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1
Najimi, Mohsen, Manuel L. Lemos, and Carlos R. Osorio. "Identification of Siderophore Biosynthesis Genes Essential for Growth of Aeromonas salmonicida under Iron Limitation Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 8 (February 22, 2008): 2341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02728-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiological agent of furunculosis in fish, produces a catechol-type siderophore under iron-limiting conditions. In this study, the Fur titration assay (FURTA) was used to identify a cluster of six genes, asbG, asbF, asbD, asbC, asbB, and asbI, encoding proteins similar to components of the siderophore biosynthetic machinery in other bacteria. Reverse transcriptase PCR analyses showed that this cluster consists of four iron-regulated transcriptional units. Mutants with deletions in either asbD (encoding a multidomain nonribosomal peptide synthetase), asbG (encoding a histidine decarboxylase), or asbC (encoding a predicted histamine monooxygenase) did not grow under iron-limiting conditions and did not produce siderophores. Growth of the ΔasbG strain under iron starvation conditions was restored by addition of histamine, suggesting that the siderophore in this species could contain a histamine-derived moiety. None of the mutants could grow in the presence of transferrin, indicating that A. salmonicida uses the catechol-type siderophore for removal of iron from transferrin rather than relying on a receptor for this iron-binding protein. All 18 A. salmonicida strains analyzed by DNA probe hybridization were positive in tests for the presence of the asbD gene, and all of them promoted the growth of asbD, asbG, and asbC mutants, suggesting that this siderophore-mediated iron uptake system is conserved among A. salmonicida isolates. This study provides the first description of siderophore biosynthesis genes in this fish pathogen, and the results demonstrate that the asbD, asbG, and asbC genes are necessary for the production of a catecholate siderophore that is essential for the growth of A. salmonicida under iron limitation conditions.
2
De Luise, Cynthia, Daniel C. Beachler, Ruihua Yin, Jamileh Jemison, Philip T. Cochetti, Kelsey Gangemi, and Stephan Lanes. "Identifying patients according to breast cancer stage and ER/HER2 receptor status using claims data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e13096-e13096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e13096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e13096 Background: Safety analyses of targeted oncology therapies often require cancer stage and receptor status. Automated claims databases offer the largest populations to study rare outcomes, but lack these characteristics. We conducted a validation study of claims data using predictive models to identify two cohorts of women with early-stage and advanced-stage ER+/HER2- breast cancer (ESBC and ASBC, respectively). Methods: Retrospective cohort and validation study using electronic data linkage of a nationwide claims database (HealthCore Integrated Research Database – HIRD) and Anthem’s Cancer Care Quality program (CCQP). The CCQP served as a validation sample. We used claims data to develop two predictive models to estimate breast cancer stage and receptor status. We applied these models to the HIRD to identify ER+/HER2- ESBC and ASBC cohorts. In each cohort we assessed adverse event (AE) rates. Results:: In addition to breast cancer diagnoses, predictive models for ER+/HER2- ESBC and ASBC included 21 and 15 factors, respectively (Table).When compared to an a priori ASBC algorithm developed from clinical experience, the claims-based predictive model for ASBC had better PPV (0.78 v. 0.62) with similar sensitivity (0.39 v. 0.38). For the ASBC cohort, selected AE rates per 100 person-years included: anemia, 26.4; neutropenia, 14.3; pulmonary embolism, 5.7; and leukopenia, 4.0. Conclusions: Identification ofcancer stage and biomarkers using claims data can be improved through predictive modeling. ER+/HER2- ESBC and ASBC cohorts are being utilized for characterizing indications and conducting safety evaluations of targeted therapies. [Table: see text]
3
Gales, Peter W., and Mark Schwiesow. "Automated Beer Analyzer Method for Determination of Alcohol Content and Original Gravity of Beer: Summary of Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 4 (July 1, 1993): 918–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.4.918.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Two collaborative studies were conducted by the American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) to evaluate use of an automatic beer analyzer for determination of alcohol content and original gravity of beer. Repeatability and reproducibility values obtained in the first study were satisfactory. The second study compared the automated method with the ASBC distillation method. Results by the 2 methods were similar; however, repeatability and reproducibility were better for the automated method. The automated method was adopted first action by AOAC International as an ASBC–AOAC method.
4
Su, Long, Haibo Zhang, Kokyo Oh, Na Liu, Yuan Luo, Hongyan Cheng, Guosheng Zhang, and Xiaofang He. "Activated biochar derived from spent Auricularia auricula substrate for the efficient adsorption of cationic azo dyes from single and binary adsorptive systems." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this study, spent Auricularia auricula substrate (AS)-derived biochar (ASBCs) and activated biochar with NaOH (A-ASBC) were evaluated for the adsorption of cationic azo dyes, including methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), and crystal violet (CV), from single and binary adsorptive systems. A-ASBC showed a higher maximum adsorption capacity for these dyes (MB: 53.62 mg·g−1, RB: 32.33 mg·g−1, CV: 735.73 mg·g−1) than ASBCs in a single system because it had a greater specific surface area and more oxygen containing-functional groups on the surface. The adsorption process of the three dyes onto the adsorbents was in good agreement with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which revealed sorbate polymolecular layer formation over the adsorbent surface and the involvement of chemisorption. The adsorption mechanism showed that the adsorption of three dyes on adsorbents could be postulated as a multistep process with extraordinary affinity-induced adsorption in terms of both physisorption and chemisorption. In the binary adsorptive system, the results showed that all MB, RB, and CV had antagonistic/competitive effects on each other's adsorption (QBinary/QSingle < 1). Furthermore, a phytotoxic assay affirmed the effectiveness of the adsorbent in adsorbing dye species from aqueous solutions using Brassica pekinensis L. seeds as the model. Therefore, activated biochar prepared from AS can be used as a potentially economical and effective adsorbent for treating printing and dyeing wastewater.
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Shu, Yaorong, Bin Ji, Baihui Cui, Yuting Shi, Jian Wang, Mian Hu, Siyi Luo, and Dabin Guo. "Almond Shell-Derived, Biochar-Supported, Nano-Zero-Valent Iron Composite for Aqueous Hexavalent Chromium Removal: Performance and Mechanisms." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nano-zero-valent iron biochar derived from almond shell (nZVI-ASBC) was used for hexavalent chromium (CR) removal. Experiments showed that pH was the main factor (p < 0.01) that affected the experimental results. At a dosage of 10 mg·L−1 and pH of 2–6, in the first 60 min, nZVI-ASBC exhibited a removal efficiency of 99.8%, which was approximately 20% higher than the removal yield at pH 7–11. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated N-H was the main functional group that influenced the chemisorption process. The pseudo second-order dynamics and Langmuir isotherm models proved to be the most suitable. Thermodynamic studies showed that the reaction was exothermic and spontaneous at low temperatures (T < 317 K). Various interaction mechanisms, including adsorption and reduction, were adopted for the removal of Cr(VI) using the nZVI-ASBC composite. The findings showed that the BC-modified nZVI prepared with almond shell exerts a good effect and could be used for the removal of Cr(VI).
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Logan, Gemma, Nicolas Rapin, Bo T. Porse, Melanie J. Percy, and Ken I. Mills. "Arrested Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with Silenced Ankyrin Repeat and SOCS Box Protein 3 (ASB3) Expression." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1232.1232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Abstract 1232 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy of the myeloid lineage characterized by an accumulation of abnormal immature white blood cells as a result of arrested myeloid differentiation. In the clinical setting, promyelocytic leukemic cells can be induced to differentiate into mature granulocytes by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which acts by targeting oncogenic transcription factors. Expression profiling has previously identified ASB2, a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein family as an ATRA target gene. ASBs negatively regulate cytokine signaling by mediating the ubiquitination of a broad range of target proteins. Furthermore, ASB proteins may regulate hematopoietic differentiation as suggested by ASB2 mediated degradation of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) protein and HOX gene down-regulation. MLL fusion proteins, present in approximately 10% of AML cases, have been found to be resistant to ASB2 mediated degradation which may contribute to leukemogenesis. Given that ASB2 plays a role in modulating differentiation and is ATRA induced it is feasible that other family members behave similarly. To understand the role of ASB proteins in hematopoietic differentiation we examined the expression profiles of ASB genes during normal myeloid differentiation using cells isolated at each stage of differentiation towards the granulocyte lineage. Alongside this, both ATRA-induced and DMSO-induced differentiation in AML cell lines (HL-60 and NB4) was assessed. In addition, ASB expression was analysed in the MILE study, which encompasses expression profiling of 16 leukemic subtypes, an independent cohort of clinically phenotyped patient samples, and normal bone marrow. Candidate ASBs who exhibited significantly different expression were identified by bioinformatic analysis of the MILE study and patient samples. One candidate (ASB3) was selected for silencing by shRNA and the resultant phenotype was assessed by proliferation ability, apoptosis potential and differentiation capacity. Furthermore, ASB3 silencing was analysed by Affymetrix microarrays to identify potential targets of ASB3. ASBs were found to be differentially expressed throughout normal hematopoietic differentiation with the highest expression in immature cells. In particular, ASB3 exhibited a two-fold decrease (p<0.001) in expression as myeloid cells matured. Several ASBs showed differential expression between AML patient samples and normal bone marrow with ASB3 exhibiting aberrant over-expression in AML (p≤0.005). Furthermore, Kaplan Meier plots using the MILE dataset indicated AML patients with FAB AML M0-M2 possess lower ASB3 expression which was associated with reduced overall survival and a poorer prognosis (p<0.05). ATRA or DMSO induced differentiation of HL-60 and NB4 cells altered ASB3 expression ten-fold (p<0.001) suggesting that the association of ASB3 with differentiation is not ATRA specific. Silencing of ASB3 expression (70% ±10%) in HL-60 and NB4 cells resulted in decreased proliferation and a 17% ±6% increase in apoptosis (p<0.01). In addition, reduced ASB3 expression markedly inhibited ATRA-induced differentiation of HL-60 and NB4 cells and ASB3 expression levels remained at a low level. Microarray analysis identified 78 differentially expressed genes between control and ASB3 silencing (p<0.05) including key genes specifically involved in apoptosis and hematopoietic differentiation e.g. PBX1, RUNX2 and CD44 were up-regulated during ASB3 silencing while ZNRF1, HOXA7 and CSRP2 were down-regulated when ASB3 was silenced. As ASB3 is highly expressed in myeloid progenitors and loss of expression blocks ATRA-induced differentiation it is possible ASB3 may play a role in myeloid differentiation. Little is known about the function of ASB3 although it has been suggested that it is a negative regulator of tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNF-R2). Our study, and others, would suggest that it may have a role in the regulation of transcription factors important for differentiation e.g. HOX genes, as with ASB2. Furthermore, poor prognosis AML exhibited lower ASB3 expression predominantly in the most immature AML subtypes which suggests that without ASB3 the AML cells are unable to differentiate. Additional studies are required to develop our understanding of the function of ASB3 in myeloid differentiation and its contribution to leukemogenesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
7
Šavel, Jan, Petr Košin, Adam Brož, and Jakub Vlček. "Interpolation formulas for Balling´'s alcohol factors." KVASNY PRUMYSL 66, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2019.66.239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the interpolation of the Balling alcohol factors, given at isolated points in 1% (m/m) increments ranging from 1 to 30% in the Hrach table published in 1927. Interpolation was necessery for the calculation of real (RDF) or apparent (ADF) degree of attenuation, according to which optimal barley varieties were selected for beer production. Analytica EBC initially preferred ADF, although it also reported RDF, used by ASBC. According to ASBC, the Balling RDF is multiplied by a correction factor or calculated using a modified calculation formula. Both ways gave the same results and increased Balling RDF values by 1-2% m/m. Refractometry with a pocket digital refractometer set to °Bx allows beer analysis from a minimum sample volume.
8
Ezzell, Carol. "What's new at the ASBC." Nature 327, no. 6121 (June 1987): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/327442a0.
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Ehrlich, Kenneth C., Michelle Lacey, and Melanie Ehrlich. "Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle-Associated Genes in the ASB, LRRC, TMEM, and OSBPL Gene Families." Epigenomes 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4010001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Much remains to be discovered about the intersection of tissue-specific transcription control and the epigenetics of skeletal muscle (SkM), a very complex and dynamic organ. From four gene families, Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing (LRRC), Oxysterol Binding Protein Like (OSBPL), Ankyrin Repeat and Socs Box (ASB), and Transmembrane Protein (TMEM), we chose 21 genes that are preferentially expressed in human SkM relative to 52 other tissue types and analyzed relationships between their tissue-specific epigenetics and expression. We also compared their genetics, proteomics, and descriptions in the literature. For this study, we identified genes with little or no previous descriptions of SkM functionality (ASB4, ASB8, ASB10, ASB12, ASB16, LRRC14B, LRRC20, LRRC30, TMEM52, TMEM233, OSBPL6/ORP6, and OSBPL11/ORP11) and included genes whose SkM functions had been previously addressed (ASB2, ASB5, ASB11, ASB15, LRRC2, LRRC38, LRRC39, TMEM38A/TRIC-A, and TMEM38B/TRIC-B). Some of these genes have associations with SkM or heart disease, cancer, bone disease, or other diseases. Among the transcription-related SkM epigenetic features that we identified were: super-enhancers, promoter DNA hypomethylation, lengthening of constitutive low-methylated promoter regions, and SkM-related enhancers for one gene embedded in a neighboring gene (e.g., ASB8-PFKM, LRRC39-DBT, and LRRC14B-PLEKHG4B gene-pairs). In addition, highly or lowly co-expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes probably regulate several of these genes. Our findings give insights into tissue-specific epigenetic patterns and functionality of related genes in a gene family and can elucidate normal and disease-related regulation of gene expression in SkM.
10
SALOMÃO, Gledson Renan, Renan Mastelari dos SANTOS, Carlos NASCIMENTO, and Danilo Agostini MACHADO. "OTIMIZAÇÃO DE AQUECEDOR SOLAR DE BAIXO CUSTO (ASBC)." REVISTA FUNEC CIENTÍFICA - MULTIDISCIPLINAR - ISSN 2318-5287 3, no. 5 (August 25, 2015): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24980/rfcm.v3i5.1589.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabalho teve como propósito avaliar um aquecedor solar de baixo custo para que pudesse servir como método alternativo na obtenção de água quente nas torneiras e chuveiros das residências e ainda reduzir custos com energia elétrica. Diferente do aquecedor convencional de cobre e vidro, o aquecedor solar de baixo custo tem seu sistema basicamente inteiro de PVC o que o torna financeiramente mais viável e sua instalação muito mais econômica, chegando a ser até 5 vezes mais barata. Contudo, durante 1 (um) ano observou-se o comportamento deste e de vários coletores quanto à eficiência de absorção solar e geração de água quente para a Região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. De início, com base em estudos anteriores, foi desenvolvido um protótipo e coletada diversas medidas da temperatura da água. Assim pode-se deduzir um máximo rendimento para o material, PVC, já que em elevada temperatura poderia levá-lo a uma possível deformação, e, até não aquecer a água na temperatura adequada caso houvesse pouca absorção de radiação solar. Os dados coletados serviram para dimensionar o sistema coletor/reservatório, e assim foram coletados valores de inclinação, temperatura e armazenamento de água aproximados do rendimento máximo. Após os dimensionamentos e a coleta de novos dados, constatou-se um ótimo rendimento do sistema, que alcançou ganho médio de 14°C, com coletor operando com inclinação de 30°, concluindo sua viabilidade na região devido à alta incidência de radiação solar.
11
Bhaskar, Rahul, and Yi “Jenny” Zhang. "Understanding Health Insurance Needs for Small Businesses in the U.S. to Formulate the Information Technology Strategy." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 14, no. 4 (October 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2012100101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The majority of the workers are employees of a small business in the USA. A large percentage of these employees get healthcare insurance from their employers. However, there is a discrepancy between the employees and employers when it comes to health insurance preferences. This case presents a case study of a survey conducted by a health insurance company to formulate an information technology strategy. In the light of new health care reforms, the ASBC Company is planning to use the results of this survey to formulate an information technology strategy.
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Smet, A., B. Flahou, K. D’Herde, P. Vandamme, I. Cleenwerck, R. Ducatelle, F. Pasmans, and F. Haesebrouck. "Helicobacter heilmannii sp. nov., isolated from feline gastric mucosa." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.029207-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria, strains ASB1T, ASB2 and ASB3, with a corkscrew-like morphology isolated from the gastric mucosa of cats were studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolates grew on biphasic culture plates under microaerobic conditions at 37 °C and exhibited urease, oxidase and catalase activities. They were also able to grow in colonies on dry agar plates. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, ASB1T, ASB2 and ASB3 were identified as members of the genus Helicobacter and showed 98 to 99 % sequence similarity to strains of Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter bizzozeronii, ‘Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii’, Helicobacter cynogastricus, Helicobacter baculiformis and Helicobacter salomonis, six related Helicobacter species previously detected in feline or canine gastric mucosa. Sequencing of the partial hsp60 gene demonstrated that ASB1T, ASB2 and ASB3 constitute a separate taxon among the feline and canine Helicobacter species. The urease gene sequences of ASB1T, ASB2 and ASB3 showed approximately 91 % similarity to those of ‘Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii’. Protein profiling, the absence of alkaline phosphatase activity and several other biochemical characteristics also allowed strains ASB1T, ASB2 and ASB3 to be differentiated from other Helicobacter species of feline or canine gastric origin. The results of this polyphasic taxonomic study show that the cultured isolates constitute a new taxon corresponding to ‘Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii’, which was previously demonstrated in the stomach of humans, wild felidae, cats and dogs. The name Helicobacter heilmannii sp. nov. is proposed for these isolates; the type strain is ASB1T ( = DSM 23983T = LMG 26292T).
13
Douglass, M. "Lateral Flow Assay for Deoxynivalenol in Barley: An ASBC Collaborative Subcommittee Report." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 77, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610470.2018.1562148.
Повний текст джерела
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González-Sánchez, A., and S. Revah. "Biological sulfide removal under alkaline and aerobic conditions in a packed recycling reactor." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 7 (April 1, 2009): 1415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The biological sulfide removal from wastewater caustic streams can be achieved without significant dilution by alkaliphilic microorganisms which usually show lower growth and oxidation rates as compared with acidic and neutral bacteria. To improve volumetric removal rates under alkaline condition (pH 10), an Alkaliphilic Sulfide-oxidizing Bacteria Consortium (ASBC) was studied in a Packed Recycling Reactor (PRR). A commercial Nylon fiber resulted to be a convenient packing support for biofilm development as it has high specific area and similar hydrophobic propertie. The PRR reached a maximum sulfide oxidation rate of 100 mmol L−1 d−1 with efficiency close to 100%, representing an enhancement of 56% from the maximum sulfide oxidation rate reached for a free cell continuous culture. Higher sulfide loading rates induced oxygen limiting conditions reducing the biological activity despite the considerable biofilm attached on the nylon fiber.
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Wagner, H. P., and J. J. McGarrity. "ASBC Collaborative Study on Aluminum in Beer by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 49, no. 4 (September 1991): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-49-0151.
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Peña-Yam, Laura P., Liliana S. Muñoz-Ramírez, Susana A. Avilés-Viñas, Adriana Canto-Flick, Jacobo Pérez-Pastrana, Adolfo Guzmán-Antonio, Nancy Santana-Buzzy, Erick A. Aguilera-Cauich, and Javier O. Mijangos-Cortés. "Analysis of Genetic Parameters of Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in the Yucatan, Mexico." HortScience 54, no. 3 (March 2019): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13710-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The variability and genetic parameters of seven agronomic characteristics were estimated for 11 genotypes, and high values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) of capsaicin content (CC) were obtained. Heritability (h2) was high for yield per plant (YP; 0.98) and CC (0.93). The principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components explained 94.02% of the total variation; therefore, genotypes with higher YP values and fruit weight (FW) (AKN-08, ASBC-09) were placed in quadrant I. Those with greater CC and lowest YP and FW (MBI-11, RES-05) were placed in quadrant II. The greatest fruit length (RNJ-04) was placed in quadrant III. Those with the greatest number of fruits per plant (NBA-06, RKI-01, RHC-02, RHN-03, NKA-07, and MSB-12) were placed in quadrant IV. The results showed that the genotypes studied comprise an excellent source of genetic material for Habanero pepper improvement programs.
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Gales, Peter W. "Net Contents of Packaged Beer: Summary of Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 4 (July 1, 1989): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.4.687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The net contents of packaged food and beverage products is a matter of regulatory concern. In the case of alcoholic beverages, net contents are regulated by various federal, state, and local agencies. With such a variety of controlling agencies, standardized and uniform methods are essential to avoid undue confusion. Collaborative studies were initiated within the American Society of Brewing Chemists in 1985 to determine the most appropriate methods for the determination of net contents of packaged beer. The work was completed in 1987. After collaborative testing of 5 methods over the 2-year period (ASBC JOURNAL (1987) 45, 114-117), 3 of the methods were found suitable: (1) total contents of cans of known tare weight; (2) total contents of bottles and cans by calculation from measured net weight; (J) deliverable contents of bottles and cans from measured net weight. These methods, which are recommended for adoption by AOAC, have been approved interim official first action.
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Fierro, Catriel, María Cristina Di Doménico, and Hugo Alberto Klappenbach. "Análisis sociobibliométrico comparativo de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (1996-2017)." Universitas Psychologica 18, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-2.asbc.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Con el objetivo de ofrecer datos públicos y empíricos desde una perspectiva sociobibliométrica sobre la formación ofrecida por la Licenciatura en Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), se realizó un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la bibliografía de las 22 asignaturas obligatorias de los ciclos básico y profesional (N = 2 572), de acuerdo a 12 indicadores sociobibliométricos, comparándose los resultados con estudios de décadas anteriores. Los hallazgos indican una predominancia hegemónica y casi excluyente de textos y autores psicoanalíticos, un decrecimiento de otras orientaciones teóricas, de textos publicados en los últimos años y de papers de revistas con referato, un aumento de autores diplomados en Psicología y una obsolescencia media de la literatura de más de 35 años. Se concluye sobre las implicancias legales y socioinstitucionales de tal situación.
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Santos, Fabio Calixto Dos, Marcio Dos Santos, Ricardo Dagnoni Huezsmann, Duan Ceola, Edmar Martendal Dias De Souza, Cezario Ferreira Dos Santos Junior, Altamir Frederico Guidolin, and Jefferson Luís Meirelles Coimbra. "Phenotypic Variability in the Induction of Alpha Acids in Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 6 (May 15, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n6p198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is a key ingredient in beer, with great significance for the Brazilian industry. The economically viable production of hops in Brazil depends on the genetic variability available to be used in the selection and development of high-as performance photo-neutral cultivars and their interaction with the environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the phenotypic variability of alpha-effective character in relation to the environmental variation in different Brazilian regions. Alpha-acids tests were performed through the American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC-HOPS 6. B-Conductometric titration methodology). Phenotypic variation assessment showed that 30% of the variation occurred among clones, while 47% was attributed to the environmental components of cultivation. The repeatability coefficient (t) was below 0.25, demonstrating that interaction between genotype and environment inflicted on alpha-acid levels. Results showed variability in the alpha-acid contents depending on the hops growing regions. According to the results, clones 9 (8.22%), 26 (12.95%) and 27 (9.94%) added the highest levels of alpha-acids. Therefore, there is variability available for the genetic improvement of the culture in Brazil and its effects must be evaluated in each microclimate of cultivation.
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Reid, Struan J., Maria Josey, Andrew J. MacIntosh, Dawn L. Maskell, and R. Alex Speers. "Predicting Fermentation Rates in Ale, Lager and Whisky." Fermentation 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7010013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently there has been an increased interest in characterising the rates of alcoholic fermentations. Sigmoidal models have been used to predict changes such as the rate of density decline. In this study, three published sigmoidal models were assessed and fit to industrial fermentation data. The first is the four-parameter logistic model described in the ASBC Yeast-14 method. The second model is a nested form of the four-parameter logistic function, adding an extra parameter, creating the 5-parameter logistic equation., where an additional parameter was added to allow for asymmetry. The final model is a three-parameter logistic equation which describes the change in the Apparent Degree of Fermentation with time. The three models were compared by fitting them to industrial data from Australian and Canadian lagers, American and Scottish ales and Scotch Whisky fermentations. The model fits were then compared to one another with a technique developed by Akaike and a nested F-test. The Akaike information criterion compares the models and accounts for both the goodness of fit, and the number of parameters in the model. Finally, consideration was given to the establishment of prediction bands (that enclose the area that one can be 99% sure contains the true datapoints). Calculation of these bands was “challenging” but successful as the industrial fermentation data was heteroscedastic.
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Duke, Stanley H., Cynthia A. Henson, and Marcus A. Vinje. "Comparisons of Barley Malt Amylolytic Enzyme Thermostabilities to Wort Osmolyte Concentrations, Malt Extract, ASBC Measures of Malt Quality, and Initial Enzyme Activities." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 72, no. 4 (September 2014): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-2014-1027-01.
Повний текст джерела
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Rybka, A., J. Melč, P. Heřmánek, and I. Honzík. "Effect of Storage Duration and Atmosphere on the Content and Price of Hop Alpha Bitter Acids." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 48, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2017-0032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The quality of hops is significantly affected by the content of alpha bitter acids. Maintaining it with minimum losses lies within the competence of both the hop grower and processor depending on how they follow the optimum harvest technology, storage conditions, and post-harvest hop processing. That indicator is considerably affected by the hop storage method, i.e. whether the warehouse is air-conditioned or not, as well as the storage duration. The alpha bitter acid content should not be reduced during storage. The objective of this paper is an analysis of the alpha bitter acid content in the Saaz hop variety in a technological sequence of operations starting with drying at the grower and finishing with six-month storing at the processor, with three storage variants: an air-conditioned warehouse, non-conditioned warehouse, and a variant in which the square bale is moved after 60 days from a non-conditioned warehouse into an air-conditioned warehouse. The analysis of samples to identify the alpha bitter acid content was carried out by means of the ASBC Hops-6 and the HPLC EBC 7.7 methods. Practically in all cases the alpha content declines, although if a square bale is placed in an air-conditioned warehouse this decline is the lowest depending on the storage duration. The economic analysis shows a significant profit referring to the price of alpha contained in 1 t of hops stored in an air-conditioned warehouse. At the date of 1/11/2015 this profit was 14 706 CZK, at the date of 4/1/2016 it was 7646 CZK, and at 1/3/2016 the profit was 6587 CZK.
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Goodisman, Jerry. "Hard/soft-acid/base principle and the reaction AhBs+AsBh→AhBh+AsBs." Journal of Chemical Physics 127, no. 6 (August 14, 2007): 066101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2761885.
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Muthusamy, Saminathan, Pooja Malhotra, Mobashir Hosameddin, Amish K. Dudeja, Sujata Borthakur, Seema Saksena, Ravinder K. Gill, Pradeep K. Dudeja, and Waddah A. Alrefai. "N-glycosylation is essential for ileal ASBT function and protection against proteases." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 308, no. 12 (June 15, 2015): C964—C971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00023.2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The bile acid transporter ASBT is a glycoprotein responsible for active absorption of bile acids. Inhibiting ASBT function and bile acid absorption is an attractive approach to lower plasma cholesterol and improve glucose imbalance in diabetic patients. Deglycosylation of ASBT was shown to decrease its function. However, the exact roles of N-glycosylation of ASBT, and how it affects its function, is not known. Current studies investigated the roles of N-glycosylation in ASBT protein stability and protection against proteases utilizing HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein. ASBT-V5 protein was detected as two bands with molecular mass of ∼41 and ∼35 kDa. Inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin significantly decreased ASBT activity and shifted ASBT bands to ∼30 kDa, representing a deglycosylated protein. Treatment of total cellular lysates with PNGase F or Endo H glycosidases showed that the upper 41-kDa band represents a fully mature N-acetylglucosamine-rich glycoprotein and the lower 35-kDa band represents a mannose-rich core glycoprotein. Studies with the glycosylation deficient ASBT mutant (N10Q) showed that the N-glycosylation is not essential for ASBT targeting to plasma membrane. However, mature glycosylation significantly increased the half-life and protected ASBT protein from digestion with trypsin. Incubating the cells with high glucose (25 mM) for 48 h increased mature glycosylated ASBT along with an increase in its function. These results unravel novel roles for N-glycosylation of ASBT and suggest that high levels of glucose alter the composition of the glycan and may contribute to the increase in ASBT function in diabetes mellitus.
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Ticho, Alexander L., Pooja Malhotra, Christopher R. Manzella, Pradeep K. Dudeja, Seema Saksena, Ravinder K. Gill, and Waddah A. Alrefai. "S-acylation modulates the function of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in human cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 14 (February 18, 2020): 4488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is crucial for the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. ASBT function is rapidly regulated by several posttranslational modifications. One reversible posttranslational modification is S-acylation, involving the covalent attachment of fatty acids to cysteine residues in proteins. However, whether S-acylation affects ASBT function and membrane expression has not been determined. Using the acyl resin-assisted capture method, we found that the majority of ASBT (∼80%) was S-acylated in ileal brush border membrane vesicles from human organ donors, as well as in HEK293 cells stably transfected with ASBT (2BT cells). Metabolic labeling with alkyne–palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) also showed that ASBT is S-acylated in 2BT cells. Incubation with the acyltransferase inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (25 μm for 15 h) significantly reduced ASBT S-acylation, function, and levels on the plasma membrane. Treatment of 2BT cells with saturated palmitic acid (100 μm for 15 h) increased ASBT function, whereas treatment with unsaturated oleic acid significantly reduced ASBT function. Metabolic labeling with alkyne–oleic acid (100 μm for 15 h) revealed that oleic acid attaches to ASBT, suggesting that unsaturated fatty acids may decrease ASBT's function via a direct covalent interaction with ASBT. We also identified Cys-314 as a potential S-acylation site. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that S-acylation is involved in the modulation of ASBT function. These findings underscore the potential for unsaturated fatty acids to reduce ASBT function, which may be useful in disorders in which bile acid toxicity is implicated.
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Annaba, Fadi, Zaheer Sarwar, Pradeep Kumar, Seema Saksena, Jerrold R. Turner, Pradeep K. Dudeja, Ravinder K. Gill, and Waddah A. Alrefai. "Modulation of ileal bile acid transporter (ASBT) activity by depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol: association with lipid rafts." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 294, no. 2 (February 2008): G489—G497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00237.2007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) represents a highly efficient conservation mechanism of bile acids via mediation of their active transport across the luminal membrane of terminal ileum. To gain insight into the cellular regulation of ASBT, we investigated the association of ASBT with cholesterol and sphingolipid-enriched specialized plasma membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts and examined the role of membrane cholesterol in maintaining ASBT function. Human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells stably transfected with human ASBT, human ileal brush-border membrane vesicles, and human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were utilized for these studies. Floatation experiments on Optiprep density gradients demonstrated the association of ASBT protein with lipid rafts. Disruption of lipid rafts by depletion of membrane cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) significantly reduced the association of ASBT with lipid rafts, which was paralleled by a decrease in ASBT activity in Caco-2 and HEK-293 cells treated with MβCD. The inhibition in ASBT activity by MβCD was blocked in the cells treated with MβCD-cholesterol complexes. Kinetic analysis revealed that MβCD treatment decreased the Vmax of the transporter, which was not associated with alteration in the plasma membrane expression of ASBT. Our study illustrates that cholesterol content of lipid rafts is essential for the optimal activity of ASBT and support the association of ASBT with lipid rafts. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which ASBT activity may be rapidly modulated by alterations in cholesterol content of plasma membrane and thus have important implications in processes related to maintenance of bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Halpern, Melissa D., Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp, Sarah K. Mount Patrick, Holly J. Dobrenen, Ludmila Khailova, Hernan Correa, and Bohuslav Dvorak. "Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter upregulation is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 3 (September 2010): G623—G631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00242.2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency of premature infants. Previously, we showed that luminal bile acids (BAs) are increased and correlated with disease development and that the apical sodium-dependent BA transporter (ASBT), which transports BAs from the ileal lumen into enterocytes, is upregulated in rats with NEC. We hypothesized that intraenterocyte, rather than luminal, BAs are associated with NEC and that upregulation of ASBT may be a mechanism by which this occurs. Neonatal rats with or without the ASBT inhibitor SC-435, mice in which ASBT was knocked out, and mice that overproduce BAs were subjected to the NEC protocol. Disease development, ASBT, and the farnesoid X receptor protein, along with luminal and intraenterocyte BA levels, were assessed. In addition, ileal sections from premature infants with and without NEC were examined for ASBT via immunohistology and real-time PCR. When BAs were not transported into enterocytes (rats given SC-435 and ASBT knockout mice), severity and incidence of NEC were reduced. In contrast, in mice that overproduce BAs, ASBT was elevated, intraenterocyte BAs were increased, and disease development was increased. ASBT staining was more intense on the apical membrane of ileal enterocytes from premature infants with NEC than premature infants with non-NEC diagnoses. In addition, ASBT mRNA levels were significantly higher in infants with NEC. These data show that accumulation of intraenterocyte BAs contributes to disease development, elevated ASBT increases disease severity in experimental models of NEC, and ASBT is elevated in human NEC. These data confirm that BAs and upregulation of ASBT play a crucial role in NEC pathogenesis and suggest that inhibition of ASBT could be utilized as a therapeutic modality against this disease.
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Li, Hai, Frank Chen, Quan Shang, Luxing Pan, Benjamin L. Shneider, John Y. L. Chiang, Barry M. Forman, et al. "FXR-activating ligands inhibit rabbit ASBT expression via FXR-SHP-FTF cascade." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 288, no. 1 (January 2005): G60—G66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00170.2004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The regulation of the rabbit apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) was studied both in vivo and in vitro. New Zealand White rabbits were fed 0.5% deoxycholic acid (DCA) or SC-435, a competitive ASBT inhibitor, for 1 wk. In DCA-fed rabbits, ASBT expression was repressed, associated with activated FXR, and evidenced by increased ileal short heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA. Feeding SC-435 to the rabbits blocked bile acid absorption, decreased SHP mRNA, and increased ASBT expression. A 1.9-kb rabbit ASBT 5′-flanking region (promoter) was cloned, and a cis-acting element for α-fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF) was identified (−1166/ −1158). The effects of transcriptional factors and different bile acids on the rabbit ASBT promoter were studied in Caco-2 cells. FTF stimulated the rabbit ASBT promoter activity fourfold but not after the FTF binding site was deleted from the promoter. Increasing the SHP protein notably inhibited FTF-dependent trans-activation of rabbit ASBT. Adding hydrophobic bile acids deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and cholic acid, activating ligands for FXR, inhibited rabbit ASBT promoter activity in Caco-2 cells, but this inhibitory effect was abolished after the FTF binding site was deleted. Ursodeoxycholic acid and ursocholic acid, nonactivating ligands for FXR, did not repress ASBT promoter activity. Thus the rabbit ASBT promoter is negative-feedback regulated by bile acids via a functional FTF binding site. Only FXR-activating ligands can downregulate rabbit ASBT expression through the regulatory cascade FXR-SHP-FTF.
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Mohammedameen, Alaa. "Performance of Alkali-Activated Self-Compacting Concrete with Incorporation of Nanosilica and Metakaolin." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 6572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to analyze the influence of nano-silica (NS) and metakaolin (MK) as binder replacement materials on the fresh and hardened performance of alkali-activated self-compacting concretes (A-ASCC). Therefore, nine A-ASCC mixes with and without metakaolin were prepared, as well as mixes with and without NS inclusion. Slump flow, v-funnel, L-box, and T50 value tests were used to investigate the fresh properties of A-ASCC. While the hardened performance was examined using compressive strength, bonding strength (pullout test), fracture toughness and flexural tensile strength tests. A relationship analysis was also conducted on the A-ASCC experimental data. The experimental results showed that the addition of NS and MK had a negative influence on the fresh characteristics of fly ash-based A-ASCC mixtures, while the addition of metakaolin had a higher effect. The addition of 1% and 2% NS, on the other hand, significantly enhanced the mechanical performance of the A-ASCC specimens. The use of more than 2% of NS had a negative influence on the mechanical properties of A-ASCC. The mechanical properties of A-ASCC were improved significantly by metakaolin replacement ratios. The A-ASCC bond strength showed the highest improvement. Furthermore, using NS and/or MK significantly increased the A-ASCC setting time and may be used to produce A-ASCC at ambient environment.
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Annaba, Fadi, Pradeep Kumar, Amish K. Dudeja, Seema Saksena, Ravinder K. Gill, and Waddah A. Alrefai. "Green tea catechin EGCG inhibits ileal apical sodium bile acid transporter ASBT." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 298, no. 3 (March 2010): G467—G473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00360.2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Green tea catechins exhibit hypocholesterolemic effects probably via their inhibitory effects on intestinal bile acid absorption. Ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is responsible for reabsorption of bile acids. The present studies were, therefore, designed to investigate the modulation of ASBT function and membrane expression by green tea catechins in human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein and intestinal Caco-2 monolayers. Our data showed that ASBT activity was significantly decreased by (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) but not other green tea catechins. Inhibition of PKC, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and MAPK-dependent pathways failed to block the reduction in ASBT activity by EGCG. Kinetics studies showed a significant decrease in the Vmax of the transporter, whereas total ASBT content on the plasma membrane was unaltered by EGCG. Concomitant with the decrease in ASBT function, EGCG significantly reduced ASBT pool in the detergent-insoluble fraction, while increasing its presence in the detergent-soluble fraction of plasma membrane. Furthermore, EGCG decreased the association of ASBT with floating lipid raft fractions of cellular membrane on Optiprep density gradient. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a novel role of lipid rafts in the modulation of ASBT function by the dietary component EGCG, which may underlie the hypocholesterolemic effects of green tea.
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Wang, Jingya, Andrew G. Muntean, and Jay L. Hess. "ECSASB2 mediates MLL degradation during hematopoietic differentiation." Blood 119, no. 5 (February 2, 2012): 1151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-06-362079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) is a key epigenetic regulator of normal hematopoietic development and chromosomal translocations involving MLL are one of the most common genetic alterations in human leukemia. Here we show that ASB2, a component of the ECSASB E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, mediates MLL degradation through interaction with the PHD/Bromodomain region of MLL. Forced expression of ASB2 degrades MLL and reduces MLL transactivation activity. In contrast, the MLL-AF9 fusion protein does not interact with ASB2 and is resistant to ASB2 mediated degradation. Increased expression of ASB2 during hematopoietic differentiation is associated with decreased levels of MLL protein and down-regulation of MLL target genes. Knockdown of ASB2 leads to increased expression of HOXA9 and delayed cell differentiation. Our data support a model whereby ASB2 contributes to hematopoietic differentiation, in part, through MLL degradation and HOX gene down-regulation. Moreover, deletion of the PHD/Bromo region renders MLL fusion proteins resistant to ASB2-mediated degradation and may contribute to leukemogenesis.
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Heuzé, Mélina L., Isabelle Lamsoul, Massimiliano Baldassarre, Yatish Lad, Sophie Lévêque, Ziba Razinia, Christel Moog-Lutz, David A. Calderwood, and Pierre G. Lutz. "ASB2 targets filamins A and B to proteasomal degradation." Blood 112, no. 13 (December 15, 2008): 5130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-12-128744.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The ordered series of proliferation and differentiation from hematopoietic progenitor cells is disrupted in leukemia, resulting in arrest of differentiation at immature proliferative stages. Characterizing the molecular basis of hematopoietic differentiation is therefore important for understanding and treating disease. Retinoic acid induces expression of ankyrin repeat-containing protein with a suppressor of cytokine signaling box 2 (ASB2) in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, and ASB2 expression inhibits growth and promotes commitment, recapitulating an early step critical for differentiation. ASB2 is the specificity subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and is proposed to exert its effects by regulating the turnover of specific proteins; however, no ASB2 substrates had been identified. Here, we report that ASB2 targets the actin-binding proteins filamin A and B for proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of endogenous ASB2 in leukemia cells delays retinoic acid-induced differentiation and filamin degradation; conversely, ASB2 expression in leukemia cells induces filamin degradation. ASB2 expression inhibits cell spreading, and this effect is recapitulated by knocking down both filamin A and filamin B. Thus, we suggest that ASB2 may regulate hematopoietic cell differentiation by modulating cell spreading and actin remodeling through targeting of filamins for degradation.
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Alzeebaree, Radhwan. "Bond Strength and Fracture Toughness of Alkali Activated Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Metakaolin or Nanosilica." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 6798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116798.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to evaluate the effect of nanosilica (NS) and metakaolin (MK) as binder replacement materials on the fresh and hardened characteristics of slag (GGBS)-based alkali-activated self-compacting concretes (A-ASCC). Therefore, nine A-ASCC mixes, with and without metakaolin, were prepared, as well as mixes with and without NS incorporation. In the production of A-ASCC mixes, GGBS was used as a binder material. The fresh properties of A-ASCC were determined using the L-box, V-funnel, T50 value, and slump flow tests, while the hardened properties were examined using compressive strength, bonding strength (pullout test), fracture toughness, and flexural tensile strength tests. A relationship analysis was also conducted on the A-ASCC experimental data. The experimental results showed that NS and MK had a negative effect on the fresh properties of GGBS-based A-ASCC mixtures, whereas metakaolin had a greater influence. The addition of 1% and 2% NS, on the other hand, improved the mechanical performance of the A-ASCC specimens significantly. The use of more than 2% NS had a harmful effect on the mechanical properties of A-ASCC. A 5% replacement ratio of metakaolin improved the mechanical properties of A-ASCC. The use of metakaolin at ratios of more than 5% had a negative effect on the properties of A-ASCC.
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Annaba, Fadi, Zaheer Sarwar, Ravinder K. Gill, Amit Ghosh, Seema Saksena, Alip Borthakur, Gail A. Hecht, Pradeep K. Dudeja, and Waddah A. Alrefai. "Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli inhibits ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter ASBT." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 302, no. 10 (May 15, 2012): G1216—G1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is responsible for the absorption of bile acids from the intestine. A decrease in ASBT function and expression has been implicated in diarrhea associated with intestinal inflammation. Whether infection with pathogenic microorganisms such as the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) affect ASBT activity is not known. EPEC is a food-borne enteric pathogen that translocates bacterial effector molecules via type three secretion system (TTSS) into host cells and is a major cause of infantile diarrhea. We investigated the effects of EPEC infection on ileal ASBT function utilizing human intestinal Caco2 cells and HEK-293 cells stably transfected with ASBT-V5 fusion protein (2BT cells). ASBT activity was significantly inhibited following 60 min infection with EPEC but not with nonpathogenic E. coli . Mutations in bacterial escN, espA, espB, and espD, the genes encoding for the elements of bacterial TTSS, ablated EPEC inhibitory effect on ASBT function. Furthermore, mutation in the bacterial BFP gene encoding for bundle-forming pili abrogated the inhibition of ASBT by EPEC, indicating the essential role for bacterial aggregation and the early attachment. The inhibition by EPEC was associated with a significant decrease in the Vmaxof the transporter and a reduction in the level of ASBT on the plasma membrane. The inhibition of ASBT by EPEC was blocked in the presence of protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. Our studies provide novel evidence for the alterations in the activity of ASBT by EPEC infection and suggest a possible effect for EPEC in influencing intestinal bile acid homeostasis.
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Wijayanti, Ima, Avtar Singh, Soottawat Benjakul, and Pornsatit Sookchoo. "Textural, Sensory, and Chemical Characteristic of Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus sp.) Surimi Gel Fortified with Bio-Calcium from Bone of Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer)." Foods 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10050976.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) bio-calcium (ASBB) at different levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%) (w/w) on properties of threadfin bream (Nemipterus sp.) surimi gel were investigated. ASBB addition increased breaking force and deformation, while reduced expressible moisture content (p < 0.05) of surimi gel. L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) values were increased with augmenting ASBB levels; however, whiteness slightly decreased in surimi gel incorporated with ASBB (p < 0.05). Higher likeness scores were noticed in surimi gel containing ASBB, compared to that of the control. However, a slight decrease in the likeness score was noticed in surimi gel with 10% (w/w) ASBB (p < 0.05). Surimi gel added with 8% (w/w) ASBB possessed the increase in breaking force by 80% from the control and had the highest likeness score. Texture profile analysis of surimi gel added with ASBB showed the improved texture characteristics with coincidentally higher storage modulus of surimi paste. Surimi gel with 8% (w/w) ASBB had a denser and finer microstructure with higher ash, calcium, and phosphorous contents, compared to the control. Thus, incorporation of bio-calcium up to 8% (w/w) not only increased mineral content, but also improved textural, sensory, and microstructural properties of surimi gel.
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Ma, Li, Moritz Jüttner, Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick, and Jyrki J. Eloranta. "Regulation of the gene encoding the intestinal bile acid transporter ASBT by the caudal-type homeobox proteins CDX1 and CDX2." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 302, no. 1 (January 2012): G123—G133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00102.2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is expressed abundantly in the ileum and mediates bile acid absorption across the apical membranes. Caudal-type homeobox proteins CDX1 and CDX2 are transcription factors that regulate genes involved in intestinal epithelial differentiation and proliferation. Aberrant expression of both ASBT and CDXs in Barrett's esophagus (BE) prompted us to study, whether the expression of the ASBT gene is regulated by CDXs. Short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CDXs resulted in reduced ASBT mRNA expression in intestinal cells. CDXs strongly induced the activity of the ASBT promoter in reporter assays in esophageal and intestinal cells. Nine CDX binding sites were predicted in silico within the ASBT promoter, and binding of CDXs to six of them was verified in vitro and within living cells by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, respectively. RNAs were extracted from esophageal biopsies from 20 BE patients and analyzed by real-time PCR. Correlation with ASBT expression was found for CDX1, CDX2, and HNF-1α in BE biopsies. In conclusion, the human ASBT promoter is activated transcriptionally by CDX1 and CDX2. Our finding provides a possible explanation for the reported observation that ASBT is aberrantly expressed in esophageal metaplasia that also expresses CDX transcription factors.
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Ferguson, James E., Yaxu Wu, Kevin Smith, Peter Charles, Kyle Powers, Hong Wang, and Cam Patterson. "ASB4 Is a Hydroxylation Substrate of FIH and Promotes Vascular Differentiation via an Oxygen-Dependent Mechanism." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 18 (July 16, 2007): 6407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00511-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The molecular mechanisms of endothelial differentiation into a functional vascular network are incompletely understood. To identify novel factors in endothelial development, we used a microarray screen with differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells that identified the gene for ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 4 (ASB4) as the most highly differentially expressed gene in the vascular lineage during early differentiation. Like other SOCS box-containing proteins, ASB4 is the substrate recognition molecule of an elongin B/elongin C/cullin/Roc ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of substrate protein(s). High levels of ASB4 expression in the embryonic vasculature coincide with drastic increases in oxygen tension as placental blood flow is initiated. However, as vessels mature and oxygen levels stabilize, ASB4 expression is quickly downregulated, suggesting that ASB4 may function to modulate an endothelium-specific response to increasing oxygen tension. Consistent with the hypothesis that ASB4 function is regulated by oxygen concentration, ASB4 interacts with the factor inhibiting HIF1α (FIH) and is a substrate for FIH-mediated hydroxylation via an oxygen-dependent mechanism. Additionally, overexpression of ASB4 in ES cells promotes differentiation into the vascular lineage in an oxygen-dependent manner. We postulate that hydroxylation of ASB4 in normoxia promotes binding to and degradation of substrate protein(s) to modulate vascular differentiation.
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Wang, Hui Zhen, Xiu Rong Sun, Ping Yang, and Wei Min Mao. "Inspection of Adiabatic Shear Bands in High Manganese TRIP Steels." Materials Science Forum 753 (March 2013): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.753.72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) develop generally during high strain rates. This paper investigates the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect during ASBs formation at high strain rates in high manganese TRIP steels containing initial austenite and ferrite by EBSD technique. Results show that TRIP effect takes place mainly before the formation of ASBs. After ASBs formation, TRIP effect is strongly restricted by the size effect, the increase of stacking fault energy (SFE) and even inverse martensitic transformation due to the rise of temperature. The TRIP effect before ASBs formation contributes to the resistance of adiabatic shear failure. Dynamic recrystallization driven by subgrains rotation occurs within ASBs, and ultrafine grains often show strong shear textures with twin relationship owing to slip mechanism.
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Świątkiewicz, Iwona, Łukasz Bednarczyk, Michał Kasprzak, Ewa Laskowska, and Marek Woźnicki. "Effectiveness and Safety of Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Adults with Systemic Essential Hypertension." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 4 (February 13, 2022): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11040973.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concomitant systemic essential hypertension (HTN) in adults with a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) can unfavorably affect the hemodynamics and transcatheter ASD closure (ASDC) effects. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of ASDC in adults with HTN in real-world clinical practice. Right ventricular (RV) reverse remodeling (RVR) and the lack of a left-to-right interatrial residual shunt (NoRS) in echocardiography 24 h and 6 months (6 M) post-ASDC, and ASDC-related complications within 6 M were evaluated in 184 adults: 79 with HTN (HTN+) and 105 without HTN (HTN−). Compared to HTN−, HTN+ patients were older and had a greater RV size and the prevalence of atrial arrhythmias, chronic heart failure, nonobstructive coronary artery disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. ASDC was successful and resulted in RVR, NoRS, and a lack of ASDC-related complications in the majority of HTN+ patients both at 24 h and 6 M. HTN+ and HTN− did not differ in ASD size, a successful implantation rate (98.7% vs. 99%), RVR 24 h (46.8% vs. 46.7%) and 6 M (59.4% vs. 67.9%) post-ASDC, NoRS 24 h (79% vs. 81.5%) and 6 M (76.6% vs. 86.9%) post-ASDC, and the composite of RVR and NoRS at 6 M (43.8% vs. 57.1%). Most ASDC-related complications in HTN+ occurred within 24 h and were minor; however, major complications such as device embolization within 24 h and mitral regurgitation within 6 M were observed. No differences between HTN+ and HTN− were observed in the total (12.7% vs. 9.5%) and major (5.1% vs. 4.8%) complications. Transcatheter ASDC is effective and safe in adults with secundum ASD and concomitant HTN in real-world clinical practice; however, proper preprocedural management and regular long-term follow-up post-ASDC are required.
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Annaba, Fadi, Ke Ma, Pradeep Kumar, Amish K. Dudeja, Rhonda D. Kineman, Benjamin L. Shneider, Seema Saksena, Ravinder K. Gill, and Waddah A. Alrefai. "Ileal apical Na+-dependent bile acid transporter ASBT is upregulated in rats with diabetes mellitus induced by low doses of streptozotocin." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 4 (October 2010): G898—G906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00139.2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased intestinal bile acid absorption and expansion of the bile acid pool has been implicated in the hypercholesterolemia associated with diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular basis of the increase in bile acid absorption in diabetes mellitus is not fully understood. The ileal apical Na+-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is primarily responsible for active reabsorption of the majority of bile acids. Current studies were designed to investigate the modulation of ASBT function and expression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats and to examine the effect of insulin on rat ASBT promoter by insulin. Diabetes mellitus was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of low doses of STZ (20 mg/kg body wt) on five consecutive days. Human insulin (10 U/day) was given to a group of diabetic rats for 3 days before euthanasia. RNA and protein were extracted from mucosa isolated from the small intestine and ASBT expression was assessed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Our data showed that ASBT mRNA and protein expression were significantly elevated in diabetic rats. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats reversed the increase in ASBT protein expression to control levels. Consistently, ileal Na+-dependent [3H]taurocholic uptake in isolated intestinal epithelial cells was significantly increased in diabetic rats. In vitro studies utilizing intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells demonstrated that ASBT expression and promoter activity were significantly decreased by insulin. These studies demonstrated that insulin directly influences ASBT expression and promoter activity and that ASBT function and expression are increased in rats with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. The increase in ASBT expression may contribute to disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Christie, D. M., P. A. Dawson, S. Thevananther, and B. L. Shneider. "Comparative analysis of the ontogeny of a sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in rat kidney and ileum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 271, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): G377—G385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1996.271.2.g377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) has recently been cloned and characterized in the rat ileum. Northern and Western blotting revealed both the ASBT mRNA and protein in rat kidney. The coding sequence of the kidney transcript was found to be identical to the previously cloned ileal ASBT. Indirect immunofluorescence studies localized the ASBT protein to the apical membrane of the renal proximal convoluted tubule. Kinetic analysis of sodium-dependent taurocholate uptake using membrane vesicles revealed a similar Michaelis-Menten constant value for taurocholate in the kidney and intestine. ASBT protein and function were present in the kidney but not the ileum from 7-day-old rats. On postnatal day 7, there was a sevenfold increase in ASBT steady-state mRNA levels in the kidney relative to the ileum, yet nuclear run-on assays revealed that the nascent transcription rates at this age were virtually the same. This suggests that the difference in the neonatal expression of the ASBT gene in the kidney and ileum may be in part due to differences in mRNA stability.
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Duke, Stanley H., and Cynthia A. Henson. "Tracking the Progress of Congress Mashing with Osmolyte Concentration and Malt Extract Value in North American Barley Cultivars and Relationships between Wort Osmolyte Concentration, Malt Extract Value, and ASBC Measures of Malt Quality." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 69, no. 1 (January 2011): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-2010-1210-01.
Повний текст джерела
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Wu, Menq-Rong, and Jong-Kai Hsiao. "Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Acid Cotransporter, A Novel Transporter of Indocyanine Green, and Its Application in Drug Screening." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bile acid plays critical roles in the elimination of inorganic compounds such as bilirubin, heavy metals, and drug metabolites. Apical sodium-dependent bile acid cotransporter (ASBT), a solute carrier membrane transport protein, transports bile acids. Several inhibitors of ASBT have been evaluated in clinical trials. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), belonging to the same family as ASBT, has fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC) and indocyanine green (ICG) transportability. ICG, a Food and Drug Administration-approved fluorophore at near-infrared range, has perfect optical characteristics, so it can be applied in cell tracking and drug screening. In this study, ASBT and NTCP were transduced into the HT-1080 cell line. Nude mice were subcutaneously xenografted with control and ASBT-expressing cells. ICG transportability was observed through flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy, multi-mode plate readers, and an in vivo imaging system. Several molecules, including taurocholate, sodium deoxycholate, cyclosporine A, nifedipine, and Primovist, were used to evaluate an in vitro drug-screening platform by using the combination of ICG and ASBT through flow cytometry. ICG and FITC were validated and shown to be transported by ASBT. NTCP had a higher ICG intensity compared with ASBT. For cell tracking, the ASBT xenograft had similar ICG signals as the control. For a drug-screening platform, the ICG intensity decreased with 186 μM taurocholate (56.8%), deoxycholate (83.8%), and increased with nifedipine (133.2%). These findings are suggestive of opportunities for the high-throughput drug screening of cholestasis and other diseases that are related to the dynamics of bile acid reabsorption.
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Coon, Steven, Ramesh Kekuda, Prosenjit Saha, and Uma Sundaram. "Glucocorticoids differentially regulate Na-bile acid cotransport in normal and chronically inflamed rabbit ileal villus cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 298, no. 5 (May 2010): G675—G682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00176.2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous studies have demonstrated that apical Na-bile acid cotransport (ASBT) is inhibited during chronic ileitis by both a decrease in the affinity as well as a decrease in the number of cotransporters. Methylprednisolone (MP), a commonly used treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, e.g., Crohn's disease), has been shown to reverse the inhibition of several other Na-solute cotransporters during chronic enteritis. However, the effect of MP on ASBT in the chronically inflamed ileum is not known. MP stimulated ASBT in villus cells from the normal rabbit ileum by increasing the cotransporter expression without a change in the affinity of the cotransporter for bile acid. Western blot studies demonstrated an increase in cotransporter expression. MP reversed the inhibition of ASBT in villus cells from the chronically inflamed ileum. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the mechanism of MP-mediated reversal of ASBT inhibition was secondary to a restoration of both affinity as well as cotransporter numbers. Western blot analysis demonstrated restoration of cotransporter numbers after MP treatment of rabbits with chronic ileitis. Thus MP stimulates ASBT in the normal ileum by increasing cotransporter numbers. MP reverses the inhibition of ASBT during chronic ileitis. However, MP restores the diminished affinity as well as cotransporter expression levels during chronic ileitis. Thus MP differentially regulates ASBT in the normal and in the chronically inflamed ileum.
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Manning, Sarah Waterman, Scotta L. Orr, and Katherine S. Mastriani. "General Surgery Residency and Emergency General Surgery Service Reduces Readmission Rates and Length of Stay in Nonoperative Small Bowel Obstruction." American Surgeon 86, no. 9 (September 2020): 1178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003134820939900.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Nonoperative management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) results in resolution for the majority of patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that outcomes for patients with ASBO are improved when patients are admitted to a surgical service, but the effect of general surgery resident coverage is unclear. This study measures quality outcomes for patients with ASBO after the establishment of a new general surgery residency program. Methods An institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review of admissions for ASBO was conducted following the implementation of a protocol for ASBO nested within a newly developed resident-run emergency general surgery (EGS) service. Patients successfully treated without operative intervention were analyzed. Results During the study period, 612 patients were admitted for ASBO. After initiation of the residency, 74% of ASBO were admitted to a surgical service compared with 35% prior to residency ( P < .01). Length of stay was reduced by 0.77 days ( P = .016), average direct total cost per patient was reduced by 24% ( P = .002), and 30-day readmissions were reduced by 35.7% ( P = .046). There was no significant difference in mortality (1.4% vs 1.0%). Discussion Admission to a resident-run surgical service was associated with statistically significant improvement in outcomes for patients with ASBO. These data corroborate prior studies demonstrating the positive impact of residency programs on patient outcomes and provide additional evidence that general surgery residency programs improve outcomes for patients with surgical disease.
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Sundaram, Palaniappan, Nepal, Chaffins, Sundaram, and Arthur. "Mechanism of Dyslipidemia in Obesity—Unique Regulation of Ileal Villus Cell Brush Border Membrane Sodium–Bile Acid Cotransport." Cells 8, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In obesity, increased absorption of dietary fat contributes to altered lipid homeostasis. In turn, dyslipidemia of obesity leads to many of the complications of obesity. Bile acids are necessary for the absorption of dietary fat. In the mammalian intestine, apical sodium-dependent bile acid cotransporter (ASBT; SLC10A2) is exclusively responsible for the reabsorption of bile acids in the terminal ileum. In rat and mice models of obesity and importantly in obese humans, ASBT was increased in ileal villus cells. The mechanism of stimulation of ASBT was secondary to an increase in ASBT expression in villus cell brush border membrane. The stimulation of ASBT was not secondary to the altered Na-extruding capacity of villus cells during obesity. Further, increased Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression in villus cells during obesity likely mediated the increase in ASBT. Moreover, enhanced FXR expression increased the expression of bile-acid-associated proteins (IBABP and OSTα) that are responsible for handling bile acids absorbed via ASBT in villus cells during obesity. Thus, this study demonstrated that in an epidemic condition, obesity, the dyslipidemia that leads to many of the complications of the condition, may, at least in part, be due to deregulation of intestinal bile acid absorption.
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Lim, Hyeon-Jin, Chang-Geun Cho, Jang-Yeol You, and Jong-Jin Jeong. "Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Fiber Composites Varying with Fiber Volume Fractions." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 6444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag fiber composites (ASFC) were investigated with varying volume fractions of PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) fibers. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and alkali-activators were used as the main binders instead of cement, which emits a large amount of carbon dioxide during the manufacturing process. The measured slump flow of ASFC showed a high fluidity at a fiber content of 1.5 vol.% or less. The tensile, flexural, and shear strength of ASFC showed higher values as the amount of fiber increased. Compared to the existing high ductility fiber composites showing strain hardening behaviors with a fiber content of 2.0 vol.%, ASFC proved that it could exhibit high ductility characteristics due to multi-microcracks even at low fiber mixing rates of 1.0% and 1.25%. ASFC could be expected to lower the manufacturing cost with a low fiber content and provide improved workability with high fluidity. In addition, when manufacturing structural components using the developed ASFC, it is expected that the amount of fiber could be selected and used according to the required performance.
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Ghafari, Ahmad, Mohsen Saniei, Morteza Razaz, and Alireza Saffarian. "A New Method for Fault Current Limiting and Voltage Compensating in Power Systems Using Active Superconducting Current Controller." International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.4700.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a new method for both fault current limiting and voltage compensating using Active Superconducting Current Controller (ASCC) is proposed. The main objective of this paper is to present an appropriate control strategy for ASCC to achieve both the fault current limiting and voltage compensation purposes. Three different operating modes are defined for ASCC including normal mode, fault current limiting mode, and voltage compensation mode and a proper control strategy is designed for each mode. For the fault current limiting, the model of a typical three-phase system with ASCC is simulated and different states for current limiting in different levels are defined. Also, for the voltage compensating mode, the PI model for the line is considered and the line transmission matrix is obtained when the ASCC is connected at the sending end and middle of the line. Finally, proper settings for ASCC are determined such that the magnitude of the receiving end and the sending end voltages become equal. Simulation results using MATLAB software confirm the proper performance of the proposed method.
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Akbay, Zekai, and Haluk M. Aktan. "Abating Earthquake Effects on Buildings by Active Slip Brace Devices." Shock and Vibration 2, no. 2 (1995): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/743430.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A hybrid control system for reducing building vibration under a spectrum of earthquake load amplitudes is presented. The hybrid control is accomplished by an energy dissipation device called the active slip brace device (ASBD). The hybrid control system uses the ASBD to regulate the energy dissipation characteristics of the building during its response to earthquakes by utilizing active control principles. The ASBD consists of a Coulomb friction interface with a clamping mechanism on the interface. The clamping force on the friction interface is altered at short time intervals during building vibration. Computer simulations of building response with and without ASBD are compared.
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Ghosh, Ayantika, Frank Chen, Swati Banerjee, Ming Xu, and Benjamin L. Shneider. "c-Fos mediates repression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter by fibroblast growth factor-19 in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 306, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): G163—G171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00276.2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF-19), a bile acid-responsive enterokine, is secreted by the ileum and regulates a variety of metabolic processes. These studies examined the signal transduction pathways operant in FGF-19-mediated repression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT). Responses to FGF-19 were assessed in Caco-2 and CT-26 cells and in mice where c- fos was conditionally silenced in the intestine by a cre-lox strategy. FGF-19 treatment of Caco-2 cells or wild-type mice led to a significant reduction in ASBT protein expression and enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signaling kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Fos, and c-Jun. FGF-19 treatment of Caco-2 cells led to a reduction in activity of the human ASBT promoter and this repression could be blocked by treatment with a mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK1/2) inhibitor or by silencing jun kinase 1, jun kinase 2, c- fos, or c- jun. Site directed mutagenesis of a c- fos binding element in the ASBT promoter blocked FGF-19-mediated repression in luciferase reporter constructs. ASBT promoter activity was repressed by FGF-19 in CT-26 cells and this repression could be reduced by MEK1/2 inhibition or silencing c- fos. FGF-19-mediated repression of ASBT protein expression was abrogated in mice where c- fos was conditionally silenced in the intestine. In contrast, ASBT was repressed in the c-Fos expressing gallbladders of the same mice. The studies demonstrate that FGF-19 represses the expression of ASBT in the ileum and gallbladder via a signal transduction pathway involving MEK1/2, ERK1/2, JNK1, JNK2, and c-Fos.