Дисертації з теми "Artificial production"
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1
Ranawake, Manoja, and n/a. "Development of the artificial heart for serial production." University of Canberra. Industrial Design, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.151545.
Анотація:
Heart disease is the principal cause of death in most
industrialised countries. In the U.S.A. for example, 2.3 million individuals
suffer from chronic heart failure, with an annual increase in numbers of 17%.
It is estimated that 17,000 to 35,000 of them per year will die from this
disease if they are not given either a heart transplant or an artificial heart.
Unfortunately, the numbers of heart donors cannot meet the demand for
transplantation, and, at present, the artificial heart is a prohibitively
expensive alternative.
The total artificial heart (TAH) intended for the total replacement of the
natural heart is still some years away from realisation. However, the
ventricular assist device (VAD) which is used temporarily to maintain an ailing
heart is available now, although only in restricted numbers due to difficulties
in processing the biocompatible materials used during manufacture.
Consequently, such devices are expensive, costing anywhere from
AUS$30,000 for the pump head to AUS$200,000 for a complete system.
In this study, the Australian designed $quot;Spiral Vortex$quot; VAD was used to
investigate fabrication techniques for use in the eventual cost-effective
manufacture of a pump head costing approximately AUS$4,000. A second
VAD originally designed at the Kolff Laboratory, University of Utah, U.S.A.
was also used for comparative evaluation. The hard-shell Spiral Vortex VAD
is intended to be used outside the body, while the soft-shell Kolff VAD has the
advantage of being implantable for long-term use. They were cast from
epoxy resin and vacuum formed from polyurethane, respectively. Several
units of each were fabricated, including 60 of the Kolff VAD, for use in vitro
and in vivo experiments. From these experiments it was found that both the
Spiral Vortex and Kolff VADs could be fabricated to quality controllable
standards. The Kolff VAD was used exclusively in chronic animal
experiments, and was able to sustain sheep and goats for periods of up to
five weeks. Furthermore, it became evident that techniques used in
fabrication of the Kolff VAD could be adopted for use in the mass production
of the Spiral Vortex VAD.
The two other areas investigated in this study were the prosthetic heart
valves and drive systems used for an artificial heart. A high percentage of
the cost of an artificial heart is accounted for by the inflow/outflow valves.
The trileaflet valve used in the Kolff VAD, which mimics the natural heart
valve, was fabricated using inexpensive vacuum-forming techniques. Quality
control was found to be adequate, with good flow characteristics which could
be maintained for several weeks in animal experiments. Both the Spiral
Vortex and Kolff VADs are pulsation pumps which require a pneumatic driver
unit. This driver is the single most expensive component in a VAD system,
costing upwards of AUS$150,000. The theoretical efficiency of a compact
hydromechanical drive unit was investigated using a test rig to simulate an
original design based primarily on proprietary components. Results obtained
so far indicate that the proposed driver can operate only under limited
conditions as a result of its severe reduction in size.
By adopting mass production techniques wherever possible in the fabrication
of the VAD (pump head) and valves, and by reducing the cost and size of the
driver unit, it may therefore be possible to produce a cost effective ventricular
assist device system.
2
CECCONI, BIANCA. "Artificial Photosynthesis: Molecular Approaches for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/100472.
Анотація:
The humankind today needs to face an epochal transition from a fossil fuel to a renewable source-based economy. Renewable sources are our chance to build a clean world with unlimited and widespread energy. Nowadays renewable energies could be properly harvested to produce electricity, while the development of a future clean fuel is less advanced. Since our energetic consumption is made essentially of fuels we need to build devices to transform renewable energy, such as solar radiation, into chemical energy of bonds. A promising future fuel is hydrogen since its carbon footprint is zero and it can be obtained from an abundant source such as water. Nature, through the photosynthesis, could inspire us to build our feed in the form of fuels. In this research project DSSC (dye-sensitized solar cells) have been modified to produce chemical energy instead of electricity. Attention has been focused on hydrogen production semi-reaction, thus the use of a sacrificial electron donor has been adopted. Such system is composed of TiO2 nanoparticles covered by a reduction catalyst and a metal-free organic sensitizer to harvest the visible spectrum of solar radiation.
The aim of this research has been the development of molecular approaches to provide efficient light harvesting systems and reduction catalysts. Molecular design allowed a fine tuning of materials properties and a deep understanding of structure/performances relationships.
The first part of the project has focused on designing push-pull structures to harvest visible light portion of solar spectrum. Fine molecular tuning of metal-free dyes afforded enhanced performances depending on the kind of modification. We modified a known phenothiazine dye in the donor, spacer and acceptor units in order to derive structure/performances relationships. Enhanced light harvesting properties and photo-stability have been afforded through π-spacer modification with various mono- and polycyclic simple and fused thiophene derivatives, while decoration of the donor core with glycolic or sugar chains gave better hydrophilicity and surface wettability. Lastly hydroxamic acids have been introduced as alternative anchoring groups to give stronger ester bonds on TiO2 surface and prevent hydrolysis in aqueous media.
The second part of the research has concerned the study of cobaloximes as alternative noble metal free reduction catalysts. Starting from a mini-library of cobaloximes bearing various equatorial bridges, axial ligands, and starting oxidation numbers, molecular structure/efficiency studies have been done, while UV/Vis spectroscopy has been used to investigate the nature of the eventual Co(I) species transiently formed. For cobaloximes a Co(I) species is hypothesized but not confirmed in photocatalytic experiments and optimization of efficiency and stability of new catalysts need a deep understanding of the catalytic cycle in order to intervene in the critical intermediates.
3
Daniel, John W. H. "Exploiting application parallelism in production systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279737.
4
Abukhader, Rami, and Samer Kakoore. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR VERTICAL FARMING – CONTROLLING THE FOOD PRODUCTION." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53355.
Анотація:
The Covid-19 crisis has highlighted the vulnerability of access to food and the need for local and circular food supply chains in urban environments. Nowadays, Indoor Vertical Farming has been increased in large cities and started deploying Artificial Intelligence to control vegetations remotely. This thesis aims to monitor and control the vertical farm by scheduling the farming activities by solving a newly proposed Job-shop scheduling problem to enhance food productivity. The Job-shop scheduling problem is one of the best-known optimization problems as the execution of an operation may depend on the completion of another operation running at the same time. This paper presents an efficient method based on genetic algorithms developed to solve the proposed scheduling problem. To efficiently solve the problem, a determination of the assignment of operations to the processors and the order of each operation so that the execution time is minimized. An adaptive penalty function is designed so that the algorithm can search in both feasible and infeasible regions of the solution space. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and how it can be applied for monitoring the farm remotely.The presentation was held in zoom
5
Wiegmann, Lars. "Cost-based shop control using artificial neural networks." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165820/.
6
Duttala, Satish. "Virtual material processing artificial intelligence based process selection." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1174590077.
7
Andersen, Mats Grønning. "Reservoir Production Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9985.
Анотація:
This master's thesis has investigated how methods from artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to perform and augment production optimization of sub-sea oil reservoirs. The methods involved in this work are genetic algorithms (GAs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Different optimization schemes were developed by the author to perform production optimization on oil reservoir simulator models. The optimization involves finding good input parameter values for certain properties of the model, relating to how the wells in the oil reservoir operate. The research involves straightforward optimization using GAs, model approximations using ANNs, and also more advanced schemes using these methods together with other available technology to perform and augment reservoir optimization. With this work, the author has attempted to make a genuine contribution to all the research areas this master's thesis has touched upon, ranging from computer science and AI to process and petroleum engineering. The methods and approaches developed through this research were compared to the performance of each other and also to other approaches and methods used on the same challenges. The comparison found some of the developed optimization schemes to be very successful, while others were found to be less appropriate for solving the problem at hand. Some of the less successful approaches still showed considerable promise for simpler problems, leading the author to conclude that the developed schemes are suited for solving optimization problems in the petroleum industry.
8
Grip, Stefan. "Artificial spider silk : recombinant production and determinants for fiber formation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health and Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/2008100.pdf.
9
Qiu, Xueni, and 邱雪妮. "Artificial immune systems for job shop scheduling problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617576.
Анотація:
Effective process scheduling is very important to the modern manufacturing production. This research addresses a classical scheduling problem — the job shop scheduling problem from the standpoint of both static and dynamic environment. In this study, the job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) is investigated in three aspects: (1) static JSSP that operates under a static scheduling environment with known information about the jobs and machines without unexpected events; (2) semi-dynamic JSSP which is developed based on static JSSP but violating the non-operation disruption assumption due to the presence of uncertainties occurring in the dynamic scheduling process; (3) dynamic online JSSP that operates under a dynamic operating environment in which jobs continuously arrive that are accompanied by unpredictable disruptions, such as machine failures. In the thesis, these three types of JSSP are solved by artificial immune systems (AIS) based algorithms.
For static JSSP, a hybrid algorithm is proposed based on clonal selection theory and immune network theory of AIS, and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The clonal selection theory establishes the framework of the hybrid algorithm, while the immune network theory is applied to increase the diversity of antibody set which represents the solution candidates. The proposed framework involves the processes of selection, cloning, hypermutation, memory, and receptor editing. The PSO is designed to optimize the hypermutation process of the antibodies to accelerate the search procedure. This hybrid algorithm is tested with benchmark problems of different sizes and is compared with other methods. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, the effectiveness of PSO, and the contribution of long-lasting memory which is one of the key features of AIS.
The semi-dynamic JSSP is handled by the rescheduling process. An extended deterministic dendritic cell algorithm (dDCA) is proposed to control the rescheduling process under considerations of the stability and efficiency of the scheduling system. The main role of the extended dDCA is to quantify the negative effect generated from the unexpected disturbances and to determine the best time to trigger the rescheduling process. This algorithm is tested on static benchmark problems with the existence of different kinds of disruptions. The experimental results demonstrate its capability of timely triggering the rescheduling process.
The dynamic online JSSP is modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem. In this case, the immune network theory of AIS is hybridized with priority dispatching rules (PDRs) to establish the idiotypic network model for dispatching rules. This idiotypic network model drives the dispatching rule selection process under a dynamic scheduling environment. Based on the job shop situations represented by the antigens, the dispatching rules that perform best under specific conditions are selected as the antibodies of the idiotypic network model.
Finally, the thesis proposes a generic framework of JSSP that combines the three different aspects studied in this research with corresponding scheduling strategies. The scheduling framework for a job shop system consists of four collaborating modules and is designed to solve various scheduling situations efficiently under a dynamic operating environment.published_or_final_version
Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
10
Amado, António Correia de Campos Jordão. "An ontology to support evolvable production systems." Master's thesis, Faculdade de CIências e Tecnologia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/3662.
Анотація:
Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de
Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de ComputadoresOntologias são cada vez mais um conceito fundamental no suporte à interoperabilidade. Além disso, elas também são fundamentais no suporte aos sistemas evolutivos de produção por duas razões principais. A primeira está relacionada com o facto de a clara identificação e formalização dos processos ser importante para a criação de módulos inteligentes. A segunda razão está relacionada com o facto de os sistemas evolutivos de produção (SEP) serem baseados em sistemas multi-agente que depende em muito, da construção das ontologias de modo a permitir a comunicação entre os agentes pertencentes ao sistema. Os principais conceitos por detrás da ontologia aqui desenvolvida serão os conceitos de processos, tarefas, produto e componentes de manufactura. Esta tese pretende mostrar não só a criação de uma ontologia, mas também de um agente de modo a ser possível a integração da ontologia num sistema multi-agente, no âmbito da manufactura inteligente respondendo às questões envolventes ao paradigma dos sistemas evolutivos de produção. Sabendo que os SEP são baseados em sistemas multi-agente, será também mostrado um agente que irá ter todo o controlo da ontologia e irá pertencer ao sistema de manufactura.
11
Pirmoradian, Sahar. "Towards Artificial Language Learning in a Potts Attractor Network." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4789.
Анотація:
It remains a mystery how children acquire natural languages; languages far beyond the
few symbols that a young chimp struggles to learn, and with complex rules that incomparably
surpass the repetitive structure of bird songs. How should one explain the emergence of
such a capacity from the basic elements of the nervous system, namely neuronal networks?
To understand the brain mechanisms underlying the language phenomenon, specifically
sentence construction, different approaches have been attempted to implement an artificial
neural network that encodes words and constructs sentences (see e.g. (Hummel, J.E. and
Holyoak, 1997; Huyck, 2009; Velde and de Kamps, 2006; Stewart and Eliasmith, 2009)).
These attempts differ on how the sentence constituents (parts) are represented—either individually
and locally, or in a distributed fashion—and on how these constituents are bound
together.
In LISA (Hummel, J.E. and Holyoak, 1997), each sentence constituent (either a word, a
phrase, or even a proposition) is represented individually by a unit—intended to be a population
of neurons (Hummel and Holyoak, 2003)—and relevant constituents synchronously
get activated in the construction of a sentence (or the inference of a proposition). Considering
the productivity of the language—the ability of humans to create many possible
sentences out of a limited vocabulary—this representation results in an exponential growth in the number of units needed for structure representation.
In order to avoid this problem, Neural Blackboard Architectures (Velde and de Kamps,
2006) were proposed as systems endowed with dynamic bindings between assemblies of
words, roles (e.g. theme or agent), and word categories (e.g. nouns or verbs). A neural
blackboard architecture resembles a switchboard (a blackboard) that wires sentence
constituents together via circuits, using highly complex and meticulously (unrealistic) organized
connections.
As opposed to localized approaches, in a Vector Symbolic Architecture (Gayler, 2003;
Plate, 1991), words are represented in a fully distributed fashion on a vector. The words are
bound (and merged) together by algebraic operations—e.g. tensor products (Smolensky,
1990) or circular convolution (Plate, 1991)—in the vector space. In order to give a biological
account, some steps have been attempted towards the neural implementation of such
operations (Stewart and Eliasmith, 2009).
Another distributed approach was toward implementing a simple recurrent neural network
that predicts the next word in a sentence (Elman, 1991). Apart from the limited language
size that the network could deal with (Elman, 1993), this system lacked an explicit
representation of syntactic constituents, thus resulting in a lack of grammatical knowledge
in the network (Borensztajn, 2011; Velde and de Kamps, 2006).
However, despite all these attempts, there remains the lack of a neural model that addresses
the challenges of language size, semantic and syntactic distinction, word binding,
and word implementation in a neurally plausible manner.
We are exploring a novel approach to address these challenges, that involves first constructing
an artificial language of intermediate complexity and then implementing a neural
network, as a simplified cortical model of sentence production, which stores the vocabulary
and the grammar of the artificial language in a neurally inspired manner on two
components: one semantic and one syntactic.
As the training language of the network, we have constructed BLISS (Pirmoradian and
Treves, 2011), a scaled-down synthetic language of intermediate complexity, with about
150 words, 40 production rules, and a definition of semantics that is reduced to statistical
dependence between words. In Chapter 2, we will explain the details of the implementation of BLISS.
As a sentence production model, we have implemented a Potts attractor neural network,
whose units hypothetically represent patches of cortex. The choice of the Potts network,
for sentence production, has been mainly motivated by the latching dynamics it exhibits
(Kropff and Treves, 2006); that is, an ability to spontaneously hop, or latch, across memory
patterns, which have been stored as dynamical attractors, thus producing a long or even
infinite sequence of patterns, at least in some regimes (Russo and Treves, 2012). The goal
is to train the Potts network with a corpus of sentences in BLISS. This involves setting first
the structure of the network, then the generating algorithm for word representations, and
finally the protocol to train the network with the specific transitions present in the BLISS
corpus, using both auto- and hetero-associative learning rules. In Chapter 3, we will explain
the details of the procedure we have adapted for word representation in the network.
The last step involves utilizing the spontaneous latching dynamics exhibited by the
Potts network, the word representation we have developed, and crucially hetero-associative
weights favouring specific transitions, to generate, with a suitable associative training procedure,
sentences ”uttered” by the network. This last stage of spontaneous sentence production
by the network has been explained in Chapter 4.
12
Lowe, Timothy James. "Constraint techniques applied to teamworking tasks in clothing industry production." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389493.
13
Slothouber, Louis Paul. "Adaptation of LR parsing to production system interpretation." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623785.
Анотація:
This thesis presents such a new production system architecture, called a palimpsest parser, that adapts LR parsing technology to the process of controlled production system interpretation. Two unique characteristics of this architecture facilitate the construction and execution of large production systems: the rate at which productions fire is independent of production system size, and the modularity inherent in production systems is preserved and enhanced. In addition, individual productions may be evaluated in either a forward or backward direction, production systems can be integrated with other production systems and procedural programs, and production system modules can be compiled into libraries and used by other production systems.;Controlled production systems are compiled into palimpsest parsers as follows. Initially, the palimpsest transformation is applied to all productions to transform them into context-free grammar rules with associated disambiguation predicates and semantics. This grammar and the control grammar are then concatenated and compiled into modified LR(0) parse tables using conventional parser generation techniques. the resulting parse tables, disambiguation predicates, and semantics, in conjunction with a modified LR(0) parsing algorithm, constitute a palimpsest parser. When executed, this palimpsest parser correctly interprets the original controlled production system. Moreover, on any given cycle, the palimpsest parser only attempts to instantiate those productions that are allowed to fire by the control language grammar. Tests conducted with simulated production systems have consistently exhibited firing rates in excess of 1000 productions per second on a conventional microcomputer.
14
Comeaux, Jay Louis. "Effects of copper on benthic communities in artificial microcosms." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40317.
15
Steffen, Mitchell S. "An application of artificial intelligence methods to scheduling parallel processors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43040.
Анотація:
This research investigated applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) method to develop a scheduling and sequencing system for parallel processors, subject to preference, sequencing, and buffer inventory constraints. Specifically, hierarchical planning and, constraint-directed search were used to develop prototype scheduling system for a case study problem.
This research also investigated dividing the scheduling problem into sub-periods to allow parallel scheduling and efficient handling of time-dependent, constraints. The prototype
system uses, problem-constraints to define sub-period boundaries, and determine which processors and jobs to include in the sub-period problems. It then solves the sub-period schedules in sequence.
The prototype system was tested using operational data from the case study and compared to schedules created by the case study scheduler. The prototype system produced schedules very similar to the human scheduler, and relaxed constraints only slightly more than the scheduler in searching for solutions. The success of the prototype system demonstrated: 1) the effectiveness of hierarchical planning and constraint-directed search as methods for developing scheduling systems for parallel processors; 2) that constraint satisfaction, as opposed to solving an objective function, is a useful alternative method for modeling scheduling problems; and 3) dividing the scheduling problem into sub-period
problems reduces the size of the search space- encountered in parallel scheduling while allowing fulfillment of time dependent constraints.Master of Science
16
Mannai, Sébastien (Sébastien Karim). "A novel framework for acoustic diagnostic of artificial lift system for oil-production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119290.
Анотація:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 120-122).
Oil extraction on many reservoirs requires the use of rod pump systems to pump the fluid to the surface. A longstanding challenging issue in the operation of rod-pump system is the ability to determine the downhole pump conditions based on the knowledge of a finite set of measurables at the top. A novel acoustic-based diagnostic method is put forward as an enabler for determining the downhole conditions. It consists of reconstructing the pressure signal generated by the pump from an acoustic measurement made at the top. Knowing that the operating pump radiates pressure waves in the fluid, the pump operation can thus be monitored. The physical basis of this acoustic method is demonstrated using results from a model of the rod-pump system complemented by field data measured from representative operating oil wells. The rod pump model has shown to be in good accord with available data. The unique feature differentiating the model formulation from the state of art is that each of the model attributes is linked to the physical process that set the pump operation. The wave equations in the rod string and in the tubing are solved using a custom numerical scheme, and the coupling between the rod and the fluid surrounding it is taken into account. The field measurements and the model results are in accord as they prove the hypothesis that a surface measured pressure can be used to determine the downhole condition of the well. Likewise both the field measurements and the model results provide the physical basis for formulating the scaling rule for generic rod pump system which is used in turn to design a scaled down experimental setup. Specifically, the effect of gas on the pump acoustic signature has been characterized and this general scaling allow one to compare different wells to one another and to obtain a universal scaling parameter to measure the amount of gas in wells pumps. The anticipated technological impact on oil production infrastructure is an acoustic diagnostic framework for assessing a broad class of wells operation, from vertical to horizontal oil wells.
by Sébastien Karim Mannaï.
Ph. D.
17
Cirmirakis, A. K. "An investigation of the artificial chromosome expression system for production of recombinant proteins." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1454072/.
Анотація:
The requirement to produce complex, therapeutic proteins that possess human-like post-translational modifications for treatment of disease has accelerated the use of mammalian cell lines, in particular Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, producing stable, high expressing cell lines quickly, reproducibly and with relative simplicity whilst achieving a desired product quality profile proves challenging. Conventional methods involve random integration of the expression vector carrying the gene of interest (GOI) into the host genome, often resulting in clonal lines with highly variable protein expression. In order to overcome some of these challenges the artificial chromosome expression (ACE) system, comprising a functional artificial chromosome (AC) present in a CHO-K1 cell line, ACE targeting vector (ATV) with GOI, and a mutated λ integrase which catalyses site-specific integration of the ATV into the AC, has been developed. This targeted integration negates ‘position effects’ and reduces phenotypic variation. In this study this novel, minimally characterised system was investigated; the number of AC recombination sites was determined and optimal selection pressure and vectorology was established for the generation of highly productive cell lines. In an attempt to further improve protein production, two consecutive rounds of gene delivery were performed and its potential evaluated. Further, stability of the AC over long-term culture and its uncompromised structure over 50 cell passages was proven. In addition, a series of cell lines expressing recombinant proteins have consequently been investigated for stability over long-term culture, with the results underlining the need for optimal metabolite support for the cells to ensure consistent protein production. Another key feature of the system is the ability to isolate and transfer the AC into alternative host cell lines. To test this portability, the AC was isolated by FACS and an attempt to transfect into alternate CHO and HEK293 cell lines was made. Work presented in this study demonstrates the potential of the ACE system to become a predominant commercial platform for the production of recombinant proteins, owing to its high efficiency, competitive timelines for mammalian cell line generation, and low clonal variability.
18
Mizuta, Darien Danielle. "Water quality improvement and the promotion of cultured oyster production by artificial upwelling." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188768.
Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第18330号
農博第2055号
新制||農||1022(附属図書館)
学位論文||H26||N4837(農学部図書室)
31188
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 荒井 修亮, 教授 山下 洋, 准教授 笠井 亮秀
学位規則第4条第1項該当
19
Hofe, Robin. "Biomimetic vocal tract modelling : an artificial speaker to investigate the energetics of speech production." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543237.
20
Connolly, Kim. "Artificial limb cosmesis design : a study of materials and production methods for improved performance." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1990. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843828/.
Анотація:
A strain analysis of the foams used as cosmeses for artificial limbs was conducted. It was found that on flexion of an artificial limb strain occurred in the knee region. The mechanical properties of cosmeses materials suggested that the foams would not fail at the strain levels measured when undamaged. However, when the foam became cracked the properties of the foams were reduced to a level that would make failure likely to occur when the cracks reached critical lengths. The failure mechanism of the foam coverings was established via the use of a test rig, designed and built to simulate the interaction between the artificial limb patella piece and the foam. Foam samples were tested both with and without protective elastic netting. The primary cause of failure was found to be wear induced cracking. It was recommended that the design of the patella piece should be changed so as to be less damaging, and that netting should be used for all foams. Silicone foam materials were formulated and investigated for their suitability as a cosmesis foam. Silicone foam samples were tested on the fatigue test rig. Skinned silicone foams with netting had lifetimes three times that of any cosmesis foam tested in a condition currently used in production procedure, and 35% longer than any foam tested in any condition. It was found from leg measurement studies that there was a general leg shape for males and females. Details of leg shapes were transferred to a C.A.D. system. A match from the C.A.D. system for a single amputee's limb can be found. The accuracy of matching is at worst 5%. The current accuracy of matching is generally 15%. The information from the C.A.D. system can be used either to produce moulds for a cosmesis moulding system, or be used in conjunction with a C.N.C. lathe for the direct cutting of cosmeses.
21
LUISA, ALESSANDRA. "Metallo-porphyrins: key active players in molecular artificial photosynthesis and homogeneous photocatalytic hydrogen production." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908012.
Анотація:
Contemporary society demands innovative answers to the environmental and energetic issue. A remarkably promising and widely discussed route to achieve this intent is based on artificial photosynthesis, i.e. the conversion of light into fuels by molecules that mimic the natural photosystems. The main aim of this thesis is the design, synthesis and characterization of new metal-chromophore supramolecular conjugates for photocatalytic applications, with specific focus on the homogeneous generation of molecular hydrogen. Particular attention was given to water soluble noble-metal-free systems, in order to meet both environment and cost requirements. Herein are described manifold applications of metallo-porphyrins for hydrogen photoreduction: as photosensitizer units in multi-component photoactive systems, as chromophores in antenna systems, and as catalysts, while offering at the same time a variety of structural handles for the assembling of the active partners.
22
Asthorsson, Axel. "Simulation meta-modeling of complex industrial production systems using neural networks." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1036.
Анотація:
Simulations are widely used for analysis and design of complex systems. Real-world complex systems are often too complex to be expressed with tractable mathematical formulations. Therefore simulations are often used instead of mathematical formulations because of their flexibility and ability to model real-world complex systems in some detail. Simulation models can often be complex and slow which lead to the development of simulation meta-models that are simpler and faster models of complex simulation models. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been studied for use as simulation meta-models with different results. This final year project further studies the use of ANNs as simulation meta-models by comparing the predictability of five different neural network architectures: feed-forward-, generalized feed-forward-, modular-, radial basis- and Elman artificial neural networks where the underlying simulation is of complex production system. The results where that all architectures gave acceptable results even though it can be said that Elman- and feed-forward ANNs performed the best of the tests conducted here. The difference in accuracy and generalization was considerably small.
23
Ward, Christopher. "The production of synthetic rutile and by-product iron oxide pigments from ilmenite processing." Murdoch University, 1990. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070831.150010.
Анотація:
A study has been carried out on the Becher and Summit
Processes with the aim of understanding the mechanism and critical
parameters required for the production of a range of pure iron oxide
pigments, as well as high quality synthetic rutile from reduced
ilmenite .
The Becher Process currently produces a large quantity of
worthless mixed phase iron oxides. However, this study has shown that
the range of iron oxides formed are all derived from the
transformation of lepidocrocite (y-FeOOH) through the solution phase
in iron(II) solutions. The results of a kinetic study of the
transformation of lepidocrocite found that the rate exhibited an
induction period at low pH, was dependent on temperature and was
linearly related to log [H+] and log [Fe2+]. The rate determining step
was found to be the formation of suitable product nuclei, following
dissolution of the initial oxide at the surface of the crystal
lattice.
An electrochemical study of these reactions showed that the
product formed from the transformation of lepidocrocite was a function
of the solution potential and an experimental Eh-pH diagram was
constructed to predict the iron oxide phase produced from hydrolysis
and transformation reactions. The results from this fundamental study
were then applied on both a laboratory and plant scale to produce pure
iron oxide phases.
A modified Summit Process, involving the removal of metallic
iron from the porous reduced ilmenite matrix using FeCl 3, regeneration
of iron(III) and the production of pure iron oxide pigments from the
waste iron(II) chloride solution, was also investigated in detail.
A kinetic study of pure iron dissolution in iron(III)
solutions, comparing three electrochemical techniques and a standard
solution sampling method, gave consistent rate constants provided
allowance was made for the reaction with the proton. The iron
dissolution mechanism was found to be iron(III) diffusion controlled,
while the dissolution in HC1 was under mixed control. A study using
both pure iron and pressed reduced ilmenite discs found that acid
consumption could be minimised by the addition of citrate or by the
addition of A1 3+ or Fe 2+ , which are believed to block the adsorption
of the proton. It was found that iron(III)-citrate complexes inhibited
iron(II1) hydrolysis in the reduced ilmenite pores and enhanced the
purity of the synthetic rutile product.
A study of the oxidation of iron(II) by atmospheric oxygen
using copper(II) and activated carbon catalysts found that these
catalysts were inefficient for complete iron(III) regeneration. The
heating of carbon in the presence of cu2+ was found to enhance the
initial rate of iron(II) oxidation, however it is believed that
surface oxide redox couples formed on the carbon control the iron(II)/
iron(III) ratio in solution, and prevent complete iron(I1) oxidation.
The production of iron oxide pigments under the controlled conditions
afforded by the Summit Process, resulted in superior quality pigments
than are presently attainable from the Becher Process. However,
controlled ageing and crystal growth using waste lepidocrocite from
the Becher Process would result in similar quality pigments being
produced.
24
Amakali, Simakeka. "Development of models for short-term load forecasting using artificial neural networks /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=td_cput.
25
Guimarães, Lisiane Silva. "Morfodinâmica de um delta artificial na margem oeste da Lagoa Mangueira – RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/94710.
Анотація:
O estudo, em corpos lagunares, de transportes de sedimentos pode apresentar significativa importância e abrangência. Para que haja compreensão dos mecanismos que ocorrem na linha de costa de um corpo aquoso é fundamental o estudo de sua morfodinâmica e morfologia do sistema. Estes evoluem conjuntamente, visto que a dinâmica determina a morfologia, entretanto uma vez estabelecida a morfologia, esta condiciona a dinâmica. A evolução de corpos lagunares segue a evolução de cinco processos naturais: a segmentação, a acresção vertical, a progradação de deltas, a acresção lateral, a sedimentação marinha e/ou lacustre. Neste estudo é abordado a progradação deltaica. Deltas são acumulações de sedimentos no final de um canal, no qual há uma descarga dentro de um corpo de água. A área selecionada para este estudo situa-se no sul da planície costeira do Estado do Rio Grande do sul, na região norte da Lagoa Mangueira, onde se localiza diversos deltas artificiais presentes no corpo lacustre. Pelo fato de estar inserido no popularmente conhecido “Parque das Capivaras”, a feição estudada ficou denominada como “Delta das Capivaras”. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver o modelo de evolução deste delta artificial construído pela atividade das lavouras arrozeiras na margem oeste da Lagoa da Mangueira e avaliar os impactos ambientais causados pelo manejo do solo. A metodologia empregada contemplou variadas técnicas de aquisição e interpretação de dados. As atividades iniciaram com uma revisão bibliográfica e preparação da logística necessária para aquisição de informações em campo, onde foram coletados dados de sedimentologia, batimetria e testemunhos. As atividades posteriores compreenderamm análises, processamentos e tratamentos das amostras e informações obtidas, em laboratório. A integração dos dados forneceu informações importantes sobre a dinâmica e morfologia do Delta das Capivaras. Foi possível concluir que o principal agente formador do delta é o canal artificial gerado pela atividade antrópica devido ao elevado potencial de aporte de sedimentos para o interior da lagoa. A flutuação de nível é pouco representativa e a ação das ondas é secundária na formação do delta, já que o mesmo é protegido por feições arenosas e vegetação. A atividade de orizicultura na margem oeste da Lagoa Mangueira causa rápida eutrofização no corpo aquoso, esse fato mostra que a atividade antrópica causada pelo cultivo de arroz modifica bastante as características naturais desse corpo hídrico, podendo causar impactos na vida e dinâmica da lagoa. O Delta das Capivaras se desenvolveu em um local inferior a 1 km, num intervalo de tempo de décadas; e, por fim, sua gênese foi controlada principalmente pelo aporte de sedimentos. Além disso, está inserido em uma bacia de drenagem litorânea com extensão de área bastante reduzida e relevo com cotas inferiores a 10 metros, não podendo, portanto, gerar uma feição do tamanho do Delta das Capivaras, em um curto espaço de tempo. Essas características classificam o delta como uma feição artificial de escala de engenharia e não geológica.The sediment transport in lakes is very important and has a broad scope. In order to acquire comprehension on the processes occurring in the coastline it is vital that the system´s morphodynamics and morphology are studied. These last elements evolve together, since the dynamics determine morphology, however once morphology is established, it affects dynamics. The evolution of these bodies of water follows the evolution of five natural processes: segmentation, vertical accretion, marine and lagoonal sedimentation. In this study, deltaic progradation is analyzed. Deltas are deposits of sediment at the end of a water stream, which is discharged into a body of water. The selected area for this study is located in the southern portion of the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the north sector of the Mangueira Lake, where several artificial deltas are found in the lagoon. Since it is located in the popularly known “Capivaras Park”, the feature which is analysed in this study was named “Delta das Capivaras”. This study aimed to develop the evolution model for this artificially built delta, wich was formed due to rice farming on the west margin of the lake, and also, to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by the soil management. The methodology employed in the study comprised different techniques for the data acquisition and its interpretation. The work began by analyzing related bibliography and planning logistics for the field work, where data on sedimentology, bathymetry and core sample were collected. The later activities comprise analysis, processing and treatment of the obtained samples in the laboratory. The integration of data offered important information on the dynamics and morphology of the Delta das Capivaras. It was possible to conclude that the primary mechanism for the delta development is the artificial channel generated by anthropic activity, due to the elevated potential of sediment transport towards the lagoon. The water level variation has little significant contribution such as the wave action in the delta formation, since it is protected by sand “features” such as sandy spits and vegetation. The rice cultureon the west margin of the Mangueira Lake causes fast eutrophication of the water body, proving that anthropic activity caused by that specific activity strongly modifies the lagoon´s natural features and can possibly impact life and dynamics in this lagoon. The Delta das Capivaras developed in a location less than 1 km, in a time of decades and, finally, its genesis was controlled mainly by sediment supply. Moreover, it is inserted into a coastal drainage basin with little extension area and lower elevation with dimensions less than 10 meters, wherefore cannot generate a feature like Delta das Capivaras, in a short space of time. These characteristics classify the delta as an artificial feature of engineering scale and not geological.
26
McKendall, Alan R. "The space and resource constrained project scheduling problem /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953882.
27
Sa'ad, Aisha. "Developing integrated maintenance strategies for renewable energy sources based on analytical methods and artificial intelligence (AI) : comparisons and case study." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0080.
Анотація:
Au cours de ces récentes années, le développement des énergies renouvelables, en particulier l'énergie solaire et l'énergie éolienne, a attiré comme méthode alternative de production d'énergie, l'attention du monde entier avec une croissance exceptionnelle de sa production. Selon le rapport de Global Energy, l'énergie solaire mondiale devrait avoir atteint une capacité cumulée de 1 TW, tandis que l'énergie éolienne devrait avoir été multipliée par 3 ou 4 mégas par rapport à la production en 2020. Cette augmentation des énergies solaire et éolienne implique des investissements financiers très importants. Cependant, avec cet énorme potentiel d'investissement et l'augmentation significative de la capacité de production, il y a une responsabilité supplémentaire, souvent négligée : la gestion des centrales électriques pour assurer le coût total du cycle de vie le plus bas (Life Cycle Cost). Comme tout système de production standard, les composants de production d'énergie renouvelable (solaire et éolienne dans notre cas) sont sujets à des défaillances aléatoires qui interrompent la production et l'approvisionnement de la demande. La maintenance est identifiée comme une cause majeure d'accidents, on peut noter le manque de savoir-faire technique dans l'exploitation d'un équipement ou l'absence d'un bon plan de routine de maintenance. Dans le cadre des efforts visant à améliorer l'efficacité et la performance des centrales électriques à énergie renouvelable, nous proposons des modèles pour optimiser la production d'énergie et la maintenance dans nos études de cas sélectionnées (centrale solaire de Sokoto et parc éolien de Katsina au Nigéria). À cet égard, nous avons développé de nouvelles politiques de maintenance intégrées à la production d'énergie des systèmes d'énergie solaire et éolienne. La stratégie de maintenance préventive adoptée dans cette thèse est une stratégie de maintenance parfaite sur les composants sélectionnés pour la maintenance et une maintenance sélective imparfaite sur le système (solaire PV et éolienne). Le manque de batterie en cas de sous-production et les pertes de maintenance sont des défis considérés dans cette étude. La méthodologie que nous avons développée consiste à résoudre le problème d'optimisation de la production d'énergie et de la maintenance en utilisant la méthode théorique ainsi que la méthode d'apprentissage automatique (ANN et SVM) afin de satisfaire une demande aléatoire d'énergie pendant un horizon fini. Nous avons également étudié l'influence des conditions environnementales et opérationnelles des systèmes, puis validé les modèles par des exemples numériques et des études de sensibilité prouvant la robustesse des modèles développésThe development of renewable energy, especially solar and wind energy, over the recent years has gained global attention as an alternative method of generating energy experiencing exceptional growth in its production. In The Global Energy report, global solar energy is expected to have reached a cumulative capacity of 1TW while the wind energy is expected to have multiplied up to 3 to 4 times from mega production in the year 2020. This increase in the solar and wind power implies very significant financial investments. However, with this huge investment potential and significant increase in generation capacity, there is an additional, often overlooked responsibility: managing the power plants to ensure the lowest total life cycle cost (Life Cycle Cost). Like any standard production system, renewable energy (solar and wind energy in our case) generation components are subject to random failure, which interrupts production and supply of demand. Maintenance is identified as a major cause of accidents, lack of technical know-how of an equipment and the absence of a good maintenance routine plan. As part of the efforts to improve the efficiency and performance of renewable energy power plants, we propose models to optimize the power production and maintenance of our selected case studies (Sokoto solar plant and Katsina wind farm). In this regard, we developed new integrated maintenance policies integrated with production of the energy production from solar and wind energy systems. The preventive maintenance strategy adopted in this thesis is perfect maintenance strategy on the selected components for maintenance and an imperfect selective maintenance on the system (solar PV and wind turbine). Battery shortage in case of under-production and maintenance losses are challenges considered in this study. The methodology we developed entails solving the problem of energy production and maintenance optimization by using the theoretical method as well as machine learning method (ANN and SVM) in order to satisfy a random demand of energy during a finite horizon. We also studied the influence of environmental and operational condition of the systems and then validated the models by numerical examples and sensitivity studies proving the robustness of the developed models
28
Karlsson, Erik. "Catalysts for Oxygen Production and Utilization : Closing the Oxygen Cycle: From Biomimetic Oxidation to Artificial Photosynthesis." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för organisk kemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56917.
Анотація:
This thesis describes the development and study of catalysts for redox reactions, which either utilize oxygen or hydrogen peroxide for the purpose of selectively oxidizing organic substrates, or produce oxygen as the necessary byproduct in the production of hydrogen by artificial photosynthesis. The first chapter gives a general introduction about the use of environmentally friendly oxidants in the field of organic synthesis, and about the field of artificial photosynthesis. The second chapter describes a computational study of the mechanism of palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbohydroxylation of allene-substituted conjugated dienes. The proposed mechanism, which was supported by DFT calculations, involves an unusual water attack on a (π-allyl)palladium complex. The third chapter describes a computational study of the oxidation of unfunctionalized hydrocarbons, ethers and alcohols with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by methyltrioxorhenium (MTO). The mechanism was found to proceed via rate-limiting hydride abstraction followed by hydroxide transfer in a single concerted, but highly asynchronous, step as shown by intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) scans. The fourth chapter describes the use of a new hybrid (hydroquinone-Schiff base)cobalt catalyst as electron transfer mediator (ETM) in the palladium-catalyzed aerobic carbocyclization of enallenes. Covalently linking the two ETMs gave a fivefold rate increase compared to the use of separate components. The fifth chapter describes an improved synthetic route to the (hydroquinone-Schiff base)cobalt catalysts. Preparation of the key intermediate 5-(2,5-hydroxyphenyl)salicylaldehyde was improved by optimization of the key Suzuki coupling and change of protecting groups from methyl ethers to easily cleaved THP groups. The catalysts could thus be prepared in good overall yield from inexpensive starting materials. Finally, the sixth chapter describes the preparation and study of two catalysts for water oxidation, both based on ligands containing imidazole groups, analogous to the histidine residues present in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) and in many other metalloenzymes. The first, ruthenium-based, catalyst was found to catalyze highly efficient water oxidation induced by visible light. The second catalyst is, to the best of our knowledge, the first homogeneous manganese complex to catalyze light-driven water oxidation.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Accepted. Paper 6: Submitted.
29
Gantz, Stephanie, Susanne Steudler, Hubertus Delenk, André Wagenführ, and Thomas Bley. "Zone line formation on artificial media and in hardwoods by basidiomycetes for production of spalted wood." De Gruyter, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38471.
Анотація:
One of the visual modification of wood is the formation of dark zone lines (ZLs) via interaction of fungi. The result is called spalted wood, which has hitherto been produced mainly in small batches. The main goal of the present study is to further develop techniques for rapid formation of ZLs in hardwoods. Various white rot and brown rot fungi were tested to this purpose. Initially, interactions of 148 combinations of 17 basidiomycetes in malt extract agar were evaluated and their antagonistic interactions were characterised in order to identify fungal pairs capable of rapidly forming high-quality ZLs. Six types of interactions were observed, among others; antibiosis and inhibition in contact, which differ in terms of variables including mycelial overgrowth and zone line formation. Furthermore, 23 pairs of ZL forming fungi on malt extract agar were identified. Then the interactions of five selected pairs of fungi grown on the hardwood species Acer pseudoplatanus L., Betula pendula Roth. and Populus nigra L. were examined to assess their utility for controlled mycological wood modification, also in terms of a possible substrate dependency of their interactions. The results indicate that Lentinus tigrinus fungus is one of the best and quickest producer of ZLs in mycological wood modification.
30
Svoboda, Radovan. "Využití umělé inteligence pro optimalizaci výroby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223595.
Анотація:
This paper deals with the problem of optimization of a production plan by using genetic algorithms. It contains a brief overview of the principles behind genetic algorithms in scope of evolutionary algorithms and artificial intelligence in general. It also takes a closer look on the challenge of production planning and control and all activities connected to it. This is followed by description of the modification of genetic algorithms that needed to be done in order to implement it into a computer program, which is used to create and optimize the production plan, and is a result to the issue that this paper deals with. Incorporated is detailed escription of principles and functions of the program, that it offers to its users.
31
Romanzini, Eliéder Prates. "Economic evaluation, strategy and prediction studies of results into beef cattle production using different scenarios /." Jaboticabal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183167.
Анотація:
Orientador: Euclides Braga MalheirosResumo: A pecuária de corte brasileira tem sido pressionada no sentido de cada vez obter melhores resultados, o que força os proprietários a utilizar práticas e manejos específicos, os quais possibilitarão a manutenção dentro da atividade. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o uso de inteligência artificial, mais especificamente redes neurais artificiais (RNA), para predizer resultados futuros tanto da produção de pasto quanto animal. Determinar dentre diversos cenários de recria e terminação de bovinos de corte em pastagens tropicais, qual foi o melhor cenário no que diz respeito aos resultados econômicos. Avaliar dentre diferentes doses de adubação nitrogenada, qual foi aquela que retornou melhores índices econômicos. As RNA se mostraram melhores que as regressões normalmente utilizadas para predizer as produções de pastagem (valores médios obtidos pelo uso das RNA foram 0,84; 0,78 e 0,75 para massa de forragem, porcentagens de folha e colmo, versus 0,74; 0,39 e 0,50 obtidos usando regressão linear múltipla) e animal (0,72 [RNA] e 0,67 regressão). No estudo referente aos cenários, os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando utilizado apenas sal mineral (lucratividade de 26,3%; período de “payback” simples igual à 11 ciclos e taxa interna de retorno de 9,30%) na recria dos bovinos de corte e na terminação, quando as variáveis climáticas possibilitaram via manejo de pastagem o uso de maior taxa de lotação (3,18 UA ha-1) na área. Quando avaliados os efeitos das doses de adubação n... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Brazilian beef cattle has been under pression to obtain better results, which drives owners to use specific practices and management, which will allow the maintenance within livestock. This study aimed to evaluate use of artificial intelligence, specifically artificial neural networks (ANN), to predict future results both forage and animal productions. Determine between a lot of rearing and finishing phase scenarios of beef cattle production using tropical pastures, how was the best scenario considering economic results. Evaluate between different nitrogen fertilizers levels, how was there obtained best economic indexes. The ANN was better than regressions normally used to predict forage production (mean values obtained by ANN use were 0.84, 0.78 and 0.75 for forage mass, leaf and stem percentages, versus 0.74, 0.39 and 0.50 obtained using multiple linear regression) and animal (0.72 [ANN] and 0.67 regression). Into study about scenarios, the best results were obtained when used mineral mix just (profitability of 26.3%, simple payback period equal to 11 cycles and internal return ratio of 9.30%) during rearing phase of beef cattle. During finishing phase, the best results occurred when weather variables allowed by pasture handled, the use of higher stocking rate (3.18 AU ha-1) into area. The evaluation of economic results caused by different nitrogen fertilizer levels. Allowed to say that was possible to observe that there was linear increase both on costs, and gross revenue,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
32
Bazzo, Antonio. "Continuous photocatalytic fuel production over wide-bandgap metal oxides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283263.
Анотація:
La fotosíntesi artificial ha estat proposada com una de les possibles solucions als problemes energètics i de matèries primes d’origen químic per a fer front, de forma anticipada, a l’esgotament dels combustibles d’origen fòssil en un futur proper. Aquesta tesis doctoral tracta l’estudi de catalitzadors prometedors i el disseny de reactors per a realçar l’eficiència de reacció i entendre l’origen de l’activitat fotocatalítica. Un sistema de reacció en flux continu va ser dissenyat i construït per a estudiar el procés de fotoreducció del CO2 amb aigua i l’electròlisi fotocatalítica de l’aigua. L’activitat fotocatalítica d’òxids conductors de banda prohibida (bandgap) àmplia tals com, TiO2, Ta2O5, MTaO3 (M = Na, K), i Ga2O3 va ser avaluada mitjançant l’ús de dos tipus de reactors; més concretament, reactors en suspensió i en fase gas, respectivament. Làmpades de mercuri d’alta pressió van ser utilitzades coma fonts de llum. Els efectes dels co-catalitzadors (Pt i Rh-Cr) i dopant (Zn), en la formació de productes en la fase gas, va ser investigada. A partir de catalitzadors basats en TiO2, H2 i CH4 van ser detectats i quantificats. L’activitat va ser, pràcticament, de naturalesa transitòria (desactivació). Encara més important, aquest treball va elucidar que l’activitat podia ser recuperada en la foscor (sense irradiació) en la mescla de CO2 i H2O. El procés de recuperació va ser més eficient a altes temperatures. Estudis DRIFTS in situ van permetre millorar el coneixement en respecte al procés de recuperació sobre Pt/TiO2. Materials basats en òxids de Ta y Ga, co-modificats amb Zn i Rh-Cr, van exhibir una alta activitat global per al procés d’electròlisi de l’aigua, mentre que cap activitat per a la reducció de CO2 va ser observada. Tècniques fotofísiques van ser emprades per a identificar els rols clau de la promoció amb Zn i Rh-Cr en l’increment de l’activitat catalítica i la producció d’oxigen.La fotosíntesis artificial ha sido propuesta como una de las posibles soluciones a los problemas energéticos y de materias primas de origen químico para hacer frente, de forma anticipada, al agotamiento de los combustibles fósiles en un futuro cercano. Esta tesis doctoral trata el estudio de catalizadores prometedores y el diseño de reactores para realzar la eficiencia de reacción y entender el origen de la actividad fotocatalítica. Un sistema de reacción en flujo continuo fue diseñado y construido para estudiar la fotoreducción de CO2 con agua y la electrolisis fotocatalítica del agua. La actividad fotocatalítica de óxidos conductores de banda prohibida (bandgap) ancha tales como TiO2, Ta2O5, MTaO3 (M = Na, K), y Ga2O3 fue evaluada mediante el uso de dos tipos de reactores; más concretamente, reactores en suspensión y en fase gas, respectivamente. Lámparas de mercurio de alta presión fueron utilizadas como fuentes de luz. Los efectos de los co-catalizadores (Pt y Rh-Cr) y dopante (Zn) en la formación de productos en la fase gas fue investigada. A partir de catalizadores basados en TiO2, H2 y CH4 fueron detectados y cuantificados. La actividad fue, prácticamente, de naturaleza transitoria (desactivación). Aún más importante, este trabajo elucidó que la actividad podía ser recuperada en la oscuridad (sin irradiación) en la mezcla de CO2 y H2O. El proceso de recuperación fue más eficiente a altas temperaturas. Estudios DRIFTS in situ permitieron mejorar el conocimiento en respecto el proceso de recuperación sobre Pt/TiO2. Materiales basados en óxidos de Ta y Ga, co-modificados con Zn y Rh-Cr, exhibieron una alta actividad global para el proceso de electrolisis del agua, mientras que ninguna actividad para la reducción de CO2 fue observada. Técnicas fotofísicas fueron empleadas para identificar los roles clave de la promoción con Zn y Rh-Cr en el incremento de la actividad catalítica y la producción de oxígeno.
Artificial photosynthesis has been proposed as one of the possible solutions to the energetic and chemical-feedstock problems to cope with the anticipated near future depletion of fossil fuel resources. This doctoral thesis deals with the study of promising catalysts and reactor designs to enhance the reaction efficiency and understand the origin of photocatalytic activity. A continuous flow reaction system was designed and constructed to study CO2 photoreduction with H2O and photocatalytic water splitting. Photocatalytic activity of wide-bandgap semiconductor oxides such as TiO2, Ta2O5, MTaO3 (M = Na, K), and Ga2O3 was evaluated by using two different reactors, namely slurry and gas phase reactors. High pressure mercury lamps were used as the light source. Effects of co-catalysts (Pt and Rh-Cr) and dopants (Zn) on gas phase products evolution were investigated. From TiO2-based catalysts, H2 and CH4 were detected and quantified. The activity was mostly of a transient nature (deactivating). Importantly this work elucidated that the activity could be recovered in the dark (without irradiation) in the mixture of CO2 and H2O. The recovery process was more efficient at higher temperatures. In situ DRIFTS study gained mechanistic insights into the recovery process over Pt/TiO2. Ta and Ga oxides-based materials, co-modified with Zn and Rh-Cr, exhibited high overall steady-state water splitting activity, whereas no CO2 reduction activity was observed. Photophysic techniques were used to identify the key roles of Zn and Ru-Cr promotion in boosting catalytic activity and oxygen production.
33
Tusell, Palomero Llibertat. "Exploring the genetics of the efficiency of fertile AI dose production in rabbits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/11842.
Анотація:
Exploring the genetics of the efficiency of fertile AI dose production in rabbits
The general aim of this thesis has been to analyse sources of variation for some of the most important components of fertile artificial insemination (AI) dose production in order to explore the interest and limitations of different strategies for their genetic improvement in a paternal line of rabbits selected for growth rate. These components refer to seminal production and quality traits, being considered the male reproductive performance (fertility and prolificacy) as the final expression of the effect of the seminal characteristics and the effect of the interaction among them and with the female.
Genetic analyses of the seminal traits involved in AI dose production and growth rate were modelled using threshold and linear multiple-trait mixed models. Relationship between fertility and pH of the semen was analysed either using mixed or recursive mixed models. Male and female genetic contributions to fertility were estimated using additive or product threshold models and both models were compared by its ability of predicting fertility data. Existence of genotype x artificial insemination conditions for male effect on fertility and prolificacy was estimated under a Character state model. Finally, the product threshold model was used for estimating separately the effect of the environmental temperature on male and on female contributions to fertility. All inferences of this thesis have been done under a Bayesian approach.
Male libido and variables related to the quality of the ejaculate such as presence of
urine and calcium carbonates in the ejaculate, individual sperm motility, semen pH and
suitability for AI of the ejaculate (which involves the subjective combination of several semen
quality traits) were found to be lowly heritable, but repeatable.Tusell Palomero, L. (2011). Exploring the genetics of the efficiency of fertile AI dose production in rabbits [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11842
Palancia
34
Amakali, Simaneka. "Development of models for short-term load forecasting using artificial neural networks." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1070.
Анотація:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Discipline Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2008Optimal daily operation of electric power generating plants is very essential for any power utility organization to reduce input costs and possibly the prices of electricity in general. For a fossil fuel – fired power plant for example, the benefits of power generation optimalization (i.e. generate what is reasonably required) extends even to environmental issues such as the subsequent reduction in air pollution. Now to generate “what is reasonably required” one needs forecast the future electricity demands. Because power generation relies heavily on the electricity demand, the consumers are also practically speaking required to wisely manage their loads to consolidate the power utility’s optimal power generation efforts. Thus, for both cases, accurate and reliable electric load forecasting systems are absolutely required. To date, there are numerous forecasting methods developed primarily for electric load forecasting. Some of these forecasting techniques are conventional and often less favoured. To get a broad picture of the problem at hand, a literature survey was first conducted to identify possible drawbacks of the existing forecasting techniques including the conventional one. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) approach for short-term load forecasting (STLF) has been recently proposed by a majority of researchers. But there still is a need to find optimal neural network structures or convenient training approach that would possibly improve the forecasting accuracy. This thesis developed models for STLF using ANNs approach. The evolved models are intended to be a basis for real forecasting application. These models are tested using actual load data of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) Bellville campus reticulation network and weather data to predict the load of the campus for one week in advance. The models were divided into two classes: first, forecasting the load for a whole week at once was evaluated, and then hourly models were studied. In both cases, the inclusion of weather data was considered. The test results showed that the hour-by-hour approach is more suitable and efficient for a forecasting application. The work suggests that incremental training approach of a neural network model should be implemented for on-line testing application to acquire a universal final view on its applicability. Keywords – power system operations, load forecasting, artificial neural networks, training mode, accuracy
35
Caserta, Giorgio. "Chemical maturation of hydrogenases : an insight into artificial and biohybrid systems." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066701/document.
Анотація:
Le développement d’une économie basée sur l’hydrogène implique l’utilisation de catalyseurs efficaces et peu chers. Pour cela on peut s’inspirer de la nature qui a produit des métalloenzymes, les hydrogénases. On considère que la maturation est réalisée en deux étapes. Dans un premier temps, les clusters [4Fe–4S] sont assemblés par les systèmes ISC/SUF. Puis trois maturases, HydE/F/G réalisent la biosynthèse du 2Fe sous-cluster pour synthétiser le cluster-H. Seules quelques hydrogénases à [FeFe] ont été caractérisées montrant une grande diversité alors qu’elles possèdent le même centre catalytique, le cluster-H. Ainsi, une partie de cette thèse a porté sur l’utilisation de la «maturation chimique» pour activer de nouvelles enzymes apo-HydA. L’hydrogénase provenant de Megasphaera elsdenii, et sa version tronquée, MeH-HydA, contenant seulement le domaine du cluster-H ont été étudiées grâce à cette technique. La stratégie mise en œuvre a été la reconstitution des cofacteurs métalliques par l’assemblage des clusters [4Fe–4S] et la maturation des enzymes par le complexe biomimétique [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2–. Les hybrides HydF synthétisés en incubant la protéine contenant le cluster [4Fe–4S] avec les complexes biomimétiques [Fe2(xdt)(CO)4(CN)2]2– possèdent un centre à 6 fers similaire au cluster-H. Cette grande similarité amène au dernier point traité dans cette thèse: la possible activité catalytique d’HydF en tant que «hydrogénase artificielle». Les hybrides de HydF ont été caractérisés et leur activité d’hydrogénase a été évaluée. De plus, une structure RX de la protéine contenant son cluster [4Fe-4S] a été obtenueThere is a general agreement that the building of a sustainable H2 economy relies on the availability of cheap, abundant and efficient catalysts. Nature has provided attractive solutions, hydrogenases. However, these enzymes are difficult to produce and so far only few HydAs have been completely characterized showing diversity despite the same active site. This core, H-cluster, is composed of a [4Fe–4S] cluster bound via a Cys to a diiron complex which has 3 CO, 2 CN and an azadithiolate ligands. Recently, it has been showed that hydrogenases can be easily produced through the insertion of a biomimetic [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2– complex inside the heterologously produced apo-enzyme, resulting in a full activation. Part of the PhD has been focused on the chemical maturation of new HydA from Megasphaera elsdenii and its truncated version, MeH-HydA, containing only the H-cluster. The assembly of all metal cofactors via the chemical reconstitution of the [Fe–S] clusters and the maturation through the [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2–complex has been carried out. Interestingly, HydF hybrids synthesized incorporating biomimetic [Fe2(xdt)(CO)4(CN)2]2– complexes onto the [4Fe–4S] cluster HydF protein, have a 6Fe core reminiscent of the H-cluster. HydFs from different organisms were purified and subsequently the [4Fe–4S] cluster has been reconstituted. For the first time, an X-ray structure of HydF with its [4Fe-4S] cluster has been obtained. The 6Fe cluster of HydF has been also prepared chemically with diiron complexes mimicking the active site of HydA. The metallo-cofactors have been spectroscopically characterized (EPR, FTIR, HYSCORE), hydrogenase activities evaluated
36
Thompson, Lisa Colleen. "Abundance and production of zooplankton and kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Kootenay Lake, British Columbia during artificial fertilization." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ46434.pdf.
37
PATEL, SHARMILA, and MARIAM RABIZADEGAN. "Moving Toward Green Production Systems in the Pharmaceutical Industry : Implementing Artificial Intelligence to Increase Environmental Efforts in SMEs." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300124.
Анотація:
The pharmaceutical sector is important for human health due to the increasing demand for medical products but is also a pollution and waste intensive industry. There is an urgent need for the industry to review its environmental footprints and simultaneously consider the industrial transformation called Industry 4.0. This is especially true for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). To achieve these objectives, it is presumed that artificial intelligence (AI) will have an important role. This thesis sets out to identify barriers that pharmaceutical SMEs may encounter when implementing AI to improve environmental efforts. Furthermore, due to the lack of efficient tools the Green Performance Map is analyzed to see if additional value in the design phase and running of a production system can be obtained. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as this thesis is a case study and follows an inductive process. Other qualitative data and literature were used to investigate the research questions. The results indicate that organizational, resource, regulatory and knowledge specific factors can create barriers. Furthermore, there are indications that the Green Performance Map will be useful in both the design phase and running of a production system, this is however dependent on the resources.Läkemedelssektorn är viktig för människans hälsa på grund av den ökade efterfrågan av medicinska produkter men bidrar även till stora mängder avfall och föroreningar. Det finns ett akut behov att industrin granskar sina miljöavtryck och samtidigt överväger den industriella omvandlingen som kallas Industri 4.0. Detta gäller särskilt för små och medelstora företag. För att uppnå dessa mål kan Artificiell Intelligens (AI) komma att ha en betydelsefull roll. Detta examensarbete syftar till att identifiera de hinder som små och medelstora läkemedelsföretag kan stöta på när de implementerar AI för att förbättra sitt miljöarbete. På grund av brist på effektiva verktyg analyseras dessutom Green Performance Map för att se om ett mervärde i designfasen och under driften av produktionssystemet kan erhållas. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes då examensarbetet är en fallstudie och följer en induktiv process. Kvalitativa data och litteratur användes för att undersöka forskningsfrågorna. Resultatet indikerar att organisatoriska, resurs-, reglerings- och kunskapsspecifika faktorer kan skapa barriärer. Dessutom, finns det indikatorer på att Green Performance Map kommer vara användbart både i designfasen och när produktionssystemet är i drift, detta är dock beroende på nivån av resurser.
38
Tran, Thu-Trang. "Electron and multielectron reaction characterizations in molecular photosystems by laser flash photolysis, towards energy production by artificial photosynthesis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS320.
Анотація:
La demande énergétique de l’humanité augmente rapidement et ne montre aucun signe de ralentissement. Parallèlement à cette problématique, l'utilisation abusive de combustibles fossiles est l'une des principales causes d'augmentation de la concentration de CO₂ dans l'atmosphère. Ces problèmes doivent être résolus en termes de limitation des émissions de CO₂ et de recherche de sources d'énergie renouvelables pour remplacer les combustibles fossiles. De nos jours, l’énergie solaire est l’une des sources d’énergie renouvelables les plus efficaces. La conversion de l'énergie de la lumière solaire en électricité dans le photovoltaïque ou en énergie chimique par le biais de processus photocatalytiques implique invariablement un transfert d'énergie photo-induit et un transfert d'électrons. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier les processus photo-induits dans les photosystèmes moléculaires utilisant la photolyse par flash laser. Le premier thème de cette thèse porte sur l’étude du transfert monoélectronique dans des systèmes de dyades donneur-accepteur en vue d’optimiser l’efficacité de la séparation des charges et de son application dans la cellule solaire organique photovoltaïque. Le deuxième thème de cette thèse porte sur l’étude de deux systèmes modèles de photosynthèse artificielle étudiés pour la possibilité d’une accumulation de charge par étapes. Ensuite, différents systèmes photocatalytiques, développés pour la photoréduction du CO₂, ont été étudiés. La compréhension des processus photo-induits devraient permettre l’amélioration de l'efficacité de la réduction du CO₂ dans les systèmes photocatalytiques pratiquesThe energy demand of humanity is increasing rapidly, and shows no signs of slowing. Alongside this issue, abuse using fossil fuels is one of the main reasons which leads to an increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration. These problems have to be solved in terms of both limiting CO₂ emission and finding renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Nowadays, solar energy appears as one of the most effective renewable energy sources. Conversion of solar light energy to electricity in photovoltaics or to chemical energy through photocatalytic processes invariably involves photoinduced energy transfer and electron transfer. In this context, the aim of the thesis focuses on studying photoinduced processes in molecular photosystems using laser flash photolysis. The first theme of this thesis focus on studying single electron transfer in Donor-Acceptor Dyad systems towards optimization efficiency of charge separation and application in the photovoltaic organic solar cell. In the second theme of this thesis, two model systems of artificial photosynthesis were investigated to assess the possibility of stepwise charge accumulation on model molecules. A fairly good global yield of approximately 9% for the two charge accumulation on MV²⁺ molecule was achieved. Then, different photocatalytic systems, which have developed for CO₂ reduction, were studied. Understanding of the photoinduced processes is an important step toward improving the efficiency of reduction of CO₂ in practical photocatalytic systems
39
Di, Nisio Andrea. "Evolutionary consequences of producing competitive ejaculates: insights from an artificial selection study for sperm production on Poecilia reticulata." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424544.
Анотація:
The aim of my study was to investigate the maintenance of variability for sperm production in the guppy, P. reticulata. Sperm number, which is the main determinant of SC outcome in the Trinidadian guppy population studied in my lab, shows high additive genetic variance despite strong directional selection and very high sire heritability and stronger condition dependence than other ejaculate traits; furthermore, multiply mated females produce higher quality offspring, suggesting that sperm c ompetition, and hence sperm number, may mediate genetic benefits to the female. To clarify the evolutionary processes associated with sperm allocation, I used bi-directional artificial selection for sperm production to 1) estimate the genetic correlations between sperm production and other sexually and naturally selected traits in both males and females; 2) investigate whether sperm production is associated with the rate of senescence and longevity; 3) estimate the contribution of partially recessive deleterious mutations to phenotypic variation in sperm productionLo scopo di questa tesi è quello di valutare, in una specie nella quale sono noti in modo dettagliato i meccanismi di selezione sessuale pre- e postcopulatoria, le conseguenze evolutive dell’investimento maschile nella produzione di spermi, il principale carattere che predice il successo di competizione spermatica in questa specie. Considerazioni teoriche suggeriscono che l'allocazione differenziale in caratteri pre e post-copulatori costituisca un constraint evolutivo cruciale nell’ambito della selezione sessuale. A dispetto di questo mancano studi nei quali l’analisi di questi gruppi di caratteri sia valutata contemporaneamente in modo integrato. A questo scopo è stato effettuato un esperimento di selezione artificiale bidirezionale per la produzione spermatica al fine di: 1) Determinare se la selezione artificiale per la produzione di spermi ha un effetto correlato sull’espressione degli altri caratteri post-copulatori (velocità, vitalità e morfologia degli spermi). 2) Determinare se la selezione artificiale per la produzione di spermi ha un effetto correlato sull’espressione dei caratteri pre-copulatori, in particolare del pattern di colorazione del maschio, del comportamento sessuale e del grado di preferenza esercitato dalle femmine sul maschio. 3) Determinare se la selezione artificiale per la produzione di spermi ha un effetto correlato sulla fitness non riproduttiva del maschio, stimata sul tasso dl accrescimento, sulla taglia a maturità, e sulla sopravvivenza. 4) Determinare se la selezione artificiale per la produzione di spermi ha un effetto correlato sulla fitness delle femmine. A questo scopo sarà determinato il tasso di accrescimento, la fecondità e la condizione nelle femmine. 5) Determinare se un maggior investimento riproduttivo in età giovanile comporta dei costi in età avanzata a causa di una maggior senescenza e una ridotta longevità. 6) Determinare se una maggior produzione di spermi riflette una maggior qualità genetica del maschio attraverso un minor carico di mutazioni recessive deleterie espresse in importanti caratteri della fitness sia maschile (produzione di spermi, colorazione corporea, condizione) che femminile (fecondità), portate in omozigosi attraverso un esperimento di inbreeding sulle linee selezionate artificialmente
40
Williams, Megan Ann Cannon. "A Perceptual Evaluation of the Effect of a Pseudopalate on Voiceless Obstruent Production and Motor Adaptation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1724.
Анотація:
Electropalatography (EPG) has proven to be a useful clinical and research tool for measuring tongue-to-palate contact. Research has shown sensorimotor adaptation to an EPG device may be possible following a short period of speech practice. This study was developed in order to better understand how a listeners' perception of speech clarity is effected by the presence of a relatively thin artificial pseudopalate in the speakers' oral cavity. Twenty listeners rated 220 speech stimuli on a visual analog scale ranging from normal to very distorted speech clarity. The stimuli included two different American English sentences. Speech clarity ratings were looked at as a function of the gender of the listener, the gender of the speaker, the type of speech sounds being heard, and the ability of the speakers to adapt their articulatory patterns over a period of 20 minutes. The results indicated that with the pseudopalate in place male speakers were generally rated by the listeners as having more distorted speech articulation than female speakers, especially for stop-loaded sentences. Overall, fricative-loaded sentences received higher articulation ratings than stop-loaded sentences. Finally, an adaptation period of 20 minutes showed significant improvement in speech articulation in comparison to ratings immediately following pseudopalate placement, however speech remained significantly distorted.
41
Ramey, Aaron Thomson. "Optimizing production methods for artificial silk proteins through bioreactor and purification studies of recombinant proteins expressed from Pichia pastoris." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175185569/.
42
Bacchi, Marine. "Hydrogénases artificielles : nouveaux catalyseurs biosynthétiques pour la production d'hydrogène." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949342.
Анотація:
A l'heure actuelle la recherche de nouvelles ressources énergétiques est un domaine en plein développement. Dans ce cadre, l'hydrogène moléculaire y a toute sa place et sera un vecteur énergétique majeur du XXIème siècle en permettant le stockage des énergies renouvelables. Cependant son utilisation est pour l'instant limitée à cause du coût élevé de sa production, industriellement basée sur le platine comme catalyseur. Un des enjeux majeurs de ce siècle est donc de trouver de nouveaux catalyseurs performants pour la production d'hydrogène et dont le coût soit suffisamment faible pour permettre un développement industriel. Les hydrogénases sont des enzymes catalysant la réduction de protons en hydrogène avec une grande efficacité et en conditions douces. Leurs sites actifs sont basés sur des métaux abondants comme le nickel ou le fer et ont des activités similaires au platine dans certaines conditions. Cependant quelques inconvénients, comme leur inactivation par l'oxygène ou encore le fait qu'il soit assez difficile de les produire sous forme active, limitent leur utilisation technologique. Dans ce contexte, la chimie bio-inspirée et la chimie biomimétique sont particulièrement prometteuses : prenant exemple sur la nature et plus particulièrement sur les sites actifs enzymatiques, elles permettent de développer de nouvelles familles de catalyseurs. On a pu ainsi développer des complexes dinucléaire nickel-fer ou encore des complexes de cobalt ayant une activité dans la catalyse de réduction de protons. Certains complexes de cobalt, les cobaloximes et les complexes diimine dioxime de cobalt ont ainsi montré de bonnes activités dans la réduction de protons en milieux organiques ou mixtes organiques/eau. Jusqu'alors cependant peu d'études ont été effectuées en milieux complétement aqueux. Nous pouvons aller plus loin dans cette démarche via une approche dite biosynthétique, qui vise à incorporer des catalyseurs inorganiques dans des enveloppes protéiques. Ces enveloppes protéiques peuvent, par différentes interactions, potentiellement améliorer la solubilité et la stabilité dans l'eau des catalyseurs inorganiques. La thèse qui suit se concentre sur cette approche et plus particulièrement sur la production, la caractérisation et l'étude de nouveaux hybrides entre différentes hémoprotéines (myoglobine et hème oxygénase en particulier) et différents complexes de cobalt (cobaloximes et complexe diimine dioxime de cobalt). Après avoir mis au point un protocole pour la production et la purification de la myoglobine de cachalot sans son cofacteur héminique, nous nous sommes intéressés à préparer et caractériser différents hybrides. Nous avons pu montrer par ce travail que les hémoprotéines dépourvues de leur cofacteur biologique ont une affinité particulière pour les complexes de cobalt et que la coordination de ces complexes inorganiques se fait via une seule histidine de la protéine hôte. Les hybrides ainsi obtenus ont montré une grande stabilité en solution. En plus de l'ajout d'un ligand histidine en axial du cobalt, l'enveloppe protéique permet de moduler la seconde sphère de coordination. Nous avons pu montrer au cours de ce projet que la nature de la protéine hôte module les caractéristiques spectroscopiques et électrochimiques du complexe de cobalt. Enfin ces hybrides ont montré d'une manière générale une activité catalytique pour la production et la photoproduction d'hydrogène dans l'eau, là encore avec une nette influence de la protéine hôte sur l'activité du complexe. Nous avons donc au cours de cette thèse préparé et caractérisé des systèmes hybrides pouvant être qualifiés d'hydrogénases artificielles.
43
Queyriaux, Nicolas. "Vers la construction d'une photocathode de production d'hydrogène par une approche moléculaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV033/document.
Анотація:
Alors que les besoins en énergie de nos sociétés modernes ne cessent de croître, et que la prise en compte des enjeux environnementaux occupe une place de plus en plus importante dans le développement de nouvelles technologies, la mise au point de procédés de production d’hydrogène utilisant des ressources renouvelables, telles que le rayonnement solaire comme source d'énergie ou l’eau comme donneur d’électrons et de protons, est un enjeu de toute première nécessité. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans la continuité des études menées au sein de l’équipe « SolHyCat » du Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux sur le développement de systèmes électro- et photocatalytiques pour la réduction des protons en H2. Dans cette perspective, nous avons ainsi contribué à l’élaboration d’une photocathode moléculaire de production de H2 à travers la compréhension de différents paramètres moléculaires relatifs à sa construction. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la construction d’un lien covalent entre un motif photosensibilisateur et un centre catalytique de réduction des protons via la synthèse de dyades modèles. En parallèle, nous avons développé une méthodologie de synthèse permettant l’introduction de groupements d’ancrage robustes dans la sphère de coordination de photosensibilisateurs métallo-organiques. Enfin, l'étude des propriétés électrochimiques d'une nouvelle série de catalyseurs de réduction des protons à sphère de coordination polypyridinique a été étudiéeThere is an urgent need to provide solutions for the energetic challenge our planet has to face. The production of “environmentally friendly” fuels such as dihydrogen H2 through sunlight-driven water splitting holds great promise. Hydrogen is indeed a carbon-free energy carrier that can be stored and used on request to produce electricity thanks to the mature fuel cell technology. Moreover, water and solar energy form the ideal couple for H2 production because they are both readily available and their use is considered to be safe for the environment. The design and study of molecular photocatalytic systems for H2 evolution from water has therefore been the subject of intensive research interest in the last decade and their implementation into functional dye-sensitized photoelectrocatalytic cells recently appeared in the literature. It is nevertheless necessary to optimize the efficiency of these molecular systems in order to reach the targeted solar-to-hydrogen conversion yield. In that context, this PhD thesis aimed at getting a better understanding of parameters relevant for the optimization of molecular H2-evolving photocathodes: first, different coupling strategies have been studied to covalently assemble a light-harvesting unit with a redox-active moiety; second, a synthetic methodology allowing introduction of robust anchoring groups in the coordination sphere of ruthenium photosensitizers has been widely studied and the first photoelectrodes characterized; finally, a new series of proton reduction catalysts featuring a polypyridinic ligand has been investigated, allowing important kinetic and mechanistic insights to be obtained
44
Fredriksson, Karl. "Autonomous transportation for a Swedish production facility : Mapping the technological and regulatory hurdles." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84839.
Анотація:
The technology of autonomous vehicles has the potential to provide a significant number of safety, efficiency and environmental benefits to those who are able to harness it. As such, it is only natural that the company which is the subject of this project should want to explore this field, since the company prides itself on being at the cutting edge of both environmental sustainability and technological advancement. This inquiry was therefore launched in order to amass a sufficient knowledge base to enable management to make informed decisions about the possible future implementation of autonomous trucks, specifically to handle the logistics flow between their production facility in Skellefteå, Sweden and the nearby harbour. The first step to achieving this objective consisted of an exploration of the state of autonomous vehicle technology as well as the regulatory framework in Sweden for operating such systems on public roadways. Information was gathered from a vast array of sources, including academic literature, official reports from various authorities, journalistic publications as well as interviews with individuals with competence or experience within this field. While the regulatory situation in Sweden at the moment offers no legal way to operate autonomous vehicles on public roads, it is possible to be granted permission to perform trials of this technology under certain conditions. An investigation was undertaken to determine whether this might be a viable option for the company’s case. As such, hazard analysis was performed on the proposed route in Skellefteå. The method for this was based off of methodology gained from sources who had previously executed safety cases for trials of autonomous technology. A list of potential hazards relevant to the operation of autonomous vehicles was composed, together with variables with which to measure their severity. The relevance and appropriate scope of these hazards and variables was then verified by discussing it with sources with competence in this field. The route was then travelled in order to observe the prevalence of the aforementioned variables. The information was completed and verified through various reports gathered from the Swedish Transport Administration and the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The result of the inquiry was that the autonomous technology on the market today is not sufficiently advanced to handle the specified application with an adequate level of safety. The route is also of limited use in establishing trials for testing of autonomous vehicles. While there are uses for autonomous transportation technology, great breakthroughs are needed before the technology reaches the level needed to handle such complex challenges as would be encountered on the proposed application.Självkörande fordon är en teknologi som visar potential för betydande fördelar inom säkerhet, effektivitet och miljömässigt för dem som kan tygla den. Det framstår därför som naturligt att uppdragsgivaren till detta projekt skulle vara intresserad av denna teknik, då företaget är känt för att vara vid både miljö- och teknikfrågornas framkant. Därför lanserades detta utredningsarbete för att sammanställa tillräcklig kunskap för att kunna ta informerade beslut om en potentiell implementering av ett autonomt transportsystem från deras fabrik i Skellefteå till Skelleftehamn. Denna utredning började med att kartlägga hur autonoma fordonstekniken ser ut idag, samt de regulatoriska möjligheterna att driva autonoma system på allmän väg I Sverige. Informationen samlades från en mängd olika källor, inklusive akademisk litteratur, rapporter från officiella källor, journalistiska källor samt från intervjuer med personer som besitter kompentens och erfarenhet av ämnet. Emedan den regulatoriska situationen i Sverige för stunden inte medger något lagligt sätt att operera självkörande fordon på allmän väg så finns det möjlighet att få tillstånd att utföra försöksverksamhet med sådana fordon så länge vissa villkor uppfylls. En utredning genomfördes för att fastslå om sådan verksamhet skulle kunna vara relevant i företagets fall. I och med detta så utfördes en riskanalys på den föreslagna rutten i Skellefteå. Metoden för dess utförande baserades på metodologi som hämtades från källor som tidigare hade utfört säkerhetsbevisningar för försöksverksamhet på autonoma fordon. En lista av möjliga risker framtogs, tillsammans med mätpunkter vilka skulle kunna användas för att fastslå deras betydelse för autonom fordonteknologi. Dessa riskers relevans och lämpligheten av dess omfattning diskuterades därefter med källor med kompetens inom området. Sedan besöktes rutten för att observationer om mätpunkternas förekomst kunde utföras. Informationen kompletterades och verifierades därefter med information från ett antal rapporter från Trafikverket och Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut. Det man kommit fram till är att det idag inte finns något autonomt fordonssystem som är tillräckligt avancerat att klara rutten mellan fabriken och hamnen med god nog säkerhet. Rutten är dessutom av begränsat värde vad det gäller att testa sådana system. Även om det finns autonoma system i operation i dagsläget så ligger dock tekniken långt under den nivå som skulle behövas för att ta sig an de utmaningar som skulle uppstå I det föreslagna användningsområdet.
45
Giannoudis, Emmanouil. "Construction de photocathodes de production d'hydrogène optimisées par une approche moléculaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALV005.pdf.
Анотація:
La production de combustibles solaires dans une cellule photoélectrochimique à colorant dégageant de l'hydrogène, où se produit la division de l'eau en H2 et O2 est une méthode intéressante pour répondre aux futures demandes énergétiques et faire face aux problèmes environnementaux liés à la combustion de combustibles fossiles. Le groupe a construit une photocathode NiO DS fonctionnelle pour l'évolution de H2, une contrepartie du dispositif en tandem, basée sur le premier assemblage colorant-catalyseur covalent sans métal noble. Ici, nous rapportons la synthèse et la caractérisation de deux nouveaux assemblages colorant-catalyseur, tous deux reposant sur le même photosensibilisateur au ruthénium. La première dyade est basée sur le complexe cobalt diimine-dioxime précédemment utilisé par le groupe et la seconde sur un complexe cobalt tétraazomacrocyclique. Des expériences photoélectrochimiques dans des conditions identiques nous ont permis de corréler les performances avec le choix du photosensibilisateur et du catalyseur. Le ruthénium a surpassé les photocathodes d'activité à base de colorants organiques. La spectroélectrochimie d'absorption transitoire a révélé qu'un facteur limitant de l'activité de nos systèmes est le transfert thermique d'électrons du colorant réduit à l'unité catalytique. De plus, l'analyse post-operando a montré que la désorption de l'architecture moléculaire de la surface et la décomposition du cobalt diimine-dioxime limitent également l'efficacité. Le deuxième assemblage colorant-catalyseur présente le TON plus élevé jamais rapporté pour les photocathodes à dégagement d'hydrogène sensibilisées aux colorants, ce qui implique que des catalyseurs plus stables et plus robustes sont d'une importance significative. Enfin, la deuxième dyade était fonctionnelle pour la réduction du CO2 PEC en CO sous milieu aqueux avec des résultats préliminaires prometteursProduction of solar fuels in a dye-sensitized hydrogen-evolving photoelectrochemical cell, where splitting of water into H2 and O2 occurs is an attractive method in order to fulfill future energy demands and face the environmental problems arising by the combustion of fossil fuels. The group constructed a functional NiO DS-photocathode for H2 evolution, a counterpart of the tandem device, based on the first noble metal-free covalent dye-catalyst assembly. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of two novel dye-catalyst assemblies, both relying on the same ruthenium photosensitizer. The first dyad is based on the cobalt diimine-dioxime complex previously employed by the group and the second one on a cobalt tetraazomacrocyclic complex. Photoelectrochemical experiments under identical conditions enabled us to correlate the performance with the choice of the photosensitizer and the catalyst. Ruthenium outperformed in activity photocathodes based on organic dyes. Transient absorption spectroelectrochemistry revealed that one limiting factor for the activity of our systems is the thermal electron transfer from the reduced dye to the catalytic unit. In addition, post-operando analysis showed that desorption of the molecular architecture from the surface and decomposition of the cobalt diimine-dioxime also limits the efficiency. The second dye-catalyst assembly exhibits the higher TON ever reported for dye-sensitized hydrogen-evolving photocathodes, implying that more stable and robust catalysts are of significant importance. Finally, the second dyad was functional for PEC CO2 reduction to CO under aqueous media with promising preliminary results
46
Fontaine, Nicolas. "Modélisation de système synthétique pour la production de biohydrogène." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0016/document.
Анотація:
L'épuisement annoncé dans les prochaines décennies des ressources fossiles qui fournissent actuellement plus de 70% du carburant consommé dans les transports terrestres, aériens et maritimes au niveau mondial, incite à l'identification et le développement de nouvelles sources d'énergies renouvelables. La production de biocarburants issue de l'exploitation de la biomasse représente une des voies de recherche les plus prometteuses. Si la première génération des biocarburants (production à partir de plantes sucrières, de céréales ou d'oléagineux) atteint ses limites (concurrence avec les usages alimentaires, en particulier), la deuxième génération, produite à partir de ressources carbonées non alimentaires (lignocellulosique, mélasse, vinasse...), pourrait prendre le relais, une fois que les procédés de conversion seront suffisamment maîtrisés. À plus long terme, une troisième génération pourrait voir le jour, qui reposerait sur l'exploitation de la biomasse marine (microalgues, en particulier) mais où de nombreux verrous restent toutefois à lever : optimisation des procédés de culture et de récolte, extraction à coût réduit, optimisation des voies métaboliques etc. Il est à retenir que la stratégie nationale de recherche et d'innovation (SNRI) a retenu quatre « domaines clés » pour l'énergie : le nucléaire, le solaire photovoltaïque, les biocarburants de deuxième génération et les énergies marines. Ceux-ci sont complétés, au nom de leur contribution potentielle à la lutte contre le changement climatique, par le stockage du CO2, la conversion de l'énergie (dont les piles à combustible) et l'hydrogène. Le présent projet de recherche s'intéresse à explorer des voies d'amélioration de l'efficacité de la biotransformation de matière organique non alimentaire de nature industrielle en biocarburants de deuxième génération. En particulier, on s'intéressera à deux aspects complémentaires : l'optimisation des organismes microbiens et des voies métaboliques pour l'amélioration du rendement biologique de fabrication de biocarburants ; l'optimisation des procédés de mise en culture des microorganismes et d'extraction des biocarburant. Le projet de thèse consiste à mettre en œuvre les biotechnologies blanches, la biologie de synthèse et le génie des procédés pour la caractérisation de souches bactériennes, de leurs voies métaboliques et de prototypes expérimentaux pour la fabrication de biocarburants, de méthane et d'hydrogène à partir de rejets provenant de l'industrie sucrière de La Réunion, à savoir la mélasse ou la vinasse. Ce projet permettrait d'envisager de nouvelles perspectives de valorisation pour ces déchets industriels et de participer à la construction, à terme, d'une industrie réunionnaise durable des biocarburants et de l'hydrogèneHydrogen is a candidate for the next generation fuel with a high energy density and an environment friendly behavior in the energy production phase. Micro-organism based biological production of hydrogen currently suffers low hydrogen production yields because the living cells must sustain different cellular activities other than the hydrogen production to survive. To circumvent this, a team have designed a synthetic cell-free system by combining 13 different enzymes to synthesize hydrogen from cellobiose. This assembly has better yield than microorganism-based systems. We used methods based on differential equations calculations to investigate how the initial conditions and the kinetic parameters of the enzymes influenced the productivity of a such system and, through simulations, to identify those conditions that would optimize hydrogen production starting with cellobiose as substrate. Further, if the kinetic parameters of the component enzymes of such a system are not known, we showed how, using artificial neural network, it is possible to identify alternative models that allow to have an idea of the kinetics of hydrogen production. During our study on the system using cellobiose, other cell-free assemblies were engineered to produce hydrogen from different raw materials. Interested in the reconstruction of synthetic systems, we decided to conceive various tools to help the automation of the assembly and the modelling of these new synthetic networks. This work demonstrates how modeling can help in designing and characterizing cell-free systems in synthetic biology
47
Di, Biase Andrea <1979>. "Controlled reproduction in Anguilla anguilla (L.): advanced studies on broodstock management, spawning techniques and system design for artificial seed production." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7036/1/Di_Biase_Andrea_tesi.pdf.
Анотація:
The thesis aims to expose the advances achieved in the practices of captive breeding of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Aspects investigated concern both approaches livestock (breeding selection, response to hormonal stimulation, reproductive performance, incubation of eggs) and physiological aspects (endocrine plasma profiles of players), as well as engineering aspects.
Studies conducted on various populations of wild eel have shown that the main determining factor in the selection of wild females destined to captive breeding must be the Silver Index which may determine the stage of pubertal development.
The hormonal induction protocol adopted, with increasing doses of carp pituitary extract, it has proven useful to ovarian development, with a synchronization effect that is positively reflected on egg production.
The studies on the effects of photoperiod show how the condition of total darkness can positively influence practices of reproductions in captivity. The effects of photoperiod were also investigated at the physiological level, observing the plasma levels of steroids ( E2, T) and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and the expression in the liver of vitellogenin (vtg1 and vtg2) and estradiol membrane receptor (ESR1).
From the comparison between spontaneous deposition and insemination techniques through the stripping is inferred as the first ports to a better qualitative and quantitative yield in the production of eggs capable of being fertilized, also the presence of a percentage of oocytes completely transparent can be used to obtain eggs at a good rate of fertility.
Finally, the design and implementation of a system for recirculating aquaculture suited to meet the needs of species-specific eel showed how to improve the reproductive results, it would be preferable to adopt low-flow and low density incubation.L’elaborato presentato si propone di esporre gli avanzamenti conseguiti nelle pratiche di riproduzione in cattività dell’anguilla europea (Anguilla anguilla). Gli aspetti indagati riguardano sia approcci zootecnici (selezione riproduttori, risposta a stimolazione ormonale, performance riproduttive, incubazione di uova) sia aspetti fisiologici (profili endocrini plasmatici dei riproduttori), nonché aspetti ingegneristici. Gli studi condotti sulle diverse popolazioni selvatiche di anguilla hanno evidenziato come il principale fattore discriminante nella selezione delle femmine selvatiche da destinare alla riproduzione in cattività deve essere il Silver Index che ne può determinare, a partire caratteri morfo-metrici e con un chiaro grado di precisione, lo stadio di sviluppo puberale. Il protocollo di induzione ormonale adottato, con dosi crescenti di estratto ipofisario di carpa, si è dimostrato utile allo sviluppo ovarico, con un effetto di sincronizzazione che si è positivamente riflesso sulla produzione di uova. Gli studi sugli effetti del fotoperiodo dimostrano come la condizione di totale buio, nelle vasche di mantenimento dei riproduttori, condizioni positivamente le pratiche di riproduzioni in cattività.. Gli effetti del fotoperiodo sono stati indagati anche a livello fisiologico, osservando i livelli plasmatici di steroidi (E2, T) e ormoni tiroidei (T3 e T4) nonché l’espressione a livello epatico dello vitellogenine (vtg1 e vtg2) e del recettore di membrana dell’estradiolo (esr1). Dalla comparazione fra deposizione spontanea e tecniche di inseminazione attraverso lo stripping si è dedotto come la prima porti ad una migliore resa qualitativa e quantitativa nella produzione di uova atte ad essere fecondate, inoltre la presenza di una percentuale di ovociti completamente trasparenti può essere utilizzato per ottenere le uova ad un buon tasso di fertilità. Infine, il design e la messa in opera di un impianto a ricircolo per l’acquacoltura adatto a soddisfare le necessità specie-specifiche dell’anguilla ha mostrato come per migliorare i risultati riproduttivi, sarebbe preferibile adottare basso flusso e bassa densità incubazione.
48
Di, Biase Andrea <1979>. "Controlled reproduction in Anguilla anguilla (L.): advanced studies on broodstock management, spawning techniques and system design for artificial seed production." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7036/.
Анотація:
The thesis aims to expose the advances achieved in the practices of captive breeding of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Aspects investigated concern both approaches livestock (breeding selection, response to hormonal stimulation, reproductive performance, incubation of eggs) and physiological aspects (endocrine plasma profiles of players), as well as engineering aspects.
Studies conducted on various populations of wild eel have shown that the main determining factor in the selection of wild females destined to captive breeding must be the Silver Index which may determine the stage of pubertal development.
The hormonal induction protocol adopted, with increasing doses of carp pituitary extract, it has proven useful to ovarian development, with a synchronization effect that is positively reflected on egg production.
The studies on the effects of photoperiod show how the condition of total darkness can positively influence practices of reproductions in captivity. The effects of photoperiod were also investigated at the physiological level, observing the plasma levels of steroids ( E2, T) and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and the expression in the liver of vitellogenin (vtg1 and vtg2) and estradiol membrane receptor (ESR1).
From the comparison between spontaneous deposition and insemination techniques through the stripping is inferred as the first ports to a better qualitative and quantitative yield in the production of eggs capable of being fertilized, also the presence of a percentage of oocytes completely transparent can be used to obtain eggs at a good rate of fertility.
Finally, the design and implementation of a system for recirculating aquaculture suited to meet the needs of species-specific eel showed how to improve the reproductive results, it would be preferable to adopt low-flow and low density incubation.L’elaborato presentato si propone di esporre gli avanzamenti conseguiti nelle pratiche di riproduzione in cattività dell’anguilla europea (Anguilla anguilla). Gli aspetti indagati riguardano sia approcci zootecnici (selezione riproduttori, risposta a stimolazione ormonale, performance riproduttive, incubazione di uova) sia aspetti fisiologici (profili endocrini plasmatici dei riproduttori), nonché aspetti ingegneristici. Gli studi condotti sulle diverse popolazioni selvatiche di anguilla hanno evidenziato come il principale fattore discriminante nella selezione delle femmine selvatiche da destinare alla riproduzione in cattività deve essere il Silver Index che ne può determinare, a partire caratteri morfo-metrici e con un chiaro grado di precisione, lo stadio di sviluppo puberale. Il protocollo di induzione ormonale adottato, con dosi crescenti di estratto ipofisario di carpa, si è dimostrato utile allo sviluppo ovarico, con un effetto di sincronizzazione che si è positivamente riflesso sulla produzione di uova. Gli studi sugli effetti del fotoperiodo dimostrano come la condizione di totale buio, nelle vasche di mantenimento dei riproduttori, condizioni positivamente le pratiche di riproduzioni in cattività.. Gli effetti del fotoperiodo sono stati indagati anche a livello fisiologico, osservando i livelli plasmatici di steroidi (E2, T) e ormoni tiroidei (T3 e T4) nonché l’espressione a livello epatico dello vitellogenine (vtg1 e vtg2) e del recettore di membrana dell’estradiolo (esr1). Dalla comparazione fra deposizione spontanea e tecniche di inseminazione attraverso lo stripping si è dedotto come la prima porti ad una migliore resa qualitativa e quantitativa nella produzione di uova atte ad essere fecondate, inoltre la presenza di una percentuale di ovociti completamente trasparenti può essere utilizzato per ottenere le uova ad un buon tasso di fertilità. Infine, il design e la messa in opera di un impianto a ricircolo per l’acquacoltura adatto a soddisfare le necessità specie-specifiche dell’anguilla ha mostrato come per migliorare i risultati riproduttivi, sarebbe preferibile adottare basso flusso e bassa densità incubazione.
49
Roth, Donald Allan. "Enhancing manufacturing productivity through the design and development of expert systems." Ohio : Ohio University, 1992. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173215999.
50
Castillo, Estepa Ricardo Andrés 1980. "Proposta de estratégia de coordenação para sistemas holônicos de manufatura baseada em agentes e stigmergia." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265716.
Анотація:
Orientadores: João Mauricio Rosário, Oscar Fernando Avilés SanchezTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T23:43:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CastilloEstepa_RicardoAndres_D.pdf: 29085349 bytes, checksum: e43675a3a033cb5217e30c08ce3fb21e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Neste trabalho é proposta e desenvolvida uma estratégia de coordenação baseada em agentes (holons) para sistemas automatizados de produção compostos por módulos de manufatura colaborativos heterogêneos, a qual permitirá a esses sistemas se adaptar dinamicamente às mudanças e perturbações do ambiente industrial moderno. Para realizar a validação da estratégia proposta é projetada e simulada uma configuração para um sistema de manufatura flexível formado por: uma mesa hidráulica, um robô articulado, uma mão robótica como sistema de sujeição e um robô móvel. Na estratégia de coordenação proposta é utilizada uma arquitetura do tipo holárquica (ADACOR), dentro da qual os hólons projetados poderão trabalhar tanto de forma independente atingindo objetivos locais quanto de forma integrada cooperando entre si para alcançar objetivos globais de produção. A coordenação e reconfiguração das operações dos hólons dentro do sistema, de maneira que esses possam trabalhar de forma colaborativa (coordenação ¿ cooperação) é desenvolvida utilizando uma técnica de inteligência artificial coletiva conhecida como Stigmergia, combinada com redes neurais artificiais auto-organizativas. Dessa maneira o processo de reconfiguração do sistema de manufatura é otimizado disponibilizando de forma local a informação global do sistema, além disso neste trabalho também é acrescentado um componente adaptativo no interior dos holons da arquitetura hibrida ADACOR, desse modo adicionando flexibilidade, adaptabilidade e rapidez de reconfiguração na obtenção dos planos de manufatura ao lidar com falhas ou perturbações. A estratégia proposta neste trabalho também poderá ser utilizada em outras aplicações que precisem da integração colaborativa de dispositivos mecatrônicos
Abstract: In this work is proposed and developed an agents (holons) based coordination strategy for automated production systems composed of heterogeneous collaborative manufacturing modules, this strategy will allow these systems dynamically adapt to changes and disturbances of the modern industrial environment. In order to validate the proposed strategy is projected and simulated a configuration for a flexible manufacturing system comprising: a hydraulic table, an articulated robot, a robotic hand as a gripping system, and a mobile robot. In the proposed coordination strategy is used an holarchical type architecture (ADACOR), within this architecture the projected holons (agents) can work both in an independent manner reaching local objectives or in an integrated manner cooperating each other to achieve the global production objectives. The coordination and reconfiguration between the holons inside the system in order that these can work in a collaborative form (coordination ¿ cooperation) is developed using a collective artificial intelligence technique known as Stigmergy combined with self-organizing neural networks. Therefore, the reconfiguration process of manufacturing system is optimized providing locally the global information of the system, in addition in this work is also added an adaptive component into the holons of ADACOR hybrid architecture, aiming flexibility, adaptability and speed of reconfiguration in obtaining manufacturing plans to deal with failures or disturbances. The strategy proposed in this work can also be used in other applications that require the collaborative integration of mechatronic devices
Doutorado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica