Дисертації з теми "ARN – Cancer – Recherche"
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Collignon, Olivier. "Recherche statistique de biomarqueurs du cancer et de l'allergie à l'arachide." Phd thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430177.
Повний текст джерелаBerthel, Elise. "Recherche des ARNm dont la traduction est régulée par la protéine BRCA1 : vers l’identification de nouveaux outils théranostiques des tumeurs du sein déficientes en BRCA1." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1045/document.
Повний текст джерелаBRCA1 is one of the two major breast cancer susceptibility genes. The numerous binding partners of BRCA1 allow it to participate to several cellular pathways which globally contribute to its cell surveillance capacity. The team in which I performed my PhD identified a new binding partner of BRCA1, the Poly(A)-Binding Protein 1 and, consequently, a new function of this tumor suppressor, namely, the translation regulation. Moreover, recent studies suggest that under conditions dangerous for the cell and potentially oncogenic, such as a genotoxic stress, protein synthesis is strongly altered. My thesis work was aimed at demonstrating that this new function of BRCA1 contributes, like its nuclear functions, to its role of tumor suppressor. During my thesis, I identified the mRNAs "targets" of BRCA1 by the technique of immunoprecipitation of the ribonucleoprotein complexes (RIP), I validated that these mRNAs "targets" of BRCA1 are associated to it for their translational control by realizing a comparative analysis of the contents of the polysomes of MCF-7 mammary epithelial cells transiently expressing an interfering RNA directed against BRCA1 by the technique that I have set up in the laboratory, the polysomal profiles. Subsequently, I established the conditions of genotoxic stress inducing the cytoplasmic localization of BRCA1, and in collaboration with clinicians of the Center Léon Bérard Hospital, I allowed the acquisition of tumor samples. This will allow us to identify among these targets new diagnostic markers or new therapeutic targets for breast cancers deficient in BRCA1
Firlej, Virginie. "Facteurs de transcription du groupe PEA3 et cancérogenèse mammaire : modèles d'inhibition de l'expression, études phénotypiques et recherche de gènes cibles." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Firlej.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаInjectées en sous-cutané à des souris immunodéficientes, ces même cellules induisent la formation de tumeurs de taille réduite par rapport aux cellules contrôles, confinnant l'implication des facteurs du groupe PEA3 dans les événements conduisant à la cancérogenèse. La caracténsation de la régulation du gène bax par les facteurs du groupe PEA3 a permis de mettre en évidence un nouveau mode de régulation non encore décrit pour ces facteurs, impliquant une interaction avec le facteur USF-I sans liaison directe des facteurs PEA3 à l'ADN. Celle des deux autres gènes cibles cycline D2 et p55cdc est en cours. La modulation de leur expression a été confirmée dans les modèles cellulaires de répression de l'expression des facteurs Erm et Pea3. L'étude de leur région promotrice a permis de définir des sites de régulation dont la caractérisation reste à affiner. La mise au point des différents modèles dans lesquels l'expression des membres du groupe PEA3 est modulée nous a conduit à initier une recherche plus complète des cibles moléculaires des facteurs Erm et Pea3 par utilisation de micro-arrays (Applied Biosystems) avec pour but la corrélation avec les modifications phénotypiques liées à la modulation de l'expression des facteurs du groupe PEA3
Jacquot, Catherine. "Recherche d'une activite anti-oncogenique (genes cles p53/p21 et nouveaux genes) dans un modele cellulaire de cancer bronchopulmonaire non a petites cellules (nsclc-n6) prealablement induit en differenciation terminale atypique." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT05VS.
Повний текст джерелаGiraud, Sandrine. "Régulation de l'activité transcriptionnelle du facteur STAT3 : l'exemple du gène p21waf1." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0015.
Повний текст джерелаSignal transducer and activator of STAT3 are activated in response to various cytokine. Following tyrosine phosphorylation, STAT3 proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and activate specific target gene. In the present study, we have identified new cofactors of STAT3. SRC-1 interacts with STAT3 ant enhances transcriptional activation by STAT3 through its CBP interacting domain. As a next step, we have shown that BRG1, the ATPase subunit of the Swi/Snf chromatin-remodelling complexe interacts with STAT3 and is recruited to p21waf1 proximal promoter. BRG1 recruitment is associated with H3 acetylation and followed by increased accessibility of p21waf1 proximal promoter. Finally, STAT3 recruits cdk9 kinase to phosphorylate the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase at serine 2. The elongating form of the polymerase then promotes the elongation phase of transcription. Therefore, STAT3 regulate transcription at different levels: initiation, chromatine remodelling and elongation
Le, Boiteux Elisa. "Altération du contrôle de H3K27me3 et dérégulation transcriptionnnelle dans les gliomes : études des clusters HOX." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS027.
Повний текст джерелаEpigenetic alterations are a well-known signature of cancer cells. However, the causes of these defects, as well as their consequence on gene expression, remain elusive. My thesis project specifically lies in this thematic, and focuses on the causes and consequences of epigenetic alterations in gliomas. These brain tumors can be divided into two subsets, based on IDH mutation status, that are characterized by different methylation profiles. Interestingly, the mutation of IDH is also associated with a better prognosis. Our strategy, based on exhaustive molecular analyses, relies on the study of 70 glioma samples, classified according to their IDH status, and of six glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) lines.We found that most transcriptional alterations in tumor samples were DNA methylation-independent. Instead, altered histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) was the predominant molecular defect at deregulated genes. Our results also suggest that the presence of a bivalent chromatin signature at CpG island promoters in stem cells predisposes not only to hypermethylation, as widely documented, but more generally to all types of transcriptional alterations in transformed cells. In addition, the gene expression strength in healthy brain cells influences the choice between DNA methylation- and H3K27me3-associated silencing in glioma. Highly expressed genes were more likely to be repressed by H3K27me3 than by DNA methylation. Our findings support a model in which altered H3K27me3 dynamics, more specifically defects in the interplay between Polycomb protein complexes and the brain-specific transcriptional machinery, is the main cause of transcriptional alteration in glioma cells. Also, our study revealed that homeodomain genes, and in particular HOX genes, are characterized by an atypical defect in aggressive gliomas (IDHwt), associating a gain of expression with an aberrant gain of methylation. We determined that this alteration affect all the four HOX clusters, and that the reactivation of these genes is likely a consequence of the aberrant loss of H3K27me3 that specifically affect these clusters. This study allows to propose a model whereby global DNA hypomethylation triggers ectopic expression of numerous genes through a cascade of events, in which HOX gene alteration would have a central role.The observation that H3K27me3 is deregulated in gliomas, and particularly on HOX genes, also lead us to investigate for the role of non-coding RNA in these mechanisms. We have identified HOXA-AS2, a yet poorly characterized long non-coding RNA located at HOXA locus, that is specifically and significantly overexpressed in IDHwt gliomas. The inhibition of HOXA-AS2 in well-characterized CSG lines suggests that this transcript play a central role in the biology of these cells. Thus, it would contribute to the aggressiveness of CSG by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and promoting cell proliferation. Altogether, these works revisit the relationship between epigenetic alterations and aberrant transcription, and present the control of H3K27me3 as the main cause of transcriptionnel defects in cancer
Homberg, Nicolas. "New models and algorithms for the identification of sncRNA-(snc)RNA interactions intra and across-species/kingdom." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10090.
Повний текст джерелаMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs present in eukaryotes that regulate the expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) up or down. These miRNAs have significant potential in future treatment of cancer and other diseases. The miRNA-mRNA interactions are intricate and involve various mechanisms, such as sequence complementarity, accessibility, and conservation. This thesis focuses on two such mechanisms, namely accessibility and intra-species conservation of the site of interaction, using experimental data from Cross-linking, Ligation And Sequencing of Hybrids (CLASH). Although the accessibility of interaction sites on mRNAs is generally observed, it is not consistent for all interactions. Intra-species conservation is a rare feature, which we explore by inferring conserved motifs from mRNA interaction sites. Although the results are noisy, in some specific cases, we manage to retrieve some mRNA interaction sites from the inferred motifs
Meunier, Léa. "Analyse de signatures transcriptomiques et épigénétiques des carcinomes hépatocellulaires." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7082.
Повний текст джерелаElucidating deregulated transcriptional and epigenetic processes in cancers is fundamental to better understand the biological pathways involved and to propose a therapy adapted to the molecular phenotype of each tumor. Classical unsupervised classification approaches define, for each tumor type, the main molecular groups. However, these methods, applied to complex tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the 3rd cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, define groups that remain relatively heterogeneous and only imperfectly reflect the diversity of biological mechanisms at work in these tumors. During my PhD, I developed a, innovative strategy involving independent component analysis (ICA) to extract signatures of precise biological processes in large transcriptomic and epigenetic tumor data sets. This new approach allowed me to identify groups of co-regulated genes associated with specific phenotypes or molecular alterations. Similarly, independent component analysis of the methylomes of 738 HCC revealed 13 stable epigenetic signatures preferentially active in specific tumors and CpG sites. These signatures include signatures previously associated with ageing and cancer, but also new hyper- and hypomethylation signatures related to specific driver events and molecular subgroups. The work presented in this thesis sheds light on the diversity of molecular processes remodeling liver cancer transcriptomes and methylomes, improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinogenesis and provides a statistical framework to unravel the signatures of these processes
Perot, Philippe. "Étude du transcriptome des rétrovirus endogènes humains et implications fonctionnelles : applications à la recherche de marqueurs diagnostiques de cancers." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10228/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe human genome contains around 200,000 endogenous retroviral sequences (HERV) integrated during the evolution and which are nowadays organized into complex multicopy families, globally repressed by epigenetic control. The study of the HERV transcriptome at the locus level is complicated by phylogenetic similarities within one family and by the profusion of integration sites, two inherent characteristics of transposable elements. In this work, we used a method aiming to optimally characterize individual loci associated with 25 mer probes. A custom microarray dedicated to more than 5,500 HERV sequences and allowing a functional interpretation of the LTRs expression was used on a panel of normal and tumor tissues. We therefore identified 1,718 active HERV sequences, including 326 promoter LTRs and 209 polyA LTRs. The study of the genomic environment has highlighted an approximately 8 kb zone upstream of promoter LTRs characterized by a drastic reduction in sense cellular genes. We also showed that the HERV transcriptome follows tropism rules, is sensitive to the state of cell differentiation and, unexpectedly, seems not to correlate with the age of the families. In a first attempt to use the HERV repertoire in clinical, we sought to identify new markers of prostate cancer from urine samples. This goal was pursued by conducting a pilot study on 45 patients
Champion, Christine. "Inhibiteurs de méthyltransférases d'ADN (DNMT) : caractérisation et application à la recherche de partenaires protéiques." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066251.
Повний текст джерелаGalliot, Sonia. "A la recherche de nouvelles AgNORs: une famille de protéines nucléolaires conservées et marqueurs potentiels du cancers." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210190.
Повний текст джерела1-identifier des protéines AgNORs chez la levure
2-caractériser les propriétés physico-fonctionnelles et physico-chimiques de ces protéines AgNORs.
3-utiliser ces caractéristiques physico-chimiques pour rechercher de nouvelles AgNORs humaines, spécifiques de processus de cancérisation et potentiellement utilisables comme marqueurs tumoraux./The nucleolus is a subnuclear compartment that organized around ribosomal gene (rDNA) repeats NORs, which encode for ribosomal RNA. A peculiar group of acidic proteins which are highly argyrophilic are also localized at the same sites as NORs, thus allowing NORs to be very clearly and rapidly visualized by silver nitrate staining procedures. However, if three human argyrophilic proteins, UBF, C23 (nucleolin) and B23 (nucleophosmin), have been associated for staining of NOR, the exact number of AgNOR proteins and their intrinsic biochemical feature are unclear. Here, we have performed an heterologous screen in a genetically tractable eukaryotic organism (budding yeast) for the identification of novel AgNOR proteins and in vitro characterized an intrinsic feature that underlies silver binding and offers a strong predictive value for the identification of novel human AgNOR proteins.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dalstein, Véronique. "Prévention du cancer du col utérin : intérêt de la recherche qualitative et quantitative de l'ADN des papillomavirus humains en pratique clinique." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA3010.
Повний текст джерелаBoehler, Christian. "Rôles de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase-3 (PARP-3) dans la réponse cellulaire aux dommages dans l'ADN et la progression mitotique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ113/document.
Повний текст джерелаPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), a family of 17 members. We started the functional characterization of a new member of this family : the Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-3 (PARP-3). This protein was poorly studied. The human Parp3 gene displays two splicing variants giving rise to two proteins. Whereas the full length hPARP-3 has been identified as a core component of the centrosome throughout the cell cycle, the shorter splice variant accumulates within the nucleus. Of note, only the shorter nuclear variant is found in mice. We generated PARP-3 depletion in human lung cell line (MRC5) using RNA interference to analyse functional consequences of PARP-3 absence. We identified PARP-3 as a new specific actor of Double-Strand Breaks (DSB) repair mechanism. We also identified a new protein partner of PARP-3, NuMA, which is an essential regulator of mitotic division. These cells also showed problems in mitosis entry, in mitotic spindle formation, an increased mitosis duration and chromosomes aberrations. Performing protein interaction studies and using biochemical approaches, we highlighted a protein complex composed of PARP-3, NuMA and Tankyrase 1 (PARP-5a), involved in mitotic mechanisms. PARP-3 has a key role in the regulation of this complex. It plays essential role in mitotic progression and in mitotic spindle integrity maintenance and in telomere stability. The roles of PARP-3 in both DSB repair mechanisms and in mitotic progression indicate PARP-3 as a possible promising therapeutic target in cancer therapy
Pérez, lanzón María. "Modeling Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer in Immunocompetent Mice Blocking tumor-educated MSC paracrine activity halts osteosarcoma progression Organoids for Modeling Genetic Diseases. In: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology A preclinical mouse model of osteosarcoma to define the extracellular vesicle-mediated communication between tumor and mesenchymal stem cells Failure of immunosurveillance accelerates aging The metabolomic signature of extreme longevity: Naked mole rats versus mice Lurbinectedin synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade to generate anticancer immunity Laminin-binding integrins are essential for the maintenance of functional mammary secretory epithelium in lactation Immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic control of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL019.
Повний текст джерелаProgress in breast cancer research relies on the availability of suitable cell lines that can be implanted in immunocompetent laboratory mice. The best explored mouse strain, C57Bl/6, is also the only one for which multiple genetic variants are available. Driven by the fact that no hormone receptor-positive C57Bl/6-derived mammary carcinoma cell lines are available, we decided to establish such cell lines. Breast cancers were induced in female C57BL/6 mice using a synthetic progesterone analogue combined with a DNA damaging agent. Cell lines were established from these tumors and selected for dual (estrogen + progesterone) receptor positivity, as well as transplantability into C57BL/6 females. One cell line, which we called MD5,fulfilled these criteria and allowed for the establishment of poorly differentiated, highly proliferative, immune cold tumors. Such tumors reduced their growth (though did not regress) upon treatment with estrogen receptor antagonists, as well as with anthracyline-based chemotherapy. However, the latter effect was not influenced by T cell depletion and MD tumors failed to respond to PD-1 blockade, suggesting that they are immunologically cold. In conclusion, C57BL/6-derived MD5 cells constitute a model of poor prognosis hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Rataj, Felicitas. "Nouvelle thérapie anti-tumorale multi-cibles basée sur la dégradation des ARNms à demi-vie courte." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV040/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the innovative aspects of anti-cancer therapies is the possibility of preventing tumor growth by blocking blood supply. Cancer cells induce the formation of their own blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, a process called angiogenesis. One of the most important proangiogenic factors is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The success of bevacizumab (a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody) combined to chemotherapy for the treatment of human metastatic cancers has validated VEGF as an efficient target. However, despite the initial enthusiasm, resistance to these anti-angiogenic treatments resulting from compensatory mechanisms occurs upon time. For this reason, there is a real need for new anti-angiogenic drugs that will target the angiogenic process through distinct mechanisms. In 2010, our laboratory has successfully developed an anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral therapy based on destabilization of short-lived mRNAs by the zinc finger protein TIS11b. However, the therapeutic protein was highly unstable, thus making it difficult to further characterize the experimental therapy. In this context, the main task of my thesis was the optimization of TIS11b stability and activity followed by the evaluation of the multi-target action of our novel protein on tumor development. In a first part of this work, biochemical and molecular approaches allowed us to demonstrate that phosphorylation of the C-terminal serine S334 in TIS11b protein markedly increases its stability. In addition, deletion of the N-terminal domain of TIS11b highly increases its protein stability without affecting its activity. Therefore, we integrated N-terminal truncation (ZnC) and C-terminal substitution of S334 by an aspartate to mimic a permanent phosphorylation at S334 (ZnCS334D) as a novel TIS11b engineering strategy. Both proteins were fused subsequently to a cell-penetrating peptide polyarginine (R9). In vitro studies revealed that R9-ZnC and R9-ZnCS334D inhibit VEGF expression in the murine breast cancer cells 4T1. In addition, R9-ZnCS334D impaired proliferation, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth of 4T1 cells. In vivo, intra-tumoral injection of either protein significantly reduced VEGF expression and tumor vascularization. Strikingly, antibody array analyses of tumor extracts demonstrated a reduced expression of several chemokines such as Fractalkine, MCP-1, NOV, SDF-1 and Pentraxin upon R9-ZnC or R9-ZnCS334D treatment. These factors, which are produced by several cell types within tumor tissue, are key drivers of tumor angiogenesis, tumor-promoting inflammation and invasion. Furthermore, the expression of markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was also significantly reduced, suggesting an anti-metastatic effect of R9-ZnC and R9-ZnCS334D. Thus, we provide R9-ZnC and R9-ZnCS334D as potential novel multi-target agents which inhibit key hallmarks of cancer progression. This work supports the emerging link between mRNA stability and cancer and proposes novel concepts for the development of innovative anti-cancer therapies
Batté, Amandine. "Impact of nuclear organization and chromatin structure on DNA repair and genome stability." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS182/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe non-random organization of the eukaryotic cell nucleus and the folding of genome in chromatin more or less condensed can influence many functions related to DNA metabolism, including genome stability. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious DNA damages for the cells. To preserve genome integrity, eukaryotic cells thus developed DSB repair mechanisms conserved from yeast to human, among which homologous recombination (HR) that uses an intact homologous sequence to repair a broken chromosome. HR can be separated in two sub-pathways: Gene Conversion (GC) transfers genetic information from one molecule to its homologous and Break Induced Replication (BIR) establishes a replication fork than can proceed until the chromosome end.My doctorate work was focused on the contribution of the chromatin context and 3D genome organization on DSB repair. In S. cerevisiae, nuclear organization and heterochromatin spreading at subtelomeres can be modified through the overexpression of the Sir3 or sir3A2Q mutant proteins. We demonstrated that reducing the physical distance between homologous sequences increased GC rates, reinforcing the notion that homology search is a limiting step for recombination. We also showed that heterochromatinization of DSB site fine-tunes DSB resection, limiting the loss of the DSB ends required to perform homology search and complete HR. Finally, we noticed that the presence of heterochromatin at the donor locus decreased both GC and BIR efficiencies, probably by affecting strand invasion. This work highlights new regulatory pathways of DNA repair
Lamore, Kristopher. "Étude des interactions conjugales dans le processus de décision d’une reconstruction mammaire pour un cancer du sein Évaluation de l'impact de la reconstruction mammaire chez les femmes en couple grâce à un outil de recherche communautaire : les Seintinelles The decision-making process for breast reconstruction after cancer surgery: representations of heterosexual couples in long-standing relationships Couples' experience of the decision-making process in breast reconstruction after breast cancer: a lexical analysis of their discourse Treatment decision-making in chronic diseases: what are the family members’ roles, needs and attitudes? A systematic review Women and partners’ information need, emotional adjustment and breast reconstruction decision-making before mastectomy “Waiting for breast reconstruction”: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of couples’ experiences of mastectomy for breast cancer." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB092.
Повний текст джерелаContext: cancer Plans 2 and 3 emphasize the importance of a shared decision-making. However, the literature on breast reconstruction (BR) following breast cancer shows the physician essential place in this decision-making. Close others are also little included by physicians in this treatment choice and more specifically intimate partners. The latter is usually the most present near the women. To date, no research has studied couple interactions in the decision-making process of a BR. Yet, several studies have pointed out the interdependence of both members of a couple to face a chronic illness and partners' key role in women's adjustment facing breast cancer. Objective: the main objective of this research is to study couple interactions in the decision-making process of a BR following breast cancer diagnosis. Method: two studies as well as a systematic literature review were realized to meet this objective. These two studies were mixed, including a quantitative part (self-reported questionnaires) and a qualitative part (interviews with women and their partners). The first study was retrospective, interviewing couples several years after breast cancer diagnosis. The second study was prospective, interviewing couples just after breast cancer diagnosis. Quantitative data were subjected to non-parametric analysis. Qualitative data were subjected to a thematic content analysis, a lexical analysis and an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: the results of the retrospective study show that women's emotional adjustment is the same regardless their decision (immediate BR, delayed BR or no BR). However, women without BR would less recommend their decision compared to women with BR. In addition, couples report that BR decision was lived and taken within the couple. Partners were described as supportive in the decision-making process. The question of temporality emerged differently in couple's discourse according to the decision. The results of the systematic literature review highlight the different roles family members can have in treatment decision-making of a chronic illness, including direct (e.g., the partner says his/her preferences to the patient) and indirect influence (e.g., patient's choice is guided by his/her perception of his/her family responsibilities). The results of the prospective study shows that before the mastectomy, partners of women not having an immediate BR express more negative emotions and a greater need for information compared to partners of women having an immediate BR. Furthermore, women and their partners think to the BR at the time of the mastectomy. These thoughts allow couples to project themselves in the future, where BR is associated to a good health. Thinking to BR could allow couples to cope with the mastectomy and breast cancer diagnosis. Conclusion: BR decision-making appears as experienced within the couple, with specificities considering the decision (immediate BR, delayed BR or no BR). At the clinical level, this work allows to identify couples needs and to propose interventions and tools to develop in order to accompany women and their partners. At the research level, it should be distinguished more broadly how BR decision is made between the women, her partner and the health professionals involved in the medical care