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Статті в журналах з теми "Arm environment"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Choi, Isaac Yeoun-Gyu, and Hong-Bae Ann. "SPIRAL ARM MORPHOLOGY IN CLUSTER ENVIRONMENT." Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society 44, no. 5 (October 31, 2011): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/jkas.2011.44.5.161.

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2

Vinaya, C. H., Vamsi Krishna Thanikanti, and Sudha Ramasamy. "Environment quality monitoring using ARM processor." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 263 (November 2017): 052020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/263/5/052020.

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3

Long, Ling, Ya Dong Shao, and Hai Shang Liu. "Solar-Powered Environment Monitoring System Based on ARM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 1168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.1168.

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In order to accurately obtain the real-time environment information, this paper introduces a solar energy environmental monitoring intelligent system, and gives the corresponding design of hardware and software flow. The system adopts solar energy to supply power, uses ARM as the core microprocessor, and acquires environment information by multiple sensors, so that system terminal displays the real-time monitoring information. This design not only enhances Security for people's work, life and travel, but also makes full use of solar energy to achieve a modern green life.

4

thra, Pavi R., Shre P. eja, Sirisha MVK, and Varsh S. inee. "Gesture Control of Robotic Arm for Hazardous Environment." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 57, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v57p204.

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5

Piron, Lamberto, Paolo Tonin, Francesco Piccione, Vincenzo Iaia, Elena Trivello, and Mauro Dam. "Virtual Environment Training Therapy for Arm Motor Rehabilitation." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14, no. 6 (December 2005): 732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474605775196580.

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Enhanced feedback provided by a virtual reality system has been shown to promote motor learning in normal subjects. We evaluated whether this approach could be useful for treating patients with motor deficits following brain lesions. Fifty subjects with mild to intermediate arm impairments due to stroke were selected for the study. The patients received treatment daily for one month, consisting of an hour of virtual-environment therapy with enhanced feedback. Before and after the therapy, we assessed the degree of motor impairment and autonomy in daily living activities using the Fugl-Meyer scale for the upper extremities and Functional Independence Measure, respectively. We also analyzed the velocity, duration, and morphology of a sequence of reaching movements, finally comparing the kinematic measures with the scores obtained on the clinical scales. The rehabilitation therapy yielded significant improvements over baseline values in the mean scores on the Fugl-Meyer and Functional Independence Measure scales. The mean Fugl-Meyer score correlated significantly with the duration and velocity of reaching movements. The collated data indicate that motor recovery in post-stroke patients may be promoted by the enhanced feedback provided in a virtual environment and that kinematic analysis of their movements provides reliable measures of motor function changes in response to treatment.

6

Ma, Liang, Ruina Ma, Damien Chablat, and Fouad Bennis. "Human arm simulation for interactive constrained environment design." International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2012): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12008-012-0162-z.

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7

OSAKABE, Tatsuya, Tomohisa WATANABE, Susumu TARAO, and Tetsuo TOMIZAWA. "Building a Development Environment for a Dual-arm Cobot and Realizing Dual-Arm Movements." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2022 (2022): 1P1—D08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2022.1p1-d08.

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8

Ban, Prasad, Shweta Desale, Revati Barge, and Pallavi Chavan. "Intelligent Robotic Arm." ITM Web of Conferences 32 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203201005.

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Regardless the abundance of technological robotic equipment’s present in the form of auto- mated Mechanical Robotic Arm, most of the citizens in India are not able to use those robots in their regular day to day life. This paper talks about the Intelligent robotic Arm (IRA) which is able to cook food dishes in an ordinary home environment. The robotic arm recognizes the utensils and ingredients required for the particular recipe. For object detection we have developed a system using OpenCV and Python which helps the robotic arm to recognize the correct ingredient and pick and drop it to appropriate utensil for cooking the required recipe. It involves automated tasks which the arm has to perform while commands are given to it for making the particular recipe. Our motivation is to help brilliant supplier robots that work by and large human environments ,automating continuous errands. In quest for this objective, we follow the universal apply autonomy worldview, in which savvy observation and control, are blended in with ubiquitous processing. By misusing sensors and effectors in its condition, a mechanical can work extra confused obligations other than turning out to be excessively perplexing itself. Following this understanding, we have built up a supplier automated that works independently in a sensor-prepared kitchen. The mechanical gains from exhibition, and performs refined assignments, working together with the system of gadgets in its condition. We record on the structure, usage, and utilization of this framework, which is unreservedly accessible for use, and improvement through others, in the examination network.

9

Krutky, Matthew A., Vengateswaran J. Ravichandran, Randy D. Trumbower, and Eric J. Perreault. "Interactions Between Limb and Environmental Mechanics Influence Stretch Reflex Sensitivity in the Human Arm." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (January 2010): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00679.2009.

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Stretch reflexes contribute to arm impedance and longer-latency stretch reflexes exhibit increased sensitivity during interactions with compliant or unstable environments. This increased sensitivity is consistent with a regulation of arm impedance to compensate for decreased stability of the environment, but the specificity of this modulation has yet to be investigated. Many tasks, such as tool use, compromise arm stability along specific directions, and stretch reflexes tuned to those directions could present an efficient mechanism for regulating arm impedance in a task-appropriate manner. To be effective, such tuning should adapt not only to the mechanical properties of the environment but to those properties in relation to the arm, which also has directionally specific mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specificity of stretch reflex modulation during interactions with mechanical environments that challenge arm stability. The tested environments were unstable, having the characteristics of a negative stiffness spring. These were either aligned or orthogonal to the direction of maximal endpoint stiffness for each subject. Our results demonstrate preferential increases in reflexes, elicited within 50–100 ms of perturbation onset, to perturbations applied specifically along the direction of the destabilizing environments. This increase occurred only when the magnitude of the environmental instability exceeded endpoint stiffness along the same direction. These results are consistent with task-specific reflex modulation tuned to the mechanical properties of the environment relative to those of the human arm. They demonstrate a highly adaptable, involuntary mechanism that may be used to modulate limb impedance along specific directions.

10

Jain, Shreyansh Kumar, Mittapalli Monish, Neeraj Gupta, Shivam Kumar Raj, and Karpagavalli Subramanian. "Articulated Robot Arm for Garbage Disposal in Hospital Environment." ITM Web of Conferences 56 (2023): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20235601002.

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The use of robotic arms is crucial in the medical industry, particularly in hospital settings. It can be used for a wide range of things, including as an aide in the operating room or for the removal of medical waste, among many other things. In this work, the robotic arm is designed to segregate medical waste as hazardous or non-hazardous. A dataset with five classes was created because there was no readily available data set for medical waste. The primary challenge in doing so is to programme the robotic arm’s movements and train the image dataset to classify objects as hazardous or non-hazardous. The 3D-printed robotic arm model has 6-Degree of Freedom(DOF) and is coupled with MG996R and SG90 servo motors. The robotic arm that is attached to an Arduino uno board is operated by the Blynk IoT platform. It uses YOLO V5 (You Only Look Once) algorithm to detect objects, and it favours intersection over union (IOU). To demonstrate, static robotic arm model was placed near the pile of medical waste to identify the waste and segregate it accordingly.

11

Ziherl, Jaka, Janez Podobnik, Mario Sikic, and Marko Munih. "Pick to place trajectories in human arm training environment." Technology and Health Care 17, no. 4 (September 1, 2009): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-2009-0543.

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12

SUGAIWA, Taisuke, Hiroyasu IWATA, and Shigeki SUGANO. "Hand-Arm Coordinated Manipulation Using Active Body-Environment Contact." SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration 2, no. 6 (2009): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/jcmsi.2.348.

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13

Kawai, Masatoshi, G. J. P. Savelsbergh, and R. H. Wimmers. "Newborns spontaneous arm movements are influenced by the environment." Early Human Development 54, no. 1 (February 1999): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3782(98)00081-4.

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14

Burdetl, E., P. Merz, and C. Albani. "Coordination of arm movements in a complex visual environment." Journal of Biomechanics 27, no. 6 (January 1994): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)91118-5.

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15

Jang, Jinsoo, Changho Choi, Jaehyuk Lee, Nohyun Kwak, Seongman Lee, Yeseul Choi, and Brent Byunghoon Kang. "PrivateZone: Providing a Private Execution Environment Using ARM TrustZone." IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 15, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 797–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2016.2622261.

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16

Yang, Zhiqiang, Hao Lu, Pengpeng Wang, and Shijie Guo. "Coordinating Obstacle Avoidance of a Redundant Dual-Arm Nursing-Care Robot." Bioengineering 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2024): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11060550.

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Collision safety is an essential issue for dual-arm nursing-care robots. However, for coordinating operations, there is no suitable method to synchronously avoid collisions between two arms (self-collision) and collisions between an arm and the environment (environment-collision). Therefore, based on the self-motion characteristics of the dual-arm robot’s redundant arms, an improved motion controlling algorithm is proposed. This study introduces several key improvements to existing methods. Firstly, the volume of the robotic arms was modeled using a capsule-enveloping method to more accurately reflect their actual structure. Secondly, the gradient projection method was applied in the kinematic analysis to calculate the shortest distances between the left arm, right arm, and the environment, ensuring effective avoidance of the self-collision and environment-collision. Additionally, distance thresholds were introduced to evaluate collision risks, and a velocity weight was used to control the smooth coordinating arm motion. After that, experiments of coordinating obstacle avoidance showed that when the redundant dual-arm robot is holding an object, the coordinating operation was completed while avoiding self-collision and environment-collision. The collision-avoidance method could provide potential benefits for various scenarios, such as medical robots and rehabilitating robots.

17

Alnuaim, Sami. "Energy, Environment, and Social Development: The Technology Arm of Sustainability." Journal of Petroleum Technology 71, no. 03 (March 1, 2019): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0319-0010-jpt.

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18

Safaric, R., S. Sinjur, B. Zalik, and R. M. Parkin. "Control of robot arm with virtual environment via the internet." Proceedings of the IEEE 91, no. 3 (March 2003): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2003.809205.

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19

Kawaji, S., T. Maeda, and N. Matsunaga. "Force Control of Robot Arm Using the Virtual Environment Model." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 26, no. 2 (July 1993): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)48785-4.

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20

Huang, Qi-Xian, Min-Yi Chiu, Chi-Shen Yeh, and Hung-Min Sun. "STBEAT: Software Update on Trusted Environment Based on ARM TrustZone." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 13660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013660.

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In recent years, since edge computing has become more and more popular, its security issues have become apparent and have received unprecedented attention. Thus, the current research concentrates on security not only regarding devices such as PCs, smartphones, tablets, and IoTs, but also the automobile industry. However, since attack vectors have become more sophisticated than ever, we cannot just protect the zone above the system software layer in a certain operating system, such as Linux, for example. In addition, the challenges in IoT devices, such as power consumption, performance efficiency, and authentication management, still need to be solved. Since most IoT devices are controlled remotely, the security regarding system maintenance and upgrades has become a big issue. Therefore, a mechanism that can maintain IoT devices within a trusted environment based on localhost or over-the-air (OTA) will be a viable solution. We propose a mechanism called STBEAT, integrating an open-source project with ARM TrustZone to solve the challenges of upgrading the IoT system and updating system files more safely. This paper focuses on the ARMv7 architecture and utilizes the security stack from TrustZone to OP-TEE under the STM32 board package, and finally obtains the security key from the trusted application, which is used to conduct the cryptographic operations and then install the newer image on the MMC interface. To sum up, we propose a novel software update strategy and integrated ARM TrustZone security extension to beef up the embedded ecosystem.

21

Bringoux, L., J. Blouin, T. Coyle, H. Ruget, and L. Mouchnino. "Effect of gravity-like torque on goal-directed arm movements in microgravity." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 9 (May 1, 2012): 2541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00364.2011.

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Gravitational force level is well-known to influence arm motor control. Specifically, hyper- or microgravity environments drastically change pointing accuracy and kinematics, particularly during initial exposure. These modifications are thought to partly reflect impairment in arm position sense. Here we investigated whether applying normogravitational constraints at joint level during microgravity episodes of parabolic flights could restore movement accuracy equivalent to that observed on Earth. Subjects with eyes closed performed arm reaching movements toward predefined sagittal angular positions in four environment conditions: normogravity, hypergravity, microgravity, and microgravity with elastic bands attached to the arm to mimic gravity-like torque at the shoulder joint. We found that subjects overshot and undershot the target orientations in hypergravity and microgravity, respectively, relative to a normogravity baseline. Strikingly, adding gravity-like torque prior to and during movements performed in microgravity allowed subjects to be as accurate as in normogravity. In the former condition, arm movement kinematics, as notably illustrated by the relative time to peak velocity, were also unchanged relative to normogravity, whereas significant modifications were found in hyper- and microgravity. Overall, these results suggest that arm motor planning and control are tuned with respect to gravitational information issued from joint torque, which presumably enhances arm position sense and activates internal models optimally adapted to the gravitoinertial environment.

22

Kagami, Satoshi, James J. Kuffner, Koichi Nishiwaki, Kei Okada, Masayuki Inaba, and Hirochika Inoue. "Humanoid Arm Motion Planning Using Stereo Vision and RRT Search." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 15, no. 2 (April 20, 2003): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2003.p0200.

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This paper describes an experimental stereo vision based motion planning system for humanoid robots. The goal is to automatically generate arm trajectories that avoid obstacles in unknown environments from high-level task commands. Our system consists of three components: 1) environment sensing using stereo vision with disparity map generation and online consistency checking, 2) probabilistic mesh modeling in order to accumulate continuous vision input, and 3) motion planning for the robot arm using RRTs (Rapidly exploring Random Trees). We demonstrate results from experiments using an implementation designed for the humanoid robot H7.

23

Dipali Ghatge, Pratham Patil, Atharva Algude, Shubhangi Chikane, and Atharv Dhotre. "Interactive Robotic Arm Simulation." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, no. 06 (June 15, 2024): 1665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0229.

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In the dynamic landscape of robotics and artificial intelligence, this research pioneers a groundbreaking fusion of simulation technology and advanced machine learning, specifically reinforcement learning, to enhance robotic arm capabilities. The focus centers on the utilization of a cutting-edge simulator, powered by the PyBullet physics engine, to faithfully replicate the intricate dynamics of a robotic arm within a digital environment. Serving as an experimental ground, the simulator enables the robotic arm to navigate, manipulate objects, and dynamically engage with its surroundings. Through a symbiotic relationship between simulation technology and reinforcement learning, this research focuses on an adaptive learning approach. This approach accelerates the robotic arm's skill acquisition, refining critical aspects such as precision, speed, and adaptability. The project contributes to the evolution of robotic arm capabilities, paving the way for more autonomous, versatile, and adept robotic systems in the realm of artificial intelligence and robotics.

24

Wang, Jiawen, Yudi Zou, Yaoyao Wei, Mengxi Nie, Tianlin Liu, and Dingsheng Luo. "Robot Arm Reaching Based on Inner Rehearsal." Biomimetics 8, no. 6 (October 18, 2023): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8060491.

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Robot arm motion control is a fundamental aspect of robot capabilities, with arm reaching ability serving as the foundation for complex arm manipulation tasks. However, traditional inverse kinematics-based methods for robot arm reaching struggle to cope with the increasing complexity and diversity of robot environments, as they heavily rely on the accuracy of physical models. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach to robot arm motion control, inspired by the cognitive mechanism of inner rehearsal observed in humans. The core concept revolves around the robot’s ability to predict or evaluate the outcomes of motion commands before execution. This approach enhances the learning efficiency of models and reduces the mechanical wear on robots caused by excessive physical executions. We conduct experiments using the Baxter robot in simulation and the humanoid robot PKU-HR6.0 II in a real environment to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach for robot arm reaching across different platforms. The internal models converge quickly and the average error distance between the target and the end-effector on the two platforms is reduced by 80% and 38%, respectively.

25

Tsagaris, Apostolos, Charalampos Polychroniadis, Anastasios Tzotzis, and Panagiotis Kyratsis. "Cost-effective Robotic Arm Simulation and System Verification." International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.02.01.

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In recent years, the utilization of virtual environments in industry 4.0 has witnessed significant growth, particularly in the design, implementation, and management of robotic systems. This paper addresses the need for enhanced control in robotic arms by presenting the design and implementation of a 5DoF robotic arm transformed into a digital platform through specialized software. The methods employed involve detailed direct and inverse kinematic modeling to replicate the physical arm in a digital environment. Our measurements indicate an impressive accuracy ranging from 97% to 100% in the movements of the digital model, closely mirroring its physical counterpart. This research not only contributes to the development of simulation systems but also holds promise for the broader adoption of digital twins. The paper discusses the background, outlines the methodology, highlights key findings, and concludes with the potential future impact of this work on the advancement of robotic systems and simulation technologies.

26

Deng, Pengfei, Xiyin Liang, Peirong Pan, and Xu Pan. "Overview of System-Level Security Technologies based on ARM TrustZone." Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 4, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v4i2.10304.

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With the rapid development of embedded technology and the increasing complexity of system functionality, there is a growing need for a trusted computing environment to ensure the security, integrity, and reliability of sensitive information. Systems not only need to protect the security of sensitive application code but also ensure the isolation of their execution process to prevent attacks and data theft. Traditional system protection is achieved by using security mechanisms that run in the same address space and privilege level as the kernel. However, this approach is not sufficiently secure as attackers who compromise the kernel can also compromise these security mechanisms. To achieve true kernel and critical data protection, security mechanisms need to be isolated. Therefore, building a trusted isolation runtime environment in the system is crucial for system security. TrustZone technology, developed by ARM, is a system-level security isolation framework capable of defending against various potential attacks. this paper provides an overall overview of different security isolation technologies. By concentrating on the principles and characteristics of ARM TrustZone, the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of system security isolation technology based on TrustZone. Finally, considering the existing security issues in the field of trusted execution environments, the paper presents prospects for the future development of this technology.

27

PARK, Sejin, Byungsu PARK, Unsung LEE, and Chanik PARK. "Virtualizing Graphics Architecture of Android Mobile Platforms in KVM/ARM Environment." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E100.D, no. 7 (2017): 1403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2016edp7435.

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28

Goršič, Maja, Imre Cikajlo, Nika Goljar, and Domen Novak. "A Multisession Evaluation of a Collaborative Virtual Environment for Arm Rehabilitation." PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality 27, no. 3 (July 2020): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00331.

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In recent years, several multi-user virtual environments (VEs) have been developed to promote motivation and exercise intensity in motor rehabilitation. While competitive VEs have been extensively evaluated, collaborative and competitive rehabilitation VEs have seen relatively little study. Therefore, this article presents an evaluation of a VE for post-stroke arm rehabilitation that mimics everyday kitchen tasks and can be used either solo or collaboratively. Twenty subacute stroke survivors exercised with the VE for four sessions, with the first and third sessions involving solo exercise and the other two involving collaborative exercise. Exercise intensity was measured using inertial sensors while motivation was measured with questionnaires. Results showed high motivation and exercise intensity over all four sessions, and 11 of 20 participants preferred collaborative over solo exercise while only 4 preferred solo exercise. However, there were no differences in motivation, exercise duration, or exercise intensity between solo and collaborative sessions. Thus, we cannot currently claim that collaborative exercises are beneficial for upper limb rehabilitation. Future studies should evaluate other collaborative VE designs in different settings (e.g., at home) and with different participant pairs (e.g., patient-unimpaired) to find effective ways to utilize collaborative exercises in motor rehabilitation.

29

Bendahan, P., and P. Gorce. "Learning of the arm reach motion planning in an unstructured environment." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 8, sup1 (September 2005): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255840512331388092.

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30

Tsetserukou, Dzmitry, Naoki Kawakami, and Susumu Tachi. "iSoRA: Humanoid Robot Arm for Intelligent Haptic Interaction with the Environment." Advanced Robotics 23, no. 10 (January 2009): 1327–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855309x462619.

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31

Dodds, G. I., G. W. Irwin, and A. M. S. Zalzala. "A high-performance multi-arm environment: path planning and practical implementation." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 16, no. 4 (October 1994): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014233129401600403.

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32

Masumoto, Junya, and Nobuyuki Inui. "Visual and Proprioceptive Adaptation of Arm Position in a Virtual Environment." Journal of Motor Behavior 47, no. 6 (March 26, 2015): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2015.1015674.

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33

Saipullah, K. M., W. H. M. Saad, F. N. I. Ramlee, M. I. Idris, and M. A. F. M. Din. "Development of Delta Robot Arm Simulation in ROS2 Foxy Fitzroy Environment." Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54554/jtec.2022.14.02.001.

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This work demonstrates the methodological steps to simulate a three-degree of freedom (DoF) delta robot arm in the Foxy Fitzroy version of Robot Operating System 2 (ROS2). The mechanical design of the delta robot was represented in the form of Simulation Description Format (SDF), translated from the customised Unified Robotic Description Format (URDF) file generated using SolidWorks to URDF Exporter after the designed mechanism had been finalised. It is necessary to use the SDF instead of URDF for delta robot simulation since this type of file format supports closed-loop linkages, one of the crucial features of a delta robot arm mechanism. The simulation of the delta robot motion was conducted in the Gazebo Robot Simulator, where the positioning of the delta robot end effector was observed when the specific force was applied to each of the robot arms. The mechanism of the delta robot behaviour on forward and inverse kinematic was then simulated to observe the positioning of the end effector toward the motion of motor rotational angle and vice-versa.

34

Gascho, J. A., D. Gehman, and R. Brandt. "Effects of environmental temperature on the venodilatory response to nitroglycerin." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 5 (November 1, 1991): 1843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1843.

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The venodilatory response to nitroglycerin (0.8 mg sublingually) was measured in 10 healthy young male volunteers in a cool [24.3 +/- 0.6 degrees C skin temperature (Tsk)] and a warm environment (34.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C Tsk). Nitroglycerin caused mean arterial pressure to fall and heart rate to rise in both the cool (105 +/- 2 to 96 +/- 3 mmHg; 55 +/- 3 to 62 +/- 3 beats/min) and the warm environment (87 +/- 3 to 81 +/- 3 mmHg; 66 +/- 4 to 75 +/- 3 beats/min), but the fall in pressure was greater in the cool than in the warm environment. Forearm blood flow was reduced and forearm vascular resistance elevated in the cool (117 +/- 19 units; 1.15 +/- 0.08 ml.100 cc arm-1.min-1) compared with the warm environment (15 +/- 3 units; 8.60 +/- 1.89 ml.100 cc arm-1.min-1). Nitroglycerin caused forearm vascular resistance to fall in the cool but had no effect in the warm environment. Venous distensibility (increase in venous volume per 30-mmHg increase in venous pressure) was twice as great in the warm as in the cool environment (3.90 +/- 0.27 vs. 1.88 +/- 0.23 ml/100 cc arm). However, the venodilatory effect of nitroglycerin was similar in the cool and warm environments (0.79 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.67 +/- 0.13 ml/100 cc arm, respectively). Arterioles are not dilated by nitroglycerin in the warmer environment, but the venodilatory effect of nitroglycerin is quantitatively similar in the two environments.

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Li, Qi, and Chengfeng Yu. "A Review of the Flexible Robotic Arm." Applied and Computational Engineering 8, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/8/20230165.

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In the application of the robot, the gripper of the robot is an important medium between robot arm and target. The traditional manipulator hand is mostly rigid, which is easy to damage or unable to clamp the object in the operation process. What are demanded from robotics are no longer limited to just mechanical assistant, more efficient and precise target acquisition of robotics with self-adaptation and self-adjustment have become the tackle key in robot research and design. In this paper, the design of flexible materials, the AI real-time sensing and controlling of flexible manipulator are described, as well as the application and prospects are analyzed. It is intended to provide perspective and direction for the weak interaction between flexible robotic arm and environment, less adaptability and inflexibility in complex environment. In the future, a more advanced, flexible robotic arm can be created that goes even beyond the human arm and contributes to development of the world.

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He, Guo Hao. "ARM-Based Embedded Visual Processing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1973.

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Embedded computer vision is a relatively new concept, it is only in the past few years that embedded devices have become fast enough and the component cost low enough that they can be used in small low power systems. In this paper, the design and development of a vision-based detection system with smart devices features is proposed. The main functionality of the equipment is introduced as well as the additional features it should provide to be integrated into a smart environment.

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Hu, Jian Ming, Xiao He Guo, and Guang Hui Li. "Crop Growth Environment Parameter Measurement and Control System Based on ARM Framework." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.242.

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Agricultural environment monitoring is the basic function of intelligent greenhouses, it broke through the geographical, environmental, and climate conditions on the influence of the crops, it is of great significance to the agricultural modernization and intelligentization, and promotes the development of agricultural advancement and intelligentization. Agricultural environment monitoring system based on ARM framework,PC S3C6410 is used as main control chip, running under WinCE environment, a good human-computer interface is provided; C8051F120 microcontroller as the core of its lowercompute, it acquires environment parameters in a variety of ways and adjusts on the surrounding soil and the air environment, the whole system’s good controllability can be ensured.

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Kot, Tomáš, Zdenko Bobovský, Mathias Brandstötter, Václav Krys, Ivan Virgala, and Petr Novák. "Finding Optimal Manipulator Arm Shapes to Avoid Collisions in a Static Environment." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010064.

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In situations of a confined workplace with a lot of obstacles and a complicated required trajectory of the endpoint of an industrial or collaborative robot, it may be impossible to find a suitable robot and its position within the workplace to fulfill the given task. In some cases, it could be favorable to design a custom manipulator arm with an unusual kinematic structure or shapes of some of its links. This article presents a novel way of finding the optimal lengths and shapes of two crucial links of a manipulator arm, where the target lengths are as short as possible to reduce mass, and the shape in the form of a Bézier curve is chosen to avoid collisions. The chosen type of kinematic structure of the manipulator arm is fixed and is based on the most typical structure of existing industrial robots, with six degrees of freedom. Two algorithm variants were proposed; one method uses iterations to find the solution based on in-depth collision analysis, and the second method uses the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Both methods were implemented in a simulation system and verified in several testing workplaces.

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Yu, Jiabin, Jiguang Wu, Jiping Xu, Xiaoyi Wang, Xiaoyu Cui, Bingyi Wang, and Zhiyao Zhao. "A Novel Planning and Tracking Approach for Mobile Robotic Arm in Obstacle Environment." Machines 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12010019.

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In this study, a novel planning and tracking approach is proposed for a mobile robotic arm to grab objects in an obstacle environment. First, we developed an improved APF-RRT* algorithm for the motion planning of a mobile robotic arm. This algorithm optimizes the selection of random tree nodes and smoothing the path. The invalid branch and the planning time are decreased by the artificial potential field, which is determined by the specific characteristics of obstacles. Second, a Fuzzy-DDPG-PID controller is established for the mobile robotic arm to track the planned path. The parameters of the PID controller are set using the new DDPG algorithm, which integrated FNN. The response speed and control accuracy of the controller are enhanced. The error and time of tracking of the mobile robotic arm are decreased. The experiment results verify that the proposed approach has good planning and tracking results, high speed and accuracy, and strong robustness. To avoid the occasionality of the experiments and fully illustrate the effectiveness and generality of the proposed approach, the experiments are repeated multiple times. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It outperforms existing planning and tracking approaches.

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Mohd Hamzah, Muhammad Hamizan, Norashikin M. Thamrin, and Mazidah Tajjudin. "Robotic Arm Position Control using Mamdani Fuzzy Logic on Arduino Microcontroller." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v19i3.19816.

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A robotic arm is the most often used robot in manufacturing to perform the same task accurately again and over again in a controlled environment. However, direct positioning control of the robotic arm is always inaccurate as it does not consider its position in the external environment. Therefore, this work implements the Mamdani fuzzy logic in the position control of the 6 DOF robotic arm to improve the accuracy and movement of each joint at this manipulator. The implemented fuzzy logic Mamdani inference system is done in MATLAB and finally converted to the C language to accommodate the main microcontroller, Arduino UNO environment. There are 6 servo motors controlled by this approach and the result is compared with the conventional method. It is found that the Mamdani fuzzy logic controller has an average error of 0.67% while the direct control method has an average error of 2.33%. Based on this result, it shows that the use of the Mamdani fuzzy logic increases the accuracy and reduces the swaying movement after stopping the robotic arm movement.

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Kutílek, Patrik, Jan Hýbl, Jakub Mareš, Vladimír Socha, and Pavel Smrčka. "A MYOELECTRIC PROSTHETIC ARM CONTROLLED BY A SENSOR-ACTUATOR LOOP." Acta Polytechnica 54, no. 3 (June 27, 2014): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2014.54.0197.

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This paper describes new methods and systems designed for application in upper extremity prostheses. An artificial upper limb with this system is a robot arm controlled by EMG signals and a set of sensors. The new multi-sensor system is based on ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, Hall-effect sensors, a CO<sub>2</sub> sensor and a relative humidity sensor. The multi-sensor system is used to update a 3D map of objects in the robot’s environment, or it directly sends information about the environment to the control system of the myoelectric arm. Occupancy grid mapping is used to build a 3D map of the robot’s environment. The multi-sensor system can identify the distance of objects in 3D space, and the information from the system is used in a 3D map to identify potential collisions or a potentially dangerous environment, which could damage the prosthesis or the user. Information from the sensors and from the 3D map is evaluated using a fuzzy expert system. The control system of the myoelectric prosthetic arm can choose an adequate reaction on the basis of information from the fuzzy expert system. The systems and methods were designed and verified using MatLab/Simulink. They are aimed for use as assistive technology for disabled people.

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Okechukwu Stanley Ikwunze, kelechi Kingsley Igbokwe, and Victor Ikedichi Okparaku. "Codes application in trajectory generation of simulated robot arm dynamics." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2022.6.1.0061.

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The robot arm used in this research had already been modelled and simulated using Simulink software (i.e. software environment) to yield a robot arm that will mimic the functionality and control of real human arm. The main objective is not to rebuild the robot arm to further enhance tasks performance by armless people in the society, rather to verify the significance of the code (program) application in trajectory generation of simulated robot arm or when simulating a robot arm. The common problem encountered with trajectory generation is to connect the initial configuration to a final configuration while satisfying other specified constraints at the endpoints (e.g., velocity constraints). The trajectory parameters (such as angle and angular velocity) of the robot arm joint had already been simulated with reference to the real human arm in order to generate a robot dynamics (trajectory) of same and equal functionality to real human arm. The code system which implies writing of appropriate languages was confirmed to contain the performance and controlling information of the robot arm. This performance and control of the robot arm appears to be the trajectory generation of the simulated robot arm. Hence, the input languages into the software environment (Simulink) were presented as codes which resulted to (have output of the desired functions) to trajectory generation of the simulated robot arm.

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Li, Yu Liang. "Movement Trajectory Tracking Method of Mechanical Arm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.333.

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mechanical arm is an essential replaced tool in the operations under heavy, dangerous and harsh environment (such as nuclear radiation, toxic and hazardous, etc.), but also a key technical equipment in the development of the country. Mechanical arm motion system is a very complex time-varying, strong coupling, highly nonlinear system. This paper presents a model of the robot visual tracking. Through the computer vision track the mechanical arm motion process to make the mechanical arm movement to become more intelligent, more environmentally friendly. Experiments show that the method can complete the mechanical arm intelligent trajectory tracking, and the tracking effect is better. 1 Introduction

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Kokila, M., and G. Amalredge. "Mobile Robotic Arm for Opening Doors Using Proximal Policy Optimization." Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/daai/3/2/20.

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The traditional robotic arm control method has strong dependence on the application scenario. To improve the reliability of the mobile robotic arm control when the scene is disturbed, this paper proposes a control method based on an improved proximal policy optimization algorithm. This study researches mobile robotic arms for opening doors. At first, the door handle position is obtained through an image-recognition method based on YOLOv5. Second, the simulation platform CoppeliaSim is used to realize the interaction between the robotic arm and the environment. Third, a control strategy based on a reward function is designed to train the robotic arm and applied to the opening-door task in the real environment. In this paper PPO algorithm is used to solve the result. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accelerate the convergence of the training process. Besides, our method can effectively reduce the jitter of the robotic arm and improve the stability of control.

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Y., Dharshan, Vivek S., Saranya S., Aarthi V.R., and Madhumathi T. "Gesture Control of Robotic Arm." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.v7.n1.p1.

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<div><p><em>Robots have become a key technology in various fields. Robotic arms are mostly remote controlled by buttons or panels and sometimes in batch process they are autonomous. The usage of panel boards or control sticks includes a lot of hardwiring and subject to malfunction. It also induces some stress on the operators. Hence major chemical industries like cosmetic manufacturing, paint manufacturing and Biosynthesis laboratory etc., which deals with hazardous environment due to the chemicals and other bio substances, involve humans for the processing. The aim is to reduce the bulk of wiring in the robotic arms and reduce the effort and number of operators in controlling the robotic arm operations. To implement gestures into the process this would be a major breakthrough. This can also be used as pick & place robot, a cleaning robot in chemical industries where a human does not need to directly involved in the process of cleaning the chemicals and also for coating underground tanks.</em></p></div>

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Endo, Takahiro, Minoru Sasaki, Fumitoshi Matsuno, and Yingmin Jia. "Contact-Force Control of a Flexible Timoshenko Arm in Rigid/Soft Environment." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 62, no. 5 (May 2017): 2546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2016.2599434.

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Chen, Du, Shumao Wang, and Yongjun Zheng. "An ARM-based Environment for Combine Harvester Process Monitor via CAN Bus." Physics Procedia 22 (2011): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.11.041.

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Jones–Lush, L. M., T. N. Judkins, and G. F. Wittenberg. "Arm movement maps evoked by cortical magnetic stimulation in a robotic environment." Neuroscience 165, no. 3 (February 2010): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.065.

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MORITA, Yoshifumi, Hiroyuki OKADA, Hiroyuki UKAI, and Hisashi KANDO. "Force Control of One Link Flexible Arm with Contact Motion to Environment." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 64, no. 620 (1998): 1375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.64.1375.

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Marciniak, Tomasz. "People counting vision system based on ARM processor programmed using Simulink environment." ELEKTRONIKA - KONSTRUKCJE, TECHNOLOGIE, ZASTOSOWANIA 1, no. 6 (June 5, 2014): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/ele-2014-043.

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