Статті в журналах: "ARTHRITIS DRUG"

1

Gupta, Anuradha, Jungmi Lee, Torsha Ghosh, Van Quy Nguyen, Anup Dey, Been Yoon, Wooram Um, and Jae Hyung Park. "Polymeric Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery to Treat Arthritis." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030540.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are disabling musculoskeletal disorders that affect joints and cartilage and may lead to bone degeneration. Conventional delivery of anti-arthritic agents is limited due to short intra-articular half-life and toxicities. Innovations in polymer chemistry have led to advancements in hydrogel technology, offering a versatile drug delivery platform exhibiting tissue-like properties with tunable drug loading and high residence time properties This review discusses the advantages and drawbacks of polymeric materials along with their modifications as well as their applications for fabricating hydrogels loaded with therapeutic agents (small molecule drugs, immunotherapeutic agents, and cells). Emphasis is given to the biological potentialities of hydrogel hybrid systems/micro-and nanotechnology-integrated hydrogels as promising tools. Applications for facile tuning of therapeutic drug loading, maintaining long-term release, and consequently improving therapeutic outcome and patient compliance in arthritis are detailed. This review also suggests the advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of hydrogels loaded with anti-arthritic agents with high therapeutic potential that may alter the landscape of currently available arthritis treatment modalities.

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Moudgil, Kamal D., Hemalatha Nanjaiah, Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha, and Rakeshchandra R. Meka. "Nanotechnology-based drug delivery for targeted therapy of autoimmune arthritis improves the therapeutic profile of anti-arthritis drugs." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 165.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.165.14.

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Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the major human autoimmune diseases, and it affects over 1 percent of the population. Although many anti-arthritis drugs are available for RA therapy, their long-term use may lead to severe adverse effects. This, combined with high cost of many newer drugs, poses a hurdle for the effective control of RA as well as patient compliance with therapeutic regimens. Therefore, novel treatment modalities are required to overcome these limitations. In this context, we have developed a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system for targeted therapy of arthritic inflammation. Liposomal entrapment of drugs increases their shelf-life in vivo, whereas the display of a joint-homing peptide ligand on liposomal surface aids in guiding them to the site of inflammation. One such peptide (denoted as ART-1) was previously identified by us by phage peptide-display library screening of arthritic Lewis rats. When administered subcutaneously or intravenously, fluorescence-labeled ART-1 shows preferential homing to arthritic joints compared to normal (control) joints. We exploited this drug delivery system for the treatment of experimental arthritis with dexamethasone (Dex) using the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model. At the time of onset of AA, rats were treated with liposomal Dex, unpackaged (free) Dex, or the vehicle on alternate days. All rats were observed and graded regularly for arthritis severity. Sera obtained at the terminal step were tested for a panel of enzymes indicating tissue/organ toxicity. Liposomal Dex showed improved therapeutic profile (efficacy/toxicity ratio) over that of free Dex. We propose that this peptide ligand-targeted drug delivery approach can be adapted for effective control of human RA. "Supported by grants from NIH (R01 AT004321), Veterans Affairs (5 I01 BX002424) and Silo Pharma"

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Persidis, Aris. "Arthritis drug discovery." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 7 (July 1999): 726–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/10954.

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&NA;, &NA;. "Arthritis Drug Update." Orthopaedic Nursing 10, no. 4 (July 1991): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006416-199107000-00013.

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5

Nanjaiah, Hemalatha, and Kamal D. Moudgil. "The Utility of Peptide Ligand-Functionalized Liposomes for Subcutaneous Drug Delivery for Arthritis Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 7, 2023): 6883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086883.

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Liposomes and other types of nanoparticles are increasingly being explored for drug delivery in a variety of diseases. There is an impetus in the field to exploit different types of ligands to functionalize nanoparticles to guide them to the diseased site. Most of this work has been conducted in the cancer field, with relatively much less information from autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Furthermore, in RA, many drugs are self-administered by patients subcutaneously (SC). In this context, we have examined the attributes of liposomes functionalized with a novel joint-homing peptide (denoted ART-1) for arthritis therapy using the SC route. This peptide was previously identified following phage peptide library screening in the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model. Our results show a distinct effect of this peptide ligand on increasing the zeta potential of liposomes. Furthermore, liposomes injected SC into arthritic rats showed preferential homing to arthritic joints, following a migration profile in vivo similar to that of intravenously injected liposomes, except for a less steep decline after the peak. Finally, liposomal dexamethasone administered SC was more effective than the unpackaged (free) drug in suppressing arthritis progression in rats. We suggest that with suitable modifications, this SC liposomal treatment modality can be adapted for human RA therapy.

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Bhavani J, Ravichandran S, Satheesh Kumar D, Chandrasekaran A R, Saraladevi V, and Irfana Asma S. "Investigation and Preparation of Polyherbal Ointment for Arthritis." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijprls.v6i2.1252.

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The process of inflammation and the arthritis was induced due to the immune system problems in elderly patients. They are encountering problems with the immune system which identifies the own body as a foreign system and acts against it. This causes inflammation in the joints and therefore causing pain and swelling in the joints. This immunity lowering drugs are the major classes of drugs that will affect the human body by lowering the immunity, and the side effects are caused by the opportunistic infections that occur when the body has low immunity. These effects are now dangerous, and the drugs that treat arthritis are now considered deadly, and their use is minimized too. In this respect, the herbs are found to be the best sources of the treatment of arthritis that produce the chemical constituents that target and cure inflammation that causes arthritis. The plant extract was used to incorporate into the ointment, and this was investigated for the anti-arthritic activity. This was compared to the activity of the extract and standard drug. The ointment that was prepared showed a significantly better activity compared with the standard drug.

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Li, Ting, Kangsheng Liao, Yuxin Zhuang, Jianlin Wu, and Juan Liu. "C15 is actionable drug target for anti-arthritis via activation Nrf2 signaling." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 133.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.133.12.

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Abstract SNM is a purified compound isolated from Chinese Medicinal plant. In the current study, we found that SNM not only ameliorated the progression of collagen induced arthritis (CIA), but protected joints from destruction in mice, indicating that SNM probably restricted the local inflammation of arthritic joints. As synovium in the joints is the major target tissue of rheumatoid arthritis, the synovium fibroblasts derived from RA patients (RASFs) were employed to validate the anti-arthritic effect and explore underlying mechanism of SNM. The results demonstrated that SNM significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-33 secretion, COX-2 expression and ROS production in RASFs. Mass spectrometry results demonstrated that cysteine 26 (C26) and lysine 873 (K873) of C15 are a direct target of SNM. Underlying mechanistic study showed that knockdown C15 resulted in the accumulation and phosphorylation of p62 and aggregation of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cytoplasma of RASFs. Consistently, SNM activated p62/Nrf2 signaling in RASFs via covalently binding at C26 and K873 of C15. Furthermore, the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model was established in Nrf2−/− mice to verify the role of Nrf2 in the anti-arthritic effect of SNM, and the results explored that Nrf2−/− mice are resistant to the anti-arthritic effect of SNM. Our findings explored that C15 is an actionable drug target for anti-arthritis via activation Nrf2 signaling.

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K., Neha, and Ravi Shankar M. "Prescribing patterns in the management of arthritis in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20205537.

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Background: Based on 2003 National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) data, a projected 67 million (25%) adults aged 18 years or older will have arthritis and 25 million (37%) of those will have arthritis-attributable activity limitations by the year 2030. Objective of this study is to know the prevalence of different types of arthritis, current trends of drug prescribing patterns in its management and to create awareness about rational use of drugs in a rural tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was an observational study of drug prescriptions among 100 arthritis patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital, India. Patients diagnosed with arthritis with or without co-morbidities were enrolled in the study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a verbal informed consent.Results: Out of 100 arthritis cases, prevalence of Osteoarthritis (OA) was seen more than Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Osteoarthritis was more commonly seen in males and RA in females. Arthritis was more prevalent in the age group of 36-65 years. Oral route was the most preferred route of administration of drugs and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the first choice. Vitamin D3+ calcium was the most commonly prescribed drug in arthritis. Diclofenac was the most commonly used drug for monotherapy in OA and methotrexate in RA.Conclusions: In this study, some patients diagnosed with RA were treated with NSAIDs as first line and no Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARD) were given. This irrational prescribing trend should be changed. Non-pharmacological treatment has a qualitative role in treating arthritis and should be advised instead of multiple drug therapy.

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Chakraborty, Debpratim, Nisha Lama Yolmo, and Nisha Lama Yolmo. "COSTUS SPECIOSUS AND ITS ANTIPSORIATIC ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY: A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.20430.

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Objective: Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease. The marketed drugs cannot totally cure the disease state as well as they have severe side effects and for that reason researcher and scientists are going for traditional medicines. Costus speciosus is the plant of choice for its several positive activities against psoriatic arthritis.Methods: Wistar albino healthy rat was taken for 0.1 ml of Freund adjuvant-induced anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory test, and diclofenac sodium (15 mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. The paw volume was measured at different time 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of experiment. In another study, the protocol is same, but indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. Another study was performed to know that the plant drug has any lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated COX-protein inhibitor activity or not. An acute anti-inflammatory property was studied in carrageenan-induced paw edema and result is measured by plethysmometer. The chronic anti-inflammatory property was studied by cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract is administered to the animal of both acute and chronic studies.Results: In anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory study, after the 21st day, it has found that standard drug (diclofenac sodium) decreases paw volume 40 % where the plant drug reduces it 68.33% & 75.50% at higher and lower dose respectively. In the other study the Standard drug (Indomethacin) show arthritic score of 0.83 and the extract shows 1.67 at its higher concentration. In LPS-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition study, extract helps to decrease the LPS-stimulated COX-2 protein nearly similar as methotrexate without any side effect. In the cotton pallet-induced anti-inflammatory study, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract shows similar result against standard drug.Conclusion: Although its activity is less compared to the marketed drug, in the other sides, it has very mild adverse effect compared to the marketed Drug. It can be used as a supportive drug in the treatment of Psoriatic arthritis and by chemical modification the activity may be increased without any side effect.

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10

Chakraborty, Debpratim, Nisha Lama Yolmo, and Nisha Lama Yolmo. "COSTUS SPECIOSUS AND ITS ANTIPSORIATIC ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY: A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.20430.

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Objective: Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease. The marketed drugs cannot totally cure the disease state as well as they have severe side effects and for that reason researcher and scientists are going for traditional medicines. Costus speciosus is the plant of choice for its several positive activities against psoriatic arthritis.Methods: Wistar albino healthy rat was taken for 0.1 ml of Freund adjuvant-induced anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory test, and diclofenac sodium (15 mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. The paw volume was measured at different time 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of experiment. In another study, the protocol is same, but indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was taken as standard drug. Another study was performed to know that the plant drug has any lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated COX-protein inhibitor activity or not. An acute anti-inflammatory property was studied in carrageenan-induced paw edema and result is measured by plethysmometer. The chronic anti-inflammatory property was studied by cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract is administered to the animal of both acute and chronic studies.Results: In anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory study, after the 21st day, it has found that standard drug (diclofenac sodium) decreases paw volume 40 % where the plant drug reduces it 68.33% & 75.50% at higher and lower dose respectively. In the other study the Standard drug (Indomethacin) show arthritic score of 0.83 and the extract shows 1.67 at its higher concentration. In LPS-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition study, extract helps to decrease the LPS-stimulated COX-2 protein nearly similar as methotrexate without any side effect. In the cotton pallet-induced anti-inflammatory study, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg dose of ethanolic extract shows similar result against standard drug.Conclusion: Although its activity is less compared to the marketed drug, in the other sides, it has very mild adverse effect compared to the marketed Drug. It can be used as a supportive drug in the treatment of Psoriatic arthritis and by chemical modification the activity may be increased without any side effect.

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Spencer-Green, George. "Drug treatment of arthritis." Postgraduate Medicine 93, no. 7 (May 15, 1993): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1993.11701707.

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Nathan, Bharathi, and Sudheer M. M. Mohammed. "An insight into anti-arthritic property of phytochemicals against Rheumatoid arthritis using molecular modelling and docking approach." Research Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1612rjbt185195.

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Arthritis literally refers “joint inflammation”, it is a condition where one or more joints are inflamed. More than 100 different types of Arthritis were identified, most common types are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The present study mainly focuses on the development of the novel phytochemical inhibitors against rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis using an integrative cheminformatics drug discovery platform. In this study, we identified potential 405 phytochemical drug candidates, screened against eight selected targets of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis using molecular docking tool AutoDock. Three phytochemicals Withanolide, Diosgenin and bamyrin exhibited promising binding towards multiple drug targets selected for this study. When comparing with the binding between reference drugs, withanolide showed highest activity against Interleukin-23, Matrix metalloproteinase-3 and Interleukin 8 with binding energies -11.6, -9.4 and -8.3 kcal/mol respectively. Diosgenin also exhibited best activity against three targets that were Interleukin-23, JNK alpha and MMP-3 with -11.3, -10.4, -9.5 kcal/mol binding energies respectively. This study may be important contributing factor to develop new therapeutic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

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Mian, Syed Shariq, Tajuddin Tajuddin, and Sukirti Upadhyay. "Anti-Arthritic Evaluation of Ginger, Colchicum and Detoxified Nux-Vomica combination for Poly Herbal Unani Formulation." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 1219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2224.

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Introduction: Arthritis (Wajaul Mafasil) is a condition which is growing worldwide due to lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors. In Unani literature, there are many herbs which are praised for treatment of Arthritis. So polyherbal formulation contains Ginger, Colchicum and Nux- Vomica is taken in combination for arthritis study. This combination is not previously reported but used by unani practitioners. Method: Three crude herbs (Ginger, Colchicum and Nux vomica) were extracted out in both aqueous and hydro-alcoholic solvent. LD-50 of all extracts (aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extract) was determined. Now respective extracts were mixed in effective dose ratio to obtain aqueous and hydro-alcoholic dosage form. Finally both effective combinations (aqueous and hydro-alcoholic) convert into tablet dosage form to determine its anti-arthritic activity by Carrageenan Induced Oedema Test, Cotton Pellet Induced Granuloma Test and Freund’s adjuvant Induced Arthritis Test. The efficacy of the Unani formulation was compared with reference drug (Diclofenac sodium). Result and Discussion: in Carrageenan Oedema Test, animals in high dose hydro-alcoholic, shows decrease in paw volume significantly after 3 hours of Carrageenan injection. In Cotton Pellet Induced Granuloma Test, animals in high dose hydro-alcoholic, shows reduction in granuloma formation significantly. In Freund’s Adjuvant Induced Arthritis Test, The significant reduction in paw volume was found in high dose hydro-alcoholic. Conclusion: Conclusively this study establishes anti-arthritic potential of polyherbal extract in unani literature. Thus these drugs possess synergistic anti-arthritic potential in combination against acute, sub-acute as well as chronic arthritis. So in future compatible dosages form may be prepared for treating arthritis.

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Ahirwal, Anjali, Swati Bagde, Mayuri Khare, and Vinod Singh. "Study of Antinflammatory properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria in experi-mentally induced musculoskeletal symptoms in Wistar Rat." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 3, no. 6 (January 4, 2014): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.3(6).p319-324.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a manifestation of body from multiple causes of weakened immune system, a developed internal allergic response to un-known allergens, hormonal factors, stress and other unknown factors. The present study was undertaken to determine the Anti-arthritic and Anti-inflammatory property of Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotics against Col-lagen induced arthritis (CIA) in wistar rat. CIA (100μl) was induced intrader-mally at several sites on the back. A dose of L. acidophilus 2 x 108 CFU/ml was administered orally after induction of arthritis i.e. on 7th day. Dexame-thasone was given as standard drug in the dose of 0.3-3.0 mg/kg body weight. Paw thickness was measured and scored regularly. After sacrifice, blood was withdrawn for haematological, biochemical and serological analy-sis. Histopathology of liver, kidney and ovary was also performed. Oral ad-ministration of Lactobacillus significantly decreased the serum ceruloplasmin level. Beneficial effects such as increased adhesive property shown by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), increased haemoglobin content and RBC and decreased WBC counts were observed. High level of C’ Reactive Protein was observed in arthritic control rats. However, L. acidophilus treatment significantly de-creased CRP level. Standard Drug also reduced the CRP level. Similarly Rheu-matoid factor was also decreased in LAB and standard drug group as com-pared to the control. In conclusion LAB has potent anti-arthritic property against and shown reduced level of RF and CRP in collagen induced arthritis in wistar rats.

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Kamalutheen, M., S. Gopalakrishnan, and T. Syed Ismail. "Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activities ofMerremia tridentate(L.) Hall. f." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 4 (2009): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/670617.

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The various extracts ofMerremia tridentatewere investigated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities in male albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model and the anti-arthritic activity was carried out using complete Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis model. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg bw) was used as a standard drug. The ethanol extract ofM. tridentateexhibited significant dose dependent activity in acute inflammation and the doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw produced 38.3% and 42.8% inhibition respectively after 3 h as compared with that of the standard drug which showed 48.5% inhibition. In arthritis model, the doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanol extract produced 49.0% and 51.7% inhibition respectively after 19 days when compared with that of the standard drug (55.5%). Both doses of the ethanol extract ofM. tridentateexhibit significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities.

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Gilani, Sadaf Jamal, May Nasser Bin-Jumah, Syed Sarim Imam, Sultan Alshehri, Mohammed Asadullah Jahangir, and Ameeduzzafar Zafar. "Formulation and Optimization of Nano Lipid Based Oral Delivery Systems for Arthritis." Coatings 11, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050548.

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Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis that leads to tissue dysfunction as well as loss of complete function. There are several synthetic NSAIDs, glucocorticoids and biological drugs that are commonly used to treat arthritis. These drugs have severe life-threatening side effects. The use of a bioactive compound (Apigenin) could be an alternative to synthetic conventional delivery systems. It is a poorly water-soluble drug having a wide range of pharmacological activities. It has been reported for potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. In the present study, Apigenin (APG) solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using the solid lipid (glyceryl mono stearate, GMS), surfactant (d -α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, TPGS) and sonication time (ST). The optimized APG SLNs showed a particle size of 161.7 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 80.44 ± 4.11%. It was further coated with 0.1% w/v chitosan (APG-CH-SLNs) and showed the particle size, PDI and zeta potential of 185.4 nm, 0.45 + 26.7 mV, respectively. The significant (p < 0.001) enhancement in drug release, permeation and mucoadhesive study was observed after chitosan coating. The antioxidant study results depicted an increase in antioxidant property. Finally, the anti-arthritic biochemical parameters revealed marked changes in the results in comparison to arthritic control animals. From the study, it was concluded that APG-loaded mucoadhesive lipid nanoparticles are an alternative to the synthetic oral delivery systems.

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Han, Dong, Qilei Chen, and Hubiao Chen. "Food-Derived Nanoscopic Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 3506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153506.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe systemic inflammatory disease with no cure at present. Recent developments in the understanding of inflammation and nanomaterial science have led to increased applications of nanostructured drug delivery systems in the treatment of RA. The present review summarizes novel fabrications of nanoscale drug carriers using food components as either the delivered drugs or carrier structures, in order to achieve safe, effective and convenient drug administration. Polyphenols and flavonoids are among the most frequently carried anti-RA therapeutics in the nanosystems. Fatty substances, polysaccharides, and peptides/proteins can function as structuring agents of the nanocarriers. Frequently used nanostructures include nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, liposomes, and various nanoparticles. Using these nanostructures has improved drug solubility, absorption, biodistribution, stability, targeted accumulation, and release. Joint vectorization, i.e., using a combination of bioactive molecules, can bring elevated therapeutic outcomes. Utilization of anti-arthritic chemicals that can self-assemble into nanostructures is a promising research orientation in this field.

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Zhang, Kevin, June Liu, Jilin Deng, Liangtang Chang, Jian Shao, Jun Lu, Alison Bendele, Yunfeng Fu, and Jeff Duan. "Modeling human rheumatoid arthritis in NHP: Type II collagen induced arthritis in cynomolgus macaques (167.4)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 167.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.167.4.

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Abstract Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rodent models have been extensively used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research. An RA model in non-human primate (NHP) is particularly demanded because of the close phylogenesis that provides the cross-reactivity to human for different development compounds using most modern drug technologies. However, NHP RA model has been reported extremely difficult because of the low and inconsistent disease incidence. We studied type II collagen induced arthritis in Cynomolgus monkeys. Following immunization with collagen, the disease progression was monitored for 8 weeks. Overall the arthritic incidence reached 87% and the average arthritic incidence of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint reached near 90%, significantly higher than what was previously reported. The average swelling of PIP joint increased approximately by 45%. Radiography, histopathology and histomorphometry analysis of the joint bones well supported the arthritic disease with the similar characteristics of human RA joints. The average arthritic score was significantly reduced with the single agent treatment of Methotrexate or Dexamethasone. Our results demonstrated the successful establishment of an reliable CIA in Cynomolgus monkeys, providing a valuable tool for studies of RA disease in pathogenesis, biomarker, translational research, and most importantly, anti-arthritic therapeutics as well as other relevant diseases, such as anemia of chronic disease and arthritic pain.

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Gullick, Nicola J., and David L. Scott. "Drug therapy of inflammatory arthritis." Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4 (August 2012): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.12-4-357.

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Sorbie, Charles. "Investigational Drug for Rheumatoid Arthritis." Orthopedics 23, no. 1 (January 2000): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-20000101-09.

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Malemud, Charles J. "Targeted drug development for arthritis." Future Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 6 (April 2012): 701–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.12.24.

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&NA;. "RA Drug Treats Psoriatic Arthritis." Nurse Practitioner 30, no. 12 (December 2005): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-200512000-00012.

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Aschenbrenner, Diane S. "New Drug Treats Rheumatoid Arthritis." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 113, no. 3 (March 2013): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000427871.05603.e4.

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24

Capell, H. A., and T. Pullar. "Drug Therapy and Rheumatoid Arthritis." Scottish Medical Journal 30, no. 3 (July 1985): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308503000301.

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Singh, Debashis. "Merck withdraws arthritis drug worldwide." BMJ 329, no. 7470 (October 7, 2004): 816.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7470.816-a.

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26

Glynn, Ruth. "Monitoring Drug Therapy in Arthritis." Practice Nursing 8, no. 12 (July 1997): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.1997.8.12.34.

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27

Mulherin, D., and M. Wong. "Drug survival in rheumatoid arthritis." Rheumatology 45, no. 9 (July 22, 2006): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel245.

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Langenegger, T., and B. A. Michel. "Drug Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 366 (September 1999): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199909000-00004.

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Witter, James. "Drug development in rheumatoid arthritis." Current Opinion in Rheumatology 14, no. 3 (May 2002): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200205000-00014.

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Dmitriev, A. I., I. I. Zdobnov, and N. M. Porudominskiy. "Flavacridine for gonorrhoid arthritis." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80860.

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The tempting idea of chemotherapy for urinary infections has attracted understandable attention of urologists over the past decade. Among the various chemotherapy drugs, much attention has been paid to trypoflavin (gonacrine) for gonorrhea and its complications. Barbellion provides the following theoretical justifications for the use of chemicals (triggoflavin, gotsacrine). The introduction of the drug into the body provides: 1) complete and rapid impregnation of the entire body through the hemotogenic system; 2) long-term permanent impregnation of the body as opposed to short-term local therapy; 3) the constant presence of the drug in the urine makes it bactericidal, antiseptic and allows you to disinfect the entire urogenital tract; 4) the simplicity and unity of the treatment method with all possible localization of the process makes it possible to discard all the other numerous methods; 5) simplification of the doctor's work, who often remains helpless in search of hidden foci of infection, the possibility of standardization, the ease of use of the drug, which allows it to be used in the most modest dispensary, facilitates the fight against gonorrhea.

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Faustino, Célia, Lídia Pinheiro, and Noélia Duarte. "Triterpenes as Potential Drug Candidates for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment." Life 13, no. 7 (July 5, 2023): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071514.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation, swelling and pain. Although RA mainly affects the joints, the disease can also have systemic implications. The presence of autoantibodies, such as anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factors, is a hallmark of the disease. RA is a significant cause of disability worldwide associated with advancing age, genetic predisposition, infectious agents, obesity and smoking, among other risk factors. Currently, RA treatment depends on anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs intended to reduce joint inflammation and chronic pain, preventing or slowing down joint damage and disease progression. However, these drugs are associated with severe side effects upon long-term use, including immunosuppression and development of opportunistic infections. Natural products, namely triterpenes with anti-inflammatory properties, have shown relevant anti-arthritic activity in several animal models of RA without undesirable side effects. Therefore, this review covers the recent studies (2017–2022) on triterpenes as safe and promising drug candidates for the treatment of RA. These bioactive compounds were able to produce a reduction in several RA activity indices and immunological markers. Celastrol, betulinic acid, nimbolide and some ginsenosides stand out as the most relevant drug candidates for RA treatment.

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Wang, Jitong, Jia Zeng, Zhidan Liu, Qin Zhou, Xin Wang, Fan Zhao, Yu Zhang, Jiamiao Wang, Minchen Liu, and Ruofei Du. "Promising Strategies for Transdermal Delivery of Arthritis Drugs: Microneedle Systems." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081736.

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Arthritis is a general term for various types of inflammatory joint diseases. The most common clinical conditions are mainly represented by rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, which affect more than 4% of people worldwide and seriously limit their mobility. Arthritis medication generally requires long-term application, while conventional administrations by oral delivery or injections may cause gastrointestinal side effects and are inconvenient for patients during long-term application. Emerging microneedle (MN) technology in recent years has created new avenues of transdermal delivery for arthritis drugs due to its advantages of painless skin perforation and efficient local delivery. This review summarizes various types of arthritis and current therapeutic agents. The current development of MNs in the delivery of arthritis drugs is highlighted, demonstrating their capabilities in achieving different drug release profiles through different self-enhancement methods or the incorporation of nanocarriers. Furthermore, the challenges of translating MNs from laboratory studies to the clinical practice and the marketplace are discussed. This promising technology provides a new approach to the current drug delivery paradigm in treating arthritis in transdermal delivery.

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33

Salandari, Sajedeh, Tahoora Shomali, Najmeh Mosleh, and Saeed Nazifi. "A comparative study on anti-inflammatory drug combinations in domestic pigeons with experimentally induced acute arthritis." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67, no. 4 (December 2019): 588–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.058.

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The study compares the effect of one-time administration of nonsteroidal and/or steroidal anti-inflammatory combinations by topical or intramuscular (IM) routes to pigeons with monosodium urate (MSU)-induced arthritis. Forty-five adult domestic pigeons were assigned into nine equal groups: NC, negative control; PC, positive control with arthritis; sham, sham control; T1, meloxicam + hydrocortisone; T2, dexamethasone + piroxicam; T3, meloxicam + dexamethasone; T4, hydrocortisone + piroxicam; T5, dexamethasone + hydrocortisone; T6, meloxicam + piroxicam. Arthritis was also induced in T1 to T6 birds. Meloxicam and dexamethasone were administered by IM injection and the other drugs topically right after the induction of arthritis. Different drug combinations significantly decreased one-leg standing time. Induction of arthritis significantly increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in synovial fluid and serum corticosterone and epinephrine in the PC group. Administration of drugs to birds of Groups T1 and T5 did not significantly change corticosterone concentration, while all different drug combinations decreased epinephrine level. Drug combinations that demonstrated better analgesic effect more strongly reduced serum epinephrine concentration. Meloxicam + hydrocortisone was the most effective combination in reducing inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, one-time combination therapy with anti-inflammatory agents was effective in the acute management of inflammatory pain due to MSU-induced arthritis in pigeons, even by the topical route.

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Lin, Chun-Ching, Ming-Feng Chen, and Chieh-Fu Chen. "The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Chinese Crude Drug Prescriptions on Experimental Arthritis." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 23, no. 02 (January 1995): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x95000195.

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San-Miao-Warn (SMW), Tuhwo-Jih-Shen-Tang (TJS) and Dang-Quei-Nian-Tong-Tang (DGT) are Chinese traditional prescriptions. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of these crude drug prescriptions in carrageenan-induced acute arthritis and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic arthritis in rats. It was found that pretreatment with SMW, TJS or DGT at a dosage of 100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg, significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced acute arthritis. Moreover, these crude drugs also significantly suppressed the development of chronic arthritis induced by CFA. These results suggest that SMW, TJS and DGT are potential anti-inflammatory agents and may be considered as alternatives for non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID).

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R, DIVISHA, USHA RANI M, GOPALA REDDY A, and KALA KUMAR B. "Boswellia serrata normalizes altered haematological indices, attenuates pain and inflammation associated with adjuvant induced arthritis in rats." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 5 (September 10, 2020): 678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104603.

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A study was carried out to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of Boswellia serrata on haematological parameters, pain and inflammation associated with adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups. While Group 1 served as normal control, Group 2 served as arthritic control, Groups 3, 4 and 5 served as treatment groups. Arthritis was induced in animals from Groups 2 to 5 with 0.1 ml of Freund's complete adjuvant injected intradermally into the foot pad of hindlimbs. Consequently, the onset of rheumatoid arthritis was indicated by hyperalgesia and inflammatory signs which were assessed by paw volume, paw diameter and paw withdrawal latency. Treatment protocol was followed from 3rd to 21st day, with Boswellia serrata given orally as methanolic extract at 500 mg/kg b.wt. to Group 3, meloxicam given subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg b.wt to Group 4 and both the drugs given concurrently to Group 5. The drug effects were evaluated on paw parameters and haematological indicators to depict the extent of paw inflammation and its subsequent amelioration. Conclusively, a major curative effect was witnessed with Boswellia serrata when compared to meloxicam.

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P. Shah, Bhagyabhumi, Nikita A. Patel, and Samir K. Shah. "ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CITRUS AURANTIUM LINN. LEAVES IN COMPLETE FREUND’S ADJUVANT INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS." Indian Drugs 60, no. 03 (April 7, 2023): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.60.03.13354.

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The present research work was carried out to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Citrus aurantium Linn. on Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model in rats. Dried leaves powder was extracted and coded as ECA (ethanolic extract of C. aurantium). The antiarthritic activity of ECA was screened at the doses of 300 mg kg-1 and 500 mg kg-1. Treatment with ECA significantly decreased the paw volume, diameter, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total white blood cell count, arthritic index and rheumatoid factor compared to arthritic rats. However, red blood cell counts and hemoglobin content were increased. The histopathological studies showed the preventive effect of ECA. This shows that ECA possesses significant anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity that may help treat arthritis.

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Wang, Yanming, Tao He, Zhiming Li, and Shujun Gai. "Effect of ethanol extract of Punica granatum L against Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 3 (May 14, 2021): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i3.21.

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Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract of P. granatum against arthritis in rat model. Methods: Twenty-six adult male Wistar rats (120 - 150 g) were separated into four groups (n = 6): normal control, arthritic control and two treatment groups. With the exception of normal control group, arthritis was induced by intraplantar administration of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) on the 1st day of drug administration. The arthritic control group was not treated, while the treatment groups received extract orally at 500 or 750 mg/kg for the period of 4 weeks and at the end of each week, paw volume, thermal hyperalgesia, arthritic score and mechanical nociceptive threshold were performed to assess arthritis. Biochemical indicators and inflammatory cytokines in serum were determined using standard procedures. Results: There was significant decrease in paw volume and arthritic score; paw withdrawal latency was enhanced in extract-treated groups, compared to arthritic control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ALT, AST and ALP levels, as well as RF and MDA activities decreased significantly with extract treatment, compared with arthritic control group (p < 0.05). Treatment with the extract attenuated the altered level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and TNF-α levels in arthritic rats. Histological examination showed that treatment with the extract significantly reversed histological changes induced by arthritis. Conclusion: The results reveal that the beneficial effect of ethanol extract of P. granatum against FCAinduced arthritis is due to its ability to reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines.

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Muliyani, Muliyani, Nazhipah Isnani, and Enny Fauziah. "GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK RESPONDEN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PRE TREATMENT GINGER OIL (Zingiber Officinale Rosc) DAN TERAPI RESISTED ACTIVE MOVEMENT." Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v3i2.589.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory arthritis in adults. Pharmacological treatment is quite effective to overcome it, but in some cases, especially in elderly RA sufferers, pharmacological treatment such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids and DMARD (Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs) have an impact on drug side effects, namely gastrointestinal disorders that cause toxic effects on liver and kidney. The developed natural medicine treatment has been supported by several previous studies that provide anti-inflammatory benefits, namely, ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.). Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) The method used is descriptive. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of respondents who suffer from rheumathoid arthritic therapy with essential ginger oil and resisted active movement. The results of the study showed that as many as 20 respondents who suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, based on their characteristics, the most were female, namely 16 people (80%, ages 60-75 years, as many as 15 people (75%), the most part of the joints experiencing rheumathoid arthritis. occurred in the knee as many as 9 people (45%), work history, at most not working as many as 8 people (40%), history of injury, there were most injuries as many as 12 people (60%)

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Anwar, Maira, Sumreen Sarwar, Mehnaz Anjum, Mubashara Bashir, Muhammad Shoaib, and Razi-ul-Hassan. "A prospective study about prescribing trends and usage of nsaids among arthritis patients." Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy 1, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56770/jcp201706.

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Background: Pharmacists are the custodians of drugs thus their education, training, behaviors and experiences would affect the future drug use at community and hospital pharmacies. Arthritis is a common disease that causes substantial morbidity in most patients and premature mortality in many. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the disease condition, treatment practices and proper guidelines of the arthritis in hospitals (Government and Private). To overcome and proper management of the associated complications different medications may need to be used. Method: This study was done based on the survey of prescribed medication to find out the pattern and use of medication during arthritis. Prescriptions were collected from different private and government hospitals, Pakistan. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. Results: After evaluation of the prescription it was seen that arthritis more prevalent in females and usually occur at age of above 30 years. NSAIDs, Supplements, Analgesics and PPIs were also abundant among other classes. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the patients were treated with combination therapy and the most frequently prescribed class of arthritic drugs was NSAIDs and Supplements. Health practitioners as well as patient need to follow standard guideline or follow-up for medication to minimize further complication and to ensure a healthy nation.

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Ahmad, Saeed, Ejaz Mohiuddin, Syed Muhammad Ali Shah, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Amjad, Jaweria Nisar, Muhammad Riaz, Naveed Munir, and Ghulam Rasool. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Urinile Against Gouty Arthritis." Dose-Response 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 155932582094693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325820946934.

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Gout is arthritis caused due to Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposition occurring particularly in patients with associated comorbidities limiting the use of conventional therapies. This study was planned to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of urinile (a herbal drug) for the treatment of gouty arthritis. Allopurinol was used as standard drug (positive control). The study population of 250 volunteers (gouty arthritis patients) were divided into 2 groups as test and control group (n = 125 each). Gouty arthritis patients in test and control group were treated with 300 mg each of urinile and allopurinol, respectively. Clinical symptoms of all the study volunteers were recorded and serum uric acid was determined. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum uric acid level toward normal was found in test group individuals. Clinical symptoms of gouty arthritis patients were also improved in test group compared to control group. Results showed that urinile has the potential to decrease serum uric acid level in gouty arthritis patients probably because of its antioxidant potential and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. It can be concluded that the tested herbal drug urinile is more potent in treating gouty arthritis patients and can be used as an effective alternative to the most commonly used allopathic drugs.

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Kwon, Ki Sun, Hyun Lim, Yong Soo Kwon, Hye Ri Choi, Myong Jo Kim, Ji Hye Yoo, Nam Ho Yoo, and Hyun Pyo Kim. "Anti-arthritic Effects of Oplopanax elatus in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis (Adjuvant-induced Arthritis)." Natural Product Sciences 25, no. 4 (2019): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.20307/nps.2019.25.4.304.

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Hossain, Shafayat, Abdullah Shamim, Md Saifuzzaman, Md Attiquzzaman, Golam Hossain, and Obayed Raihan. "Formulation and development of a topical combination cream for arthritis management." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i6.1.

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Purpose: To design and prepare a non-prescription cream for cost-effective, potent, rapid and longlasting relief from arthritic pain.Method: The cream was prepared by formulating the aqueous phase using glucosamine sulphate, potassium chloride and chondroitin sulphate sodium, and then pouring it into the oil phase under suitable conditions. The physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, in vitro and ex vivo drug release, and overall physical and chemical stability of the formulations were characterized.Results: Sodium metabisulfite (0.5 %) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (0.01 %) showed a very strong synergistic effect on overall stability of the cream.Conclusion: This study confirms that the formulated cream is potentially suitable for the management of arthritis pain in patients. Keywords: Arthritis, Ex vivo drug release, Sodium metabisulfite, Butylated hydroxyanisole, Product stability

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R., Nalini, Keerthi D., Meenakshi B., Ezhil Ramya J., and Vidhya . "Active surveillance of adverse drug reactions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183934.

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Background: Drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis show significant toxicity and morbidity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nature and incidence of adverse drug reaction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on anti-rheumatic drugs and to assess the causality and severity of the documented adverse drug reactions.Methods: The prospective observational study was done for two months in rheumatology outpatient department. All patients were interviewed for basic details, treatment history and adverse drug reactions and were recorded. Causality assessment and severity assessment of the recorded adverse drug reactions were done.Results: About 283 patients attended the rheumatology out-patient department during the two months period out of which 57 patients had one or more adverse drug reaction. The incidence of adverse drug reaction observed in rheumatology out-patient department to anti rheumatic drug was 20.14%. A total of 145 adverse drug reactions were noted in 57 patients. The most common adverse drug reaction reported was epigastric pain (6.89%) followed by headache and dyslipidemia (6.25%). The most common system associated with adverse drug reaction was gastrointestinal system (29.66%) followed by central nervous system and cardiovascular system (15.86%). Reported adverse drug reactions were assessed for causality and maximum belonged to probable (66.9%). Severity assessment revealed that most of the adverse drug reactions were mild (74.48%) in nature.Conclusions: Active surveillance for adverse drug reactions to anti rheumatic drug in patients with rheumatoid arthritis will allow early detection of adverse drug reactions and timely intervention to provide maximum benefit to the patients.

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Ploegstra, Wieteke M., Ronald P. Boontje, and Arvid W. A. Kamps. "Arthritis Associated With Antithyroid Therapy in a 15-Year-Old Girl." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-16.2.98.

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ABSTRACT A 15-year-old white girl with autoimmune thyroiditis developed arthritis 3 weeks after starting therapy with the antithyroid drug thiamazole. Because an adverse drug reaction of thionamide therapy was suspected, thiamazole was withdrawn, and symptoms disappeared rapidly. Thionamide therapy is indicated for hyperthyroidism and has been widely used since 1948. Reported adverse drug reactions range from mild to potentially life threatening. Arthritis is an uncommon but serious side effect and can develop as a part of the antithyroid arthritis syndrome or as a part of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis that is induced by antithyroid drugs. Little is known about the exact pathogenesis. Therapy consists of prompt discontinuation of the drug, where upon symptoms rapidly disappear. Because of possible cross-reactivity with alternative thionamides, another form of treatment for hyperthyroidism is recommended. Clinical awareness is important, and prompt withdrawal of the antithyroid drug is necessary when serious side effects occur.

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Chaudhary, Sushma, Manjul Pratap Singh, Chandana Venkateaswara Rao, and Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat. "A Novel Natural Polymers Based Nanoparticles Gel Formulation for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Optimization and In-vivo Evaluation." Drug Delivery Letters 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303111666210219152401.

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Background: In 1988, the US Food and Drug Administration permitted low dose methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that would change the progression of the disease. Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist and its systemic use causes numerous side effects; including hepatic toxicity. It would be preferable to deliver methotrexate by the topical route to reduce side-effects along with ease of administration and reduced dosing frequency. So, nanoparticle gel is a hopeful approach to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: The study aims to develop a nanoparticles gel containing novel natural polymer-based methotrexate nanoparticles and evaluate its therapeutic potential on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant– Induced Arthritis rat model and compare it to methotrexate and dexamethasone gel. Materials and Methods: The five batches of methotrexate nanoparticles gel were prepared viz. F1W2, F2W2, F3W2, F4W2 and methotrexate gel for the topical application by using different concentrations of Carbopol 934 base and characterized for their evaluation parameters: homogeneity, grittiness, pH, spread-ability, viscosity determination, and drug content studies. The arthritic potential of methotrexate-nanoparticles gel was evaluated by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant–Induced Arthritis rats model based on percent inhibition oedema and arthritic score. Result and Discussion: Methotrexate nanoparticles gel significantly reduced the percentage inhibition of oedema compared to methotrexate and dexamethasone gel. The therapeutic activity of nanoparticles gel was found to be F3W2 ≥ F2W2 ≥ F1W2 ≥ F4W2 ≥ MTX gel. So, the optimized nanoparticle gel formulation F3W2 can be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: The developed novel nanoparticles gel formulation can be a promising alternative to existing methotrexate and dexamethasone gel.

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Tymofieiev, Oleksii, Diana Havlytiuk, Viktoriia Ripa, Marta Sokoliuk, and Lesia Kolisnichenko. "Treatment of the Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis." Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 5, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23999/j.dtomp.2021.9.5.

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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis is an inflammatory process in the TMJ. It`s more common in young and middle-aged people. Among the reasons of the TMJ arthritis development may be the following: local infection (periodontal disease, gingivitis, stomatitis, otitis, tonsillitis, osteomyelitis of the jaw, etc.), general infectious diseases (acute respiratory infections, influenza, pneumonia, dysentery, tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.), allergic diseases, traumatic effects, etc. Para-allergic factors contribute to the onset of TMJ inflammatory processes (hypothermia, overheating, etc.), changes in the endocrine and nervous systems, foci of chronic infection (especially in the oral cavity), etc. The purpose of this pare is to determine the effectiveness of the use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug “Nimesil” in the complex treatment of acute arthritis of the TMJ. We observed 64 patients in age from 24 to 65 years who were diagnosed with acute post-traumatic arthritis of the TMJ. Patients were divided into 2 observation groups: 1st group (the main one) – 31 patients who were treated with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug “Nimesil” and 2nd group (the control one) – 33 patients who were prescribed treatment, including the use of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug “Indomethacin.” The duration of the treatment was 7-8 days. After the relieving of acute inflammation, according to indications, prosthetic treatment was carried out. Treatment was carried out in 64 patients with acute post-traumatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joints by comparative use of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in different observation groups. It has been proved that the drug “Nimesil” has a more expressed analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic effect, and also has a significantly smaller number of side effects compared to the drug “Indomethacin.”

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Eliseev, M. S., M. N. Chikina, and A. M. Novikova. "Colchicine for gout." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 10 (August 12, 2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-10-148-153.

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Colchicine is a drug that has been known for several millennia, since the days of Ancient Egypt, but has been successfully used to treat gout to this day. The action of colchicine is based on microtubule damage, mitosis suppression, as well as the ability to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasoma by monosodium urate crystals and block the release of interleu-kina (IL)-1p - key cytokine in the development of gout inflammation. However, the mechanism of action of colchicine is still not fully understood.Colchicine should be considered as the optimal drug not only for relieving an acute attack of arthritis in gout, but also as the best method for preventing attacks of gouty arthritis when choosing urate-lowering therapy. Recent studies have confirmed the good efficacy and safety profile of the drug when used correctly in patients with gout. Currently, it is recommended to use low doses of the drug (1-1.5 mg per day to relieve an acute attack of arthritis and 0.5-1.0 mg to prevent attacks when initiating uratelowering therapy). At the same time, according to the results of recent studies on the effectiveness, low doses are not inferior to high doses, but when low doses are used, the frequency of undesirable effects is much less. Unlike non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids, the drug does not have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system and can be used in patients with diabetes mellitus. This allows the drug to be used for a long time, which is especially important, since it is recommended to prevent arthritis attacks for at least 6 months from the start of taking urate-lowering drugs. This avoids the exacerbation of arthritis in most patients and significantly reduces their frequency. In addition, in the light of the accumulating data on the effect of the drug on the cardiovascular system of the drug, in conjunction with the high safety profile, other points of application should be considered where both anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties of colchicine can be used.

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Bajaj, Himani, Mayank Yadav, Seema B. Chauhan, Anjali Sharma, Navin C. Pant, Vinod Singh, and Mamta F. Singh. "ACECLOFENAC LOADED FILM FORMING GELS: IN VIVO STUDY." Indian Drugs 60, no. 06 (July 3, 2023): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.60.06.13865.

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For arthritis, there is need of development of a drug delivery system which permits less frequent dosing by maintaining a close contact with the skin for prolonged time period, thereby improving the patient compliance, especially among elderly. Till date, film forming gels of aceclofenac for arthritis are not available in the market. It is a novel approach which can be used as an alternative to conventional topical and transdermal formulations to treat arthritis. Therefore, HPMC and Eudragit RL 100 based film forming gels of aceclofenac were prepared. On the basis of in vitro potential, the formulation was further selected and evaluated for their acute skin irritation studies and in vivo anti-arthritic activity using primary skin irritation (draize) test and Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis method. The tested formulations were devoid of any irritation potential and no edema formation was observed in any cases Irritation score (primary skin irritation index) for all the formulations was found to be zero, which indicates its safety and acceptability for transdermal administration. The in vivo study revealed that there was significant reduction in inflamed paw volume compared to the marketed formulation. The developed film forming gels could be a potential drug delivery platform for the management of arthritis.

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Shadidi, Katrine R. "New Drug Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis." BioDrugs 18, no. 3 (2004): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00063030-200418030-00004.

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&NA;. "First approval worldwide for arthritis drug." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 959 (October 1994): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409590-00059.

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