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Uchevler, Bahram N., and Kjetil Svarstad. "Modelling and Assertion-Based Verification of Run-Time Reconfigurable Designs Using Functional Programming Abstractions." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2018 (July 10, 2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3276159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing design and production costs and long time-to-market for Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), implementing digital circuits on reconfigurable hardware is becoming a more common practice. A reconfigurable hardware combines the flexibility of the software domain with the high performance of the hardware domain and provides a flexible life cycle management for the product with a lower cost. A complete design and assertion-based verification flow for Run-Time Reconfigurable (RTR) designs using functional programming abstractions of Haskell are proposed in this article, in which partially reconfigurable hardware is used as the implementation platform. The proposed flow includes modelling of RTR designs in high levels of abstraction by using higher-order functions and polymorphism in Haskell, as well as their implementation on partially reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Assertion-based verification (ABV) is used as the verification approach which is integrated in the early stages of the design flow. Assertions can be used to verify specifications of designs in different verification methods such as simulation-based and formal verification. A partitioning algorithm is proposed for clustering the assertion-checker circuits to implement the verification circuits in a limited reconfigurable area in the target FPGA. The proposed flow is evaluated by using example designs on a Zynq FPGA as the hardware/software implementation platform.
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Zheng, Desheng, Xiaoyu Li, Guowu Yang, Hai Wang, and Lulu Tian. "An assertion graph based abstraction algorithm in GSTE and Its application." Integration 63 (September 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2018.03.009.
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AUGUSTON, M., and P. FRITZSON. "PARFORMAN—AN ASSERTION LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFYING BEHAVIOR WHEN DEBUGGING PARALLEL APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 06, no. 04 (December 1996): 609–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194096000259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PARFORMAN (PARallel FORMal ANnotation language) is a high-level specification language for expressing intended behavior or known types of error conditions when debugging or testing parallel programs. Models of intended or faulty target program behavior can be succinctly specified in PARFORMAN. These models are then compared with the actual behavior in terms of execution traces of events, in order to localize possible bugs. PARFORMAN can also be used as a general language for expressing computations over target program execution histories. PARFORM AN is based on a precise model of target program behavior. This model, called H-space (History-space), is formally defined through a set of general axioms about three basic relations, which may or may not hold between two arbitrary events: they may be sequentially ordered (SEQ), they may be parallel (PAR), or one of them might be included in another composite event (IN). The general notion of composite event is exploited systematically, which makes possible more powerful and succinct specifications. The notion of event grammar is introduced to describe allowed event patterns over a certain application domain or language. Auxiliary composite events such as Snapshots are introduced to be able to define the notion “occurred at the same time” at suitable levels of abstraction. Finally, patterns and aggregate operations on events are introduced to make possible short and readable specifications. In addition to debugging and testing, PARFORMAN can also be used to specify profiles and performance measurements.
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Revoy, Bert. "Jevons on measurement. Replay: The mathematisation of economics in the Jevonsonian theory." Recherches économiques de Louvain 64, no. 3 (1998): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800012860.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article entitled, “Jevons on measurement: A comment” (Mosselmans [1998]), betrays a lack of comprehension of the Jevonsonian process of productive abstraction of numbers. This misapprehension is clearly apparent when B. Mosselmans wrongly confuses units for numbers. This especially furthers the circumvention of the Jevonsonian idea according to which the world is ruled by numbers.Utility is not a measurable magnitude, yet it is impossible to feature it in the theory of exchange? Jevons responds by the negative. In his view, it does exist a general theory concerning the mathematical expression of magnitude that is not measurable. This assertion is found in the Theory of Political Economy and in The Principle of Science.
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Alimi, Nejmeddine, Younes Lahbib, Mohsen Machhout, and Rached Tourki. "Functional Verification of Large-integers Circuits using a Cosimulation-based Approach." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp2192-2205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cryptography and computational algebra designs are complex systems based on modular arithmetic and build on multi-level modules where bit-width is generally larger than 64-bit. Because of their particularity, such designs pose a real challenge for verification, in part because large-integer’s functions are not supported in actual hardware description languages (HDLs), therefore limiting the HDL testbench utility. In another hand, high-level verification approach proved its efficiency in the last decade over HDL testbench technique by raising the latter at a higher abstraction level. In this work, we propose a high-level platform to verify such designs, by leveraging the capabilities of a popular tool (Matlab/Simulink) to meet the requirements of a cycle accurate verification without bit-size restrictions and in multi-level inside the design architecture. The proposed high-level platform is augmented by an assertion-based verification to complete the verification coverage. The platform experimental results of the testcase provided good evidence of its performance and re-usability.
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Menis, Susanna. "How to Write a Positivist Legal History: Lessons from the 18th and 19th Centuries English Jurists William Blackstone and James Fitzjames Stephen." Histories 1, no. 3 (August 12, 2021): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories1030017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is about the shaping of the law understood as a positivist enterprise. Positivist law has been the object of contentious debate. Since the 1960s, and with the surfacing of revisionist histories, it has been suggested that the abstraction of the doctrine of criminal law is due to its categorisation in early histories. However, it is argued here that positivism was hardly an intentional master plan of autocratic social control. Rather, it is important to recognise that historians do not provide a value-free recount of history. This paper examines this assertion by drawing on the writings of the English jurists William Blackstone and his work Commentaries on the Law of England (1765), and James Fitzjames Stephen’s A History of the Criminal Law of England (1883). Taking these scholars not as mere a-historical writers but reflecting on the fact that they inevitably ‘functioned’ as conduits of their own social practise opens an inquiry into the social response to a social need, which was already under way long before their time.
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Biro, Andrew. "Reading a water menu: Bottled water and the cultivation of taste." Journal of Consumer Culture 19, no. 2 (July 12, 2017): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540517717779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The market for bottled water is growing and increasingly segmented. How do we explain not just the willingness to pay for a substance (water) that is almost free but also the increasing discernment in a drink generally considered tasteless? We argue that bottled water market segmentation is a leading edge of processes of water commodification, associated with the crisis of Fordism and rise of consumerist capitalism, where the assertion of status through commodity consumption is increasingly necessary. The extensive Ray’s & Stark water menu is analyzed to show how the taste for bottled waters is cultivated. In the menu, references to gustatory sensation are limited. Instead, the tastefulness of water inheres in the distance from anthropogenic influence, made visible through scientific (geological) discourses. The tension between the desire to consume unmediated nature and the scientific abstraction necessary to recognize it reveals the social character of the taste for bottled waters. The highly refined sense of taste that the water menu’s readers are presumed to have is a reflection of consumerist capitalism’s distinctive ways of reproducing socio-economic inequality and metabolizing non-human nature.
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van Rooij, Malou. "Carefully Constructed Yet Curiously Real: How Major American Animation Studios Generate Empathy Through a Shared Style of Character Design." Animation 14, no. 3 (November 2019): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746847719875071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contemporary computer-animated films by the major American animation studios Pixar, Disney and DreamWorks are often described as evoking (extremely) emotional responses from their ever-growing audiences. Following Murray Smith’s assertion that characters are central to comprehending audiences’ engagement with narratives in Engaging Characters: Fiction, Emotion, and the Cinema (1995), this article points to a specific style of characterization as a possible reason for the overwhelming emotional response to and great success of these films, exemplified in contemporary examples including Inside Out (Pete Docter and Ronnie del Carmen, 2015), Big Hero 6 (Don Hall and Chris Williams, 2014) and How to Train Your Dragon (Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois, 2010). Drawing on a variety of scholarly work including Stephen Prince’s ‘perceptual realism’, Scott McCloud’s model of ‘amplification through simplification’ and Masahiro Mori’s Uncanny Valley theory, this article will argue how a shared style of character design – defined as a paradoxical combination of lifelikeness and abstraction – plays a significant role in the empathetic potential of these films. This will result in the proposition of a new and reverse phenomenon to Mori’s Uncanny Valley, dubbed the Pixar Peak, where, as opposed to a steep drop, audiences reach a climactic height in empathy levels when presented with this specific type of characterization.
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GARCÍA-CONTRERAS, ISABEL, JOSÉ F. MORALES, and MANUEL V. HERMENEGILDO. "Semantic code browsing." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 16, no. 5-6 (September 2016): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068416000417.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractProgrammers currently enjoy access to a very high number of code repositories and libraries of ever increasing size. The ensuing potential for reuse is however hampered by the fact that searching within all this code becomes an increasingly difficult task. Most code search engines are based on syntactic techniques such as signature matching or keyword extraction. However, these techniques are inaccurate (because they basically rely on documentation) and at the same time do not offer very expressive code query languages. We propose a novel approach that focuses on querying for semantic characteristics of code obtained automatically from the code itself. Program units are pre-processed using static analysis techniques, based on abstract interpretation, obtaining safe semantic approximations. A novel, assertion-based code query language is used to express desired semantic characteristics of the code as partial specifications. Relevant code is found by comparing such partial specifications with the inferred semantics for program elements. Our approach is fully automatic and does not rely on user annotations or documentation. It is more powerful and flexible than signature matching because it is parametric on the abstract domain and properties, and does not require type definitions. Also, it reasons with relations between properties, such as implication and abstraction, rather than just equality. It is also more resilient to syntactic code differences. We describe the approach and report on a prototype implementation within the Ciao system.
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Harriger, Katy J. "In Defense of Cooper v. Aaron: Distinguishing among Judicial Supremacy Claims." Review of Politics 78, no. 3 (2016): 443–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670516000346.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn the debate about the legitimacy of judicial supremacy, Cooper v. Aaron, the Little Rock desegregation case, is identified by both sides as critical to their argument. Defenders insist that Cooper exemplifies the need for a final authority in matters constitutional. Critics argue that the Court was wrong as a matter of democratic theory or empirical reality. In this article I argue that while it is true as a matter of empirical reality that the Court's interpretation is not the final word, the Court's assertion can be defended nonetheless. Relying on archival sources from the case, I explore the conditions under which the Court made the claim. To defend Cooper, however, does not require the defense of all assertions of judicial supremacy. I conclude by offering a preliminary analysis of how we might distinguish between more legitimate assertions of judicial supremacy and less legitimate ones.
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JONES, JUSTIN. "‘Acting upon our Religion’: Muslim women's movements and the remodelling of Islamic practice in India." Modern Asian Studies 55, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 40–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1900043x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn the last 15 years, India has witnessed the expression of a variety of new non-conformist religious practices performed by Muslim women. A range of vibrant campaigns has been pioneered by Muslim women's associations, asserting women's claims to hold and lead congregational prayers, enter and manage mosques, visit shrines, officiate Muslim marriages, and issue shari‘ah-based legal decisions. This article explores the twin questions of why these experimental remodellings of women's Islamic observance and leadership have been so pronounced in the Indian context compared with much of the Islamic world, and furthermore, why Muslim women's rights activists have put such confessional matters at the centre of their work. Exploring a series of specific female-led assertions of religious agency centring upon mosques, shari‘ah councils, and a Sufi shrine, the article argues that India's variant of ‘secularism’, which has normalized the state's non-intervention in religious institutions and laws, has given women the freedom to embark upon overhauls of Islamic conventions denied to their counterparts elsewhere. Simultaneously, this same framework for handling religious questions has historically given intra-community and clerical voices particular influence in regulating Muslim community affairs and family laws, compelling activists to seek women's empowerment in individual and local community contexts to further their objectives, including through the assertion of experimental forms of religious conduct.
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Mac-Barango, D. O., and P. C. Nwogu. "Ranking of Variables Influencing Construction Project." WORLD JOURNAL OF FINANCE AND INVESTMENT RESEARCH 6, no. 1 (August 11, 2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/wjfir.v6.no1.2022.pg49.61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Construction projects are successfully delivered when they are completed at targeted cost, time as well as meeting the required performance quality wise. The above assertion is often times more of an abstraction than reality. This research aims to identify several of those factors that inhibit project success with a view to ranking the degree of impact of these factors on project delivery time and consequently on success. The research using questionnaires as its instrument for data collection, obtains the personal data of the respondents as well as research components and other variables that influence project delivery. The research employed the statistical technique of percentile as well as central tendencies for the analysis of research components – (the variables influencing project delivery). The means score values of the variables formed the basis for the determination of the influencing variables. Research findings establishes as follows: (i) The mean score values of factors which contribute to delay in project delivery were between 2.26 to 4.02, where unfavourable economic policies with the value of 4.02 is the most critical and client’s understanding of design, procurement and construction processes with a value of 2.26 is the least. (ii) Other factors that impact on project delivery time had mean scores between 2.93 to 3.96, this include unfavourable physical conditions, inadequate design, incomplete and late information quality management and so on. The research concludes that attaining project objectives at first budget and scheduled time is more of an abstract than reality and as such it important to put into cognizance the components and variables as established in this study. The research recommends and exploratory study on other aspects/factors affecting project delivery time and successful implementation
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Addie, Jean-Paul D. "Stuck inside the urban with the dialectical blues again: abstraction and generality in urban theory." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 13, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article discusses how critical urban theory understands generalisation and particularity by unpacking the process of abstraction. It develops an urban interpretation of dialectics through the philosophy of internal relations to: (i) heuristically examine conceptual and political fissures within contemporary urban studies and (ii) critically recalibrate neo-Marxist planetary urban theorising. Examining the conceptual extension, levels of generality and vantage points of our abstractions can assist in constructively negotiating relations between urban difference and generality. The challenge is not which assertions are true based on a given epistemological position, but which abstractions are appropriate to address specific issues, given the range of politics and possibilities each establishes.
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Ilina, Irina, and Andrey Klypin. "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS." Science Governance and Scientometrics 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 458–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2020.15-4.458-485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the research and development sector in the Russian Federation during the transition from the first to the second stage of the implementation of the Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. In addition, the authors also prepare proposals for improving the state scientific and technical policies. Methods. This paper employs theoretical methods, including non-comparative and comparative analysis, cognitive synthesis, abstraction and concretization, systemic approach and structural-functional method. Results and Discussion. The paper presents the dynamics of changes in the key indicators of scientific and technical activity in the Russian Federation as well as significant risks and threats/challenges constraining scientific and technical activities, which are divided into two groups: organisational and economic (internal) challenges and global technological (external) challenges. The main research results are: a set of measures in the framework of the state scientific and technological policy, ensuring the further scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, including the improvement of the public administration system through the development of mechanisms for financing research and development; creation of favourable conditions for involving enterprises of the real economy and other companies in all stages of research and development; creation of an integrated system for assessing scientific, research and technology results; introduction of a holistic system to support scientific, research, technological and innovation activities, providing targeted support at every stage of the innovation life cycle; introduction and development of the mechanism of scientific diplomacy in Russia; development of science and technology at the regional level; development of mechanisms for involving qualified personnel to scientific activities; development of a holistic system of expertise, monitoring and forecasting for scientific, research and technological activities. Conclusion. Results of this research substantiate the assertion that such areas as science, technology and innovation should operate as a whole structure integrated into the socio-economic system of the country and ensuring the technological selfsufficiency and competitiveness of the national economy.
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Houlgate, Stephen. "Hegel's Critique of the Triumph of Verstand in Modernity." Hegel Bulletin 18, no. 01 (1997): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200001191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In his lectures on the philosophy of history Hegel passes this famous judgement on the French Revolution. “Anaxagoras had been the first to say that nous governs the world; but only now did humanity come to recognize that thought should rule spiritual actuality. This was thus a magnificent dawn”. What first gave rise to discontent in France, in Hegel's view, were the heavy burdens that pressed upon the people and the government's inability to procure for the Court the means of supporting its luxury and extravagance. But soon the new spirit of freedom and enlightenment began to stir in men's minds and carry them forward to revolution. “One should not, therefore, declare oneself against the assertion”, Hegel concludes, “that the Revolution received its first impulse from Philosophy” (VPW, p 924). However, Hegel points out that the legacy of the revolution is actually an ambiguous one. For, although the principles which guided the revolution were those of reason and were indeed magnificent – namely, that humanity is born to freedom and self-determination – they were held fast in their abstraction and turned “polemically”, and at times terribly, against the existing order (VPW, p 925). What ultimately triumphed in the revolution was thus not concrete reason itself, but abstract reason or understanding (VPW, p 923). In Hegel's view, the enduring legacy of such revolutionary understanding was, not so much the Terror, but the principle that “the subjective wills of the many should hold sway” (VPW, p 932). This principle, which Hegel calls the principle of “liberalism” and which we would call the principle of majority rule, has since spread from France to become one of the governing principles of modern stat. It has been used to justify granting universal suffrage, to justify depriving corporations and the nobility of the right to sit in the legislature, and in some cases to justify abolishing the monarchy. What is of crucial importance for Hegel, however, is that such measures have not rendered the state more modern and rational, but have in fact distorted the modern state.
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Santiago, Amitha. "NURTURING ABSTRACTIONS OF THE NATION IN RELIGIO-CULTURAL IDENTITY ASSERTIONS AND SPACES OF GENEROSITY IN SUFI DARGHAS OF KARNATAKA." International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/ijiis.vol1.iss1.2018.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Socio-political reality is often brought into being through performative acts. To say that religio-cultural identity stakes its claim on the socio-political through performative utterances is to also state that socio-political realities appear as effects of articulated ideology. It has been well acknowledged that socio-political ideology presents itself as if it were offering some ‘deeper, extra political truths’ of being and becoming that are constant. This brings forth a believing community, which functions as a stabilizing occurrence for these ‘deeper, extra political truths’ of being and becoming. Assertions of essential religio-cultural identity constitute one such discursive practice that brings into effect communities that nurture binarizing abstractions such as what it is to be ‘Indian’, the idea of who is a ‘Hindu’ and the notion of nationalism that elects an umbilical connect to the Hindu Vedic lineage. It is to understand the processes that are involved in the crafting of these extra political truths of being and becoming, to examine whether these truths are in fact extra political, and to come to an understanding of how the believing communities which are effected preserve an abstraction of pure national identity that this study engages shared sacred spaces that have been claimed by Hindu right-wing assertionists in India. In such an effort, the juxtaposition-ality of these shared sacred spaces of grace that harbor a substratum of generosity and sharing, marks the essentializing procedures of right wingers and their aggressive mining for a pure Indianness. Except that the ground they mine is amorphous.
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Fudge, Judy. "What Do We Mean by Law and Social Transformation?." Canadian journal of law and society 5 (1990): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s082932010000171x.
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AbstractIn Canada the entrenchment of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms generated a good deal of debate about the possibility of using law in the struggle for social transformation. Although couched in general terms, the current debate is ultimately about the possibility of asserting liberal democratic legal rights in courts in order to transform existing relations of subordination and domination. Somewhat remarkably, the positive claim that litigating entrenched legal rights encourages social transformation tends to be made almost exclusively at the theoretical level. Theoretical possibilities, rather than concrete victories, are invoked to support the claim for the transformative capacity of liberal legal rights. Instead of approaching the question of litigating social change from an exclusively theoretical perspective, this paper examines contemporary examples in order to illustrate some of the possibilities of and limits to this strategy. Specifically, the paper examines how both the labour and women's movements have used the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to further their social, political and economic goals. Not only did these two groups adopt widely different strategies during the entrenchment process, what is entailed by the assertion of bourgeois legal rights has a different meaning for each. Thus, by contrasting the experience of the labour and women's movements in invoking the Charter it is possible to begin to suggest the limits of liberal rights in the struggle for social transformation.
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Dunning, David. "Get thee to a laboratory." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 1 (February 2011): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10002530.
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Abstractvon Hippel & Trivers's central assertion that people self-deceive to better deceive others carries so many implications that it must be taken to the laboratory to be tested, rather than promoted by more indirect argument. Although plausible, many psychological findings oppose it. There is also an evolutionary alternative: People better deceive not through self-deception, but rather by not caring about the truth.
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EKONG, JOSEPH T. "A Ratiocinative Study and Assessment of W. V. O. Quine’s “Criterion of Ontological Commitment”." International Journal of Philosophy 1, no. 1 (October 7, 2022): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijp.1052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: This work has three main objectives: Firstly, it offers an elucidation of the notion of ontological commitment. Secondly, it assesses the adequacy of the criterion of ontological commitment for different languages. Thirdly, it offers some speculative and evaluative remarks regarding the significance of Quine’s criterion of ontological commitment. Many ontologists, within the analytic tradition, often appeal to Quine's criterion of ontological commitment, when debating whether an assertion or theory implies the existence of a certain entity. Regarding his goal in formulating this criterion, he says that the criterion does not aim to help us discover what it is that there is, but only what a theory says there is: “I look to variables and quantification for evidence as to what a theory says that there is, not for evidence as to what there is” (Quine, 1960: 225). Its most popular formulation, using textual evidence from Quine's oeuvre, is: “To be is to be the value of a bound variable,” (Quine, 1961: 15). However, this formulation is susceptible to gross misunderstanding, especially if one is influenced by the formalities and technical maneuvers of model theory. In mathematical logic, model theory is the study of the relationship between formal theories (a collection of sentences in a formal language expressing statements about a mathematical structure), and their models (those structures in which the statements of the theory hold). Model theory is a branch of mathematical logic where we study mathematical structures by considering the first-order sentences true in those structures and the sets definable by first-order formulas. Model theory studies the relations between sentences of a formal language and the interpretations (or ‘structures’) which make these sentences true or false. It offers precise definitions of truth, logical truth and consequence, meanings and modalities.
Methodology: This work is expository, analytic, critical and evaluative in its methodology. Of course, there are familiar philosophical problems which are within the discursive framework of ‘ontology,’ often phrased by asking if something or some category of things are “real,” or whether “they exist,” concretely. An outstanding example is provided by the traditional problem of universals, which issues in the nominalist-realist controversy, as to the real existence of universals, or of abstract entities such as classes (in the mathematical sense) or propositions (in the abstract sense, referring to the content of an assertion in abstraction from the particular words used to convey it).
Results: In as much as one might agree with Quine’s Criterion of Ontological Commitment, one might also opine that it is nonetheless a feature of first-order language (i.e. the language embodied in first-order logic; a symbolized reasoning process comprising relations, functions and constants, in which each sentence or statement is broken down into a subject and a predicate. In this regard, the predicate modifies or defines the properties of the subject) that there should be an exact correspondence between the ontological commitments carried by a sentence and the objects that must be counted among the values of the variables in order for the sentence to be true. However, this in itself is not a reason for thinking that such a feature will generalize beyond first-order languages. It is possible for Quine’s Criterion to degenerate, when the language contains atomic predicates expressing extrinsic properties.
Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on Quine’s analysis, a theory is committed to those and only those entities that in the last analysis serve as the values of its bound variables. Thus, ordinary first-order theory commits one to an ontology only of individuals (particulars), whereas higher order logic commits one to the existence of sets, i.e. of collections of definite and distinct entities (or, alternatively, of properties and relations). Likewise, if bound first-order variables are assumed to range over sets (as they do in set theory), a commitment to the existence of these sets is incurred. Admittedly, the precise import of Quine’s criterion of ontological commitment, however, is not completely clear, nor is it clear in what other sense one is perhaps committed by a theory to those entities that are named or otherwise referred to in it, but not quantified over in it. However, it despite its limitations, it has made is possible for one to measure the ontological cost of theories, an important component in deciding which theories to accept, thus offering a partial foundation for theory choice.
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RAMS, MICHAŁ, and KÁROLY SIMON. "Projections of fractal percolations." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 35, no. 2 (September 11, 2013): 530–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2013.45.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this paper we study the radial and orthogonal projections and the distance sets of the random Cantor sets $E\subset { \mathbb{R} }^{2} $, which are called Mandelbrot percolation or percolation fractals. We prove that the following assertion holds almost surely: if the Hausdorff dimension of $E$ is greater than $1$ then the orthogonal projection to every line, the radial projection with every centre, and the distance set from every point contain intervals.
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Howard, Paul. "Unions of well-ordered sets." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 56, no. 1 (February 1994): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700034753.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory weakened to permit the existence of atoms and without the axiom of choice we investigate the deductive strength of five statements which make assertions about the cardinality of the union of a well-ordered collection of sets. All five of the statements considered are consequences of the axiom of choice.
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Kim, Junyeol. "Does Frege Have a Metalinguistic Truth-Predicate in Begriffsschrift?" Canadian Journal of Philosophy 51, no. 3 (April 2021): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/can.2021.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn the explanations of logical laws and inference rules of the mature version of Begriffsschrift in Grundgesetze, Frege uses the predicate “… is the True.” Scholars like Greimann maintain that this predicate is a metalinguistic truth-predicate for Frege. This paper examines an argument for this claim that is based on the “nominal reading” of Frege’s conception of sentences—the claim that for Frege a sentence “$ p $” is equivalent to a nonsentential phrase like “the truth-value of the thought that $ p $.” In particular, this paper attempts to establish two points concerning this argument based on the nominal reading. First, the argument implies a claim about the nature of assertion which Frege repeatedly denies in his mature works. Secondly, the nominal reading on which the argument depends is false. A sentence “$ p $” is not equivalent to a nonsentential phrase like “the truth-value of the thought that $ p $” for Frege. Our discussion will lead to an important lesson about Frege’s conception of sentences and of assertion.
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Cooper, Alan, and Bernard R. Goldstein. "The Cult of the Dead and the Theme of Entry Into the Land." Biblical Interpretation 1, no. 3 (1993): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851593x00179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn a number of biblical texts, including both prescriptive texts and narratives, the erection of stones, pillars, or altars commemorates entry into the land of Israel. The present paper is an investigation of the mythic and cultic basis for this action. It is suggested that the erection of the or together with accompanying ritual actions, may be traced to the Israelite ancestor cult. The underlying ritual pattern constitutes the ceremonial installation of the ancestors on the land, and manifests an assertion of ownership in perpetuity.
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Ambos-Spies, Klaus, Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen, Steffen Lempp, and Theodore A. Slaman. "Comparing DNR and WWKL." Journal of Symbolic Logic 69, no. 4 (December 2004): 1089–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1102022212.
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Ware, Owen. "Accessing the Moral Law through Feeling." Kantian Review 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415415000060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this article I offer a critical commentary on Jeanine Grenberg’s claim that, by the time of the second Critique, Kant was committed to the view that we only access the moral law’s validity through the feeling of respect. The issue turns on how we understand Kant’s assertion that our consciousness of the moral law is a ‘fact of reason’. Grenberg argues that all facts must be forced, and anything forced must be felt. I defend an alternative interpretation, according to which the fact of reason refers to the actuality of our moral consciousness.
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WIELENBERG, ERIK J. "Sceptical theism and divine lies." Religious Studies 46, no. 4 (June 14, 2010): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412510000247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this paper I develop a novel challenge for sceptical theists. I present a line of reasoning that appeals to sceptical theism to support scepticism about divine assertions. I claim that this reasoning is at least as plausible as one popular sceptical theistic strategy for responding to evidential arguments from evil. Thus, I seek to impale sceptical theists on the horns of a dilemma: concede that either (a) sceptical theism implies scepticism about divine assertions, or (b) the sceptical theistic strategy for responding to evidential arguments from evil fails. An implication of (a) is that sceptical theism is at odds with any religious tradition according to which there are certain claims that we can know to be true solely in virtue of the fact that God has told us that they are true. This result will render conceding (a) unattractive to many sceptical theists.
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Hasty, Olga. "Memory, Consciousness, and Time in Nabokov's Lolita." KronoScope 4, no. 2 (2004): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568524042801400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn his "Confession of a White Widowed Male," Humbert Humbert, the fictional narrator of Nabokov's Lolita, writes: "I am not concerned with so-called 'sex' at all." In the context of a narrative that centers on his pedophilia, it is difficult to take this assertion seriously. Yet if we do, we come to appreciate that Humbert's sexuality is emblematic of a distinctly modernist response to the perennial question of how to counter temporal passage and the inevitable loss attendant on it. Nabokov's configuration of memory, consciousness, and time in Lolita shows how passage itself might be engaged in the creative enterprise of resisting loss.
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Gostanian, Anthony. "How the FDA Can Overturn Wyeth v. Levine." American Journal of Law & Medicine 36, no. 1 (March 2010): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881003600106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn Wyeth v. Levine, the Supreme Court held that an FDA-approved drug label did not preempt state tort law. Although the Supreme Court did not defer to the FDA's position, language in the opinion, and Breyer's concurring opinion, suggest that the FDA may be able to abrogate Wyeth v. Levine using the administrative law doctrine originally announced in Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council. That is, the FDA may claim deference to its position in a future case involving the same legal questions. This Note explains how Wyeth impacts the Chevron doctrine and identifies how the FDA assertion that drug labels preempt state law may win in a future case.
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Rüede, Christian. "Transfinite dependent choice and ω-model reflection". Journal of Symbolic Logic 67, № 3 (вересень 2002): 1153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1190150155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this paper we present some metapredicative subsystems of analysis. We deal with reflection principles, ω-model existence axioms (limit axioms) and axioms asserting the existence of hierarchies. We show several equivalences among the introduced subsystems. In particular we prove the equivalence of Σ11 transfinite dependent choice and Π21 reflection on ω-models of Σ11-DC.
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McCall, Grant S. "Altitude Adjustments: More on Didima Gorge and New Directions in Rock Art Research." American Antiquity 77, no. 4 (October 2012): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.77.4.813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn their comment, Challis et al. (this issue) find fault with several aspects of my earlier paper on rock paintings in the Didima Gorge, South Africa (McCall 2010). In this reply, I acknowledge that they may be correct in certain assertions concerning rock shelter altitudes. I argue, however, that the significance of these “altitude adjustments” for my broader arguments concerning variability in San rock art site use patterns is minor. I close by considering more substantive challenges for the use of quantitative analytical methods in the examination rock art assemblage composition and landscape-scale variation.
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Engelmann, Sebastian. "Konflikt als Movens – Chancen für Schule, Religion und Demokratie." Zeitschrift für Pädagogik und Theologie 71, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpt-2019-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn times of antidemocratic resentment and rising societal diversity, harmony and unity become questionable as the normative foundation for modern approaches to education. This article makes plausible the assertion that educational thought needs to change one of its basic theoretical assump- tions: the overall perception of conflicts. In a first step, the article introduces the concept of the “School Republic”, summarizing the ideas of Hermann Lietz and then its advancements by Minna Specht. In a second step, the article ties this specific pedagogical arrangement to recent political theory and one well-known concept of human rights education. Finally, the article discusses the scope of the approach which is sketched out here and identifies links to recent discussions in democraticcy education.
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Torres-Martínez, Sergio. "Translating Wittgenstein: A semiotic translation of the Tractatus." Semiotica 2020, no. 233 (March 26, 2020): 91–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this article, I introduce a semiosic translation of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. The theoretical framework is Semiosic Translation, a theory that combines Peirce’s interpretive semiotics and Wittgenstein’s notions of rule-following and complex-fact. I seek to show that this approach is particularly adroit at the task of making the sometimes cryptic philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein accessible to readers. To support this assertion, I compare and analyze several canonical translations of the Tractatus with possible semiosic translations. The results show that Wittgenstein’s work throughout its different phases displays a continuity that reaches a genuine abductive peak in the Philosophical Investigations. This abductive, usage-based turn is, nonetheless, announced in the Tractatus in terms of a quest for semiotic accuracy.
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Goldberg, Sanford C. "Social Epistemic Normativity: The Program." Episteme 17, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 364–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2019.54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this paper I argue that epistemically normative claims regarding what one is permitted or required to believe (or to refrain from believing) are sometimes true in virtue of what we owe one another as social creatures. I do not here pursue a reduction of these epistemically normative claims to claims asserting one or another (ethical or social) interpersonal obligation, though I highlight some resources for those who would pursue such a reduction.
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Studlar, Donley T., and Richard E. Matland. "The Growth of Women's Representation in the Canadian House of Commons and the Election of 1984: A Reappraisal." Canadian Journal of Political Science 27, no. 1 (March 1994): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900006211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn the 1980s, Canada went from having one of the lowest levels of female representation in its national legislature to having one of the highest among countries with single-member district electoral systems. The authors examine the common assertion that this increase was largely due to the surprising Progressive Conservative landslide in the 1984 federal election. By simulating plausible alternative election results they find there would have been a substantial increase in the number of women in the parliament, regardless of how the vote split in 1984. The simulations are followed by probit analyses for 1980, 1984 and 1988 which examine what factors affected the probability a major-party candidate would be a woman and what factors affected the probability that a successful candidate would be a woman.
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Pinciroli, F., G. Pozzi, and C. Combi. "Managing Different Time Granularities of Clinical Information by an Interval-based Temporal Data Model." Methods of Information in Medicine 34, no. 05 (September 1995): 458–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract:In the field of databases, time management at different levels of granularity has been an issue for several years, for instance when dealing with clinical information from different databases using different time units, dealing with natural language expressions, or when dealing with temporal uncertainty. A temporal data model is proposed to manage the temporal aspect of data, presented at various and mixed levels of granularity. The concept of temporal assertions shapes the entire temporal information. The model provides a temporal dimension to the data by using intervals that can be specified at different granularities. The model supports a three-valued logic, where True, False and Undefined are the truth values. The temporal data model allows to manage some degrees of uncertainty when establishing temporal relationships between intervals or between temporal assertions, expressed at different granularities. The logical connectives and quantifiers can manage each of the three truth-values.We applied the temporal data model by implementing an object-oriented database system for managing follow-up clinical data from patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
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Strączek, Bogumił. "Beyond Contagion of Violence: Passionate Love and Empathy in the Thought of René Girard and Max Scheler." Human Studies 45, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10746-021-09613-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn his last book René Girard depicts apocalypse as disclosure of mimetic violence that is world-ending. He claims that in times of violent pandemic we are not called to fight for this world, but follow Christ in his withdrawal from the world. However, such an assertion creates serious theoretical and practical issues for the effort to heal interhuman relations from the virus of mimetic hostility. I argue for the importance of restoring a foundational distinction between passionate love and acquisitive mimetic desire from the forgotten regions of Girard’s oeuvre. With Max Scheler’s interpretation of Stendhal’s concept of l’amour passion, I explore in each thinker a fundamental insight about possibilities of transforming violent contagion through empathy and loving commitment to the world. I conclude that respective “passive” and “active” approaches to the contagion of mimetic rivalry and violence are necessary and equally valuable.
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Vidalie, Julien, Michel Batteux, Faïda Mhenni, and Jean-Yves Choley. "Category Theory Framework for System Engineering and Safety Assessment Model Synchronization Methodologies." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in systems’ complexity, leading to a rise in the need for more and more models. Models created with different intents are written using different formalisms and give diverse system representations. This work focuses on the system engineering domain and its models. It is crucial to assert a critical system’s compliance with its requirements. Thus, multiple models dedicated to these assertions are designed, such as safety or multi-physics models. As those models are independent of the architecture model, we need to provide means to assert and maintain consistency between them if we want the analyses to be relevant. The model synchronization methodologies give means to work on the consistency between the models through steps of abstraction to a common formalism, comparison, and concretization of the comparison results in the original models. This paper proposes a mathematical framework that allows for a formal definition of such a consistency relation and a mathematical description of the models. We use the context of category theory, as this is a mathematical theory providing great tools for taking into account different abstraction levels and composition of relations. Finally, we show how this mathematical framework can be applied to a specific synchronization methodology with a realistic study case.
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Niewolny, Kim L. "Boundary politics and the social imaginary for sustainable food systems." Agriculture and Human Values 38, no. 3 (May 2, 2021): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-021-10214-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this essay, Kim Niewolny, current President of AFHVS, responds to the 2020 AFHVS Presidential Address given by Molly Anderson. Niewolny is encouraged by Anderson’s message of moving “beyond the boundaries” by focusing our gaze on the insurmountable un-sustainability of the globalized food system. Anderson recommends three ways forward to address current challenges. Niewolny argues that building solidarity with social justice movements and engendering anti-racist praxis take precedence. This work includes but is not limited to dismantling the predominance of neoliberal-fueled technocratic productivism in agricultural science and policy while firmly centering civil society collective action and human rights frameworks as our guiding imaginary for racial, gender, environmental, and climate justice possibilities for sustainable food systems praxis. She concludes by exploring the epistemic assertion to push beyond our professional and political imaginaries to build a more fair, just, and humanizing food system.
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Lindhardt, Martin. "‘If you are saved you cannot forget your parents’: Agency, Power, and Social Repositioning in Tanzanian born-again Christianity." Journal of Religion in Africa 40, no. 3 (2010): 240–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006610x530330.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn much of the literature on African Pentecostalism, conversion has been associated with a striving for modernist individualist identities and a strategy for legitimising social, generational rupture. This article contributes to the existing scholarly field by shedding light on the ways in which urban Tanzanian born-again Christians address generational antagonisms and position themselves in relation to elder generations. Drawing on anthropological discussions of the concept of agency and focusing particular attention on the ways in which a specific kind of agency is cultivated through participation in ritual, I argue against a narrow association of born-again Christianity with modernist individualism. While an assertion of individual autonomy is implied in conversion, Tanzanian born-again Christians do not cease to be social beings, deeply embedded in family relationships. I demonstrate how born-again religious practice enables urban Tanzanians to actively rephrase and sometimes even improve their relationships with unconverted family elders.
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Miller, Vincent J. "An Abyss at The Heart of Mediation: Louis-Marie Chauvet's Fundamental Theology of Sacramentality." Horizons 24, no. 2 (1997): 230–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900017151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn his imposing work, Symbol and Sacrament, Louis-Marie Chauvet creatively explores the implications of symbolic mediation for the whole of Christian theology. Central to Chauvet's “fundamental theology of sacramentality” is the assertion that there is an inescapable absence within any mediation of presence. With this critical principle, he attempts to counter ecclesial triumphalism. Despite this critical concern, Chauvet's impressive project suffers from a naive optimism concerning symbolic mediation. Religious symbols are misused not only by those who assume direct, unmediated presence but also by those who coopt them to ideological ends. Chauvet's theology provides no principle of discernment concerning the possibility of the corruption of the Christian symbol tradition. His use of the notion of Gelassenheit to describe the proper posture toward religious symbols stifles critical reception. This article offers suggestions for correcting these shortcomings in Chauvet's worthwhile project using the thought of Levinas, Habermas, and Ricoeur.
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Thomas, K. Bailey. "Intersectionality and Epistemic Erasure: A Caution to Decolonial Feminism." Hypatia 35, no. 3 (2020): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2020.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this article I caution that María Lugones's critiques of Kimberlé Crenshaw's intersectional theory posit a dangerous form of epistemic erasure, which underlies Lugones's decolonial methodology. This essay serves as a critical engagement with Lugones's essay “Radical Multiculturalism and Women of Color Feminisms” in order to uncover the decolonial lens within Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality. In her assertion that intersectionality is a “white bourgeois feminism colluding with the oppression of Women of Color,” Lugones precludes any possibility of intersectionality operating as a decolonial method. Although Lugones states that her “decolonial feminism” is for all women of color, it ultimately excludes Black women, particularly with her misconstruing of Crenshaw's articulation of intersectionality that is rooted within the Black American feminist tradition. I explore Lugones's claims by juxtaposing her rendering of intersectionality with Crenshaw's and conclude that Lugones's decolonial theory risks erasing Black women from her framework.
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Nolan, Brian. "Computing the meaning of the assertive speech act by a software agent." Journal of Computer-Assisted Linguistic Research 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jclr.2017.7786.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the nature of the assertive speech act of Irish. We examine the syntactical constructional form of the assertive to identify its constructional signature. We consider the speech act as a construction whose meaning as an utterance depends on the framing situation and context, along with the common ground of the interlocutors. We identify how the assertive speech act is formalised to make it computer tractable for a software agent to compute its meaning, taking into account the contribution of situation, context and a dynamic common ground. Belief, desire and intention play a role in <em>what is meant</em> as against <em>what is said</em>. The nature of knowledge, and how it informs common ground, is explored along with the relationship between knowledge and language. Computing the meaning of a speech act in the situation requires us to consider the level of the interaction of all these dimensions. We argue that the contribution of lexicon and grammar, with the recognition of belief, desire and intentions in the situation type and associated illocutionary force, sociocultural conventions of the interlocutors along with their respective general and cultural knowledge, their common ground and other sources of contextual information are all important for representing meaning in communication. We show that the influence of the situation, context and common ground feeds into the utterance meaning derivation. The ‘<em>what is said’</em> is reflected in the event and its semantics, while the ‘<em>what is meant’</em> is derived at a higher level of abstraction within a situation.
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Watson, Jada, and Lori Burns. "Resisting exile and asserting musical voice: the Dixie Chicks are ‘Not Ready to Make Nice’." Popular Music 29, no. 3 (October 2010): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143010000231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn 2003, Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks denounced President George W. Bush from a concert stage in London, England leading to serious career consequences for the country music trio. In response to three years of public criticism and radio boycotts, the Dixie Chicks released their single ‘Not Ready to Make Nice’, with an accompanying video critiquing the oppressive institutional power that sought to silence them. Through an analysis of music, text and images in this song, this paper explores how the Dixie Chicks responded to the backlash and regained their voice in the music industry. The paper offers a critical summary of the political incident, an interpretation of the images of symbolic containment and resistance that are prevalent in the video, and an interpretation of the musical elements in relation to the lyrics and images. Through the intersection of lyrics, music and images the Dixie Chicks create a platform of resistance to the social and institutional oppression they experienced.
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Hunt, Julian, Antonio Sanchez, Win Tadd, and Sinead O'Mahony. "Organizational culture and performance in health care for older people: a systematic review." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 22, no. 3 (April 17, 2012): 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259812000044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing understanding that organizational culture is an important characteristic that may influence the effectiveness of health care provision, not least for the growing numbers of older people needing care. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to uncover any reliable evidence supporting the assertion that organizational culture in health care organizations is related, in terms of activity and outcome, to their performance. Searches identified 20 relevant papers published between 1993 and 2010. A number of studies reviewed claims to have uncovered evidence of a relationship in terms of activity, while others failed to find a clear relationship. None of the studies found much evidence against. In terms of outcomes, none of the studies reviewed found evidence of a relationship between culture and performance. It is clear that any relationship between culture and performance is highly unlikely to be simple: such relationships are more likely to be multiple, complex, contingent and dynamic.
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McKenna, Richard J., and Mark Campbell Williams. "Paradigms and Approaches to Learning Preparing for the Third Millenium." Journal of Management & Organization 3, no. 1 (January 1997): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200005988.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this paper, we contend that business education could benefit from attention to a field of study concerned with the way in which adults learn, and their motivation as students. We warrant the assertion that, although university business faculty tend to present a conventional wisdom set in the traditional paradigm(s) of their discipline areas, there is growing need for managers and academics to reject the concept of certainty, and to be open to conflicting values, change, uncertainty, and continuous learning. Conformity to a central paradigm requires that any ideas that stray from the established path be ignored, but emerging paradigms in business theory and research increase the urgency of the need for significant changes in the traditional curriculum and methodology of business education. We consider it long overdue for students of organisations, including current and future practitioners, to participate in the dialogue and benefit from new approaches, which will challenge the community of business academics to redesign both the content and the methodology of courses.
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Grove, DeeAnn. "White Voters, A Key Piece of the Puzzle: Education, Race, and Electoral Politics." PS: Political Science & Politics 51, no. 03 (March 19, 2018): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096518000100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTIn 2004, Jennifer L. Hochschild challenged political scientists to give greater attention to education policy and politics. Although it challenges Hochschild’s interpretation of the politics of school vouchers, this article demonstrates her central assertion that the era of school desegregation continues to impact American politics. Internal campaign strategy documents from presidential election campaigns reveal how the two parties have arrived at different school voucher positions because of the different challenges each party faced as a result of the battle over school desegregation. Republican strategists were concerned that white voters believed their candidates did not care about people of color. Supporting vouchers for urban Black children allowed Republicans to reassure white voters of their racial sensitivity. In contrast, Democratic candidates were more concerned that they might alienate white voters by taking another position that seemed to pander to Black voters. Strategists’ perceptions of white voters’ attitudes toward education and race comprise the thread that connects the past to the present.
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McKenna, Richard J., and Mark Campbell Williams. "Paradigms and Approaches to Learning Preparing for the Third Millenium." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 3, no. 1 (January 1997): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.1997.3.1.30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this paper, we contend that business education could benefit from attention to a field of study concerned with the way in which adults learn, and their motivation as students. We warrant the assertion that, although university business faculty tend to present a conventional wisdom set in the traditional paradigm(s) of their discipline areas, there is growing need for managers and academics to reject the concept of certainty, and to be open to conflicting values, change, uncertainty, and continuous learning. Conformity to a central paradigm requires that any ideas that stray from the established path be ignored, but emerging paradigms in business theory and research increase the urgency of the need for significant changes in the traditional curriculum and methodology of business education. We consider it long overdue for students of organisations, including current and future practitioners, to participate in the dialogue and benefit from new approaches, which will challenge the community of business academics to redesign both the content and the methodology of courses.
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Martínez-Bascuñán, Máriam. "Misgivings on Deliberative Democracy: Revisiting the Deliberative Framework." World Political Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wps-2016-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn the last few years, the Deliberative Framework has become the main model in the consolidation of democratic processes. Deliberative theorists argue that deliberation helps to promote the democratic level of our societies, and they have good reasons to support this view. This article, however, is critical with some of these claims, questioning the widespread assumption of an existing connection between deliberation and democracy. With this objective in mind, we will examine the following three questions: Who deliberates? Under what conditions does deliberation take place? What is the content of deliberation? Once the potential repressive components of deliberation are made clear, we try to reach some normative considerations regarding how to promote certain mechanisms of deliberation that are in fact more in line with deliberative emancipation ideas and, as such, better assertions for promoting democracy.
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Steenbuch, Johannes Aakjær. "From abstraction to unsaying: how the Eunomian controversy changed Gregory of Nyssa’s aphairetic ethics to an apophatic ethics." Vox Patrum 68 (December 16, 2018): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In early Christian thinking negative theology was often applied for polemical purposes, as a means of asserting the Christian distinction between God and everything else. Only later did negative theology develop into a philosophical and contemplative method. But even then it often kept a polemical function. This was the case for Gregory of Nyssa who applied forms of negative theology in his spiritual and exegetical works as well as in his polemical works, especially those against Eunomius. Using a distinction between aphairetic and apophatic kinds of negative theology, it can be argued that Gregory’s theology, epistemology and philosophy of language, as developed during the Eunomian controversy, changed his negative theology in a fundamental way from an aphairetic theology, based on abstraction, to a thoroughly apophatic theology, based on negation in the sense of unsaying. It can further be argued that the results of this development influenced Gregory’s ethical theories, his moral epistemology in particular. The main texts in question, besides Gregory’s writings against Eunomius, are his early work on the inscriptions of the Psalms and his later work on the life of Moses. Both contain reflections on Moses’ spiritual development, but while the former uses mostly affirmative language, the latter involves a much higher degree of apophatic theology. This change is likely to have occurred during the Eunomian controversy where such things as God’s infinity and the inability of human beings to grasp the divine essence became fundamental in such a way that apophatic, rather than aphairetic, language and thinking gained a central role in Gregory’s theology as well as ethics.
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Bond, Alan H. "A predicate logic approach to CAD/CAM modeling." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 6, no. 1 (February 1992): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400002936.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An approach to CAD and CAM modeling and to the design of CAD/CAM systems is presented. Models of the product and of the process are represented by logical assertions in a common logical language. CAD/CAM functions are represented by the application of logical inference rules, which correspond to the derivation of new information as well as to actions. This allows all the different kinds of model and specification used in design and manufacturing to be represented in a computer in a common form. It therefore allows the representation of constraints and rules connecting any aspects of design and manufacturing together.This approach has all the advantages of formal specifiction, namely, ease of expression, communication, standardization and abstraction. At the same time, we demonstrate its practical implementation in an efficient form, and which is industry compatible, and we report practical experience with using this approach for CAD/CAM models and for intelligent CAD/CAM functions.