was higher in subjects with higher vs. lower FLIs (FLI < 30, 10.1%; 30 ≤ FLI < 60, 10.8%; FLI ≥ 60, 10.5%). Higher FLI was associated with an increased incidence of asthma (Hazard ratios (HR)highest vs. lowest FLI, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15–1.36). The results using another definition of NAFLD, as measured by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), were similar to the primary results. This association was more pronounced in women than in men (HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13–1.64 vs. HR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94–1.20). Conclusions This study demonstrated that NAFLD, as measured by FLI and HSI, may influence the incidence rates of asthma in adults, especially in women.

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Hohmann, Cynthia, Theresa Keller, Ulrike Gehring, Alet Wijga, Marie Standl, Inger Kull, Anna Bergstrom, et al. "Sex-specific incidence of asthma, rhinitis and respiratory multimorbidity before and after puberty onset: individual participant meta-analysis of five birth cohorts collaborating in MeDALL." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 6, no. 1 (September 2019): e000460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000460.

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IntroductionTo understand the puberty-related sex shift in the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis as single entities and as respiratory multimorbidities, we investigated if there is also a sex-specific and puberty-related pattern of their incidences.MethodsWe used harmonised questionnaire data from 18 451 participants in five prospective observational European birth cohorts within the collaborative MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy) project. Outcome definitions for IgE-associated and non-IgE-associated asthma, rhinitis and respiratory multimorbidity (first occurrence of coexisting asthma and rhinitis) were based on questionnaires and the presence of specific antibodies (IgE) against common allergens in serum. For each outcome, we used proportional hazard models with sex–puberty interaction terms and conducted a one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.ResultsGirls had a lower risk of incident asthma (adjusted HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.74), rhinitis (0.73, 0.69 to 0.78) and respiratory multimorbidity (0.58, 0.51 to 0.66) before puberty compared with boys. After puberty onset, these incidences became more balanced across the sexes (asthma 0.84, 0.64 to 1.10; rhinitis 0.90, 0.80 to 1.02; respiratory multimorbidity 0.84, 0.63 to 1.13). The incidence sex shift was slightly more distinct for non-IgE-associated respiratory diseases (asthma 0.74, 0.63 to 0.87 before vs 1.23, 0.75 to 2.00 after puberty onset; rhinitis 0.88, 0.79 to 0.98 vs 1.20, 0.98 to 1.47; respiratory multimorbidity 0.66, 0.49 to 0.88 vs 0.96, 0.54 to 1.71) than for IgE-associated respiratory diseases.DiscussionWe found an incidence ‘sex shift’ in chronic respiratory diseases from a male predominance before puberty to a more sex-balanced incidence after puberty onset, which may partly explain the previously reported sex shift in prevalence. These differences need to be considered in public health to enable effective diagnoses and timely treatment in adolescent girls.

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Matsuse, Hiroto, Tomoko Tsuchida, Susumu Fukahori, Tetsuya Kawano, Shinya Tomari, Nobuko Matsuo, Tomoya Nishino, Chizu Fukushima, and Shigeru Kohno. "Retrospective Cohort Study of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Therapy for Preventing Upper Respiratory Infection-Induced Acute Asthma Exacerbations." Allergy & Rhinology 4, no. 3 (January 2013): ar.2013.4.0062. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ar.2013.4.0062.

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Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) represent the most frequent cause of acute asthma exacerbations. It has yet to be determined whether leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) treatment prevents URI-induced acute asthma exacerbations in adults. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of LTRA treatment on URI-induced acute asthma exacerbations. The incidences of URI alone, acute asthma exacerbation without URI, and URI-induced acute asthma exacerbation were determined retrospectively by analyzing diary and medical records of 321 adult asthmatic patients (mean age, 56.3 ± 17.2 years; male/female ratio, 117:204) over 1 year. Results were compared between patients who had been taking an LTRA (n = 137) and those who had never taken any LTRA (n = 184) during the study periods. Significantly fewer URIs alone and acute asthma exacerbations without URI occurred in patients with than in those without prophylactic daily use of LTRA. LTRA treatment significantly reduced the durations of URIs alone and of total acute asthma exacerbations, as well as the incidence of mild exacerbations of asthma. In contrast, in patients with URI-induced acute asthma exacerbations, LTRA treatment failed to significantly reduce the interval between URI onset and acute asthma exacerbation, as well as the duration and severity of both URIs and acute asthma exacerbations. Use of an LTRA for adult asthmatic patients appears to reduce the incidences of URIs alone and acute asthma exacerbations without URI, but it failed to prevent URI-induced acute asthma exacerbations once a URI occurred.

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Chiang, Kuo-Liang, Fang-Chuan Kuo, Jen-Yu Lee, and Chin-Yin Huang. "Association of epilepsy and asthma: a population-based retrospective cohort study." PeerJ 6 (May 18, 2018): e4792. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4792.

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Background Epidemiologic data supporting the epilepsy–asthma association are insufficient. Therefore, we examined this association in this study. Methods By using claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (Taiwan), we executed a retrospective cohort analysis. Analysis 1 entailed comparing 150,827 patients diagnosed as having incident asthma during 1996–2013 with disease-free controls who were selected randomly during the same period, frequency matched in terms of age and sex. Similarly, analysis 2 entailed comparing 25,274 patients newly diagnosed as having epilepsy with sex- and age-matched controls who were selected randomly. At the end of 2013, we evaluated in analysis 1 the epilepsy incidence and risk and evaluated in analysis 2 the asthma incidence and risk. We applied Kaplan–Meier analysis to derive plots of the proportion of asthma-free seizures. Results In analysis 1, the asthma group exhibited a higher epilepsy incidence than did the control group (3.05 versus 2.26 per 1,000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.39, 95% CI [1.33–1.45]). We also noted a greater risk of subsequent epilepsy in women and girls. In analysis 2, we determined that the asthma incidence between the control and epilepsy groups did not differ significantly; however, some age subgroups including children and individuals in their 30s had an increased risk. A negative association was found in adolescents. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed epilepsy to be positively associated with subsequent onset of asthma within seven years of epilepsy diagnosis. Discussion Asthma may be associated with high epilepsy risk, and epilepsy may be associated with high asthma risk among children and individuals in their 30s. Nevertheless, people with epilepsy in other age subgroups should be aware of the possibility of developing asthma within seven years of epilepsy diagnosis.

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Rieckmann, Andreas, Ann Hærskjold, Christine Stabell Benn, Peter Aaby, Theis Lange, and Signe Sørup. "Measles, mumps and rubella vs diphtheria–tetanus–acellular-pertussis–inactivated-polio–Haemophilus influenzae type b as the most recent vaccine and risk of early ‘childhood asthma’." International Journal of Epidemiology 48, no. 6 (April 10, 2019): 2026–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz062.

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AbstractBackground and objectiveLive vaccines may have beneficial non-specific effects. We tested whether the live measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine compared with the non-live diphtheria–tetanus–acellular-pertussis–inactivated-polio–Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib) vaccine as the most recent vaccine was associated with less childhood asthma and fewer acute hospital contacts for childhood asthma among boys and girls.MethodsThis study is a nationwide register-based cohort study of 338 761 Danish children born between 1999 and 2006. We compared (i) the incidence of first-registered childhood asthma based on hospital contacts and drug prescriptions and (ii) the incidence of severe asthma defined as acute hospital contacts for childhood asthma between the ages of 15 and 48 months among children whose last received vaccine was three doses of DTaP-IPV-Hib and then MMR with children whose last received vaccine was three doses of DTaP-IPV-Hib.ResultsFor boys, following the recommended vaccine schedule of MMR after DTaP-IPV-Hib3 compared with DTaP-IPV-Hib3 as the last received vaccine, MMR was associated with 8.1 (95% confidence interval 3.9–12.3) fewer childhood asthma cases per 1000 boys, corresponding to 10% (5–15%) reduction in the cumulative incidence of childhood asthma. MMR, when given last, was also associated with 16.3 (95% confidence interval 12.7–20.0) fewer acute hospital admissions for childhood asthma per 1000 boys, corresponding to a 27% (22–31%) reduction in the cumulative incidence. No associations were seen for girls.ConclusionMMR may have a protective effect against childhood asthma for boys. This calls for an understanding of whether non-specific effects of vaccines can be used to optimize our vaccine programmes.

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Winta, Winta, Fransiska Fransiska, and Nova Nova. "Faktor–Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Asma Bronkial Pada Anak di Puskesmas Saitnihuta Kabupaten Humbanghasundutan." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research 1, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/jharma.v1i3.594.

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The prevalence of asthma in Indonesia above <1 year 1.1%, Asthma causes a loss of 16% of school days in children. To determine the factors that affect the incidence of bronchial asthma in children. Asthma is a condition in which the airway is narrowed due to hyperactivity to certain stimuli that cause inflammation. The research method used case control study method. The diagnosis of asthma is based on anamnesis, clinical signs, additional examination. The control group were children who were not found to have asthma based on anamnesis, clinical signs, additional examination by pediatricians. The data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and chi square test. The result of research of risk factors influencing the incidence of asthma are sex (OR = 8,25, 95% CI, 1,252-54,364; p = 0,028), pet ownership (OR = 30,65; 95% CI; 1,538-610; (OR = 19.27; 95% CI: 2,169-171,3; p = 0.008), family illness history (OR = 8,27; 95% CI; 1,505-45,434; p = 0.015), cigarette smoke (OR = 23,13; 95% CI; 4,141-129,2; p = <0.001). The probability of individuals for bronchial asthma with all risk factors was 46.51%. Risk factors that affect the incidence of bronchial asthma are gender, pet ownership, climate change, family history, cigarette smoke. Suggestion for the public to be vigilant if any occurrence of shortness of breath to immediately contact health officer for further management.

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Lorensia, Amelia, and Ratna Ayu Amalia. "STUDI FARMAKOVIGILANS PENGOBATAN ASMA PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI SUATU RUMAH SAKIT DI BOJONEGORO." Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 1, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51352/jim.v1i1.5.

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Background: Asthma is a respiratory disease with a large enough number of prevalence in the world. Asthma treatmentin hospital needs serious monitoring because of the risk to patient safety and increase the cost of treatment. One attempt to reduce the incidence of unwanted is the pharmacovigilance studies to improve patient safety.Purpose: to determine safety in terms of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and drug interactions of the treatment of inpatient asthmatic patients in a hospital.Methods: This is a non-experimental study with sampling using purposive sampling. Then the data were obtained from medical records were analyzed ADRs and drug interactions that occur using the library and shown descriptively.Results: The study sample as many as 43 people. The results showed there were 56 cases of ADRs on asthma medications, especially the use of nebulized salbutamol (57.14%). While the incidence of asthma therapy drug interactions there were 10 cases and the highest is aminophylline with salbutamol (14.29%).Conclusion: Treatment of asthma need to get to the ADR incidence and risk of drug interactions. Incidence of ADRs and drug interactions at most of the use of salbutamol which is relatively safe preference. This still needs to be done further research.

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Kivistö, Juho E., Jennifer L. P. Protudjer, Jussi Karjalainen, Anna Bergström, and Matti Korppi. "Trends in paediatric asthma hospitalisations – differences between neighbouring countries." Thorax 73, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209739.

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Paediatric asthma hospitalisation trends in Finland and Sweden over the past 10 years are unclear. We investigated the incidence of paediatric asthma hospitalisations in both countries from 2005 to 2014, using Finland's National Hospital Discharge Register and Sweden's National Patient Register which cover all hospitalisations in the respective countries. During the study period, the incidence of paediatric asthma hospitalisations decreased by 51% in Finland, but remained stable in Sweden. In both countries, asthma hospitalisations decreased over time among children aged 0–4 years, with unclear trends for older ages. The reasons for these intercountry differences are unclear, thus warranting future research.

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Shen, T.-C., C.-L. Lin, C. H. Liao, C.-C. Wei, F.-C. Sung, and C.-H. Kao. "Major depressive disorder is associated with subsequent adult-onset asthma: a population-based cohort study." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, no. 6 (September 19, 2016): 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000664.

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Aim.To examine the incidence of asthma in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods.From the National Health Insurance database of Taiwan, we identified 30 169 adult patients who were newly diagnosed with MDD between 2000 and 2010. Individuals without depression were randomly selected four times and frequency matched for sex, age and year of diagnosis. Both cohorts were followed-up for the occurrence of asthma up to the end of 2011. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of asthma were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards method.Results.The overall incidence of asthma was 1.91-fold higher in the MDD cohort than in the non-depression cohort (7.55 v. 3.96 per 1000 person-years), with an aHR of 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55–1.78). In both cohorts, the incidence of asthma was higher in patients and controls who were female, aged, with comorbidities and users of aspirin or beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. No significant difference was observed in the occurrence of asthma between patients with MDD treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and those treated with non-SSRIs (SSRIs to non-SSRIs aHR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.91–1.17).Conclusion.Adult patients with MDD are at a higher risk of asthma than those without depression are.

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Barros, R., P. Moreira, P. Padrão, V. H. Teixeira, P. Carvalho, L. Delgado, and A. Moreira. "Obesity increases the prevalence and the incidence of asthma and worsens asthma severity." Clinical Nutrition 36, no. 4 (August 2017): 1068–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.023.

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Lorensia, Amelia, and Nur Annisa Yuliana. "COMPARISON OF TREMOR RELATED ADVERSE DRUG REACTION BETWEEN INTRAVENOUS AMINOPHYLLINE AND NEBULIZED SALBUTAMOL FOR ASTHMA EXACERBATION TREATMENT." Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v4i1.692.

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The Department of Health estimates that asthma including 10 major causes of morbidity and mortality in the hospital. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that is becoming a serious health problem in many countries around the world. Drugs used in the treatment of asthma exacerbations is salbutamol and aminophylline. Drugs such as salbutamol and aminophylline can cause ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction) in the form of tremor with a sign involuntary shaking part of the hand. This research was conducted at the RSAL Dr. Oepomo to sample Aminofilin and in hospitals Seowandi to sample Salbutamol. The method used was quasi experimental. This study was conducted to compare the incidence of tremor in both asthma drug that is often used for the treatment of asthma such as Salbutamol and Aminofilin. The results of this study indicate there are differences in the incidence rate of ADR-related tremor between salbutamol and Aminofilin. Knowing the difference in incidence rate of tremor between aminophylline and salbutamol can assist in the selection of treatment which safer to avoid the effects of tremors that can occur from the use of of drugs asthma exacerbations.

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Plehiers, Patrick M., Anne H. Chappelle, and Mark W. Spence. "Practical learnings from an epidemiology study on TDI-related occupational asthma: Part I—Cumulative exposure is not a good indicator of risk." Toxicology and Industrial Health 36, no. 11 (August 31, 2020): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233720947202.

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The anonymized data of an epidemiology study on incidence of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-related occupational asthma in three US-based TDI production facilities have been reanalyzed to identify where to best focus exposure reduction efforts in industrial practice to reduce the risk of sensitization to TDI. Since the induction of sensitization has sometimes been attributed to cumulative exposure, this relationship was examined first. Gross cumulative exposure values (i.e. not taking into account whether respiratory protection was used or not) and net cumulative exposure values (i.e. accounting for the use of respiratory protection) per participant were calculated based on the duration of their study participation and the average time-weighted average value of the exposure group to which they belonged. These two sets of cumulative exposure data were compared with asthma incidence using logistic regression. Incidence was zero among workers who rarely come into contact with open plant systems (e.g. during maintenance or spills). Notwithstanding, no statistically significant relationship between asthma incidence and either gross or net cumulative exposure could be determined. This is shown to be consistent with the results of several other epidemiology studies on TDI-related occupational asthma. In conclusion, cumulative exposure values are not a good indicator of the risk of developing TDI-related occupational asthma.

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Hamdin, Tri Wira Jati Kusuma, Risky Irawan, Dian Rahadianti, and Kadek Dwi Pramana. "HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN STATUS KONTROL PASIEN ASMA DI RSUD KOTA MATARAM TAHUN 2019." JURNAL KEDOKTERAN 6, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.36679/kedokteran.v6i2.314.

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Latar Belakang: Asma merupakan salah satu masalah utama baik di negara maju dan negera berkembang. Pada tahun 2017 angka kejadian asma di berbagai negara sekitar 1-18% dan diperkirakan sebanyak 300 juta penduduk di dunia menderita asma menurut Global Initiatif for Astma (GINA). Kejadian asma dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor diantaranya usia, jenis kelamin, perokok aktif maupun pasif, genetik, Indeks massa tubuh (IMT. Penurunan faal paru dapat diakibatkan IMT berlebih kurang sehingga meningkatkan terjadinya asma. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan salah satu faktor pejamu penyebab asma yang dapat di modifikasi karena reversibel. Seseorang dengan IMT berlebih (over-weight-obesitas) maupun IMT kurang (underweight) cenderung memiliki perubahan pada sistem tubuh yang menimbulkan perburukan pada asma sehingga menjadi tidak terkontrol. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan indek massa tubuh dengan status kontrol pasien asma di RSUD Kota Mataram Tahun 2019. IMT bersifat Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analitik observasional, dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien asma yang menjalani rawat jalan di RSUD Kota Mataram 2019. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 118 orang. Analisis data menggunakan rank spearman. Hasil: Hasil analisis menggunakan Rank Spearmen didapatkan nilai p-value 0,000 (p-value 0,05), yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara IMT dengan status kontrol pasien asma di RSUD Kota Mataram tahun 2019. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan status kontrol pasien asma di RSUD Kota Mataram tahun 2019.Kata Kunci: Indeks Massa Tubuh, Status Kontrol, Asma. ABSTRACTBackground: Asthma is one of the main problems in both developed and developing countries. In 2017 the prevalence of asthma incidence in various countries was around 1-18% and an estimated 300 million people in the world suffer from asthma according to the Global Initiatif for Astma (GINA). The asthma incidence influenced by many factors. These factors include age, sex, active and passive smoker, genetics, body mass index (BMI). Decreased lung function can be caused by excess BMI and low BMI which increases the asthma insidence. Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the factors of host that caused asthma can be modified because they were reversible. A person with an over-weight-obesity and underweight BMI tends was have changes in the body's systems that worsen asthma so that becomes uncontrollable. Purpose: Knowing the correlation between body mass index and control status of asthma patients at RSUD Kota Mataram in 2019. Methods: This reseacrh was an observational analytic study, with a cross sectional design. The data source used in this study is secondary data from the medical records of asthma patients who was undergoing outpatient care at the Mataram City Hospital 2019. Data was collected from 118 samples. Data analysis used rank spearman. Results There is a correlation between Body Mass Index and the control status of asthma patients at Mataram City Hospital in 2019. Key Words: Asthma, body mass index, asthma control status.Key Words: body mass index, control status, asthma.

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Barros, R., A. Moreira, P. Padrão, V. H. Teixeira, P. Carvalho, L. Delgado, C. Lopes, M. Severo, and P. Moreira. "Dietary patterns and asthma prevalence, incidence and control." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 45, no. 11 (October 15, 2015): 1673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12544.

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Martins, Marta, José Figueiredo, António Moreira, António J. Silva, Aldo M. Costa, Júlio Martins, Jefferson S. Novaes, and Daniel A. Marinho. "Asthma Incidence Symptoms And Swimming Practice In Children." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (May 2010): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000385158.12839.b6.

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