Статті в журналах: "Asbestos quantification"

1

Roggli, Victor L. "The Contributions Of Analytical Electron Microscopy to the Detection and Quantification of Asbestos in Human Lung Samples." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100135307.

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Analytical electron microscopy has contributed a great deal to our understanding of asbestosrelated diseases. Exposure to the various forms of asbestos, which include the serpentine form known as chrysotile asbestos, and the amphibole forms referred to as amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite asbestos, has been associated with the development of a number of diseases in man. These include asbestosis (scarring of the lung parenchyma), pleural plaques (scarring of the pleura), malignant mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum, and carcinoma of the lung, especially among those who also smoke cigarettes.Analysis of the mineral fiber content of the lung in patients with these various diseases has provided a powerful investigative tool to researchers interested in the relationship between fiber burdens and disease. Such studies have shown that when sufficiently sensitive digestion concentration techniques are employed, some asbestos can be found in lung tissue from virtually every adult in the general population.

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2

Roggli, Victor L., Allen R. Gibbs, Richard Attanoos, Andrew Churg, Helmut Popper, Philip Cagle, Bryan Corrin, et al. "Pathology of Asbestosis—An Update of the Diagnostic Criteria: Report of the Asbestosis Committee of the College of American Pathologists and Pulmonary Pathology Society." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 462–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/134.3.462.

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Abstract Asbestosis is defined as diffuse pulmonary fibrosis caused by the inhalation of excessive amounts of asbestos fibers. Pathologically, both pulmonary fibrosis of a particular pattern and evidence of excess asbestos in the lungs must be present. Clinically, the disease usually progresses slowly, with a typical latent period of more than 20 years from first exposure to onset of symptoms. Differential Diagnosis: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis The pulmonary fibrosis of asbestosis is interstitial and has a basal subpleural distribution, similar to that seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is the principal differential diagnosis. However, there are differences between the 2 diseases apart from the presence or absence of asbestos. First, the interstitial fibrosis of asbestosis is accompanied by very little inflammation, which, although not marked, is better developed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Second, in keeping with the slow tempo of the disease, the fibroblastic foci that characterize idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are infrequent in asbestosis. Third, asbestosis is almost always accompanied by mild fibrosis of the visceral pleura, a feature that is rare in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Differential Diagnosis: Respiratory Bronchiolitis Asbestosis is believed to start in the region of the respiratory bronchiole and gradually extends outward to involve more and more of the lung acinus, until the separate foci of fibrosis link, resulting in the characteristically diffuse pattern of the disease. These early stages of the disease are diagnostically problematic because similar centriacinar fibrosis is often seen in cigarette smokers and is characteristic of mixed-dust pneumoconiosis. Fibrosis limited to the walls of the bronchioles does not represent asbestosis. Role of Asbestos Bodies Histologic evidence of asbestos inhalation is provided by the identification of asbestos bodies either lying freely in the air spaces or embedded in the interstitial fibrosis. Asbestos bodies are distinguished from other ferruginous bodies by their thin, transparent core. Two or more asbestos bodies per square centimeter of a 5-μm-thick lung section, in combination with interstitial fibrosis of the appropriate pattern, are indicative of asbestosis. Fewer asbestos bodies do not necessarily exclude a diagnosis of asbestosis, but evidence of excess asbestos would then require quantitative studies performed on lung digests. Role of Fiber Analysis Quantification of asbestos load may be performed on lung digests or bronchoalveolar lavage material, employing either light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, or transmission electron microscopy. Whichever technique is employed, the results are only dependable if the laboratory is well practiced in the method chosen, frequently performs such analyses, and the results are compared with those obtained by the same laboratory applying the same technique to a control population.

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3

Ham, Hwang, and Yoon. "Comparison of Methods for Pretreatment and Quantification of Bulk Asbestos Samples for Polarized Light Microscopy Analysis to Evaluate Asbestos-Containing Waste." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 6440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226440.

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This study aimed to compare sample pretreatment procedures for the identification and quantification of asbestos. The performance of visual estimation and point counting procedures for evaluating asbestos-containing waste was investigated, and the effect of analytical experience was studied. The efficacy of pretreatments for the identification and quantification of asbestos in various sample matrices was compared. To evaluate the effect of experience on analytical accuracy, three analysts with different analytical experiences were selected. There were significant differences in the quantitative analysis results obtained using different pretreatments. False negatives were reported when asbestos, especially amphiboles, were analyzed by a less-experienced analyst. Quantification via point counting and visual estimation resulted in differences in the asbestos content. The results of point counting were more accurate than those of visual estimation for all analysts, regardless of the asbestos type and concentration. Experience in asbestos analysis affected accuracy and precision. The findings show that pretreatment is an important factor in qualitative analysis. Appropriate pretreatments should be assigned based on the properties of the sample. For quantitative analysis, the accuracy of the results depends on the experience of the analyst. Until analysts are fully trained, all their analysis results should be checked by an experienced analyst. Point counting is an adequate quantitative method for analyzing samples with low concentrations.

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4

Rinaudo, Caterina, Alessandro Croce, Stefania Erra, Elisabetta Nada, Marinella Bertolotti, Federica Grosso, Antonio Maconi, and Marco Amisano. "Asbestos Fibers and Ferruginous Bodies Detected by VP-SEM/EDS in Colon Tissues of a Patient Affected by Colon-Rectum Cancer: A Case Study." Minerals 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060658.

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The aim of this work was to inspect the presence of asbestos fibers in colon tissue from a patient, with history of indirect exposure to asbestos and affected by colon cancer, who underwent surgery. Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (VP-SEM/EDS), was used for identification of inorganic fibers and for their morphological- chemical characterization. Fresh tissue samples from both, healthy area close to the neoplasia and from the neoplastic regions, were separately digested to eliminate the biological matrix. The precipitate was analyzed by VP-SEM/EDS, identifying in samples from healthy tissue asbestos bodies and small asbestos fibers, and in samples from neoplastic tissue long fibers of asbestos, free from covering. A quantification of the asbestos bodies and the free fibers in the two type of specimens is proposed. Moreover, to locate the fibers in the biological medium, histological sections from the colon of the same patient were also examined. Free asbestos fibers appeared concentrated in the tissue bridge between the healthy and the neoplastic areas. Immuno-histochemical investigation performed on the neoplasia seems to exclude a role of microsatellite instability in the carcinogenesis process, suggesting an influence of the fibers.

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5

Millette, James R. "Reference Methods For Analyzing For Asbestos In Various Media." Microscopy Today 3, no. 10 (December 1995): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065640.

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Microscopy remains the primary tool for the analysis and quantification of asbestos in occupational and environmental studies. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has recently approved two new Standard Methods for the analysis of asbestos in settled dust. Both methods require the use of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analysis system. Other methods curently in use require the use of a polarized light microscope {PLM) or phase contrast microscope (PCM).

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6

Militello, Gaia M., Elisa Sanguineti, Adrián Yus González, Federico Mantovani, and Laura Gaggero. "The Concentration of Asbestos Fibers in Bulk Samples and Its Variation with Grain Size." Minerals 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9090539.

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The aim of this work was to establish whether asbestos fibers homogeneously occur in the different fractions ground from naturally occurring asbestos lithotypes, and to calculate the contribution of fibers from each fraction to the overall concentration in the sample. Serpentinite, metabasalt, calc-schist, clay, debris material, and soil, were addressed. Grain size fractions below 20 mm were sieved at 2 mm and 0.106 mm; they were then were mechanically milled to obtain powders below 0.106 mm. The three powdered fractions were characterized using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy following M.D. 06/09/94. The still in use (in some cases), Italian normative M.D. 161/2012 specifies that analyses must be performed on the <2 mm fraction and the concentration (mg/kg) correlated with the weight of the whole sample <20 mm. However, the fiber counts yielded asbestos concentrations 50–60% lower compared with total asbestos analyses according to the new R.P.D. 120/2017. Consequently, there is a need to standardize the normative worldwide regulations for the management of asbestos-containing materials, by re-evaluation of sample preparation and quantification of asbestos.

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7

Cossio, Roberto, Carlo Albonico, Andrea Zanella, Silvia Fraterrigo-Garofalo, Chiara Avataneo, Roberto Compagnoni, and Francesco Turci. "Innovative unattended SEM-EDS analysis for asbestos fiber quantification." Talanta 190 (December 2018): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.083.

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8

Caraballo-Arias, Yohama, Paola Caffaro, Paolo Boffetta, and Francesco Violante. "Quantitative Assessment of Asbestos Fibers in Normal and Pathological Pleural Tissue—A Scoping Review." Life 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020296.

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Background: pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer in the general population, but it is more common in subjects occupationally exposed to asbestos. Studies with asbestos fiber quantification in pleural tissue are scarce: for this reason, we aimed at undertaking a scoping review to summarize the evidence provided by studies in which asbestos fibers were determined by electron microscopy (SEM or TEM) in human pleural tissues, whether normal or pathologic. Materials and methods: A scoping review of articles that quantified asbestos fibers in human pleural tissue (normal or pathologic) by electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), in subjects with asbestos exposure (if any) was performed. Results: The 12 studies selected comprised 137 cases, out of which 142 samples were analyzed. Asbestos fibers were detected in 111 samples (78%) and were below the detectable limit in 31 samples (22%). The concentration of asbestos fibers detected in the positive samples was distributed from as low as 0.01 mfgdt (millions of fibers per gram of dry tissue) up to 240 mfgdt. However, the minimum concentration of fibers overlaps in the three types of tissues (normal pleura, pleural plaque, mesothelioma) in terms of magnitude; therefore, it is not possible to distinguish a definite pattern which differentiates one tissue from the other. Conclusions: The studies included were heterogeneous as to the representativeness of the samples and analytical techniques; the possibility of false negatives must be considered. It would be desirable to systematically search for asbestos fibers to fill the knowledge gap about the presence of asbestos fibers in normal or pathological pleural tissue in order to better understand the development of the different pleural diseases induced by this mineral.

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9

Turci, Francesco, Chiara Avataneo, Serena Botta, Igor Marcelli, Luca Barale, Maura Tomatis, Roberto Cossio, Sergio Tallone, Fabrizio Piana, and Roberto Compagnoni. "New Tools for the Evaluation of Asbestos-Related Risk during Excavation in an NOA-Rich Geological Setting." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2272.

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ABSTRACT The presence of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) in many areas worldwide requires an enhanced geological risk evaluation to ensure workplace safety from asbestos during large construction projects. Due to the complexity of the geological risk definition, health and safety regulations for working with asbestos-bearing materials are often not enforceable in NOA settings. Therefore, to correctly estimate the risk of NOA in these scenarios, new procedures are urgently needed to provide (1) a detailed geological model representative of the possible presence of the asbestos, (2) representative sampling, and (3) a reliable quantitative determination of asbestos content in rocks. This work aims to discuss the improvements on the two latter points specifically developed during the design of the “Gronda di Genova” project, a 50-km-long tunnel bypass partially designed in the NOA-bearing meta-ophiolites of the Ligurian Alps and ophiolites of the northern Apennines in Italy. Implementation of Gy's theory on sampling was used to maintain statistical validity during sample processing from the primary sample to the analytical sample and is here described. The scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy procedure for the quantification of NOA was improved with an error analysis delivering the minimum number of fibers to be measured to achieve the best analytical results.

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10

Gualtieri, A., and G. Artioli. "Quantitative determination of chrysotile asbestos in bulk materials by combined Rietveld and RIR methods." Powder Diffraction 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600014962.

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Because of their potential to induce a number of pathological diseases and their widespread industrial usage in the past, the fibrous minerals forming asbestos have been the subject of a number of studies in the past. Although quantification of asbestos minerals by optical and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) is a routine technique in the case of dispersed airborn fibers, the detection and the quantification of small amount of fibrous minerals like chrysotile in bulk materials such as building materials is exceedingly difficult. A method for the detection and evaluation of asbestos minerals in massive samples is described, based on a combination of Rietveld and RIR (Reference Intensity Ratio) methods. Lower detection limits are about 0.5-1.0 wt % for chrysotile, depending on powder pattern, counting statistics, and matrix absorption. The chrysotile wt % determined on powder diffraction profiles collected on a conventional instrument is precise to about 1.0 wt % absolute (relative error in the range 0-10%). The technique is of straightforward application. If compared with the commonly used microscopic or spectroscopic techniques, it is of much advantage from the point of view of time, and the results are more accurate and statistically significant of the bulk material. A model for the cylindrically disordered structure of fibrous chrysotile is especially developed for the simulation of the X-ray powder patterns, and it is proposed here.

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11

Ricchiuti, Claudia, Dolores Pereira, Rosalda Punturo, Eugenia Giorno, Domenico Miriello, and Andrea Bloise. "Hazardous Elements in Asbestos Tremolite from the Basilicata Region, Southern Italy: A First Step." Fibers 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9080047.

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In this paper, we report the quantification of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) hosted into two tremolite asbestos from Episcopia and San Severino Lucano villages (Basilicata region, Southern Italy). Micro X-ray fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy with Optical Emission Spectrometry techniques were used to quantify the concentration of major, minor (Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Mn) and trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn Sr, Ti, Te, V, W, Zn, Zr), with the aim of providing available data useful for the determination of the asbestos fibers toxicity. Results show that in the two studied samples there exist high concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni which could lead to the high toxicity of the mineral fibers. By considering the pseudo-total PTEs amounts in each tremolite asbestos, it is possible to affirm that one of the samples is more enriched in toxic elements than the other one (3572 ppm versus 1384 ppm). These PTEs can represent a source of risk to human health since they may be transported away from the geological outcrops, through asbestos in the air, water and soils and thus encountering the human body.

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12

Benlala, Ilyes, Baudouin Denis De Senneville, Gael Dournes, Morgane Menant, Celine Gramond, Isabelle Thaon, Bénédicte Clin, et al. "Deep Learning for the Automatic Quantification of Pleural Plaques in Asbestos-Exposed Subjects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031417.

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Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate an automated artificial intelligence (AI)-driven quantification of pleural plaques in a population of retired workers previously occupationally exposed to asbestos. Methods: CT scans of former workers previously occupationally exposed to asbestos who participated in the multicenter APEXS (Asbestos PostExposure Survey) study were collected retrospectively between 2010 and 2017 during the second and the third rounds of the survey. A hundred and forty-one participants with pleural plaques identified by expert radiologists at the 2nd and the 3rd CT screenings were included. Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) with 5 mm thickness was used to reduce the number of CT slices for manual delineation. A Deep Learning AI algorithm using 2D-convolutional neural networks was trained with 8280 images from 138 CT scans of 69 participants for the semantic labeling of Pleural Plaques (PP). In all, 2160 CT images from 36 CT scans of 18 participants were used for AI testing versus ground-truth labels (GT). The clinical validity of the method was evaluated longitudinally in 54 participants with pleural plaques. Results: The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between AI-driven and GT was almost perfect (>0.98) for the volume extent of both PP and calcified PP. The 2D pixel similarity overlap of AI versus GT was good (DICE = 0.63) for PP, whether they were calcified or not, and very good (DICE = 0.82) for calcified PP. A longitudinal comparison of the volumetric extent of PP showed a significant increase in PP volumes (p < 0.001) between the 2nd and the 3rd CT screenings with an average delay of 5 years. Conclusions: AI allows a fully automated volumetric quantification of pleural plaques showing volumetric progression of PP over a five-year period. The reproducible PP volume evaluation may enable further investigations for the comprehension of the unclear relationships between pleural plaques and both respiratory function and occurrence of thoracic malignancy.

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13

Pairon, JC, Y. Iwatsubo, MA Billon-Galland, L. Martinon, J. Bignon, and P. Brochard. "Evaluation of asbestos exposure in pleural mesothelioma using quantification of asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissue." Lung Cancer 15, no. 2 (September 1996): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5002(96)81633-3.

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14

Ray, Robyn. "Discerning Erionite from Other Zeolite Minerals During Analysis." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2279.

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ABSTRACT Erionite, a naturally occurring fibrous mineral that belongs to the zeolite group has been designated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 Carcinogen on the basis of mesothelioma, a disease also resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Significant outcrops of fibrous erionite have been reported in California, North Dakota, Nevada, Oregon, and other states. For geologists and industrial hygienists dealing with mining, construction, or various aspects of community protection, it is vital to understand the basics of detecting and handling erionite, since it is similar to asbestos and can cause similar disease. There are many fibrous zeolites, and discerning erionite from these other minerals requires modifications to current asbestos analysis methods. Without these modifications, identification and quantification are questionable and could increase the likelihood of both false negatives and false positives. There is currently no published method specific to erionite analysis; without guidance standards, each laboratory has approached erionite analysis independently. With a few small but significant changes to asbestos analysis methodologies, we developed a reproducible analytical procedure for rapid identification of erionite fibers in air, bulk, and soil samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using specialized preparation techniques, energy dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) calibrations, and a liquid nitrogen cryo-holder (cold stage), we were able to overcome the difficulties associated with erionite analysis. By incorporating these changes, commercial analytical laboratories can contribute reliable data to air-exposure studies and characterization guidelines, which may help in determining regulations and further understanding the health risks of erionite.

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15

Holm�r, Ingvar, H�kan Nilsson, Sirkka Rissanen, Kozo Hirata, and Juhani Smolander. "Quantification of heat balance during work in three types of asbestos-protective clothing." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 64, no. 4 (November 1992): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378281.

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16

Lettieri, Sara, Chandra Bortolotto, Francesco Agustoni, Filippo Lococo, Andrea Lancia, Patrizia Comoli, Angelo G. Corsico, and Giulia M. Stella. "The Evolving Landscape of the Molecular Epidemiology of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051034.

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Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that most commonly affects the pleural lining of the lungs. It has a strong association with exposure to biopersistent fibers, mainly asbestos (80% of cases) and—in specific geographic regions—erionite, zeolites, ophiolites, and fluoro-edenite. Individuals with a chronic exposure to asbestos generally have a long latency with no or few symptoms. Then, when patients do become symptomatic, they present with advanced disease and a worse overall survival (about 13/15 months). The fibers from industrial production not only pose a substantial risk to workers, but also to their relatives and to the surrounding community. Modern targeted therapies that have shown benefit in other human tumors have thus far failed in MPM. Overall, MPM has been listed as orphan disease by the European Union. However, molecular high-throughput profiling is currently unveiling novel biomarkers and actionable targets. We here discuss the natural evolution, mainly focusing on the novel concept of molecular epidemiology. The application of innovative endpoints, quantification of genetic damages, and definition of genetic susceptibility are reviewed, with the ultimate goal to point out new tools for screening of exposed subject and for designing more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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17

Compton, Steven P. "TEM Quantification of Amphibole in Asbestos Containing Materials: A Summary of Data 20 Years in the Making." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S1 (August 2018): 1184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618006402.

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18

Artali, Roberto, Antonio Del Pra, Elisabetta Foresti, Isidoro Giorgio Lesci, Norberto Roveri, and Piera Sabatino. "Adsorption of human serum albumin on the chrysotile surface: a molecular dynamics and spectroscopic investigation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 5, no. 20 (July 11, 2007): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2007.1137.

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The human serum albumin (HSA) secondary structure modifications induced by the chrysotile surface have been investigated via computational molecular dynamics (MD) and experimental infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on synthetic chrysotile nanocrystals coated with different amount of HSA. MD simulations, conducted by placing various albumin subdomains close to the fixed chrysotile surface, show an initial adsorption phase, accompanied by local rearrangements of the albumin motifs in contact with the chrysotile layer. Next, large-scale rearrangements follow with consequent secondary structure modifications. Gaussian curve fitting of the FTIR spectra obtained for HSA-coated synthetic chrysotile nanocrystals has allowed the quantification of HSA structural modifications as a function of the amount of protein adsorbed. The experimental results support the atomistic computer simulations providing a realistic description of the adsorption of plasma proteins onto chrysotile and unravelling a key step in the understanding of asbestos toxicity.

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19

Vigliaturo, Ruggero, Simone Pollastri, Reto Gieré, Alessandro F. Gualtieri, and Goran Dražić. "Experimental quantification of the Fe-valence state at amosite-asbestos boundaries using acSTEM dual-electron energy-loss spectroscopy." American Mineralogist 104, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1820–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-7218.

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Abstract Determination of the oxidation state and coordination geometry of iron in Fe-bearing minerals expands our knowledge obtained by standard mineralogical characterization. It provides information that is crucial in assessing the potential of minerals to interact with their surrounding environment and to generate reactive oxygen species, which can disrupt the normal function of living organisms. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy dual-electron energy-loss spectroscopy (acSTEM Dual-EELS) has only rarely been applied in environmental and medical mineralogy, but it can yield data that are essential for the description of near-surface and surface mechanisms involved in many environmental and health-related processes. In this study, we have applied the energy loss near-edge structure (ELNES) and L2,3 white-line intensity-ratio methods using both the universal curve and progressively larger integrating windows to verify their effectiveness in satisfactorily describing the valence state of iron at amosite grain boundaries, and, at the same time, to estimate thickness in the same region of interest. The average valence state obtained from acSTEM Dual-EELS and from a simplified geometrical model were in good agreement, and within the range defined by the bulk and the measured surface-valence states. In the specific case presented here, the use of the universal curve was most suitable in defining the valence state of iron at amosite grain boundaries. The study of ELNES revealed an excellent correspondence with the valence state determined by the L2,3 white-line intensity-ratio method through the use of the universal curve, and it seems that the spectra carry some information regarding the coordination geometry of Fe. The combination of visual examination, reconstruction of the grain boundaries through a simple geometrical model, and Dual-EELS investigation is a powerful tool for characterizing the grain boundaries of hazardous minerals and foreseeing their potential activity in an organism, with the possibility to describe toxic mechanisms in a stepwise fashion.

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20

Dournes, Gael, Adrian Dubois, Ilyes Benlala, Aude Lacourt, Christophe Paris, Antoine Gislard, Benedicte Clin, Jean-Claude Pairon, Fabien Baldacci, and François Laurent. "3-Dimensional Quantification of Composite Pleural Plaque Volume in Patients Exposed to Asbestos Using High-resolution Computed Tomography." Journal of Thoracic Imaging 34, no. 5 (September 2019): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rti.0000000000000377.

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Shelburne, J. D., and G. M. Roomans. "Specimen Preparation for Clinical Applications of X-Ray Microanalysis." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100135241.

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Proper preparative procedures are a prerequisite for the validity of the results of x-ray microanalysis of biological tissue. Clinical applications of x-ray microanalysis are often concerned with diagnostic problems and the results may have profound practical significance for the patient. From this point of view it is especially important that specimen preparation for clinical applications is carried out correctly.Some clinical problems require very little tissue preparation. Hair, nails, and kidney and gallbladder stones may be examined and analyzed after carbon coating. High levels of zinc or copper in hair may be indicative of dermatological or systemic diseases. Nail clippings may be analyzed (as an alternative to the more conventional sweat test) to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy has been shown to be the most reliable method for the identification of the components of kidney or gallbladder stones.A quantitatively very important clinical application of x-ray microanalysis is the identification and quantification of asbestos and other exogenous particles in lung.

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22

Rigopoulos, I., B. Tsikoura, P. Pomonis, S. Karipi, and K. Hatzipanagiotou. "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ASBESTOS FIBRES IN OPHIOLITIC ROCKS USED AS AGGREGATES AND HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HUMAN HEALTH." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 5 (July 31, 2017): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11678.

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This study focuses on the quantification of asbestiform minerals in basic and ultrabasic rocks from ophiolite suites of central and northern Greece. A combination of different methods were used for the detailed investigation of the samples, conducted in the following stages: (i) petrographic examination of thin sections with a polarizing microscope, (ii) mineral phase analysis using X-ray diffraction, (iii) determination of the fibrous mineral composition on polished thin sections using scanning electron microscopy, (iv) image analysis of back scattered electron images and secondary electron images, to quantify the dangerous asbestiform crystals. SEM is proved to be the most powerful tool for the detailed investigation of fibrous minerals, although polarized microscopy and XRD are necessary tools for a preliminary identification of these minerals. Basic rocks contain various amounts of actinolite, however not all crystals comprise asbestiform fibres. A conspicuous feature observed during careful petrographic analysis is that many of the non as best form actinolite crystals are broken up along their cleavage planes. Rocks with such features need specific consideration since these crystals may subsequently release numerous fibrous cleavage fragments during the production processes and in-service deterioration of aggregates. Among the serpentinized ultrabasic samples, only one contains chrysotile, while the other samples contain antigorite and lizardite.

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Lachat, Ambroise, Konstantinos Mantalovas, Tiffany Desbois, Oumaya Yazoghli-Marzouk, Anne-Sophie Colas, Gaetano Di Mino, and Adélaïde Feraille. "From Buildings’ End of Life to Aggregate Recycling under a Circular Economic Perspective: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 9625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179625.

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The demolition of buildings, apart from being energy intensive and disruptive, inevitably produces construction and demolition waste (C&Dw). Unfortunately, even today, the majority of this waste ends up underexploited and not considered as valuable resources to be re-circulated into a closed/open loop process under the umbrella of circular economy (CE). Considering the amount of virgin aggregates needed in civil engineering applications, C&Dw can act as sustainable catalyst towards the preservation of natural resources and the shift towards a CE. This study completes current research by presenting a life cycle inventory compilation and life cycle assessment case study of two buildings in France. The quantification of the end-of-life environmental impacts of the two buildings and subsequently the environmental impacts of recycled aggregates production from C&Dw was realized using the framework of life cycle assessment (LCA). The results indicate that the transport of waste, its treatment, and especially asbestos’ treatment are the most impactful phases. For example, in the case study of the first building, transport and treatment of waste reached 35% of the total impact for global warming. Careful, proactive, and strategic treatment, geolocation, and transport planning is recommended for the involved stakeholders and decision makers in order to ensure minimal sustainability implications during the implementation of CE approaches for C&Dw.

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Bernstein, D. M., R. A. Rogers, R. Sepulveda, K. Donaldson, D. Schuler, S. Gaering, P. Kunzendorf, J. Chevalier, and S. E. Holm. "Quantification of the pathological response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile in combination with fine particles compared to amosite-asbestos following short-term inhalation exposure." Inhalation Toxicology 23, no. 7 (June 2011): 372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2011.575413.

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Bernstein, David M., Balazs Toth, Rick A. Rogers, Peter Kunzendorf, James I. Phillips, and Dirk Schaudien. "Final results from a 90-day quantitative inhalation toxicology study evaluating the dose-response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile-containing brake dust compared to TiO2, chrysotile, crocidolite or amosite asbestos: Histopathological examination, confocal microscopy and collagen quantification of the lung and pleural cavity." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 424 (August 2021): 115598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2021.115598.

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Bernstein, D. M., B. Toth, R. A. Rogers, D. E. Kling, P. Kunzendorf, J. I. Phillips, and H. Ernst. "Evaluation of the dose-response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile-containing brake dust compared to TiO2, chrysotile, crocidolite or amosite asbestos in a 90-day quantitative inhalation toxicology study – Interim results Part 2: Histopathological examination, Confocal microscopy and collagen quantification of the lung and pleural cavity." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 387 (January 2020): 114847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2019.114847.

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Gamsu, G., C. J. Salmon, M. L. Warnock, and P. D. Blanc. "CT quantification of interstitial fibrosis in patients with asbestosis: a comparison of two methods." American Journal of Roentgenology 164, no. 1 (January 1995): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.164.1.7998570.

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Boulanger, Guillaume, Pascal Andujar, Jean-Claude Pairon, Marie-Annick Billon-Galland, Chantal Dion, Pascal Dumortier, Patrick Brochard, et al. "Quantification of short and long asbestos fibers to assess asbestos exposure: a review of fiber size toxicity." Environmental Health 13, no. 1 (July 21, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069x-13-59.

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Faversani, Alice, Chiara Favero, Laura Dioni, Angela Cecilia Pesatori, Valentina Bollati, Matteo Montoli, Valeria Musso, et al. "An EBC/Plasma miRNA Signature Discriminates Lung Adenocarcinomas From Pleural Mesothelioma and Healthy Controls." Frontiers in Oncology 11 (June 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.643280.

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BackgroundDespite significant improvement in screening programs for cancers of the respiratory district, especially in at-risk subjects, early disease detection is still a major issue. In this scenario, new molecular and non-invasive biomarkers are needed to improve early disease diagnosis.MethodsWe profiled the miRNome in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and plasma samples from fourteen patients affected by lung AdCa, nine healthy subjects. miRNA signatures were then analyzed in another neoplasia of the respiratory district, i.e. pleural mesothelioma (n = 23) and subjects previously exposed to asbestos were used as controls for this cohort (n = 19). Selected miRNAs were analyzed in purified pulmonary neoplastic or normal epithelial and stromal cell subpopulation from AdCa patients. Finally, the plasmatic miRNA signature was analyzed in a publicly available cohort of NSCLC patients for data validation and in silico analysis was performed with predicted miRNA targets using the multiMiR tool and STRING database.ResultsmiR-597-5p and miR-1260a are significantly over-expressed in EBC from lung AdCa and are associated with AdCa. Similarly, miR-1260a is also up-regulated in the plasma of AdCa patients together with miR-518f-3p and correlates with presence of lung cancer, whereas let-7f-5p is under-expressed. Analysis of these circulating miRNAs in pleural mesothelioma cases confirmed that up-regulation of miR-518f-3p, -597-5p and -1260a, is specific for lung AdCa. Lastly, quantification of the miRNAs in laser-assisted microdissected lung tissues revealed that miR-518f-3p, 597-5p and miR-1260a are predominantly expressed in tumor epithelial cells. Validation analysis confirmed miR-518f-3p as a possible circulating biomarker of NSCLC. In silico analysis of the potentially modulated biological processes by these three miRNAs, shows that tumor bioenergetics are the most affected pathways.ConclusionsOverall, our data suggest a 3-miRNAs signature as a non-invasive and accurate biomarker of lung AdCa. This approach could supplement the current screening approaches for early lung cancer diagnosis.

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Giusti, M., F. Battisti, L. Kundisova, N. Persiani, and E. Chellini. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) Care Pathway and its cost analysis." European Journal of Public Health 29, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.040.

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Abstract MPM is one of the most serious professional cancer with a high frequency in subjects previously exposed to asbestos. Several trials have been made or are ongoing to define an effective therapy to allow a longer survival and to reduce its burdensome management by the health systems. The few MPM Care Pathways (CP), which have been suggested by groups of experts of scientific community, are only a list of practicable interventions without the structure of a pathway so the aims of this paper are the declination of possible cases of a MPM CP and the quantification of the costs using a regional consensus CP, verifying its application. The diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of the regional CP were defined starting to a sample of 34 patients treated in public regional hospitals for MPM, diagnosed in 2015, and having.at least a one year follow up. The costs were attributed using the regional price list for outpatient health activities and the DRG for hospitalized activities. The formed cost accounting model was applied in order to calculate the cost for the public regional administration. Last, the obtained results were discussed with surgical thoracic surgeons of the three regional university hospitals. The developed cost accounting model has identified three cases of a MPM CP. They present a common diagnostic phase (7.246,90€) following by three possible treatments, differently combinable between them: surgery (10.808,00€), chemotherapy (164,00€ + drug cost for access) and observation (41,00€). The cost will be due to the specific combination of the three treatments plus the diagnostic phase, predictable according to patient’s age and staging, which can afford each patient affected by MPM. The contribution of the cost accounting model applied to the consensus regional CP for MPM allows to assess the care’s appropriateness of the cases actually treated. It could be used also for CPs of other diseases and as a method for institutional financing of the route. Key messages Relevance of a shared Care Pathway realisation for a rare, highly letal and complex professional disease. An accurate and scientific costs analysis model to a C is an innovation.

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