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1
Gabriel, Paul. "The Development of Municipal Emergency Management Planning in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 20, no. 3 (November 2002): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700202000302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Australia, local government plays an essential role in emergency management, although not a provider of emergency services. The role of supporting emergency services and the community both during and after emergencies has been a traditional role. Added to this is an increasing responsibility as the focal point for the conduct of local mitigation using risk analysis, prioritization, and treatment under the methodology of emergency risk management. This role is part of a shift in the emphasis of emergency management in Australia away from the strong focus on emergencies and the emergency services, towards an emphasis on the sustainability of the community and its life in the context of the risk of loss posed by natural and other hazards. Models of municipal emergency risk management planning are presented to assist municipalities to connect or even integrate their emergency management planning processes with other similar community safety activities such as crime and injury prevention.
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Shoygu, Yuliya, L. Timofeeva, and N. Tolubaeva. "Features of the Organization and Provision of Emergency Psychological Assistance in Various Emergency Situations on the Territory of the Russian Federation." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 10, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-1731-2021-10-1-74-83.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emergency situations, due to the suddenness of occurrence and catastrophic consequences, have an extremely high degree of danger to the mental health of people. The authors are of the opinion that effectively implemented measures to provide emergency psychological assistance to victims in emergency situations in an acute period contribute to the preservation of human mental health and are an important component of the ability to return to normal life after experiencing tragic events.
This article analyzes the experience of the specialists of the psychological service of the Russian Emergencies Ministry in eliminating the consequences of six large-scale emergencies that occurred in the period from 2009 to 2019 in the territory of the Russian Federation. Based on the examples of liquidation of the consequences of specific large-scale emergencies, the basic principles of organizing the activities of the psychological service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia are considered, the directions of work and tasks faced by specialists when working in emergency situations, as well as the technologies of organizing work to provide emergency psychological assistance to victims, used by specialists of the psychological service of the Ministry of Emergencies Russia. General approaches to the provision of emergency psychological assistance to victims and relatives of those killed and injured are outlined, two groups of objective parameters that have a direct impact on the organization of the work of specialists and how the specifics of the situation and the region can affect the planning and implementation of measures to provide emergency psychological assistance are described. The authors describe the groups of objective characteristics inherent in a particular emergency situation and determine the importance of taking them into account when planning, organizing and implementing emergency psychological assistance measures.
3
Bradt, David A., Christina M. Drummond, and Mark Richman. "Complex Emergencies in Indonesia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 4 (December 2001): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRecently, Indonesia has experienced six major provincial, civil, armed conflicts. Underlying causes include the transmigration policy, sectarian disputes, the Asian economic crisis, fall of authoritarian rule, and a backlash against civil and military abuses. The public health impact involves the displacement nationwide of >1.2 million persons. Violence in the Malukus, Timor, and Kalimantan has sparked the greatest population movements such that five provinces in Indonesia each now harbor > 100,000 internally displaced persons. With a background of government instability, hyperinflation, macroeconomic collapse, and elusive political solutions, these civil armed conflicts are ripe for persistence as complex emergencies.Indonesia has made substantial progress in domestic disaster management with the establishment of central administrative authority, strategic planning, and training programs. Nevertheless, the Indonesian experience reveals recurrent issues in international humanitarian health assistance. Clinical care remains complicated by absences of treatment protocols, inappropriate drug use, high procedural complication rates, and variable referral practices. Epidemiological surveillance remains complicated by unsettled clinical case definitions, non-standardized case management of diseases with epidemic potential, variable outbreak management protocols, and inadequate epidemiological analytic capacity. International donor support has been semi-selective, insufficient, and late.The militia murders of three UN staff in West Timor prompted the withdrawal of UN international staff from West Timor for nearly a year to date. Re-establishing rules of engagement for humanitarian health workers must address security, public health, and clinical threats.
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Longhurst, Richard. "Nutrition and Care of Young Children during Emergencies." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 16, no. 4 (December 1995): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659501600414.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Emergencies are not only sudden events with natural causes that can be ameliorated with resources from outside. The causes and consequences of emergencies with sudden or slow onset, those that are complex and involve conflict, or are permanent emergencies are all deeply rooted in the vulnerability of people to hazards and their incapacity to recover. This will have implications for care behaviours and practices in the feeding, health, hygiene, and psychosocial areas. Families react to slow-onset emergencies by managing a declining resource with inevitable negative impacts on child care. Food intake declines. At the extreme of destitution, families may migrate to refugee camps where children face health crises as large displaced populations congregate around contaminated water sources. Breastfeeding may cease. In war situations, children face extreme psychosocial stresses. The importance of care for young children is given insufficient attention by those providing assistance from outside. Care interventions should improve the effectiveness of health, food, and psychosocial support
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Holguin, Juan, Diego Escobar, and Carlos Moncada. "Access to Emergency Medical Services: An Urban Planning Methodology for the Generation of Equity." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n6p181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The access and possibility of rapid response to medical emergencies is an issue that, in last decades, has been studied in many areas of research such as urban planning and transportation, as well as with the issue of equity in the provision of this healthcare service. This is true, in particular for middle- and low-income countries subject to non-equitative access to services such as medical emergency attention. In this study, a medical emergency database review is carried out in order to propose a new methodology to assess the coverage of Ambulance Dispatches and Emergency Service Facilities. This is executed using primary information relating to medical emergencies that occurred in the city of Manizales between 2010 and 2015 and secondary data relating to socio-demographic and economic conditions, analyzing their correlation using a GIS (Geographic Information System) application. This research article proposes a methodology for improving the population coverage of Ambulance Dispatches and Emergency Service Facilities, trying to reduce health inequity in terms of assistance to medical emergencies. Our results show that in order to reduce social and health inequity, the city of Manizales needs to improve its provision of emergency care attention, based on urban planning tools especially in low-income neighborhoods.
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Metz, William C., Paul L. Hewett, Julie Muzzarelli, and Edward Tanzinan. "Identifying Special-Needs Households that Need Assistance for Emergency Planning." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 20, no. 2 (August 2002): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700202000210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
State governments are increasingly requiring state and local emergency management offices to maintain lists of persons with special needs who may require assistance in disaster situations. In addition, federal courts are beginning to apply the Americans with Disabilities Act. to emergency planning. This study characterizes special-needs households that are located in the vicinity of a chemical weapons storage site in Alabama. For this study, a special-needs household is defined as a residence having at least one person with physical or mental problems, a transportation dependence, or a child who is home alone at limes and requires assistance from outside the family or current circle of relatives, friends, and neighbors to take specific protective actions. The special-needs households were identified throngh a myriad of collection methods, including random sampling, saturation mailing/self-registration, targeted distribution/self-registration, agency and support provider lists, and referrals. Attitudes toward specific protective actions and an assessment of the ability of the special-needs household to take those actions were also sought out. Approximately 9 percent of the community's households were identified as containing persons with special needs who require assistance during emergencies. The study also identified the highly perishable nature of special-needs population records maintained by emergency management agencies. During a data verification process conducted 3 months after the data collection effort concluded, almost half of the previously identified 3,294 individuals with special needs had their situation change or could not be reached for verification. Concurrently, 1,090 new persons with special needs identified themselves as needing assistance. Recommendations are made to the emergency planning community for addressing the support needs of special populations.
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Basri, Yesi Mutia, Hariadi Hariadi, and Ode Asra. "Management of Unexpected Expenditures for Covid-19 in Local Government." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis 16, no. 2 (July 25, 2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2021.v16.i02.p06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to explore how the Riau Provincial Government manages unexpected expenses in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method in this study is a qualitative method with the type of case study. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the management of unexpected costs was carried out through the planning stage by reallocating and centralizing the budget. At the administrative and accountability stage, there are problems in recording Unexpected Expenditures, namely the absence of clear technical guidelines regarding the implementation of Unexpected Expenditures, setting spending limits for emergencies. There is no valid data for the distribution of aid funds for MSMEs affected by Covid-19 as well as valid documents for recording third party grant assistance. This research contributes to the government in making policies in financial management in disaster emergencies.
Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, financial management, refocusing, reallocation, administration
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Klein, Kelly R., Paul E. Pepe, Frederick M. Burkle, Nanci E. Nagel, and Raymond E. Swienton. "Evolving Need for Alternative Triage Management in Public Health Emergencies: A Hurricane Katrina Case Study." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2, S1 (September 2008): S40—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181734eb6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTIn many countries, traditional medical planning for disasters developed largely in response to battlefield and multiple casualty incidents, generally involving corporal injuries. The mass evacuation of a metropolitan population in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina evolved into life-and-death triage scenarios involving thousands of patients with nontraumatic illnesses and special medical needs. Although unprecedented in the United States, triage management needs for this disaster were similar to other large-scale public health emergencies, both natural and human-generated, that occurred globally in the past half-century. The need for alternative triage-management processes similar to the methodologies of other global mass public health emergencies is illustrated through the experience of disaster medical assistance teams in the first 3 days following Katrina's landfall. The immediate establishment of disaster-specific, consensus-based, public health emergency–related triage protocols—developed with ethical and legal expertise and a renewed focus on multidimensional, multifactorial matrix decision-making processes—is strongly recommended. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2(Suppl 1):S40–S44)
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Jurdík, Juraj, and Imrich Mikolai. "Fire Stations and Firehouses Deployment Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Problem of planning fire units deployment need deeper analysis. It will be appropriate to define standards and risk assessment for improving assistance to citizens. Effective support is defined as the minimum number of firefighters and equipment which must arrive on scene in a defined time. When we specify the number of firefighters and the optimal fire stations deployment, it is necessary to consider various factors influencing development of damages, consequences of emergencies and also operational and tactical options of firefighting units. This article summarizes theoretical knowledge of fire stations and compares different types of mathematical models of fire stations deployment.
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Hanfling, Dan, and Nidhi Bouri. "Foreign Medical Teams: What Role Can They Play in Response to a Catastrophic Disaster in the US?" Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 6 (October 11, 2013): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.95.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractHurricane Katrina demonstrated that a catastrophic event in the continental United States (US) can overwhelm domestic medical response capabilities. The recent focus on response planning for a catastrophic earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone and the detonation of an improvised nuclear device also underscore the need for improved plans. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the potential role of foreign medical teams (FMTs) in providing medical response to a catastrophic event in the US. We reviewed existing policies and frameworks that address medical response to catastrophic events and humanitarian emergencies and assess current response capabilities by a variety of FMTs. While several policies and plans outline the role of the US in providing medical assistance during foreign disasters, further planning is necessary to identify how the US will integrate foreign medical assistance during a domestic catastrophic event. We provide an overview of considerations related to federal roles and responsibilities for managing and integrating FMTs into the overarching domestic medical response to a catastrophic disaster occurring in the continental US. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:555-562)
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Wissow, Lawrence S., Lainie Rutkow, Nancy E. Kass, Peter V. Rabins, Jon S. Vernick, and James G. Hodge. "Ethical Issues Raised in Addressing the Needs of People With Serious Mental Disorders in Complex Emergencies." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.88.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTRecent manmade and natural disasters highlight weaknesses in the public health systems designed to protect populations from harm and minimize disruption of the social and built environments. Emergency planning and response efforts have, as a result, focused largely on ensuring populations' physical well-being during and after a disaster. Many public health authorities, including the World Health Organization, have recognized the importance of addressing both mental and physical health concerns in emergency plans. Individuals with mental disorders represent a notable proportion of the overall population, and anticipating their needs is critical to comprehensive emergency planning and response efforts. Because people with serious mental disorders historically have been stigmatized, and many individuals with mental disorders may be unable to care for themselves, ethical guidance may be of assistance to those engaged in emergency planning and response. This article considers several broad categories of ethical issues that arise during emergencies for people with serious mental disorders and offers recommendations for ways in which emergency planners and other stakeholders can begin to address these ethical challenges.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:72–78)
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Płachciak, Adam, and Jakub Marcinkowski. "Humanitarian Assistance in G5 Sahel: Social Sustainability Context of Macrologistics Potential." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 8862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148862.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The G5 Sahel works in collaboration with various international organizations and countries, which are responsible for managing logistics activities, financial flows, and technological solutions. Humanitarian assistance holds a critically important role in the region, despite its multiple challenges and limitations in macroeconomic development. This research aimed to examine the macrologistics potential of humanitarian assistance and protection, on both national and transnational levels, in the social sustainability context. Most of the humanitarian emergencies in the region originate from conflicts, food insecurity, and malnutrition. Sahel countries require multiple initiatives to minimize the negative effects of climate change and natural disasters. The state of logistics infrastructure, a wide range of natural and man-made disasters, as well as the macroeconomic situation of the G5 Sahel, result in common problems with the organization of humanitarian logistics from the national and transboundary perspectives. Based on the selected indicators, identified problems of humanitarian assistance and protection in G5 Sahel suggest that the above-mentioned potential of logistics activities requires tightening of transnational collaboration.
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Silva, Ana Luiza, Sra Maira Ramos, and Flávia Elias. "PD39 Strategies To Assist People With Disabilities During Health Emergencies, Concerning The COVID-19 – Systematic Review." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322002987.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected thousands of people worldwide. The collapse of health systems led to increased difficulties in accessing health care for people with disabilities. The objective was to define strategies to support the implementation of health care for people with disabilities.MethodsThe protocol for the systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021266341). Searches were done in seven databases, using MeSH terms related to COVID-19 and disability, in 2021. We included interventions that addressed health, education and social assistance.ResultsTwenty-nine studies were included. A meta-synthesis identified strategies to assist individuals with disabilities: creation of emergency accommodation and protection programs; flexible work arrangements; cash transfer programs; community participation in planning; establishment of support networks; social assistance even in periods of health emergency; teleconsultation services, telerehabilitation and systems that facilitate the use of digital technologies for telemedicine; inclusive guidelines for computer literacy and learning. The main implementation action was comprehensive health care centered on the needs of people with disabilities, with a focus on training community informants, continuing education of health professionals and caregivers for emergency situations, decentralization of care, identification and elimination of barriers to access.ConclusionsEven though the focus was on telehealth and social assistance, achieving comprehensive healthcare requires a range of interventions that together will support the reduction of inequity faced by people with disabilities.
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Hayman, Kaitlin G., Davina Sharma, Robert D. Wardlow, and Sonal Singh. "Burden of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Following Humanitarian Emergencies: A Systematic Literature Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14001356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBackgroundThe global burden of cardiovascular mortality is increasing, as is the number of large-scale humanitarian emergencies. The interaction between these phenomena is not well understood. This review aims to clarify the relationship between humanitarian emergencies and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.MethodsWith assistance from a research librarian, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Global Health) were searched in January 2014. Findings were supplemented by reviewing citations of included trials. Observational studies reporting the effect of natural disasters and conflict events on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults since 1997 were included. Studies without a comparison group were not included. Double-data extraction was utilized to abstract information on acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Review Manager 5.0 (Version 5.2, The Nordic Cochrane Centre; Copenhagen Denmark,) was used to create figures for qualitative synthesis.ResultsThe search retrieved 1,697 unique records; 24 studies were included (17 studies of natural disasters and seven studies of conflict). These studies involved 14,583 cardiac events. All studies utilized retrospective designs: four were population-based, 15 were single-center, and five were multicenter studies. Twenty-three studies utilized historical controls in the primary analysis, and one utilized primarily geographical controls.DiscussionConflicts are associated with an increase in long-term morbidity from ACS; the short-term effects of conflict vary by study. Natural disasters exhibit heterogeneous effects, including increased occurrence of ACS, ADHF, and SCD.ConclusionsIn certain settings, humanitarian emergencies are associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality that may persist for years following the event. Humanitarian aid organizations should consider morbidity from noncommunicable disease when planning relief and recuperation projects.HaymanKG, SharmaD, WardlowRDII, SinghS. Burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality following humanitarian emergencies: a systematic literature review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):1-9.
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Fortington, Lauren V., Sheree Bekker, and Caroline F. Finch. "Integrating and maintaining automated external defibrillators and emergency planning in community sport settings: a qualitative case study." Emergency Medicine Journal 37, no. 10 (June 16, 2020): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-208781.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionA voluntary State Government-led programme in Victoria, Australia ‘Defibrillators for Sporting Clubs and Facilities Program’ ran from 2015 to 2019, broadly aimed at increasing access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs), together with a greater number of community members trained for management of medical emergencies. This study aimed to understand whether participating sport clubs/facilities had successfully integrated an AED and medical planning with other club/facility safety practices, 12 months after delivery of the programme.MethodsThis was a qualitative case study of 14 sport clubs/facilities in Victoria, Australia in 2017, underpinned by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. We conducted observational audits of facilities (to locate AED placement, signage and other relevant location-specific factors) and semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with representatives of the clubs/facilities. Interview questions were designed to determine if and how the related, mandated emergency management programme was adapted for the long term (embedding), whether this aligned to ongoing organisational mission (active engagement), and whether or not it was still ongoing 6 months postinitial implementation (sustainability). Data were evaluated using qualitative descriptive methodology. For reporting, descriptive summaries of the audit were combined with interview data to contextualise and visualise the sport club/facility setting and key results.ResultsKey issues identified were accessibility and visibility of the AED, with inadequate signage and challenges identifying an efficient location for access and storage. Most interviewees reported the AED and training were received with no further actions taken towards safety planning or integration with club/facility practice. Several challenges regarding remaining up to date with training and ensuring required routine checks of the AED take place were also raised.ConclusionsThis study identified several challenges for community sport clubs/facilities in the implementation of an AED and medical planning programme, including where to store the AED, how to make its presence known to the community and how to integrate changes alongside other club/facility practices.
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Yusniawati, Yustina Ni Putu, Ida Rahmawati, and Emanuel Ileatan Lewar. "The Effectiveness of Counseling on Mother's Knowledge About Choking And Cardiac Arrest at Ubung Kaja Denpasar Bali." Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 8, no. 3 (December 18, 2022): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol8.iss3.1140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An emergency condition is a situation that requires quick, precise, and appropriate action to save lives. Delays in providing emergency assistance often occur in children, where the result of this delay is permanent disability and even death. Emergency for children is an important concern because children are not used to expressing uncomfortable conditions in an emergency. Emergency conditions that often occur in children are choking and cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in maternal knowledge before and after being given counseling about choking, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This study uses a Pre-Experiment with One Group Pre-test Post-test design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in Ubung Kaja Village. The population in this study were 70 parents who had children aged 0-2 years. Univariate analysis was used to determine the demographic data of the respondents. Bivariate analysis was used to determine differences in maternal knowledge before and after being given counseling about choking and CPR. The results showed that (Choking P 0.000 <a = 0.05), and (Cardiac arrest P 0.000 <a = 0.05). There is an effect of providing counseling on mother's knowledge in emergency handling of fever, choking and cardiac arrest. Further training on emergencies needs to be carried out on an ongoing basis because emergencies can happen anywhere.
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Loretti, Alessandro, Xavier Leus, and Bart Van Holsteijn. "Relevant in Times of Turmoil: WHO and Public Health in Unstable Situations." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 4 (December 2001): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractFor millions of people world-wide, surviving the pressure of extreme events is the predominant objective in daily existence. The distinction between natural and human-induced disasters is becoming more and more blurred. Some countries have known only armed conflict for the last 25 years, and their number is increasing. Recently, humanitarian sources reported 24 ongoing emergencies, each of them involving at least 300,000 people “requiring international assistance to avoid malnutrition or death”. All together, including the countries still only at risk and those emerging from armed conflicts, 73 countries, i.e., almost 1.8 trillion people, were undergoing differing degrees of instability.Instability must be envisioned as a spectrum extending between “Utopia” and “Chaos”. As emergencies bring forward extreme challenges to human life, medical and public health ethics make it imperative for the World Health Organisation (WHO) to be involved. As such, WHO must enhance its presence and effectiveness in its capacity as a universally accepted advocate for public health. Furthermore, as crises become more enmeshed with the legitimacy of the State, and armed conflicts become more directed against countries' social capital, they impinge more on WHO's work, and WHO must reconcile its unique responsibility in the health sector, the humanitarian imperative and the mandate to assist its primary constituents.Health can be viewed as a bridge to peace. The Organization specifically has recognised that disasters can and do affect the achievement of health and health system objectives. Within WHO, the Department of Emergency and Humanitarian Action (EHA) is the instrument for intervention in such situations. The scope of EHA is defined in terms of humanitarian action, emergency preparedness, national capacity building, and advocacy for humanitarian ^principles. The WHO's role is changing from ensuring a two-way flow of information on new scientific developments in public health in the ideal all-stable, all-equitable, well-resourced state, to dealing with sheer survival when the state is shattered or is part of the problem. The WHO poses itself the explicit goals to reduce avoidable loss of life, burden of disease and disability in emergencies and post-crisis transitions, and to ensure that the Humanitarian Health Assistance is in-line with international standards and local priorities and does not compromise future health development. A planning tree is presented.The World Health Organization must improve its own performance. This requires three key pre-conditions: 1) presence, 2) surge capacity, and 3) institutional support, knowledge, and competencies. Thus, in order to be effective, WHO's presence and surge capacity in emergencies must integrate the institutional knowledge, the competencies, and the managerial set-up of the Organization.
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Capolongo, Stefano, Andrea Rebecchi, Marco Dettori, Letizia Appolloni, Antonio Azara, Maddalena Buffoli, Lorenzo Capasso, et al. "Healthy Design and Urban Planning Strategies, Actions, and Policy to Achieve Salutogenic Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 2698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122698.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Starting from a previous experience carried out by the working group “Building and Environmental Hygiene” of the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (SItI), the aim of the present work is to define new strategic goals for achieving a “Healthy and Salutogenic City”, which will be useful to designers, local governments and public bodies, policy makers, and all professionals working at local health agencies. Ten key points have been formulated: 1. climate change and management of adverse weather events; 2. land consumption, sprawl, and shrinking cities; 3. tactical urbanism and urban resilience; 4. urban comfort, safety, and security perception; 5. strengths and weaknesses of urban green areas and infrastructures; 6. urban solid waste management; 7. housing emergencies in relation to socio-economic and environmental changes; 8. energy aspects and environmental planning at an urban scale; 9. socio-assistance and welfare network at an urban scale: importance of a rational and widespread system; and 10. new forms of living, conscious of coparticipation models and aware of sharing quality objectives. Design strategies, actions, and policies, identified to improve public health and wellbeing, underline that the connection between morphological and functional features of urban context and public health is crucial for contemporary cities and modern societies.
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Liang, Jichao, Jiancang Xie, Xue Wang, Rui Wang, Tao Jin, and Shaojiu Wang. "Research on the Construction and Application Mode of Digital Plans for Sudden Water Pollution Events." Processes 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050833.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water pollution is an important aspect of a national water treatment. Sudden water safety incidents are random and destructive, often bringing about huge losses of life and property. Due to the uncertainty of sudden water pollution, it is difficult to respond in a timely and rapid manner. Emergency personnel must deal with emergencies quickly and effectively to reduce the harm caused by these emergencies. The randomness and uncertainty of sudden water pollution events make emergency work more complicated; it is difficult for current emergency plans to play guiding roles in complex responses. The decision-making and use of traditional water safety procedures largely depend on the experiences of command personnel, as well as on the emergency plan, which often has poor applicability. This can result in ineffective implementation of emergency actions and use of resources stemming from the high subjectivity and low efficiency of emergency plans. In this paper, we summarize previous research on digital planning and platform component technology exploration in order to evaluate the use of sudden water safety emergency procedures. We first analyze the main problems in the construction and use of emergency plans (e.g., the lack of experience and adaptability). Secondly, based on the decision-making support platform, a digital emergency plan database for water pollution emergencies was established by using component technology and knowledge map technology. In doing so, the decision support platform could enable the rapid construction of digital plans that improve application efficiency in an actual response scenario. Finally, through the system example, this system model can be quickly matched from the plan database to the emergency plan that meets the current scenario. It is a recommended model used to provide rapid and effective assistance for emergency management and improve emergency efficiency.
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McNeill, Charleen C., Cristina Richie, and Danita Alfred. "Individual emergency-preparedness efforts: A social justice perspective." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019843621.
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Background: Since 2010, the United States has experienced 228 disasters, affecting over 86 million people. Because of population shifts, the growing number of people living with chronic conditions or disabilities, and the growing number of older citizens living independently, access and service gaps often exist for those without money or other transferable resources. There is a lack of evidence regarding individual community members’ capacity to prepare for emergencies. Research objective: The purpose of this study is to highlight participant experiences in becoming better prepared for emergencies and provide insight from a social justice perspective. Research design: This is a descriptive qualitative study, staying very close to the data as an end product rather than a beginning for interpretation. Participants and research context: A total of 13 low-income, uninsured, or under-insured attendees at a medical outreach clinic were interviewed. Ethical considerations: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the University of Texas at Tyler. Findings: Four themes emerged from the interview data: (a) evaluation of the emergency-preparedness education, (b) making emergency plans, (c) challenges in preparing for emergencies, and (d) facilitators of emergency preparedness. Discussion: Identifying the potential challenges to individual emergency preparedness among vulnerable populations is the first step in overcoming them. The capacity to comply with such measures, especially the ability of those with limited incomes and other vulnerable populations, must be considered. Conclusion: Synchronized, well-ordered assistance will close gaps in recovery and enhance efficiency in pre- and post-event aid. Theoretically, doing so will promote engaged and resilient members of society who are better able to withstand adverse events. The importance of the relationship between individual preparedness levels and the resiliency of nations supports the social justice imperative to address the needs of vulnerable populations in the mitigation and planning phase of the emergency management cycle.
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Callahan, Deborah, Graeme McColl, and Kelly Robertson. "Technology Development for Disaster Planning and Response: The Development of an Interactive Website to Communicate and Coordinate Primary Health Providers for Planning and Response Purposes." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s67—s68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001493.
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Introduction:The Canterbury Primary Response Group (CPRG) was formed to provide a community-wide approach to manage, coordinate, plan for, and respond to health emergencies in the prehospital setting. Original communications within the CPRG group and to the primary sector were via email and the use of other organizations’ websites. These means were not easy to access and update content, and the group was depending on third parties.Aim:To outline the development of a primary health interactive website, provide up-to-date planning and event information, and provide information and support in relation to emergency planning for major emergency and non-emergency health events.Methods:The advancements of technology and planning practices have given CPRG the ability to develop information, planning, and operational reporting systems.Results:CPRG has developed a web-based portal that is available to primary health care (including community pharmacy) to provide planning assistance and templates as well as information on current events, such as the influenza season. It includes access to the CPRG suite of emergency plans and is a document repository for the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC). A further development has been a response management system for use in the CPRG EOC to assess any health situation and status of providers to enable a continually up-to-date dashboard and situational awareness reports to be visible to those coordinating the response.Discussion:Communication is a major factor, often the most criticized, when managing any response. The development of the CPRG website and system as described can alleviate this and provide accurate and consistent event and planning advice to those in the primary health sector.
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Peters, Koen, Sérgio Silva, Tim Sergio Wolter, Luis Anjos, Nina van Ettekoven, Éric Combette, Anna Melchiori, Hein Fleuren, Dick den Hertog, and Özlem Ergun. "UN World Food Programme: Toward Zero Hunger with Analytics." INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics 52, no. 1 (January 2022): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2021.1097.
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Each year, the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) provides food assistance to around 100 million people in more than 80 countries. Significant investments over the last decade have put planning and optimization at the forefront of tackling emergencies at WFP. A data-driven approach to managing operations has gradually become the norm and has culminated in the creation of a supply chain planning unit and savings of more than USD 150 million—enough to support two million food-insecure people for an entire year. In this paper, we describe three analytical solutions in detail: the Supply Chain Management Dashboard, which uses descriptive and predictive analytics to bring end-to-end visibility and anticipate operational issues; Optimus, which uses a mixed-integer programming model to simultaneously optimize food basket composition and supply chain planning; and DOTS, which is a data integration platform that helps WFP automate and synchronize complex data flows. Three impact studies for Iraq, South Sudan, and COVID-19 show how these tools have changed the way WFP manages its most complex operations. Through analytics, decision makers are now equipped with the insights they need to manage their operations in the best way, thereby saving and changing the lives of millions and bringing the world one step closer to zero hunger.
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Blanch, Charles, and Emma Lawrey. "Surge Capacity Planning to Inform the Need for International and Domestic Emergency Medical Team Deployments Following a Severe Wellington, New Zealand Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000311.
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Introduction:Wellington, New Zealand has a significant earthquake risk with unique response challenges posed by its geography and limited road, rail, and sea access. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Medical Team (EMT) initiative published minimum and technical standards for EMTs in response to failures by responding teams to deliver appropriate and ethical clinical care during a number of disasters (Norton, 2014). The initiative has evolved to develop national and International EMTs in addition to a support capacity building within Ministries of Health to better coordinate clinical capacity during an emergency.Aim:Over the last two years, the WHO EMT Coordination Cell (EMTCC) course has trained over 300 health personnel globally to coordinate clinical surge capacity using a three-step Impact Assessment, Needs Assessment, and Tasking process informed by disaster epidemiology and mass casualty ratios.Methods:EMTCC planning methodology was applied to the “Wellington Earthquake National Initial Response Plan” (MCDEM, 2017) to develop a Health Action Plan for a significant Wellington earthquake. Known earthquake impact modeling for injuries was applied against predicted capacity in receiving hospitals in the affected region, and the ability to transfer patients nationally to determine unmet response needs. EMT minimum standards and operational insights from recent disasters were then used to determine the number of EMTs required for optimal tasking.Discussion:The surge planning methodology provided a theoretical framework for national and local health emergency management staff to engage with clinical colleagues. This allowed likely EMT assistance to be pre-planned, which facilitates further planning with national and local emergency management, border, and registration agencies for rapid entry into NZ, including onward transport and logistical support. While injury treatment ratios had to be refined to reflect NZ context, the methodology proved useful for Ministries of Health to pre-identify the need for international assistance in national emergencies.
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Hostettler-Blunier, Simone, Nora Müller, Tobias Haltmeier, Andreas Hosner, Heinz Bähler, Frank Neff, Daniel Baumberger, Aristomenis Exadaktylos, and Beat Schnüriger. "Public Medical Preparedness at the “Swiss Wrestling and Alpine Games 2013”: Descriptive Analysis of 1,533 Patients Treated at the Largest 3-Day Sporting Event in Switzerland." Emergency Medicine International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9162095.
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Introduction. Medical preparedness at mass gatherings is challenging, as little is known about the optimal planning. Most studies and case reports are based on mass casualty incidents, so the results cannot be extrapolated to mass gatherings. Aim of this study was to evaluate the preclinical medical structure and the frequency of specific injuries and medical emergencies during the event. Methods. Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. Three on-site medical assistance points were set up, completed by mobile teams, and coordinated by an on-site operational management team. Medical staff requirements were calculated using Maurer’s formula. Results. A total of 1,533 patients were treated during the three-day event. Overall, the medical usage rate (MUR; patients per 10,000 visitors) was 51.1. A total of 58 patients (3.8%) required a hospital transfer. In 1,063 cases (69.3%) a diagnosis was documented. Of these, 503 patients (47.3%) suffered from hymenoptera stings; the two most common non-trauma-related diagnoses were alcohol/drug intoxication (4.1%) and gastrointestinal diseases (4.0%). Conclusion. Overall, the on-site medical care worked well. However, a high frequency of hymenoptera stings occurred, resulting in a shortage of antihistamine medication. Moreover, more than half of the patients were managed at the second largest medical assistance point. Prospective and critical evaluation of medical care at mass gatherings is crucial in order to optimize on-site medical preparedness at future events.
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Kurkjian, Katie M., Michelle Winz, Jun Yang, Kate Corvese, Ana Colón, Seth J. Levine, Jessica Mullen, et al. "Assessing Emergency Preparedness and Response Capacity Using Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response Methodology: Portsmouth, Virginia, 2013." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2016): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.173.
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AbstractObjectiveFor the past decade, emergency preparedness campaigns have encouraged households to meet preparedness metrics, such as having a household evacuation plan and emergency supplies of food, water, and medication. To estimate current household preparedness levels and to enhance disaster response planning, the Virginia Department of Health with remote technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a community health assessment in 2013 in Portsmouth, Virginia.MethodsUsing the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) methodology with 2-stage cluster sampling, we randomly selected 210 households for in-person interviews. Households were questioned about emergency planning and supplies, information sources during emergencies, and chronic health conditions.ResultsInterview teams completed 180 interviews (86%). Interviews revealed that 70% of households had an emergency evacuation plan, 67% had a 3-day supply of water for each member, and 77% had a first aid kit. Most households (65%) reported that the television was the primary source of information during an emergency. Heart disease (54%) and obesity (40%) were the most frequently reported chronic conditions.ConclusionsThe Virginia Department of Health identified important gaps in local household preparedness. Data from the assessment have been used to inform community health partners, enhance disaster response planning, set community health priorities, and influence Portsmouth’s Community Health Improvement Plan. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:193–198)
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Chasanah, Faizul, and Hiroyuki Sakakibara. "Implication of Mutual Assistance Evacuation Model to Reduce the Volcanic Risk for Vulnerable Society: Insight from Mount Merapi, Indonesia." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 8110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138110.
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The successful evacuation of vulnerable people during emergencies is a significant challenge. In the case of a Mount Merapi eruption, limited private vehicles in the community and a lack of evacuation transport and government volunteers led some people to walk to the meeting area. Consequently, low walking speeds by vulnerable persons may increase the risk and delay. Therefore, the mutual assistance strategy is proposed to support vulnerable people by evacuating them with young people. This grouping was simulated using an AnyLogic software with the agent-based model concept. Pedestrians and vehicles played the roles of significant agents in this experiment. Evacuation departure rate, actual walking speed, group size, route, and coordination were crucial agent parameters. Human behavior and agent distribution were investigated using stakeholders and local community interviews. We measured the walking speed directly to find the independent and group speed. Afterward, we developed three scenarios and models for the evacuation process. A traffic approach was used in the simulation. The results revealed that this mutual assistance model is effective for the rapid evacuation and risk reduction of vulnerable communities where successful evacuation rates have improved. The highest arrival rating was obtained by the Model 3, which was assembled and well-coordinated from home. These findings are a novelty in the volcano context and reflect all categories of vulnerable behavior involving the elderly, disabled, children, and pregnant mothers. The model will benefit disaster management studies and authorities’ policies for sustainable evacuation planning and aging population mitigation.
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Cruz, Miguel A., Ronald Burger, and Mark Keim. "The First 24 Hours of the World Trade Center Attacks of 2001—The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emergency Phase Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 6 (December 2007): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005288.
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AbstractOn 11 September 2001, terrorists hijacked two passenger planes and crashed them into the two towers of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City. These synchronized attacks were the largest act of terrorism ever committed on US soil. The impacts, fires, and subsequent collapse of the towers killed and injured thousands of people.Within minutes after the first plane crashed into the WTC, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, initiated one of the largest public health responses in its history. Staff of the CDC provided technical assistance on several key public health issues. During the acute phase of the event, CDC personnel assisted with: (1) assessing hospital capacity; (2) establishing injury and disease surveillance activities; (3) deploying emergency coordinators/liaisons to facilitate inter-agency coordination with the affected jurisdictions; and (4) arranging rapid delivery of emergency medical supplies, therapeutics, and personal protective equipment. This incident highlighted the need for adequate planning for all potential hazards and the importance of interagency and interdepartmental coordination in preparing for and responding to public health emergencies.
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Freese, John, Neal J. Richmand, Robert A. Silverman, James Braun, Bradley J. Kaufman, and John Clair. "Impact of Citywide Blackout on an Urban Emergency Medical Services System." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 6 (December 2006): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004064.
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AbstractIntroduction:On 14 August 2003, New York City and a large portion of the northeastern United States experienced the largest blackout in the history of the country. An analysis of such a widespread disaster on emergency medical service (EMS) operations may assist in planning for and managing such disasters in the future.Methods:A retrospective review of all EMS activity within New York City's 9-1-1 emergency telephone system during the 29 hours during which all or parts of the city were without power (16:11 hours (h) on 14 August 2003 until 21:03 h on 15 August 2003) was performed. Control periods were established utilizing identical time periods during the five weeks preceding the blackout.Results:Significant increases were identified in the overall EMS demand (7,844 incidents vs. 3,860 incidents; p<0.001) as well as in 20 of the 62 calltypes of the system, including ca rd i ac arrests (119 vs.76, p= 0.043).Significant decreases were found only among calls related to psychological emergencies (114 vs. 221; p= 0.006) and drugor alcohol-related emergencies (78 vs. 146; p = 0.009). Though median response times increased by only 60 seconds, median call-processing times within the 9-1-1 emergency telephone system EMS dispatch center of the city increased from 1.1 to 5.5 minutes.Conclusions:The citywide blackout resulted in dramatic changes in the demands upon the EMS system of New York City, the types of patients for whom EMS providers were assigned to provide care, and the dispositions for those assignments. During this time of increased, system-wide demand, the use of cross-trained firefighter and first-responder engine companies resulted in improved response times to cardiac arrest patients. Finally, the ability of the EMS dispatch center to process the increased requests for EMS assistance proved to be the rate-limiting step in responding to these emergencies.These findings will prove useful in planning for future blackouts or any disaster that may broadly impact the infrastructure of a city.
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Ireton, Greg, Iftekhar Ahmed, and Esther Charlesworth. "Reflections on Residential Rebuilding After the Victorian Black Saturday Bushfires." Open House International 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2014-b0008.
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After the catastrophic 2009 bushfires in the state of Victoria, Australia, the State Government provided information and advice, short-term and temporary accommodation as well as financial assistance to bushfire-affected communities. A tension developed between quickly rebuilding housing and re-establishing known social and economic networks versus a slower and more deliberative process that focuses on long-term community outcomes. Whilst there was a widespread assumption that quick rebuilding would be beneficial, resulting in immediate pressure to do so, it became evident that many people were not prepared to, or even did not want to rebuild. Thus it became important to provide time and support for people to consider their options away from the immediate pressures to rebuild that are often inherent in post-disaster recovery processes. This became known as “holding the space” and included the introduction of interim supports such as building temporary villages and other supports which enable people to achieve appropriate interim accommodation without having to rebuild immediately. However, even two years after the bushfires a significant proportion of people remained undecided whether they wanted to rebuild or not. The post-bushfire experience pointed to a number of lessons including the importance of appropriate timing of post-disaster activities, careful targeting of financial assistance, need for developing better and lower cost interim housing options and pre-impact planning. Given the complex nature of rebuilding following a disaster, design professionals should focus not just on the final house, but also look at housing options that blur the distinction between temporary and permanent. Their designs should be quick to build, offer a good quality of life, be affordable for most and be flexible in design for future use.
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Yanger, Mary Jean Pacuan. "Extending a Helping Hand in Child- Centered Disaster Preparedness." International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2018.2907.
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Eastern Visayas State University (EVSU), Tacloban City, Philippines has a strong formal partnership with Save the Children, an International non- government organization, in technical assistance and capability building program for Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Officers (LDRRMO’s) to help communities avert loss of lives during the occurrence of natural hazards. This study employed a descriptive research design to determine the usefulness and applicability of the EVSU-initiated extension activity on mentors’ capability building on comprehensive Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Management (CBDRRM) which highlighted the role of children in Barangay DRRM plans. Through a survey questionnaire it was found out that 71% of the respondents strongly agree that the approach was useful in understanding the situation of the children during emergencies, 62% strongly agree that they understood the basic rights of a child anchored on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children (UNCRC) and how this can be protected during disasters, while 57 % strongly believe that they can apply what they have learned.. Therefore, the mentors’ capability building initiative is useful and applicable but there is a need to generate more resources to be effective in their ability to mentor LDRRMOs in CBDRRM Planning.
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Peiris, Sujanie, Stuart Newstead, Janneke Berecki-Gisolf, Bernard Chen, and Brian Fildes. "Quantifying the Lost Safety Benefits of ADAS Technologies Due to Inadequate Supporting Road Infrastructure." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042234.
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Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) provide warnings to drivers and, if applicable, intervene to mitigate a collision if one is imminent. Autonomous emergency brakes (AEB) and lane keep assistance (LKA) systems are mandated in several new vehicles, given their predicted injury and fatality reduction benefits. These predicted benefits are based on the assumption that roads are always entirely supportive of ADAS technologies. Little research, however, has been conducted regarding the preparedness of the road network to support these technologies in Australia, given its vastly expansive terrain and varying road quality. The objective of this study was to estimate what proportion of crashes that are sensitive to AEB and LKA, would not be mitigated due to unsupportive road infrastructure, and therefore, the lost benefits of the technologies due to inadequate road infrastructure. To do this, previously identified technology effectiveness estimates and a published methodology for identifying ADAS-supportive infrastructure availability was applied to an estimated AEB and LKA-sensitive crash subset (using crash data from Victoria, South Australia and Queensland, 2013–2018 inclusive). Findings demonstrate that while the road networks across the three states appeared largely supportive of AEB technology, the lack of delineation across arterial and sub-arterial (or equivalent) roads is likely to have serious implications on road safety, given 13–23% of all fatal and serious injury (FSI) crashes that occurred on these road classes were LKA-sensitive. Based on historical crash data, over 37 fatalities and 357 serious injuries may not be avoided annually across the three Australian states based on the lack of satisfactory road delineation on arterial and sub-arterial (or equivalent) roads alone. Further, almost 24% of fatalities in Victoria, 24% of fatalities in Queensland and 21% of fatalities in South Australia (that are AEB- or LKA-sensitive) are unlikely to be prevented, given existing road infrastructure. These figures are conservative estimates of the lost benefits of the technologies as they only consider fatal and serious injury crashes and do not include minor injury or property damage crashes, the benefits of pedestrian-sensitive AEB crashes in high-speed zones or AEB fitted to heavy vehicles. It is timely for road investments to be considered, prioritised and allocated, given the anticipated penetration of the new technologies into the fleet, to ensure that the road infrastructure is capable of supporting the upcoming fleet safety improvements.
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Han, Cunqi, Liqun Liu, and Siyu Chen. "Factors Influencing Parents’ Intention on Primary School Students’ Choices of Online Learning during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in China." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 8269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148269.
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Since the COVID-19 outbreak, online learning has become the norm. Primary school students require parental assistance and supervision due to their lack of digital media capabilities and safety concerns. This study uses the mixed research method to process and analyze the interview data of 10 primary school parents and 564 questionnaire data using topic coding and partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to explore the factors influencing primary school parents’ choice of online learning and the mechanism of these factors on choice intention. The results show that online learning continuity and learning attitude development risk are two new variables affecting parents’ cognition of online learning. They have a significant positive impact on performance evaluation and risk perception. Perceived ease of use, performance evaluation, and perceived cost affect parents’ assessment of their children’s satisfaction with online learning during the pandemic. Parents’ satisfaction with online learning positively affects their intention to choose online learning. The results of this study can provide a reference for education departments and schools on how to carry out online teaching with higher quality in case of emergencies.
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Downer, Goulda. "Do Individuals Living with HIV know how to Access Resources in Order to Safeguard their Health in the Event of Statewide Emergency Situations?" Women's Health Science Journal 3, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/whsj-16000129.
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There has been a significant increase in the number and severity of disasters over the past decades as is noted in the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters’ Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT). Access to care during such events is critical for vulnerable populations, especially those with communicable diseases such as HIV. As such, inability to access antiretroviral medications, safe food, housing, and transportation may disproportionately affect People Living with HIV (PLWH). This is especially so, because PLWH are both more likely than the general population to experience adverse effects from disasters and face multiple stigmatizing barriers to care. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was self-administered to a convenience sample of 53 volunteers who were in attendance at a World AIDS Day event in Washington, DC. This pilot study utilized scenarios to examine what PLWH would do if they ran out of medication and food in the event of an emergency situation such as a natural disaster or catastrophic event. The survey also asked about PLWHs’ housing and transportation concerns in emergency situations. Results: Analyses revealed that all areas assessed would pose a difficulty for PLWHs. Furthermore, inability to access medication (88%) and the lack of knowledge about how to access medication (92%) during a natural disaster were consistently stubborn issues. Conclusions: Findings suggested that this cohort of PLWH in DC might not be prepared for emergencies. Similarly, they do not know where to access the assistance needed to prevent health complications during emergencies and disaster situations. The results highlighted some reasons for vulnerability of PLWH in this geographical location. More planning and education are needed to safeguard the wellbeing of PLWH, lessen PLWH’s health vulnerabilities, and enhance supportive services for PLWH and their caregivers during emergency or disaster situations. Significant implications are discussed for future prevention, intervention, practices, and research as the nation moves to address the goal of “Ending HIV by 2030.”
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Sulisworo, Dwi, Nur Fatimah, Septi Shinta Sunaryati, and Sanidi Sanidi. "A quick study on SRL profiles of online learning participants during the anticipation of the spread of COVID-19." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20642.
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The spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus occurs in all countries. This pandemic incident has been taken seriously by various sectors including in the world of education. This research is a quantitative descriptive study to explain the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) profile of Indonesian students in online learning which is carried out in COVID-19 emergencies. The research commenced three days after the establishment of the WHO COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents were taken by accident sampling at several schools implementing online learning after the designation of this mode by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture on March 15, 2020. The schools comprised general high schools and vocational schools. The data were collected via Google Form filled out by 10th to 12th-grade students. The instrument used was a questionnaire with a scale of 1 to 5 (from absolutely disagree to absolutely agree) consisting of planning, monitoring, controlling, and reflecting aspects. There were two analytical techniques used i.e., descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The results of this study indicate that students in Indonesia still need assistance and mentoring from teachers to improve SRL. Several mentoring strategies can be applied to manage active learning. The teachers should explicitly include the process of mentoring, strengthening the students’ SRL. Teachers need to be aware that online learning is not only to master certain subject matters but also to strengthen SRL.
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Zhou, Junuo, and Lin Yang. "Network-Based Research on Organizational Resilience in Wuhan Thunder God Mountain Hospital Project during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 14, 2022): 10064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610064.
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During the rapid outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the construction of the Thunder God Mountain Hospital (TGMH) in a harsh environment significantly lowered the burden of medical assistance in Wuhan, demonstrating the significance of organizational resilience in construction projects to handle harsh environments. This paper aims to explore the impact of organizational collaboration patterns on organizational resilience in construction projects and to outline the lessons that can be gained for similar projects. Firstly, an extensive literature review was conducted to determine organizational resilience indicators and corresponding complex network parameters, followed by a content analysis approach to identify the organizations involved and their collaboration behaviors. Secondly, the obtained organizations and collaboration data were used to construct an organization collaboration network for the TGMH project. The results of the complex network analysis show the following as critical factors affecting organizational resilience: (1) the one core multi-center organizational collaboration structure; (2) the small group relationships among organizations; and (3) assortative ties between organizations with diverse backgrounds. This study contributes to providing a feasible research framework for assessing organizational resilience from the perspective of organizational collaboration and practical suggestions for other construction projects to improve organizational resilience when faced with large public emergencies.
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Gershon, MHS, DrPH, Robyn R. M., Lewis E. Kraus, MPH, MCP, Victoria H. Raveis, PhD, Martin F. Sherman, PhD, and June I. Kailes, MSW. "Emergency preparedness in a sample of persons with disabilities." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2013.0109.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize emergency preparedness in this vulnerable population, and to ascertain the role of the personal assistant (PA) and the potential impact of prior emergency experience on preparedness efforts.Design: Cross-sectional Internet-based survey conducted in 2011.Setting: Convenience sample.Participants: Two-hundred fifty-three community residents with cognitive and/or physical disabilities, all receiving personal assistance services.Main outcome variables: Emergency preparedness, operationalized as responses to a seven-item scale.Results: The mean score for the emergency preparedness scale was 2.32 (SD = 2.74), range 0-7. Even though 62.8 percent (n = 159) of the participants had previously experienced one or more large-scale emergencies, only 47.4 percent (n = 120) of the entire sample and 55.3 percent (n = 88) of those with actual emergency experience reported preparing an emergency plan. Sixty-three percent (n = 76) of those reporting a plan had involved their PA in its development. Participants who reported such involvement were significantly more likely to have higher scores on the emergency preparedness scale (p 0.001). Participants who had experienced a prior emergency were also more likely to score higher on the emergency preparedness scale (p 0.001). In general, participants reported limited attention to other basic preparedness recommendations: only 28 percent (n = 70) had prepared a “go-bag” with necessary supplies, 29 percent (n = 74) had developed a strategy for communicating with their PA during emergencies, and 32 percent (n = 81) had stockpiled emergency supplies. Of particular importance, only 26 percent (n = 66) had made alternative back-up plans for personal assistance.Conclusions: Involving the PA in the planning process and experiencing an emergency were both significantly associated with higher emergency preparedness scores in this sample of people living with disabilities. However, critical deficiencies in preparedness were noted, such as lack of back-up plans for replacing their PA. Despite a concerted national effort to improve preparedness in the population of people living with disabilities, important preparedness gaps remain. These findings highlight the need for additional study on emergency preparedness barriers in people living with disabilities so that effective strategies to reduce vulnerabilities can be identified.
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Settineri, Salvatore, Massimo Mucciardi, Valentina Leonardi, Stefan Schlesinger, Mara Gioffrè Florio, Fausto Famà, Maria Anna Muscatello, and Carmela Mento. "Metereological conditions and psychiatric emergency visits in Messina, Italy." International Journal of Psychological Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2103.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the association between psychiatric disease, climatic and seasonal factors in patients recorded to the Emergency Unit, in Messina Hospital (Italy). Method: A total of 6565 psychiatric patients were recorded to the Emergency Unit in Messina from January 2005 and December 2010. Each psychiatric visit in emergency, was categorized by date of appearance and admitting diagnosis according to diagnostic categories: Anxiety, Mood Disorders and Psychosis. Local weather data were obtained from the Metereological Instituted “Aereonautica Militare” station in Messina, Sicily, In addition, to gathering data on the state of the sky, temperature, atmosphericpressure with the normalized value at sea level, relative humidity, rainfall, wind direction and speed, the station is connected to a buoy located on the eastern sector of Tyrrhenian Sea. Results: In anxiety disorders we have found relevant results comparison between winter and spring (p=.007) and spring and fall (p=.001). In affective disorders the differences occur in relation to winter and fall (p=.002), spring and fall (p=001), spring and summer (p=002). The psychotic disorder presents significant differences between summer and fall (p=.001) and spring and fall (p=.002). Conclusions: We can observe a similarity of affective disorders, i.e. anxiety and mood disorders compared to psychosis, which have different influences and probably according to dissimilar etiopathogenetic ways. In our research, the distribution of anxiety disorders is higher than depressive disorders in terms of delivering emergency room visits. The major differences occur comparing spring and fall, the seasons when all pathological classes have significant differences. It follows that the most abrupt climate change, typical of these seasons, as a whole, cause psychopathological emergencies. The study is important for planning a more effective assistance for patients needing psychiatric support.
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Wakui, Tomoko, Emily M. Agree, Tami Saito, and Ichiro Kai. "Disaster Preparedness Among Older Japanese Adults With Long-Term Care Needs and Their Family Caregivers." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.53.
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AbstractObjectiveIn the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, as in Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the United States, older individuals were at the greatest risk of mortality. Much concern has been raised about developing plans to reduce these risks, but little information has been provided about preparedness, and the key role played by caregivers has been largely unexplored. The aims of this study were thus to examine the preparedness of family caregivers of older adults with long-term care needs and to identify the characteristics of older adults and their caregivers that are associated with poor preparedness and greater concern about disasters.MethodsShortly after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the second wave of the Fukui Longitudinal Caregiver Study was administered to the family caregivers of older Japanese individuals with long-term care needs. The sample included 952 caregivers from 17 municipalities in Fukui prefecture. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with self-assessed preparedness, evacuation planning, and caregivers’ concerns about preparedness.ResultsThe majority (75%) of the caregivers had no concrete plans for evacuation in an emergency, and those caring for persons with dementia were 36% less likely to have any plan. In multivariate models, caregivers who were more experienced and wealthier and who reported more family and community support were more likely to feel well prepared. Caregivers with poor health or limited financial resources or who were responsible for older persons with mobility difficulties reported higher levels of anxiety about their disaster preparedness.ConclusionsThis study indicates that most caregivers are ill prepared to respond in emergencies and that caregiver resources, community support, and the needs of older care recipients influence both preparedness and concern about disasters. Education for caregivers and the development of community support programs could provide important sources of assistance to this vulnerable group. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:31–38)
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Srećković, Saša. "Heritage: How to remain relevant following the virus crisis?" Pravovedenie 64, no. 1 (2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2020.101.
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The article states that despite the creation of the UNESCO fund aimed at International assistance by means of which State parties to the Convention for Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, inter alia, can address problems arising from catastrophes and emergencies. However, the devastating effects of the pandemic on heritage are yet to be expected. Due to the known recent circumstances, without mobility of people and their mutual contacts, and without physical access to the built heritage and museums, there will be no income for local people living in their surroundings. Another problem is related to the intangible expressions of heritage due to inevitable economic turbulences subsequent to the pandemic, and even due to the recent political turmoil caused by various related factors, such as the behavior demonstrated by different governments while facing the crisis and consequent revolts in many communities worldwide. While clear solutions for affected heritage following the crisis are still not on the horizon, we may assume that in the near future there will be an increase of interest in environmental studies. Many will reflect upon the sustainable use of resources and their relevance for heritage (such as agrarian heritage, particularly in regard to food security; traditional medicine or cultural rights and intellectual property in the same context). While there is no doubt that digital tools for reviewing (tangible) heritage will only progress over time, the question is to what extent will living experiences of heritage be affordable to people, at least in the forthcoming period. An adequate response to a global disaster will certainly integrate heritage into policies such as territorial urban/rural planning and various intersectoral activities, and examples already exist in projects funded and supported by the European Union. Despite the weakening of available resources as a result of the pandemic, heritage institutions should also increasingly allow for more democratic inclusion of communities into the issues of inventorying and safeguarding heritage, through mechanisms such as participatory mapping and the like.
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Bernie, Charmaine, Katrina Williams, Fiona Graham, and Tamara May. "Coaching While Waiting for Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment: Protocol of a Pilot Feasibility Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial on Occupational Performance Coaching and Service Navigation Support." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e20011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20011.
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Background In Australia, the average time between a first concern of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and diagnosis is over 2 years. After referral for assessment, families often wait 6-12 months before their appointment. This can be a time of uncertainty and stress for families. For some families, other forms of assistance are not accessible and thus timely intervention opportunities are missed. There is little evidence about how to provide the best support for children or caregivers while on assessment waiting lists. Objective The aim of this study is to determine whether use of a coaching intervention called Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) combined with service navigation support is feasible for families waiting for ASD assessment, as a crucial first step in planning a randomized controlled trial. Methods A pilot and feasibility study will be conducted using recommended constructs and associated measures, which will be reported using CONSORT (Consolidated Standards or Reporting Trials) guidance. Participants will be child and caregiver dyads or triads, recruited within 4 months of their child (aged 1-7 years) being referred to one of two services for an ASD assessment in Victoria, Australia. A blinded randomization procedure will be used to allocate participants to one of three trial arms: (1) coaching and support intervention delivered face to face, (2) coaching and support intervention via videoconference, and (3) usual care. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the sample characteristics of parents and children, inclusive of service access at baseline and follow up. Recruitment rates will be reported, and retention rates will be evaluated against a predicted rate of 70%-80% in each intervention arm. Goal attainment, using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, will indicate preliminary evidence for efficacy within the intervention arms, with an increase of 2 or more points on a 10-point performance and satisfaction scale considered clinically significant. Results The study was approved by The Royal Children’s Hospital Research Ethics and Governance Department in September 2018. As of October 2020, 16 families have been recruited to the study. Data analysis is ongoing and results are expected to be published in 2021. Conclusions Study findings will support planning for a future randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of OPC and service navigation support for caregivers of children awaiting ASD assessment. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000164998; www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378793&isReview=true International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/20011
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Polizzotto, Mark N., George Grigoriadis, Neil Waters, Mary Comande, Marija Borosak, Zoe K. McQuilten, and Erica M. Wood. "Profiling Clinical Platelet and Plasma Use To Inform Blood Supply and Contingency Clanning: Puppy, The Prospective Utilization Of Platelets and Plasma Study." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3650.3650.
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Abstract Background Meeting clinical requirements for platelets and plasma requires an understanding of usage, in order to plan for evolving demand and ensure supply in emergencies. Current strategies to ensure availability during increased demand or blood shortages include triaging by restricting supply to clinically urgent cases or deferring elective surgery. However, few data regarding urgency of need for different clinical indications are available. We developed a novel approach to clinical profiling of platelets and plasma to inform supply and contingency planning. Methods We conducted a random sample survey of platelet and plasma units in the Australian state of Victoria (population 5.3 million). The Australian Red Cross Blood Service produces and distributes all platelets and plasma for the state at a single site. Randomly selected units were tagged with a case report form (CRF) during production and distributed as usual. Institutional blood bank scientists completed the CRF when tagged units were issued for transfusion, reporting recipient demographics, clinical indication for transfusion, and transfusion urgency. Units were tagged over 12 months to minimize seasonal fluctuations. Results 1252 platelet units were tagged: 752 pooled (60%) and 500 apheresis units (39.9%). This represented 7.6% of issues during the study period (7.4% of pooled and 8.0% of all apheresis platelets). The fate of 1243 platelet units was determined (99.3%). Of these, 94 (7.6%) were discarded during production before issue and were excluded from analysis. 1885 plasma units were tagged, representing 9.6% of units issued. The fate of 1808 units was determined (95.9%). Transfusion rate for issued platelets was 72.2% (830 units); 71.2% of pooled and 73.7% of apheresis platelets were transfused. Common reasons for discard were expiry (300 units, 26.1%); recall (5, 0.4%), commonly for bacterial flags; and other (14, 1.2%). Transfusion rate for issued plasma was 87.8% (1587 units). Common reasons for discard were were expiry (48 units, 2.7%), recall (3, 0.2%) and other reasons including breakage and unit thawed but not used (170, 9.4%). Median age of platelets recipients was 58 years (range 0–99); 60.6% were male; for plasma recipients median age was 51 (0-98); 64.1% were male. For platelets, the clinical urgency of transfusion was reported to be acute (required within one hour) in 126 cases (15.2%); urgent (required within 24h) 527 (63.5%); semi-urgent (required within one week) 130 (15.7%); non-urgent 2 (0.2%); unreported 45 (5.4%). The most common indications for platelet transfusion were hematological and oncological, together 64% of cases (530 units), comprising acute leukemias 260 (31.3%); lymphoma 59 (7.1%); myeloma 35 (4.2%); non-hematologic malignancies 68 (8.2%). Surgical conditions followed: 25.1% (208) of cases, comprising cardiothoracic 91 (11.0%); urological 30 (3.6%); gastrointestinal 18 (2.2%) and solid organ transplantation 16 (1.9%). Clinical condition was not reported in 40 (4.8%). Only 66 platelet units (7.9%) were transfused to support elective surgery. For plasma, urgency was reported as acute in 566 (35.7%), urgent in 857 (54.0%); semi-urgent in 84 (5.3%) and non-urgent in 13 (0.8%) and unreported in 67 (4.2%). The most common indications for plasma transfusion were surgical: cardiothoracic 249 cases (15.7%); vascular 87 (5.5%); gastrointestinal 58 (3.7%); orthopedic 29 (1.8%). Others included hematology (234 cases, 14.7%), mainly to support TTP patients (139, 8.8% of total); gastroenterology (227, 14.3%), mainly to support chronic liver disease patients (114, 7.2% of total) and trauma (104, 6.6%). Across all areas, 168 plasma units (18.9%) were transfused to support elective surgery and 179 (11%) to reverse warfarin. Conclusions The high levels of urgent transfusion and low proportion of platelets and plasma used in elective surgery seen here suggest that in a shortage conventional triage strategies would have little impact on demand. Clinical platelet and plasma usage is highly concentrated in specialized areas, predominantly to support patients with hematologic and malignant disorders, those undergoing major non-elective surgery, and the critically ill. Changes in demand or clinical practice in these areas may have substantial effects on requirements. Additional strategies are required to ensure continued adequacy of supply during blood shortages or demand fluctuations. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Engelhardt, F. R. "Remote Sensing for Oil Spill Detection and Response." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971010103.
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Introduction: Remote sensing is useful in several modes of oil spill control, including large area surveillance, site specific monitoring and tactical assistance in emergencies. Remote sensing is able to provide essential information to enhance strategic and tactical decision-making, potentially reducing incidence of spills by providing a deterrent factor, decreasing response costs by facilitating rapid oil recovery and ultimately minimising impact. Marine oil spills can be separated into two categories of relevance to the type of remote sensing technology which might be used to detect and respond to the incident. A first category is non-accidental discharges, which can include incidental losses from vessels due to hull or equipment leaks, as well as oil discharged intentionally during deballasting and tank-cleaning activities. While these non-accidental discharges tend to be small in themselves, they are frequent and contribute much more to the overall introduction of oil to the marine environment than accidental spills, and are of increasing international regulatory concern. Accidental spills are much less frequent, but typically involves much larger releases of oil. Such oil spills are high profile events for which rapid and effective emergency response is needed to contain and recover the spilled oil. In many countries, an appropriate and effective response capability is required by law, such as demanded by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 in the US, as well as by recent amendments to the Canada Shipping Act in Canada. There is a growing recognition that using remote sensing, especially airborne, to aid cleanup response efforts can mitigate the effects of oil on the environment, as well as reduce cleanup costs. Airborne remote sensing sensing in the support of spill response operations has a mixed level of interest by spill responders when viewed globally. In the US, for instance, airborne remote has had varying degrees of success in meeting operational expectations, and thus is not yet fully integrated into national, regional and area response plans and operations. By comparison, the record of successful use in the UK, for instance, is such that remote sensing support is contracted by the UK Coast Guard on a stand-by basis and used routinely when a significant spill occurs. As another example, airborne remote sensing technologies are now being adopted by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority to support its spill response actions. Low altitude aircraft have proven to be the most effective tactical method for obtaining information about spills and assisting in spill response. Combined with accurate oil drift computer model forecasting, these two methods were the primary strategic tools used for environmental response planning during the IXTOC-1 and Arabian Gulf spills, although less useful for guiding tactical operations (Pavia and Payton, 1983; Cekirge et al., 1992). Conversely, essential tactical support was provided by aerial remote sensing for the application of dispersants, a major spill response in the Sea Empress spill in Southwest Wales (Harris, 1997; Lunel et al., 1997). Currently, the use of imaging satellites for spill response is restricted because of limited spatial resolution, slow revisit times and often long delays in receipt of processed image data. The topic of oil spill monitoring by imaging satellites has been reviewed by Bern (1993a,b). There are significant advances being made, however, to increase resolution and coverage, as well as in the speed of image product delivery. Sensing oil on water by satellites appears best suited for routine surveillance purposes. There are synergisms in protecting the environment and property from oil spills which can be achieved by an integrated approach which draws on the remote sensing advantages of airborne and satellite imaging technology. There are many potential users of such remote sensing information, in government and private sector organisations. Government authorities use such information in surveillance, for example in the North and Baltic Seas, detecting spills when they occur and for identification of the spiller, which could be a vessel discharging illegally. Many government organisations also maintain an organised oil spill response capability, which would be supported by remote sensing information in oil spill response operations. The private sector includes the primary oil industry operating globally, and oil transporters, which carry responsibility and potential liability in the event of a spill. Other potential users are oil spill response organisations which might offer a sub-contracted remote sensing capability to their clients. Other private sector groups include the insurers for the shipping industry, who are directly and immediately interested in keeping both the costs of the response and oil spill impact damage as low as possible. The news media is a additional potential user, interested in quality graphical representation of the oil spill, as is true for any disaster event.
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"Emergency Management and Possibilities of Involvement of Non-Governmental Organizations." International Conference on Safe and Secure Society X, no. 2022 (January 13, 2023): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36682/sss_2022_7.
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The study focuses on the issue of extraordinary events such as disruptions in society and the involvement of non-governmental non-profit organizations. The goal is to describe the possibility of involving non-governmental non-profit organizations in dealing with extraordinary events and crisis situations. Rescue and security forces are established in the Czech Republic to deal with emergencies, whose priority mission is to save life, health, property and the environment. In addition to the state-guaranteed components, non-state nonprofit organizations are also involved in the preparation and solution of extraordinary events. The rules of cooperation and coordination according to the Act on the Integrated Rescue System, as amended, apply primarily to their coordination during emergencies. Nongovernmental non-profit organizations, which prepare for longer and systematically and are involved in the solution of extraordinary events, create platforms for cooperation and coordination focused on follow-up activities after rescue work, e.g. monitoring of the affected area, humanitarian, psychosocial, material and financial assistance, consulting and other professional assistance.
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Cunha Filho, Gilberto Amado Rodrigues da, Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani, André Fukunishi Yamada, Moisés Cohen, Benno Ejnisman, and Carlos Vicente Andreoli. "MEDICAL PLANNING FOR MASS GATHERING SPORTS EVENTS IN BRAZIL." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 29 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012021_0404.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical planning for mass gathering events is founded on the structuring of assistance to the population involved and the preservation of the response capacities of the local healthcare system. Large sporting events attended by crowds are increasingly common in society. These events have been shown to be dangerous, generating higher incidences of injuries and illnesses than usual. Thus, planning and the interaction among various public and private sectors are required for the prevention of and response to emergencies and incidents involving multiple victims. Methods: Recently published studies on medical planning for large sports events and current federal agency legislation were selected to conduct an updated review on the subject. Results: After reading titles and abstracts, 159 papers were chosen for a full reading, 50 of which met the eligibility criteria and were included as the basis for this review. The size of the audience, the weather, and the behavior of the crowd seem to contribute significantly to the estimated need for resources in sporting events. Conclusion: Mass events require planning for prevention and to strengthen the resilience of host communities. There is a still a lack of evidence that these events increase the risk of the mass spreading of disease. Level of Evidence: V; Expert opinion .
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Shirokostup, S. V., and E. V. Zimina. "Topical Issues of Providing Medical Assistance to Victims of Road Transport Emergencies in the Altai Krai." Disaster Medicine, July 2022, 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2022-2-11-16.
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The aim of the research was: – to elaborate organizational and methodical bases of medical evacuation for the population of the Altai region in cases of traffic accidents including emergency situations, in conditions of healthcare optimization, namely, under the process of merging of the territorial center for disaster medicine with the emergency medical aid station; – to determine starting points for further development of the Emergency Medicine Service of the Altai Krai. Materials and research methods. The statistical data of registration and reporting form no.55 “Information on the Activity of Healthcare Institution (Medical Formation) which took part in liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences of emergencies” of Altai Krai Disaster Medicine Service approved by the Order of the Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development of Russia dated February 3, 2005, no.112, and official statistical data of Altai Krai State Road Safety Department were analyzed. The sample included statistical data for 2019-2021. The study used a set of analytical and statistical methods, which made it possible to process and to analyze the data obtained, to assess the system of medical care and to develop a set of measures to improve the medical evacuation system in Altai Krai using the data about victims of traffic accidents, to predict the duration of their treatment and rehabilitation. The statistical data were processed by means of Statistica 10.0 program complex with the calculation of intensive indices, mean representativeness error (±m) and significance of differences by Fisher’s method. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the analysis of organizational and methodological bases of medical evacuation of the population of Altai Krai in road traffic accidents in the conditions of optimization of healthcare in 2019-2021 are presented. The prospects for further development of the regional Disaster Medicine Service, directions of interdepartmental planning and conducting of special tactical exercises, which are one of the basic tools ensuring readiness of managers and personnel of territorial medical institutions for actions on liquidation of consequences of traffic accidents and emergencies, were determined. The necessity of training the population and interested persons in rendering first aid, which is carried out within the framework of the work of the training center of disaster medicine, has been substantiated.
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Martinez, DeAndrea, Kelcie A. Landon, Wesley McDermott, Joseph Roth, Amy Helene Schnall, Todd P. Talbert, and Hugh M. Mainzer. "The 2017 Hurricane Public Health Responses: Case Studies Illustrating the Role of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Public Health Emergency Preparedness Program." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, May 26, 2020, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.75.
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ABSTRACT The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of State and Local Readiness (DSLR), Public Health Emergency Preparedness(PHEP) program funds 62 recipients to strengthen capability standards to prepare for and respond to public health emergencies. Recipients use these PHEP resources in addition to CDC’s administrative and scientific guidance to support preparedness and response program planning and requirements. It is expected that public health agencies develop and maintain comprehensive emergency preparedness and response plans in preparation for disasters such as hurricanes. The 2017 historic hurricane season highlighted how emergency planning and collaborative operational execution is important for public health agencies to effectively prepare for and respond to both the immediate and long-term population health consequences of these disasters. In 2017, the southeastern United States (US) and US Caribbean territories experienced 3 Category 4 or higher Atlantic hurricanes (Harvey, Irma, and Maria) within a 5-week period. This paper highlights selected case studies that illustrate the contributions and impact of jurisdictional emergency management planning and operational capacity supported by capability standards during the 2017 hurricane season. Although the magnitude of the 2017 hurricanes required public health officials to seek additional assistance, the following case studies describe the use of public health preparedness systems and recovery resources supported by the PHEP program.
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Chen, Yanbing, Carolyn Ingram, Vicky Downey, Mark Roe, Anne Drummond, Penpatra Sripaiboonkij, Claire Buckley, Elizabeth Alvarez, Carla Perrotta, and Conor Buggy. "Employee Mental Health During COVID-19 Adaptation: Observations of Occupational Safety and Health/Human Resource Professionals in Ireland." International Journal of Public Health 67 (August 9, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604720.
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Objectives: This study aims to understand mental health issues among Irish employees arising from COVID-19 adaptation from the perspective of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) and/or Human Resource (HR) professionals.Methods: Fifteen focus groups including 60 OSH/HR professionals from various sectors were conducted covering four predetermined themes. The data were transcribed verbatim, with transcripts entered into Nvivo for thematic analysis incorporating intercoder reliability testing.Results: The mental health impacts among employees are identified from three stages: pre-adaptation, during adaptation, and post-adaptation. Most issues were reported during the second stage when working conditions dramatically changed to follow emerging COVID-19 policies. The identified mental health support from participating organizations included providing timely and reliable information, Employee Assistance Programme (EAP), informal communication channels, hybrid work schedules and reinforcement of control measures.Conclusion: This study explores the challenges facing employees during the different stages of COVID-19 adaptation and the associated mental health impacts. Gender’s influence on mental health consultations should be considered when planning for public health emergencies, and further research conducted in male dominated industries.
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"An Assessment of Physician Response to Provide Emergency Medical Assistance Outside of Routine Clinical Care: A Cross-sectional Study in a Tertiary Academic Hospital in Saudi Arabia." Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, July 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2022.24.8.1787.
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Background: Medical emergencies are unpredictable situations that can occur outside of the health facilities and when doctors are off-duty. Limited studies, to the best of our knowledge, have explored factors that contribute to physicians’ responses to such situations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate physicians working in a teaching hospital by responding to multiple hypothetical scenarios that can occur outside of routine clinical care and the contributing factors which lead to the physicians’ responses. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians working in King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from February to October 2020. The Participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The calculated sample was 384 individuals. An online survey tool was designed using a validated questionnaire to assess the opportunities for interventions, responses to hypothetical emergency scenarios, or willingness to provide different levels of care. In addition, the hindrances to providing care, including fear of legal ramifications were assessed. Results: A total of 360 physicians completed the survey. Moreover, 57.2% of physicians reported having intervened at least once in the past. No significant difference was found between specialties. Gender, experience, and nationality significantly affect the willingness to intervene. Fear of potential litigation was the most common reason for hesitancy in dealing with an emergency. Conclusion: Local physicians are less inclined to offer assistance in an emergency. Fear of litigation and perceived lack of training were among the most notable reasons for hesitancy in emergencies. Continuous education on local regulations may encourage physicians to intervene in an emergency.
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Crowley, Julia. "Social Vulnerability Factors and Reported Post-Disaster Needs in the Aftermath of Hurricane Florence." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, November 3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00315-5.
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Abstract This research examines the relationship between social vulnerability factors and reported needs following Hurricane Florence. Weighted least squares regression models were used to identify predictor variables for valid registrations that reported needs pertaining to emergencies, food, and shelter. Data consisted of zip codes in North Carolina and South Carolina that received individual assistance for Hurricane Florence (N = 406). The results suggest that when controlling for event-specific factors and flood mitigation factors, the proportions of the population that is female, the population over 65, the population aged 5 and under, the population older than 5 years not speaking English, and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported emergency needs. When controlling for the same variables, the proportions of the population over the age of 25 with a Bachelor’s degree, the female population, the population aged 5 and under, the population above 5 years old that does not speak English, and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported food needs. With the same variables controlled for, three variables—the proportions of the population over 65, the population aged 5 and under, and the non-English-speaking population above 5 years of age—were all predictors of the per capita reported shelter needs. The results suggest that more attention should be given to these vulnerable populations in the pre-disaster planning process.
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Bang, Henry Ngenyam, and Roland Azibo Balgah. "The ramification of Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis: conceptual analysis of a looming “Complex Disaster Emergency”." Journal of International Humanitarian Action 7, no. 1 (January 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41018-022-00114-1.
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AbstractOne of Africa’s newest struggles for liberation: Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis, which emerged from legal and education grievances in 2016, rapidly escalated into a secessionist political conflict that is threatening the unity of the country, with potential to degenerate into a complex emergency. In an exploratory, qualitative, analytical, and descriptive case study research tradition involving document/content analysis, we apply the Robert Strauss Centre’s complex emergency framework to investigate the potential of the Anglophone crisis, whose ramifications lead us to consider it an acute complex emergency. Our contention is based on the fact that 72.5% of the variables in all the complex emergencies fall within the relevant to extremely relevant ranking criteria. Furthermore, the establishment of a nexus between the Anglophone crisis and a natural hazard-induced disaster suggest an escalation of the crisis to an unbearable level. Using the high probability of a novel eruption at Mt. Cameroon coupled with the eminent threat of the spread of the COVID-19 virus, we contend that unless otherwise, the crisis has immense potential to cumulatively evolve into a “Complex Disaster Emergency” (CDE) in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon. Amidst the existential challenges in providing humanitarian assistance in the conflict region, and by applying the Robert Strauss Centre’s complex emergency framework, this article concludes with an early warning for an impending CDE that could heighten humanitarian challenges unless there is foresight and goodwill by relevant actors to immediately commence a process of adequate contingency planning.