Дисертації з теми "Associative recognition memory"
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1
Whitt, Emma. "Associative processes in recognition memory." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12289/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recognition memory, or the discrimination between novelty and familiarity, is well predicted by an associative model of memory (Wagner’s SOP). In this thesis I examined predictions from this model concerning priming of stimuli, and stimulus spacing, in rats’ object recognition. Priming of an object resulted in a bias in behaviour towards the non-primed object. This may be due to associative processes, as described by the SOP model. Spacing stimuli in a sample stage of an object recognition task resulted in longer-lasting or better discrimination in a test of familiar versus novel object, as predicted by the model. Incorporating a short or long delay between sample and test led to better discrimination after a short delay, though differences in stimulus spacing conditions at each delay were not significant. I also examined recognition using stimulus generalisation. Generalisation of a conditioned response occurred between stimuli that shared elements of familiarity. Although not significant, familiarity generalisation may have been less apparent in animals with lesions to perirhinal cortex, providing some support for the suggestion that perirhinal cortex has a role in novelty/familiarity discrimination. The main conclusion was that recognition memory, as measured by the object recognition and generalisation tasks, might involve associative processes.
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Greenberg, Jeffrey Alexander. "A Single Trial Analysis of EEG in Associative Recognition Memory: Tracking the Neural Correlates of Associative Memory Strength." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1415700019.
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Graham, Brittany Shauna. "Mechanisms supporting recognition memory during music listening." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42848.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated the concurrent effects of arousal and encoding specificity as related to background music on associative memory accuracy. Extant literature suggested these factors affect memory, but their combined effect in musical stimuli was not clear and may affect memory differentially for young and older adults. Specifically, we sought to determine if music can be used as a mnemonic device to overcome the associative memory deficits typically experienced by healthy older adults. We used a paired-associates memory task in which young and older adults listened to either highly or lowly arousing music or to silence while simultaneously studying same gender face-name pairs. Participants' memory was then tested for these pairs while listening to either the same or different music selections. We found that young adults' memory performance was not affected by any of the music listening conditions. Music listening, however, was detrimental for older adults. Specifically, their memory performance was worse for all music conditions, particularly if the music was highly arousing. Young adults' pattern of results was not reflected in their subjective ratings of helpfulness; they felt that all music was helpful to their performance yet there was no indication of this in the results. Older adults were more aware of the detriment of music on their performance, rating some highly arousing music as less helpful than silence. We discuss possible reasons for this pattern and conclude that these results are most consistent with the theory that older adults' failure to inhibit processing of distracting task-irrelevant information, in this case background music, contributes to their elevated memory failures.
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Murray, Jamie G. "Associative recognition : exploring the contributions of recollection and familiarity." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21663.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Episodic memory refers to the storage and retrieval of information about events in our past. According to dual process models, episodic memory is supported by familiarity which refers to the rapid and automatic sense of oldness about a previously encoded stimulus, and recollection which refers to the retrieval of contextual information, such as spatial, temporal or other contextual details that bring a specific item to mind. To be clear, familiarity is traditionally assumed to support recognition of item information, whereas recollection supports the recognition of associative information. Event Related Potential (ERP) studies provide support for dual process models, by demonstrating qualitatively distinct patterns of neural activity associated with familiarity (Mid-Frontal old/new effect) and recollection (Left-Parietal old/new effect). In the current thesis, ERPs were used to address two important questions regarding associative recognition – namely, the function of the neural signal supporting recollection and whether familiarity can contribute to the retrieval of novel associative information. The first series of experiments was aimed at addressing how recollection operates by employing a recently developed continuous source task designed to directly measure the accuracy of retrieval success. To date, the function of recollection has been fiercely debated, with some arguing that recollection reflects the operation of a continuous retrieval process, whereby test cues always elicit some information from memory. Alternatively, recollection may reflect the operation of a thresholded process that allows for retrieval failure, whereby test cues sometimes elicit no information from memory at all. In the current thesis, the Left Parietal effect was found to be sensitive to the precision of memory responses when recollection succeeded, but was entirely absent when recollection failed. The result clarifies the nature of the neural mechanism underlying successful retrieval whilst also providing novel evidence in support of threshold models of recollection. The second series of experiments addressed whether familiarity could contribute to the retrieval of novel associative information. Recent associative recognition studies have suggested that unitization (whereby multi-component stimuli are encoded as a single item rather than as a set of associated parts) can improve episodic memory by increasing the availability of familiarity during retrieval. To date, however, ERP studies have failed to provide any evidence of unitization for novel associations, whereas behavioural support for unitization is heavily reliant on model specific measures such as ROC analysis. Over three separate associative recognition studies employing unrelated word pairs, the magnitude of the Mid-Frontal old/new effect was found to be modulated by encoding instructions designed to manipulate the level of unitization. Importantly, the results also suggest that different encoding strategies designed to manipulate the level of unitization may be more successful than others. Finally, the results also revealed that differences in behavioural performance and modulation of the Mid-Frontal old/new effect between unitized and non-unitized instructions is greater for unrelated compared to related word pairs. In essence, the results suggest that unitization is better suited to learning completely novel associations as opposed to word pairs sharing a pre-existing conceptual relationship. Overall, the data presented in this thesis supports dual process accounts of episodic memory, suggesting that at a neural level of analysis, recollection is both thresholded and variable, whilst also supporting the assumption that familiarity can contribute to successful retrieval of novel associative information. The results have important implications for our current understanding of cognitive decline and the development of behavioural interventions aimed at alleviating associative deficits.
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Sabec, Marie Helen. "Nicotinic receptor regulation of glutamatergic transmission is essential for associative recognition memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.738552.
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Savalli, Giorgia. "An investigation of the neural basis of associative recognition memory in the rat." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Object-in-place (OIP) memory is a form of associative recognition memory which relies on the formation of an association between an object and the place in which such object was encountered. Existing evidence shows that OIP memory depends upon a circuit of neural regions which include the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), perirhinal cortex (PRH) and hippocampus (HPC). The aim of this thesis was to characterise further the cellular mechanisms which underlie OIP associative memory in the rat. Several lines of research have shown that mPFC, PRH and HPC receive a substantial dopaminergic projection and that in these areas dopamine plays a critical role in modulating plasticity and memory processes. In the first part of this thesis the role of dopamine neurotransmission within mPFC, PRH and HPC for OIP memory was investigated. Guide cannulae were implanted in the regions of interest to allow local infusion of the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 and OIP memory was tested using a spontaneous OlP memory task. Oopaminergic neurotransmission through D1 receptors was found to be required in mPFC for acquisition, but not for consolidation or retrieval, of both short-term and long-term OlP memory. In contrast direct infusion of SCH23390 into PRH or HPC produced no impairment in memory. Further, a possible role of dopamine through D2 receptors was excluded, as intra-mPFC infusion of the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride did not cause any impairment in the task. These results demonstrated that dopaminergic neurotransmission via 01 receptors was selectively involved in the acquisition of OIP memory in the mPFC. The next series of experiments investigated the synaptic plasticity mechanism underlying long-term (24 h) OIP memory within the mPFC. Local blockade of PKMzeta, a protein critical for LTP, through infusion of the selective inhibitor ZIP, impaired OIP memory performance either when infused prior the sample or 5 h before the test. an the contrary, infusion of the synthetic peptide GluR2-3Y, a molecule critical for LTO, either before the sample phase or 5 h before the test, did not show any memory impairment. These findings suggested that an LTP-like, rather than an LTO-like, mechanism occurs both during the encoding and the maintenance of OIP memory. The final series of experiments presented in this thesis aimed to investigate whether other brain regions, beyond mPFC, PRH or HPC, were involved in OlP associative recognition memory. Neuronal activity was measured through the differential expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and zif268, following presentation of novel or familiar arrangements of visual stimuli. However here were no significant differences in levels of neuronal activation following the presentation of novel and familiar stimuli in any of the areas analysed, a finding which may relate to procedural issues in the presentation of the visual stimuli.
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Basawaraj. "Implementation of Memory for Cognitive Agents Using Biologically Plausible Associative Pulsing Neurons." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1561721551043877.
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de, Sousa Giseli. "Optimization of neuronal morphologies for pattern recognition." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/8646.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis addresses the problem of how the dendritic structure and other morphological properties of the neuron can determine its pattern recognition performance. The techniques used in this work for generating dendritic trees with different morphologies included the following three methods. Firstly, dendritic trees were produced by exhaustively generating every possible morphology. Where this was not possible due to the size of morphological space, I sampled systematically from the possible morphologies. Lastly, dendritic trees were evolved using an evolutionary algorithm, which varied existing morphologies using selection, mutation and crossover. From these trees, I constructed full compartmental conductance-based models of neurons. I then assessed the performance of the resulting neuronal models by quantifying their ability to discriminate between learned and novel input patterns. The morphologies generated were tested in the presence and absence of active conductances. The results have shown that the morphology does have a considerable effect on pattern recognition performance. In fact, neurons with a small mean depth of their dendritic tree are the best pattern recognizers. Moreover, the performance of neurons is anti-correlated with mean depth. Interestingly, the symmetry of the neuronal morphology does not correlate with performance. This research has also revealed that the evolutionary algorithm could find effective morphologies for both passive models and models with active conductances. In the active model, there was a considerable change in the performance of the original population of neurons, which largely resulted from changes in the morphological parameters such as dendritic compartmental length and tapering. However, no single parameter setting guaranteed good neuronal performance; in three separate runs of the evolutionary algorithm, different sets of well performing parameters were found. In fact, the evolved neurons performed at least five times better than the original hand-tuned neurons. In summary, the combination of morphological parameters plays a key role in determining the performance of neurons in the pattern recognition task and the right combination produces very well performing neurons.
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Osth, Adam Frederick. "Sources of interference in item and associative recognition memory: Insights from a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of a global matching model." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397136173.
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Kriukova, Olga [Verfasser], and Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Mecklinger. "The impact of categorical and thematic relations on associative recognition memory / Olga Kriukova. Betreuer: Axel Mecklinger." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1052550770/34.
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Cushman, Kristen L. "Age Differences in Reward Anticipation and Memory." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1220.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aging research on item- and associative-recognition memory has demonstrated that older adults are deficient in forming associations between two unrelated stimuli. Although older adult performance on tests of item-recognition is similar to younger adult performance, older adults perform worse than younger adults on tests of associative memory (Naveh-Benjamin, Hussain, Guez, & Bar-On, 2003). In addition to the idea that younger adult performance on associative-recognition tests is superior to that of older adults, research has shown that reward cues can enhance motivated learning and item memory performance of younger adults. In an fMRI study that examined the influence of reward anticipation on episodic memory formation, Adcock and colleagues (2006) examined memory performance in response to reward cues that preceded single stimuli and found that young adult participants remembered more stimuli associated with high value reward cues than those associated with low value reward cues. The aim of the current study was to examine whether reward cues that precede a stimulus pair might enhance an association between two stimuli and influence younger and older adult performance on tests of item- and associative-recognition. Our study confirms the idea that while older adult memory for individual items is intact, older adult memory for associations is impaired (Naveh-Benjamin et al., 2003). The results supported the idea that younger and older adult item-recognition is better for high versus low reward cues, but the reward cues had no influence on the associative-recognition of either age group. Therefore, the age-related associative deficit was not improved by reward cues that preceded each stimulus pair.
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Bader, Regine [Verfasser], and Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Mecklinger. "Using unitization as encoding strategy in associative recognition memory : behavioral, fMRI, and ERP evidence / Regine Bader. Betreuer: Axel Mecklinger." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1081077506/34.
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Desaunay, Pierre. "Etudes comportementale et électrophysiologique de la mémoire dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme Memory in autism spectrum disorders : a meta-analysis of experimental studies Prospective memory in adolescents with autism : a preliminary study of the impact memory load Impact of semantic relatedness on associative memory : an ERP study Exploring the ERP time-cours of associative recognition in autism Autisme et connectivité cérébrale : contribution des études de neuroimagerie à la compréhension des signes cliniques." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La mémoire est une fonction cognitive majeure, support de nos souvenirs personnels, et permettant les apprentissages et les résultats académiques. Son étude dans les troubles du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) est principalement comportementales et peu imagerique, avec une hétérogénéité de résultats et certain domaines peu explorés. Dans cette perspective, nous présentons dans cette thèse les résultats d’une méta-analyse de la mémoire dans les TSA, des résultats comportementaux en mémoire prospective event-based, et des données préliminaires en électroencéphalographie (EEG). Les résultats de la méta-analyse suggèrent des difficultés globales en mémoire dans les TSA, mais des performances d’autant meilleures que les tâches mnésiques ont un chevauchement important avec le système de mémoire sémantique : mémoire épisodique, matériel verbal, récupération avec support (rappel indicé, reconnaissance). Nous identifions des difficultés en mémoire prospective event-based, et des stratégies de compensation de nature verbale. L’étude des potentiels évoqués de la tâche en EEG suggère des difficultés en mémoire associative visuel pouvant résulter d’une diminution de l’intégration précoce des informations perceptuelles visuelles et sémantiques. Ces résultats suggèrent des difficultés mnésiques dans certains domaines, pouvant s’intégrer au modèle de la sous-connectivité dans les TSA. La mise en évidence de compétences mnésiques préservées est un élément important, pouvant s’associer, sur le plan cognitif, à un chevauchement plus important avec le système de mémoire sémantique, et sur le plan physiologique, à des réseaux de connectivité préservéeMemory is a main cognitive function, supporting our personal memories and enabling learning and academic results. Its study in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly behavioral, with heterogeneous results or underexplored domains. In this perspective, we present in this thesis the results of a meta-analysis of memory in ASD, behavioral results on event-based prospective memory, and preliminary results in electroencephalography (EEG). Results of the meta-analysis suggest overall difficulties in memory in ASD, but higher performance when greater overlap between the memory tasks and the semantic memory system, i.e. episodic memory, verbal material, supported retrieval (cued recall, recognition). We identify difficulties in event-based prospective memory, and verbal compensatory strategies. Study of Event Related Potentials in the EEG task suggests difficulties in visual associative memory that may result from a diminution in the early integration of perceptual visual and semantic information. Together, these results suggest some memory difficulties that may result from under-connectivity in ASD. By contrast, preserved memory domains are important, and may be associated on the cognitive level, with a greater overlap of the memory tasks with the semantic memory system, and on the physiological level, with networks of preserved connectivity
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Esmi, Estevão 1982. "Modelos modificados de redes neurais morfológicas." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Peter SussnerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T05:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Esmi_Estevao_M.pdf: 1708768 bytes, checksum: 81d1d15b597bdc13e41b87c4847aa2f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Redes neurais morfológicas (MNN) são redes neurais artificiais cujos nós executam operações elementares da morfologia matemática (MM). Vários modelos de MNNs e seus respectivos algoritmos de treinamentos têm sido propostos nos últimos anos, incluindo os perceptrons morfológicos(MPs), o perceptron morfológico com dendritos, as memórias associativas morfológicas (fuzzy), as redes neurais morfológicas modulares e as redes neurais de pesos compartilhados e regularizados. Aplicações de MNNs incluem reconhecimento de padrão, previsão de séries temporais, detecção de alvos, auto-localização e processamento de imagens hiperespectrais. Nesta tese, abordamos dois novos modelos de redes neurais morfológicas.O primeiro consiste em uma memória associativa fuzzy denominada KS-FAM, e o segundo representa uma nova versão do perceptron morfológico para problemas de classificação de múltiplas classes, denominado perceptron morfológico com aprendizagem competitiva(MP/CL). Para ambos modelos, investigamos e demonstramos várias propriedades. Em particular para a KS-FAM, caracterizamos as condições para que uma memória seja perfeitamente recordada, assim como a formada saída produzida ao apresentar um padrão de entrada qualquer. Provamos ainda que o algoritmo de treinamento do MP/CL converge em um número finito de passos e que a rede produzida independe da ordem com que os padrões de treinamento são apresentados. Além disso, é garantido que o MP/CL resultante classifica perfeitamente todos os dados de treinamento e não produz regiões de indecisões. Finalmente, comparamos os desempenhos destes modelos com os de outros modelos similares em uma série de experimentos, que incluir e conhecimento de imagens em tons de cinza, para a KS-FAM, e classificação de vários conjuntos de dados disponíveis na internet, para o MP/CL
Abstract: Morphological neural networks (MNN) are artificial neural networks whose hidden neurons perform elementary operations of mathematical morphology (MM). Several particular models of MNNs have been proposed in recent years, including morphological perceptrons (MPs), morphological perceptrons with dendrites, (fuzzy) morphological associative memories, modular morphological neural networks as well as morphological shared-weight and regularization neural networks. Applications of MNNs include pattern recognition, time series prediction, target detection, self-location, and hyper-spectral image processing. In this thesis, we present two new models of morphological neural networks. The first one consists of a fuzzy associative memory called KS-FAM. The second one represents a novel version of the morphological perceptron for classification problems with multiple classes called morphological perceptron with competitive learning(MP/CL). For both KS-FAM and MP/CL models, we investigated and showed several properties. In particular, we characterized the conditions for perfect recall using the KS-FAM as well as the outputs produced upon presentation of an arbitrary input patern. In addition, we proved that the learning algorithm of the MP/CL converges in a finite number of steps and that the results produced after the conclusion of the training phase do not depend on the order in which the training patterns are presented to the network. Moreover, the MP/CL is guaranteed to perfectly classify all training data without generating any regions of indecision. Finaly, we compared the performances of our new models and a range of competing models in terms of a series of experiments in gray-scale image recognition (in case of the KS-FAM) and classification using several well-known datasets that are available on the internet (in case of the MP/CL)
Mestrado
Matematica Aplicada
Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
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Dörfel, Denise. "Functional Investigations into the Recognition Memory Network, its Association with Genetic Polymorphisms and Implications for Disorders of Emotional Memory." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39423.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent research, that has been focused on recognition memory, has revealed that two processes contribute to recognition of previously encountered items: recollection and familiarity (Aggleton & Brown, 1999; Eichenbaum, 2006; Eichenbaum, Yonelinas, & Ranganath, 2007; Rugg & Yonelinas, 2003; Skinner & Fernandes, 2007; Squire, Stark, & Clark, 2004; Wixted, 2007a; Yonelinas, 2001a; Yonelinas, 2002). The findings of neural correlates of recollection and familiarity lead to the assumption that there are different brain regions activated in either process, but there are, to the best of my knowledge, no studies assessing how these brain regions are working together in a recollection or a familiarity network, respectively. Additionally, there are almost no studies to date, which directly searched for overlapping regions. Therefore, in study I of the current thesis, brain regions associated to both recognition processes are searched investigated. Additionally, a connectivity analysis will search for functional correlated brain activations that either build a recollection or a familiarity network.
It is undoubtable that the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is strongly involved in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (Bramham & Messaoudi, 2005) and there is evidence that a genetic variant of this neurotrophin (BDNF 66Met) is related to poorer memory performance (Egan, et al., 2003). Therefore, in study II of the current thesis, the effect of BDNF Val66Met on recollection and familiarity performance and related brain activations is investigated.
Finally, one could summarize, that serotonin, like BDNF, is strongly involved in brain development and plasticity as well as in learning and memory processes (Vizi, 2008). More precisely, there is evidence for alterations in the structure of brain regions, which are known to be involved in emotional memory formation and retrieval, like amygdala and hippocampus (Frodl, et al., 2008; Munafo, Brown, & Hariri, 2008; Pezawas, et al., 2005). One study found an slight epistatic effect of BDNF and 5-HTTLPR on the grey matter volume of the amygdala (Pezawas, et al., 2008). Therefore, in study III, it is investigated if such an interaction effect could be substantiated for the amygdala and additionally revealed for the hippocampus.
The results of the current thesis allow further comprehension of recollection, hence episodic memory, and point to a special role of the BDNF in temporal and prefrontal brain regions. Additionally, the finding of an epistatic effect between BDNF and serotonin transporter function point to the need of analyzing interactions between genes and also between genes and environmental factors which reveals more information than the study of main effects alone.
In conclusion, analyzing behavioral and neural correlates of episodic memory reveal allowed insights in brain functions that may serve as guideline for future studies in clinical populations with memory deficits, including susceptibility factors such as good or bad environment, as well as promising gene variants that influence episodic memory.
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Borlase, Megan Alana. "The Effects of Picture and Word Presentations on Recognition and Memory Accuracy in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the false memory rates for word and picture Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists in children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Deese (1959), Roediger and McDermott (1995) developed the DRM paradigm as a method for testing the effects of semantic intrusion on the creation of false recollections. This method is used in the current thesis to test false memory in participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a disorder characterised by social, language and behavioural deficits. False memory studies of adults with this disorder have had conflicting results and found ASD participants have lower or similar false memory rates to controls. Experiment 1 compared false memory rates in 11 children, 11 adolescents and 5 adults with ASD to 15 children, 11 adolescents and 7 adult controls. ASD participants had higher false critical lure rates and lower studied item recognition rates than controls regardless of age. Adolescents had higher false and studied memory than children while adults had higher studied but lower false recognition rates than the younger groups. Due to the use of short DRM lists the adult participants recognised the fewest critical lures. In Experiment 2 there were 6 ASD children and 9 ASD adolescents compared with 6 control children and 9 control adolescents who were all tested both individually and in collaborative trios. Collaboration was beneficial to ASD adolescents and control children and adolescents by reducing false recognition and increasing studied item recognition. Collaboration was more beneficial for ASD adolescents and control children in the correct rejection of critical lures and for control adolescents in the recognition of studied items possibly due to decision making techniques. Critical lure recognition did not vary between collaborative trios and individuals and studied item recognition was decreased by collaboration in the ASD children. The observed decision making techniques employed revealed a clear pattern in social development and suggest ASD adolescents, but not ASD children, would benefit from group work. Overall the findings of this study, when taken into context with previous DRM studies, suggest that ASD participants have a delay in their social development and in the development of their association networks.
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Fabre, Michel. "Etude de courbes : application a la reconnaissance de formes planes partiellement cachees." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13171.
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Kompus, Kristiina. "How the past becomes present neural mechanisms governing retrieval from episodic memory /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå university, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-31873.
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LI, DONG-TAI, and 李東泰. "An application of bidirectional associative memory on object images recognition." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03716453827106257085.
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GONG, CHUN-YING, and 龔純瑩. "The study of bidirectional associative memory model and pattern recognition." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82237096841192586569.
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Chen, Chein-Kon, and 陳建光. "An Application of Fuzzy Associative Memory Model to Object Images Recognition." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91213617145655904356.
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Zhang, Ming. "A study on associative memory classifier and its application in character recognition." Thesis, 1992. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/4716/1/NN84671.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A novel neural network classifier, called associative memory classifier, is developed in this thesis modeled upon associative memory network. It is studied for its application potential in the recognition problem of large number categories, such as that of Chinese characters. The major findings of this work are in three aspects. First of all, it is found that a feed forward associative memory network can become a suitable pattern classifier by an appropriate selection of its output vectors, called inner codes. The classification ability of an associative memory classifier is determined ultimately by the distinctiveness of its input patterns, but a set of properly selected inner codes may help the classifier to approach the limit of its capability. In the next place, seeking for better inner coding schemes should be in connection with each specific case on the basis of input patterns' characteristics. Attempts to resolve this problem by enumeration will lead to a non-polynomial complexity which is computationally infeasible. On the other hand, real-life data are usually mathematically undescribable. Hence, a practical way to find such schemes is to work out an optimization strategy first under some ideal conditions, then apply it to the real data with remedial measures. Thirdly, when an associative memory network is used as a pattern classifier, if the feature patterns are transformed into a form more suitable to it, the performance of the entire system can be improved significantly. Also, due to the parallel computation mode of neural networks, data reduction is not a problem any longer. Therefore in addition to stable feature detection, the other objective in feature extraction here has been changed to the improvement of feature patterns suitability to the currently used neural classifier. All these findings are verified by computer simulation with sets of common and similar multi-font Chinese characters. Our experiments are conducted presently using more than two hundred and fifty categories for a single-level classifier. To test the robustness of the system and make it meet the needs of practical use, similarities are introduced into the testing data by characters which look alike and printed in different fonts.
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Chang, Yin Ts'un, and 張銀村. "An Application of Three Order Bidirectional Associative Memory Model to Pattern Recognition." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76440309429027389578.
Повний текст джерела
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Hamm, Nicholas. "State-trace analysis of associative recognition: comparing single-process and dual-process models." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/85199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate competing explanations of the processes underlying associative recognition. Like recognition memory for individual items, associative recognition is currently understood through two different classes of model. The first is the single-process model class which holds that associative recognition decisions are based on a continuum of associative memory strength. The second is the dual-process model class, which holds that associative recognition decisions are based on two sources of information, called familiarity and recollection. Familiarity is conceptualised as a fast-acting, context-free „feeling of knowing‟, while recollection is said to be a slower, more conscious process allowing for the recall of detail and context. Familiarity may play a role in associative recognition through a mechanism called unitisation, whereby two distinct stimuli are bound into a single individual memory trace. State-trace analysis is a method to determine the number of latent variables or processes that contribute to performance on a set of tasks, under mild assumptions. A critical diagnostic feature is the dimensionality of the state-trace plot – a plot of performance on one dependent variable against the other. If associative recognition depends on a single latent variable then manipulation of experimental factors affecting memory should result in a unidimensional state-trace plot. If associative recognition depends on two or more latent variables which are differentially affected by the experimental factors then a bidimensional state-trace will result. State-trace analysis therefore provides a method of discriminating a class of single-process models from a class of dual-process models. State-trace analysis was applied to associative recognition in four experiments. Each experiment utilised two independent variables that previous research had suggested could differentially affect familiarity and recollection. Experiment 1 investigated associative recognition of word pairs by manipulating attention and study presentation frequency. Experiments 2 investigated associative recognition of word pairs under conditions designed to encourage unitisation by pairing an encoding-based unitisation manipulation with a working memory load manipulation. Experiment 3 manipulated the same unitisation instructions as well as varying study time. Experiment 4 examined the effect of unitisation using pairs of faces and manipulated visual similarity and study time. State-trace analysis of the four experiments consistently revealed unidimensional state-trace plots. Using a recently developed monotonic regression statistical test, unidimensionality could not be rejected at either aggregate or individual participant level. Therefore, no evidence was found for the differential activation of familiarity and recollection in associative recognition. The results of this thesis are therefore consistent with a single-process account of associative recognition. These results also pose a challenge to dual-process models to identify alternate experimental manipulations that reveal the involvement of different component processes such as recollection and unitized familiarity.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2014
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Shih, Jau-Ling, and 石昭玲. "2-D Invariant Pattern Recognition Using a Backpropogation Network Improved by Distributed Associative Memory." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47410554866730966852.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程研究所
82
In this paper, a system included image preprocessing and neural networks is proposed. The various function units of the image processing are used to obtain an invariant image representation in the beginning of the system. The space of the neural networks weights can be reduced by using the reduction of the feature dimension before the preprocessed feature applied to the networks.Then, several kinds of the neural models are proposed for pattern recognition : (1) distributed associative memory (DAM), (2) backpropagation network(BPN), (3)DAM combined with BPN, and(4)BPN with the associative memory as initial weights. In the case of (3), this hierarchical networks consist of two levels of neural networks. In the low level, a DAM receives the output vectors of image preprocessing functions to create a system which recognizes pattern regardless of changes in scale or rotation. The higher level is a two- layers BPN which recives the recalled information from the memorized database of the lower level. This neural networks use a BPN after the DAM can raise the recognition ratio in comparison with a DAM, and be faster than a BPN.In the case of (4), the training of the BPN speeds up much because this neural networks use a associative memory of a DAM as initial weights of the first layer of te BPN. Experiment results show that the system can recognize all the patterns correctly when the percentage of the white noises is under under 20% for the case (3) and (4).
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Hsiao, Hui Chin, and 蕭惠卿. "Associative-Memory Model Based on Phases of Fourier Transform and Its Application in Pattern Recognition." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58619850970921002092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士中原大學
應用物理學系
82
Combing the Patterns and their Phases of Fourier transform, bidirectional associative-memory models will be constructed. To execute the learning process, the least-mean-square approach is adopted. The pattern recognition will be studied with the trained associative-memory model and fuzzy logic algorithm. The result of recognition is carried out by computer simulation.
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Iyengar, Vijeth. "Contributions Of the Human Medial Prefrontal Cortex To Associative Recognition Memory: Evidence From Functional Neuroimaging." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neuroimaging studies of episodic memory, or memory of events from our personal past, have predominantly focused their attention on medial temporal lobe (MTL). There is growing acknowledgement however, from the cognitive neuroscience of memory literature, that regions outside the MTL can support episodic memory processes. The medial prefrontal cortex is one such region garnering increasing interest from researchers. Using behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures, over two studies, this thesis provides evidence of a mnemonic role of the medial PFC. In the first study, participants were scanned while judging the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with the sociopolitical views of unfamiliar individuals. Behavioral tests of associative recognition revealed that participants remembered with high confidence viewpoints previously linked with judgments of strong agreement/disagreement. Neurally, the medial PFC mediated the interaction between high-confidence associative recognition memory and beliefs associated with strong agree/disagree judgments. In an effort to generalize this finding to well-established associative information, in the second study, we investigated associative recognition memory for real-world concepts. Object-scene pairs congruent or incongruent with a preexisting schema were presented to participants in a cued-recall paradigm. Behavioral tests of conceptual and perceptual recognition revealed memory enhancements arising from strong resonance between presented pairs and preexisting schemas. Neurally, the medial PFC tracked increases in visual recall of schema-congruent pairs whereas the MTL tracked increases in visual recall of schema-incongruent pairs. Additionally, ventral areas of the medial PFC tracked conceptual components of visual recall specifically for schema-congruent pairs. These findings are consistent with a recent theoretical proposal of medial PFC contributions to memory for schema-related content. Collectively, these studies provide evidence of a role for the medial PFC in associative recognition memory persisting for associative information deployed in our daily social interactions and for those associations formed over multiple learning episodes. Additionally, this set of findings advance our understanding of the cognitive contributions of the medial PFC beyond its canonical role in processes underlying social cognition.
Dissertation
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Štroffek, Július. "Biologicky motivovaná autoasociativní neuronová síť s dynamickými synapsemi." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391391.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents biologically motivated neural network model which works as an auto-associative memory. Architecture of the presented model is similar to the architecture of the Hopfield network which might be similar to some parts of the hippocampal network area CA3 (Cornu Amonis). Patterns learned and retrieved are not static but they are periodically repeating sequences of sparse synchronous activities. Patterns were stored to the network using the modified Hebb rule adjusted to store cyclic sequences. Capacity of the model is analyzed together with the numerical simulations. The model is further extended with short term potentiation (STP), which is forming the essential part of the successful pattern recall process. The memory capacity of the extended version of the model is highly increased. The joint version of the model combining both approaches is discussed. The model might be able to retrieve the pattern in short time interval without STP (fast patterns) or in a longer time period utilizing STP (slow patterns). We know from our everyday life that some patterns could be recalled promptly and some may need much longer time to reveal. Keywords auto-associative neural network, Hebbian learning, neural coding, memory, pattern recognition, short-term potentiation 1
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Chen, Guan-Yu, and 陳冠宇. "Patch-Based Video Action Detection And Recognition Using an Associate Memory Model." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39588675715599215865.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
資訊工程學系
100
This paper presents a novel approach to locate action objects in video and recognize the action types simultaneously using an association memory model. The system uses a preprocessing procedure to extract key-frames from a video sequence and provide a compact representation for this video sequence. Every key-frame is partitioned into multiple overlapping patches in which image and motion features are extracted to generate a visual codebook VI and a motion codebook VM. The codewords in VI and VM are considered as primitive features for building high-level action object models of the space-time sensory information. We then propose the recently-develop Hough voting model as a candidate architecture for human action learning and memory. For each key-frame, the Hough voting framework employs Generalized Hough Transform (GHT) which constructs a graphical structure among key-frame codewords to learn the mapping between action objects and a Hough space. To determine which patches explicitly represent an action object, an association model is applied. The association model learns the combined motion-vision model by clustering the patches into clusters consisting of features both from the spatial and temporal information of the member patches. In this work, we also address the crucial problems of Hough-voting framework including high computational complexity, substantial user interaction, and a small number of training shapes. In the training phase, the system, based on simply labeling the location of a new shape in the first key-frame, uses an automatic procedure to generate a Hough model which is well adapted to all aligned training 2D shapes by incorporating the shape variability of the whole training data set. A probabilistic voting framework to match the learned shape models to image frames of a test video is therefore proposed to locate the target image in each frame and recognize the action category of the video. The generated Hough shape models are not only invariant to geometrical transformations, i.e., scaling, rotation, and translation, but also invariant to temporal scaling. The proposed algorithm results in Hough images with responses at the action centers and fewer false peaks. Results show that the proposed method gives good performance on several publicly available datasets in terms of detection accuracy and recognition rate.
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Dörfel, Denise. "Functional Investigations into the Recognition Memory Network, its Association with Genetic Polymorphisms and Implications for Disorders of Emotional Memory." Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25352.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent research, that has been focused on recognition memory, has revealed that two processes contribute to recognition of previously encountered items: recollection and familiarity (Aggleton & Brown, 1999; Eichenbaum, 2006; Eichenbaum, Yonelinas, & Ranganath, 2007; Rugg & Yonelinas, 2003; Skinner & Fernandes, 2007; Squire, Stark, & Clark, 2004; Wixted, 2007a; Yonelinas, 2001a; Yonelinas, 2002). The findings of neural correlates of recollection and familiarity lead to the assumption that there are different brain regions activated in either process, but there are, to the best of my knowledge, no studies assessing how these brain regions are working together in a recollection or a familiarity network, respectively. Additionally, there are almost no studies to date, which directly searched for overlapping regions. Therefore, in study I of the current thesis, brain regions associated to both recognition processes are searched investigated. Additionally, a connectivity analysis will search for functional correlated brain activations that either build a recollection or a familiarity network.
It is undoubtable that the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is strongly involved in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (Bramham & Messaoudi, 2005) and there is evidence that a genetic variant of this neurotrophin (BDNF 66Met) is related to poorer memory performance (Egan, et al., 2003). Therefore, in study II of the current thesis, the effect of BDNF Val66Met on recollection and familiarity performance and related brain activations is investigated.
Finally, one could summarize, that serotonin, like BDNF, is strongly involved in brain development and plasticity as well as in learning and memory processes (Vizi, 2008). More precisely, there is evidence for alterations in the structure of brain regions, which are known to be involved in emotional memory formation and retrieval, like amygdala and hippocampus (Frodl, et al., 2008; Munafo, Brown, & Hariri, 2008; Pezawas, et al., 2005). One study found an slight epistatic effect of BDNF and 5-HTTLPR on the grey matter volume of the amygdala (Pezawas, et al., 2008). Therefore, in study III, it is investigated if such an interaction effect could be substantiated for the amygdala and additionally revealed for the hippocampus.
The results of the current thesis allow further comprehension of recollection, hence episodic memory, and point to a special role of the BDNF in temporal and prefrontal brain regions. Additionally, the finding of an epistatic effect between BDNF and serotonin transporter function point to the need of analyzing interactions between genes and also between genes and environmental factors which reveals more information than the study of main effects alone.
In conclusion, analyzing behavioral and neural correlates of episodic memory reveal allowed insights in brain functions that may serve as guideline for future studies in clinical populations with memory deficits, including susceptibility factors such as good or bad environment, as well as promising gene variants that influence episodic memory.
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Dörfel, Denise [Verfasser]. "Functional investigations into the recognition memory network, its association with genetic polymorphisms and implications for disorders of emotional memory / von Denise Dörfel." 2010. http://d-nb.info/100813340X/34.
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Yi, Liao Chun, and 廖峻億. "An Evaluation on the Robustness of Mahalanobis-Taguchi System applied for Bi-directional Associate Memory towards Recognition." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33675130099578495815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊管理研究所
97
Classification and identification of problem has been developing for many years, many scholars use of artificial intelligence methods to make classification and identification of the application and look forward to reduce processing costs, especially artificial neural network was the most. The traditional classification focus on improve artificial neural network about network structure or the study mode, for the network self affects the identification of the characteristics of the variables are taken on try and error method. This research with Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) tries to find the better characteristics to obtain the better recognize rate in Bi-directional Associative Memory (BAM) research of recognizing.