Статті в журналах з теми "Arid and Semi-Arid Climate"
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1
Zareiee, A. R. "Evaluation of changes in different climates of Iran, using De Martonne index and Mann–Kendall trend test." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 2245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-2245-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In this paper, according to the data of 40 stations in Iran during 1967–2005, changes in different climates of Iran evaluated. The De Martonne index and Mann–Kendall trend test are indexes that by uses the precipitation and temperature provide the evaluate possibility of the climate condition and pattern of climate changes. The objective of this study is to evaluation of changes in different climates in Iran. The results of this research showed that, The surface percent of Iran in the hyper arid, semi arid, humid and hyper humid type 1 climate categories have had a ascending trend, but only the ascending trend of the hyper arid category has been significant and the surface percent of the humid, hyper humid type 1 and semi arid categories have had a insignificant trend. The surface percent of Iran in the arid, Mediterranean, semi humid and hyper humid type 2 climate categories have had a descending trend, but the descending trend of the hyper humid type 2, Mediterranean and semi humid categories have been significant and the surface percent of the arid categories have had an insignificant trend. So the total results showed that, Iran is going to be more arid.
2
Scholes, Robert J. "The Future of Semi-Arid Regions: A Weak Fabric Unravels." Climate 8, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8030043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The regions of the world where average precipitation is between one fifth and half of the potential plant water demand are termed ‘semi-arid’. They make up 15.2% of the global land surface, and the approximately 1.1 billion people who live there are among the world’s poorest. The inter-annual variability of rainfall in semi-arid regions is exceptionally high, due to intrinsic features of the global atmospheric circulation. The observed and projected climate trends for most semi-arid regions indicate warming at rates above the global mean rate over land, increasing evaporative demand, and reduced and more variable rainfall. Historically, the ecosystems and people coped with the challenges of semi-arid climates using a range of strategies that are now less viable. Semi-arid ecosystems are by definition water limited, generally only suitable for extensive pastoralism and opportunistic cropping, unless irrigation supplementation is available. The characteristics of dryland plant production in semi-arid ecosystems, as they interact with climate change and human systems, provide a conceptual framework for why land degradation is so conspicuous in semi-arid regions. The coupled social-ecological failures are contagious, both within the landscape and at regional and global scales. Thus, semi-arid lands are a likely flashpoint for Earth system changes in the 21st century.
3
A.V.R. KESAVA RAO, SUHAS P. WANI, K.K. SINGH, M. IRSHAD AHMED, K. SRINIVAS, SNEHAL D. BAIRAGI `, and O. RAMADEVI. "Increased arid and semi-arid areas in India with associated shifts during 1971-2004." Journal of Agrometeorology 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v15i1.1431.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change is one of the major challenges in 21st century faced by Agriculture in India, more so in the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT) of the country. In recent years, natural and anthropogenic factors have impacted climate variability and contributed to a large extent to climate change. Based on one degree gridded data of India Meteorological Department (IMD) for 34 years (1971-2004), climatic water balances are computed for 351 pixels in India and used for classifying in to six climate types following Thornthwaite’s moisture regime classification and areas falling under different climatic zones in India are delineated. Considerable changes in the country’s climate area observed between the two periods; 1971-90 and 1991-2004. Increased semi-arid area by 8.45 M ha in five states viz., Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Punjab, and decreased semi-arid area by 5 M ha in eleven states, contributed to overall increase in SAT area of 3.45 M ha in the country.Overall, there has been a net reduction of 10.71 M ha in the dry sub-humid area in the country. Results indicated that dryness and wetness are increasing in different parts of the country in the place of moderate climates existing earlier in these regions. ICRISAT’s Hypothesis of Hope through Integrated Genetic and Natural Resources Management(IGNRM) using climate ready crops and Integrated Watershed Management could be a potential adaptation strategy by bridging the yield gaps for developing climate resilient agriculture in the country.
4
Singh, Pramod K., and Harpalsinh Chudasama. "Pathways for climate change adaptations in arid and semi-arid regions." Journal of Cleaner Production 284 (February 2021): 124744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124744.
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5
Kariuki, Robert Kariuki. "Counter Measures Used by Pastoralist in Arid Areas on Environmental Hazards. A Critical Literature Review." International Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 2, no. 2 (November 23, 2022): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijpid.1138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: Climate variability, population explosion, and poverty have lowered the adaptive capacity to climate variability of pastoralists in arid and semi-arid areas. The overall objective of this study was to examine counter measures used by pastoralist in arid areas on environmental hazards. A critical literature review
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study concluded that about 14.8% of the residents in arid and semi-arid areas depend on relatives for economic support, while 3.3% depend on friends, 0.7% on loans for women groups, and 1.3% on government projects for support. About 73.0% do not have other sources of livelihood. Dependence on relatives and friends for economic support increases vulnerability to climate variability because it does not provide a consistent income source. Moreover, a lack of livelihood diversification increases vulnerability to climate variability. About 94.70% of the residents do not benefit from cash transfer programs. The 5.30% who receive cash transfers receive it from the government and NGOs. However, most residents do not benefit from cash transfers, which is a sign of poor coordination between the government and NGOs.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the relevant governments in arid and semi-arid areas should formulate and implement appropriate policies and strategies to improve adaptive capacity of women to climate variability in arid and semi-arid areas because most of the taboos in arid and semi-arid target women and reduce their ability to cope with climate variability. Programs to strengthen their adaptation strategies should also be introduced because most of their livelihood diversification methods such as charcoal burning contribute to environmental degradation and consequently to global warming.
6
Zhou, Yanqing, Yaoming Li, Wei Li, Feng Li, and Qinchuan Xin. "Ecological Responses to Climate Change and Human Activities in the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Xinjiang in China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding the impacts and extent of both climate change and human activities on ecosystems is crucial to sustainable development. With low anti-interference ability, arid and semi-arid ecosystems are particularly sensitive to disturbances from both climate change and human activities. We investigated how and to what extent climate variation and human activities influenced major indicators that are related to ecosystem functions and conditions in the past decades in Xinjiang, a typical arid and semi-arid region in China. We analyzed the changing trends of evapotranspiration (ET), gross primary productivity (GPP) and leaf area index (LAI) derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite product and the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) model in Xinjiang for different climate zones. We separated and quantified the contributions of climate forcing and human activities on the trends of the studied ecosystem indicators using the residual analysis method for different climate zones in Xinjiang. The results show that GPP and LAI increased and ET decreased from 2001 to 2015 in Xinjiang. Factors that dominate the changes in ecosystem indicators vary considerably across different climate zones. Precipitation plays a positive role in impacting vegetation indicators in arid and hyper-arid zones and temperature has a negative correlation with both GPP and LAI in hyper-arid zones in Xinjiang. Results based on residual analysis indicate that human activities could account for over 72% of variation in the changes in each ecosystem indicator. Human activities have large impacts on each vegetation indicator change in hyper-arid and arid zones and their relative contribution has a mean value of 79%. This study quantifies the roles of climate forcing and human activities in the changes in ecosystem indicators across different climate zones, suggesting that human activities largely influence ecosystem processes in the arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang in China.
7
Le Roux, J. S., and Z. N. Roos. "Wash erosion on a debris covered slope in a semi-arid climate." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 30, no. 4 (February 11, 1987): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/30/1987/477.
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8
Na, Risu, Li Na, Haibo Du, Hong S. He, Yin Shan, Shengwei Zong, Lirong Huang, Yue Yang, and Zhengfang Wu. "Vegetation Greenness Variations and Response to Climate Change in the Arid and Semi-Arid Transition Zone of the Mongo-Lian Plateau during 1982–2015." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 4066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetation greenness dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions are sensitive to climate change, which is an important phenomenon in global climate change research. However, the driving mechanism, particularly for the longitudinal and latitudinal changes in vegetation greenness related to climate change, has been less studied and remains poorly understood in arid and semi-arid areas. In this study, we investigated changes in vegetation greenness and the vegetation greenness line (the mean growing season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) = 0.1 contour line) and its response to climate change based on AVHRR-GIMMS NDVI3g and the fifth and latest global climate reanalysis dataset from 1982 to 2015 in the arid and semi-arid transition zone of the Mongolian Plateau (ASTZMP). The results showed that the mean growing season NDVI increased from the central west to east, northeast, and southeast in ASTZMP. The vegetation greenness line migrated to the desert during 1982–1994, to the grassland during 1994–2005, and then to the desert during 2005–2015. Vegetation greenness was positively correlated with precipitation and negatively correlated with temperature. The latitudinal variation of the vegetation greenness line was mainly affected by the combination of precipitation and temperature, while the longitudinal variation was mainly affected by precipitation. In summary, precipitation was a key climatic factor driving rapid changes in vegetation greenness during the growing season of the transition zone. These results can provide meaningful information for research on vegetation coverage changes in arid and semi-arid regions.
9
Khalili, Ali, and Jaber Rahimi. "Potential impacts of climate change on precipitation patterns over Iran (an arid/semi-arid climate)." International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhst.2019.10024453.
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Rahimi, Jaber, and Ali Khalili. "Potential impacts of climate change on precipitation patterns over Iran (an arid/semi-arid climate)." International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhst.2019.102908.
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11
Castellini, Mirko, Simone Di Prima, Ryan Stewart, Marcella Biddoccu, Mehdi Rahmati, and Vincenzo Alagna. "Advances in Ecohydrology for Water Resources Optimization in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas." Water 14, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conserving water resources is a current challenge that will become increasingly urgent in future due to climate change. The arid and semi-arid areas of the globe are expected to be particularly affected by changes in water availability. Consequently, advances in ecohydrology sciences, i.e., the interplay between ecological and hydrological processes, are necessary to enhance the understanding of the critical zone, optimize water resources’ usage in arid and semi-arid areas, and mitigate climate change. This Special Issue (SI) collected 10 original contributions on sustainable land management and the optimization of water resources in fragile environments that are at elevated risk due to climate change. In this context, the topics mainly concern transpiration, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, deep percolation, and related issues. The collection of manuscripts presented in this SI represents knowledge of ecohydrology. It is expected that ecohydrology will have increasing applications in the future. Therefore, it is realistic to assume that efforts to increase environmental sustainability and socio-economic development, with water as a central theme, will have a greater chance of success.
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Tunç, Gamze, and Harun Kaman. "Water Harvesting Techniques and Importance for Arid and Semi-Arid Areas." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 12 (December 20, 2022): 2554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i12.2554-2559.5592.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is foreseen that there may be a water crisis in the next years due to global climate change, the need for food with the increasing population and the need for fresh water. Due to the scarcity of freshwater resources and the difficulty in access to quality water, water resources should be used in the most efficient way. Water conservation is of great importance in regions where water is scarce. The water harvesting method, which allows rainwater to be collected, stored and reused could be applied in various ways. In this study, water harvesting methods and techniques aiming to develop a strategy that will provide maximum benefit from rainwater in arid and semi-arid areas are discussed.
13
Wang, Miao, Puxing Liu, Xuemei Qiao, Wenyang Si, and Lu Liu. "Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Dry-Wet Conditions and Boundaries in Five Provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2021): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111499.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of dry-wet climate boundaries in the context of climate warming is of great practical significance for improving the environment of ecologically fragile zones and promoting economic and natural sustainable development. In this study, based on the daily meteorological data of 110 stations, using the wetness index, empirical orthogonal function decomposition, regime shift detection test, Fourier power spectrum, and Kriging interpolation, the researchers analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of dry-wet conditions and boundaries in five provinces of Northwest China from 1960 to 2020. The results showed that the overall wetness index increased in the past 61 years, but with significant internal differences, among which the western and central climate tended to be warm and wet, and the eastern tended to be warm and dry. The annual wetness index changed abruptly in 1986 with cycles of 3.61 a, 7.11 a and 8.83 a. The mutations occurred correspondingly in spring, summer, autumn, and winter in 1972, 1976, 1983, and 1988, with periods of 3.88 a and 4.92 a, 2.18 a and 2.81 a, 2.15 a, and 2.10 a, respectively. The dry-wet climate boundary has fluctuated markedly since 1960. The extreme arid and arid regions boundary shifted southward and shrank in size until the extreme arid region disappeared in the 2010s. The arid along with semi-arid regions and semi-arid in addition to semi-humid regions boundaries both have two boundary lines, and show the shift of the northwestern boundary to the southeast and the southeastern boundary to the northwest, with the area of the arid together with semi-arid regions shrinking significantly by 5.64%, simultaneously, the area of the semi-humid region area expanding significantly by 84.11%. The boundary of semi-humid and relatively humid regions, and the boundary of relatively humid and humid regions all shifted to the southeast, moreover, the area of the relatively humid region and humid region shrank significantly by 12.08%. The expansion of semi-humid region and the contraction of other climate regions are characteristics of the dry-wet climate variability in five provinces of Northwest China. The area of the three arid climate zones dwindled by 9.61%, and the area of the three humid zones extended by 39.01%. Obviously, the climate inclined to be warm and humid in general.
14
Blight, Geoffrey E., and Andries B. Fourie. "Experimental landfill caps for semi-arid and arid climates." Waste Management & Research 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x05052458.
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H., Babazadeh, and A. Shamsnia S. "Modeling climate variables using time series analysis in arid and semi arid regions." African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 26 (June 27, 2014): 2018–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar11.1128.
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16
José, Daniel Pabón-Caicedo, and Carlos Alarcón-Hincapié Juan. "THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS OF COLOMBIA." Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” 1, no. 22 (January 1, 2016): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2414-9179-2016-1-22-56-62.
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Yair, Aaron, and Adar Kossovsky. "Climate and surface properties: hydrological response of small arid and semi-arid watersheds." Geomorphology 42, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(01)00072-1.
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Jury, Mark R. "Spreading of the semi-arid climate across South Africa." Journal of Water and Climate Change 12, no. 8 (October 1, 2021): 3734–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The eastward shift of semi-arid climate across South Africa is studied using satellite assimilated cloud cover, vegetation temperature and potential evaporation 1981–2019, and 21st century coupled model projections. Semi-arid thresholds over the plateau have shifted hundreds of kilometers eastward in the Vaal River catchment for potential evaporation, cloud fraction, and vegetation temperature. Coastal cloudiness has also changed due to sea breezes modified by shelf zone sea temperatures. Processes underlying the spread of semi-arid conditions across South Africa are quantified. Desiccation is related to greater westerly airflow, as the atmospheric boundary layer over the Kalahari preferentially links with the upper-level circulation. Warm dry spells and climate change enhance the meridional temperature gradient and accelerate the sub-tropical jet at both short- and long timescales. According to observations and reanalysis, dry westerlies prevail during the afternoon and induce +0.2 °C/year trends in vegetation temperature over the Highveld during the study period. Coupled model projections show that semi-arid conditions expand eastward from Bloemhof (25.5°E) by 50,000 km2, altering future adaptation strategies.
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Rodriguez, Victoria, Lisa-Marie Moskwa, Rómulo Oses, Peter Kühn, Nicolás Riveras-Muñoz, Oscar Seguel, Thomas Scholten, and Dirk Wagner. "Impact of Climate and Slope Aspects on the Composition of Soil Bacterial Communities Involved in Pedogenetic Processes along the Chilean Coastal Cordillera." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil bacteria play a fundamental role in pedogenesis. However, knowledge about both the impact of climate and slope aspects on microbial communities and the consequences of these items in pedogenesis is lacking. Therefore, soil-bacterial communities from four sites and two different aspects along the climate gradient of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera were investigated. Using a combination of microbiological and physicochemical methods, soils that developed in arid, semi-arid, mediterranean, and humid climates were analyzed. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes were found to increase in abundance from arid to humid climates, while Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes decreased along the transect. Bacterial-community structure varied with climate and aspect and was influenced by pH, bulk density, plant-available phosphorus, clay, and total organic-matter content. Higher bacterial specialization was found in arid and humid climates and on the south-facing slope and was likely promoted by stable microclimatic conditions. The presence of specialists was associated with ecosystem-functional traits, which shifted from pioneers that accumulated organic matter in arid climates to organic decomposers in humid climates. These findings provide new perspectives on how climate and slope aspects influence the composition and functional capabilities of bacteria, with most of these capabilities being involved in pedogenetic processes.
20
H. HAFTOM, A. HAFTU, K. GOITOM, and H. MESERET. "Agroclimatic zonation of Tigray region of Ethiopia based on aridity index and traditional agro-climatic zones." Journal of Agrometeorology 21, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v21i2.229.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to identify the agroclimatic zones of Tigray region based on aridity index and traditional agroclimatic zone using 37-year (1981-2017) spatial climate data downloaded for Tigray region from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) for rainfall and from Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) data for temperature. Arc map 10.3 was used for mapping of all climatic variables and zonation of agro-climatic zones. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) was computed based on Hargreaves formula and the aridity index was computed. Besides, the digital elevation model was downloaded from ASTER data. The aridity map of Tigray divided into three index zones (0.03-0.2, 0.2–0.5 and 0.5–0.65) and five traditional agro-climate zones (<1500,1500-2000,2000- 2500, 2500-3000, >3000 m.a.s.l.) were overlaid, which divided entire region of Tigray into fifteen agroclimatic zones. Hot semi-arid, warm semi-arid, tepid semi-arid and hot arid were the dominant zones in the region.
21
NISHA SAHU, G. P. OBI REDDY, B. DASH, NIRMAL KUMAR, and S. K. SINGH. "Assessment on spatial extent of arid and semi-arid climatic zones of India using GIS." Journal of Agrometeorology 23, no. 2 (October 24, 2021): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v23i2.66.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, a quantitative assessment of spatial extent of arid and semi-arid climatic zones of India was performed for the period from 1988 to 2018 using potential evapo-transpiration (PET) calculated by Modified Penman Method, estimated from global climate data sets. Climatic water balances computed for 625 stations across the country are used for classifying to bio-climate types based on moisture index and areas falling under arid climatic zones in India are delineated using ArcGIS 10.5. It was noticed a considerable changes in the country’s arid and semi-arid climatic zones between the two periods; 1992 and 2018. Overall, there has been a net percent change in hyper arid, typic arid and semi arid (dry) areas is 5.62, 1.62 and 7.17 percent, respectively. Dryness and wetness are increasing in different parts of the country. There is also change in rainfall, PET and moisture index over a period of time which is vital to determine aridity pattern of any region. Thus, results are of great significance for studying the assessment of temporal and spatial dry climatic water balance of India, which can help immensely in the management of water resources and sustainability of crop production under changing climatic conditions.
22
Aldrees, A. "Climatic impact on Rainfall Analysis in Al-Madinah Munawwara Region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012032.
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Abstract Long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns are referred to as climate change. Climate change and rainfall distribution are inextricably linked to arid and semi-arid regions. Saudi Arabia is entirely located in arid and semi-arid areas, and the arid climate that covers the majority of Saudi Arabia is typically characterized by large temporal and spatial variations in rainfall distribution. The availability of long-term rainfall depth records would be beneficial for studying the impact of climate change. This study aimed to assess the impact of climate change on rainfall analysis based on rainfall data generated by the HYFRAN-PLUS model during 1960–1990 and 1990–2020. Four rain-gauge stations near the Al-Madinah Munawwara region, namely Al Faqir, Umm Al Birak, Madinah Monawara, and Bir Al Mashi, were chosen for statistical analysis. The 1990–2020 rainfall data showed a significant climate change impact on the rainfall analysis at the Umm Al Birak station that was greater than that of the 1960–1990 data. The results of this study provide useful information for water resource planners and urban engineers to assess water availability and create appropriate storage systems considering climate change since 1960.
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Scarnecchia, David L., A. Henderson-Sellers, and A. J. Pitman. "Vegetation and Climate Interactions in Semi-Arid Regions." Journal of Range Management 46, no. 4 (July 1993): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4002477.
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Maia, V. M., F. S. Oliveira, R. F. Pegoraro, I. Aspiazú, and M. C. T. Pereira. "‘Pérola’ pineapple growth under semi-arid climate conditions." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1111 (February 2016): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1111.38.
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25
George, Richard H. "Growing carnivorous plants in a semi-arid climate." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 23, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn232.rg634.
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DIJKSTRA, HENK A. "VEGETATION PATTERN FORMATION IN A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, no. 12 (December 2011): 3497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127411030696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A partial bifurcation diagram of a reaction–diffusion type model of two-dimensional vegetation patterns in a semi-arid climate is computed using numerical continuation techniques. In previous studies with this model, it has been shown that two positive feedbacks (the infiltration feedback and precipitation feedback) may influence the type of vegetation patterns which appear under a certain precipitation forcing. In this bifurcation study, first the case is considered where the infiltration feedback is the only positive feedback. The partial bifurcation diagram of the different steady states is more complicated than earlier model results have suggested and provides insight into how the pattern selection process takes place. Finally, it is shown that when the precipitation feedback is included, the bifurcation diagram is only shifted to smaller precipitation values.
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Xu, Jinqin, Xiaochen Zhu, Mengxi Li, Xinfa Qiu, Dandan Wang, and Zhenyu Xu. "Shifts in Dry-Wet Climate Regions over China and Its Related Climate Factors between 1960–1989 and 1990–2019." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020719.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The shifts in dry-wet climate regions are a natural response to climate change and have a profound impact on the regional agriculture and ecosystems. In this paper, we divided China into four dry-wet climate regions, i.e., arid, semi-arid, semi-humid, and humid regions, based on the humidity index (HI). A comparison of the two 30-year periods, i.e., 1960–1989 and 1990–2019, revealed that there was a shift in climate type in each dry-wet climate region, with six newly formed transitions, and the total area of the shifts to wetter conditions was more than two times larger than that of the shifts to drier conditions. Interestingly, the shifts to drier types were basically distributed in the monsoon region (east of 100∘ E) and especially concentrated in the North China Plain where agricultural development relies heavily on irrigation, which would increase the challenges in dealing with water shortage and food production security under a warming climate. The transitions to wetter types were mainly distributed in western China (west of 100∘ E), and most areas of the Junggar Basin have changed from arid to semi-arid region, which should benefit the local agricultural production and ecological environment to some extent. Based on a contribution analysis method, we further quantified the impacts of each climate factor on HI changes. Our results demonstrated that the dominant factor controlling HI changes in the six newly formed transition regions was P, followed by air temperature (Ta). In the non-transition zones of the arid and semi-arid regions, an increase in P dominated the increase of HI. However, in the non-transition zones of the semi-humid and humid region with a more humid background climate, the thermal factors (e.g., Ta, and net radiation (Rn)) contributed more than or equivalent to the contribution of P to HI change. These findings can provide scientific reference for water resources management and sustainable agricultural development in the context of climate change.
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Williams, C. Jason, and S. Kossi Nouwakpo. "Introduction to the Special Issue “Ecohydrologic Feedbacks between Vegetation, Soil, and Climate”." Water 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetation transitions on arid and semi-arid landscapes present unique opportunities for examining structural and functional (pattern and process) ecohydrologic feedbacks that regulate site ecological resilience [...]
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Mohammed, Ruqayah, and Miklas Scholz. "Climate Variability Impact on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought and Aridityin Arid and Semi-Arid Regions." Water Resources Management 33, no. 15 (December 2019): 5015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02397-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractInvestigating the spatiotemporal distribution of climate data and their impact on the allocation of the regional aridity and meteorological drought, particularly in semi-arid and arid climate, it is critical to evaluate the climate variability effect and propose sufficient adaptation strategies. The coefficient of variation, precipitation concentration index and anomaly index were used to evaluate the climate variability, while the Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope were applied for trend analysis, together with homogeneity tests. The aridity was evaluated using the alpha form of the reconnaissance drought index (Mohammed & Scholz, Water Resour Manag 31(1):531–538, 2017c), whereas drought episodes were predicted by applying three of the commonly used meteorological drought indices, which are the standardised reconnaissance drought index, standardized precipitation index and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. The Upper Zab River Basin (UZRB), which is located in the northern part of Iraq and covers a high range of climate variability, has been considered as an illustrative basin for arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. There were general increasing trends in average temperature and potential evapotranspiration and decreasing trends in precipitation from the upstream to the downstream of the UZRB. The long-term analysis of climate data indicates that the number of dry years has temporally risen and the basin has experienced succeeding years of drought, particularly after 1994/1995. There was a potential link between drought, aridity and climate variability. Pettitt’s, SNHT, Buishand’s and von Neumann’s homogeneity test results demonstrated that there is an evident alteration in the mean of the drought and aridity between the pre- and post-alteration point (1994).
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Al-Zamili, Hanan S., and Alaa M. Al-Lami. "Assessment of spatial distributions of some climate indices in Iraq." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, no. 4 (July 4, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i4.217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aridity is one of the main factors which distinguish the climate of a region and has significant influence on human activities. This study investigated the spatial distribution of the aridity indices to determine the climate conditions in Iraq over the period (1981-2015), depending on the data of the air temperature and rainfall which obtained from 28 stations distributed through Iraq. The used aridity indices are: Lang, Erinc, Emberger, UNEP, De Martonne and Thornthwaite. The spatial distribution was determined using inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolated method. The results of aridity indices analysis shows that the hyper-arid, arid, and semi-arid categories are predominant with almost (91%) to (100%) of the country’s area. Dry sub-humid, moist sub-humid and humid categories occupies less than (10%) with most of indices at stations of (Arbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Salahaddin). To evaluate the seasonal spatial distributions, De Martonne was utilized. During winter, the climate types ranged from semi-arid to very-humid, while at spring season from arid to humid. Autumn season dominated by arid at (97%) of study area. The summer season was the driest compared with the other seasons. The change point for aridity indices was detected by using the cumulative sum charts (CUSUMs), it is found for the most stations in (1997). Consequently, the spatial distribution for the aridity indices were analyzed through two periods (1981-1997 and 1998-2015), this analysis showed that the arid and hyper-arid areas were increased in the second period compared with the first period with obvious extension toward the north of Iraq.
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Cowling, R. M., K. J. Esler, G. F. Midgley, and M. A. Honig. "Plant functional diversity, species diversity and climate in arid and semi-arid southern Africa." Journal of Arid Environments 27, no. 2 (June 1994): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1994.1054.
Повний текст джерела
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Gurski, Bruno César, Daniela Jerszurki, and Jorge Luiz Moretti de Souza. "Alternative Methods of Reference Evapotranspiration for Brazilian Climate Types." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 33, no. 3 (September 2018): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-7786333015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The choice of consistent alternative methods is essential for the improvement of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation for different climatic regions. Due to a critical gap in knowledge concerning the most adequate alternative ETo methods for the climatic conditions in Paraná, Brazil, this study aimed to test and to evaluate the main estimation alternative methods (Thornthwaite - EToTH; Camargo - EToC; Hargreaves and Samani - EToHS; Linacre - EToL; and, Budyko - EToB) for the subtropical (Cfb) and semi-arid (Bsh) climate types in Brazil. We compared our results with standard EToPM (Penman-Monteith) estimated between 1970 and 2015, using the minimum and maximum air temperature (T), sunshine hours (n), relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (U2). Least square regression analysis of ETo estimated by alternative methods vs EToPM were used to calibrate the methods for each analyzed climate type. The performance of calibrated and noncalibrated methods was evaluated by index of agreement “d” and performance “c”, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean error (ME). Our results showed the importance of calibration process of alternative methods for the improvement of ETo estimations in Brazil. The Hargreaves and Samani and Linacre calibrated methods showed better performance in the subtropical and semi-arid climates, respectively. Also, the Linacre and Budyko calibrated methods were particularly robust in subtropical and semi-arid climates, outlining the importance of continuous measurements of T used in the EToL and EToB modeling effort. The results presented here showed the importance to calibrate the alternative methods on ETo estimations and outlined the need for improvement and proposition of new ETo methods based on a limited number of climatic variables commonly available in subtropical and semi-arid climates in Brazil.
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Er-Raki, Salah, and Abdelghani Chehbouni. "Remote Sensing in Irrigated Crop Water Stress Assessment." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15040911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Optimizing water management in agriculture is of crucial importance, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where the existing water shortage is exacerbated by human activities and climate change [...]
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Jia, Qiong, Mengfei Li, and Xuecheng Dou. "Climate Change Affects Crop Production Potential in Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study in Dingxi, Northwest China, in Recent 30 Years." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crop production potential (CPP) is profoundly affected by the change in climate factors (e.g., precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation) brought about by climate change, which ultimately affects the quantity and yield of crops. In China, arid and semi-arid regions are mainly located in the western regions and occupy around 59% of the land area. In order to identify the most important climatic factors restricting the increase in CPP and planting systems in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China, the changes in climate factors, CPP, and their correlation and planting systems were analyzed based on a representative semi-arid location, Dingxi, of Gansu province, from 1989 to 2019. The results showed that the temperature and precipitation increased by 0.89 °C and 26.61 mm, respectively, whereas solar radiation decreased by 5–6 d. The standard CPP of five crops (wheat, corn, potato, Chinese herbal medicines, and vegetables) increased by 655.09 kg/ha (1.09-fold), and precipitation played a more important role in improving CPP than other climate factors. Although there were positive correlations between the standard CPP and the five crops’ actual yields, no significant relationships were observed. The total cultivation area of the five crops showed a 215.55 × 103 ha (1.75-fold) increase with a 8.91-, 2.33-, 8.73- and 3.10-fold increase for corn, potato, Chinese herbal medicines, and vegetables, respectively, plus a 2.58-fold decrease for wheat. The agricultural ecosystem’s adaptability presented an obvious increase, especially from 2013 to 2019, although the agricultural natural environment factor maintained a low level. These findings provide scientific and technological support for the adjustment of planting structure, optimization of agricultural arrangement and development of water-saving agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China.
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Güntner, A., J. Olsson, A. Calver, and B. Gannon. "Cascade-based disaggregation of continuous rainfall time series: the influence of climate." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-145-2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Rainfall data of high temporal resolution are required in a multitude of hydrological applications. In the present paper, a temporal rainfall disaggregation model is applied to convert daily time series into an hourly resolution. The model is based on the principles of random multiplicative cascade processes. Its parameters are dependent on (1) the volume and (2) the position in the rainfall sequence of the time interval with rainfall to be disaggregated. The aim is to compare parameters and performance of the model between two contrasting climates with different rainfall generating mechanisms, a semi-arid tropical (Brazil) and a temperate (United Kingdom) climate. In the range of time scales studied, the scale-invariant assumptions of the model are approximately equally well fulfilled for both climates. The model parameters differ distinctly between climates, reflecting the dominance of convective processes in the Brazilian rainfall and of advective processes associated with frontal passages in the British rainfall. In the British case, the parameters exhibit a slight seasonal variation consistent with the higher frequency of convection during summer. When applied for disaggregation, the model reproduces a range of hourly rainfall characteristics with a high accuracy in both climates. However, the overall model performance is somewhat better for the semi-arid tropical rainfall. In particular, extreme rainfall in the UK is overestimated whereas extreme rainfall in Brazil is well reproduced. Transferability of parameters in time is associated with larger uncertainty in the semi-arid climate due to its higher interannual variability and lower percentage of rainy intervals. For parameter transferability in space, no restrictions are found between the Brazilian stations whereas in the UK regional differences are more pronounced. The overall high accuracy of disaggregated data supports the potential usefulness of the model in hydrological applications. Keywords: Rainfall, temporal disaggregation, random cascade, scaling, semi-arid, temperate climate.
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Saeed, F. H., M. S. Al-Khafaji, and F. Al-Faraj. "Hydrologic response of arid and semi-arid river basins in Iraq under a changing climate." Journal of Water and Climate Change 13, no. 3 (February 14, 2022): 1225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.418.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract An assessment of the total hydrologic response of arid and semi-arid river basins to various scenarios of climate change by considering evapotranspiration, streamflow, and snowmelt is essential for sustainable management of water resources. The Diyala River Basin in Iraq has been chosen as a typical case study of dozens of river basins in arid and semi-arid regions. Here, the Long Ashton Research Station-Weather Generator (LARS-WG), the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (CUP) were used to evaluate the total response by considering three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs); RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 over three periods, 2021–2040, 2041–2061, and 2061–2080. The results indicate that by the year 2080, the basin will experience a temperature increase by 6.6, 10.1, and 16.6% for RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5, respectively. The corresponding reduction in precipitation will be 3.2, 6.4, and 8.7%, resulting in 38.8, 47.9, and 52.8% fall in streamflow for RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. Due to the increase in temperature, an earlier and less contribution of snowmelt is expected in the projected streamflow. Our findings provide a useful reference and a guide to decision makers for developing adaption plans to sustainably manage water resources in the Diyala River Basin and other similar basins in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Gibson, A., EP Bachelard, and KT Hubick. "Relationship Between Climate and Provenance Variation in Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh." Functional Plant Biology 22, no. 3 (1995): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9950453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The morphology and physiology of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings grown from seed collected from two locations in the dry tropics, two in the humid tropics and two in semi-arid Northern Australia were compared in phytotron growth cabinets under well-watered and water-limited conditions and diurnal temperature ranges of 30-25 and 22-15�C. Seedlings from the two locations in each climate resembled each other more closely than they resembled seedlings from the other climates across the range of conditions tested. When water-limited, seedlings from the dry tropical and semi-arid climates had a higher allocation of dry matter to roots than seedlings from the humid tropics. However, those from the dry tropics shed their lower leaves and initiated small-leaved axillary shoots while those from the semi-arid climate retained their leaves and did not produce axillary shoots. In contrast, seedlings from the humid tropics responded by reduced gas (CO2 and H2O) exchange without changes in morphology or allocation of dry matter. These responses are appropriate for growth in each climate and are consistent with observations made on wild trees in the field, on trees in plantations overseas and also with data from seedlings grown in earlier glasshouse experiments.
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Torabi Haghighi, Ali, Nizar Abou Zaki, Pekka M. Rossi, Roohollah Noori, Ali Akbar Hekmatzadeh, Hossein Saremi, and Bjørn Kløve. "Unsustainability Syndrome—From Meteorological to Agricultural Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions." Water 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030838.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water is the most important resource for sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions, where agriculture is the mainstay for rural societies. By relating the water usage to renewable water resources, we define three stages from sustainable to unsustainable water resources: (1) sustainable, where water use is matched by renewable water capacity, ensuring sustainable water resources; (2) transitional, where water use occasionally exceeds renewable water capacity; and (3) unsustainable, with lack of water resources for agriculture, society, and the environment. Using available drought indicators (standardized precipitation index (SPI) and streamflow drought index (SDI)) and two new indices for agricultural drought (overall agricultural drought index (OADI) and agricultural drought index (ADI)), we evaluated these stages using the example of Fars province in southern Iran in the period 1977–2016. A hyper-arid climate prevailed for an average of 32% of the province’s spatio-temporal coverage during the study period. The area increased significantly from 30.6% in the first decade (1977–1986) to 44.4% in the last (2006–2015). The spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological drought showed no significant negative trends in annual precipitation during 1977–2016, but the occurrence of hydrological droughts increased significantly in the period 1997–2016. The expansion of irrigated area, with more than 60% of rainfed agriculture replaced by irrigated agriculture (especially between 1997 and 2006), exerted substantial pressure on surface water and groundwater resources. Together, climate change, reduced river flow, and significant declines in groundwater level in major aquifers led to unsustainable use of water resources, a considerable reduction in irrigated area, and unsustainability in agricultural production in the period 2006–2015. Analysis of causes and effects of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought in the area identified three clear stages: before 1997 being sustainable, 1997–2006 being transitional, and after 2006 being unsustainable.
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Zhao, Yan, Hongyan Liu, Furong Li, Xiaozhong Huang, Jinghui Sun, Wenwei Zhao, Ulrike Herzschuh, and Yu Tang. "Application and limitations of the Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae pollen ratio in arid and semi-arid China." Holocene 22, no. 12 (July 24, 2012): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683612449762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratio is assumed to be a useful index for reconstructing moisture changes in arid and semi-arid regions. Thorough modern pollen studies are still lacking to understand the reliability and limitation of A/C ratio as a moisture indicator, however. Here we review how well this ratio can be applied in arid and semi-arid China on the basis of new surface pollen data, previous data synthesis and other publications. Results indicate that variance in the A/C ratio can permit identification of modern vegetation types and that the A/C ratio generally has a positive relationship with annual precipitation. However, soil salinity, vegetation community composition, human activity and sample provenance (e.g. soil and lake sediments) will affect the values of the A/C ratio in different vegetation zones and therefore the A/C ratio is not comparable in different regions. We argue that the A/C ratio can only be used to reconstruct vegetation types and climate change in regions with precipitation <450–500 mm, and in steppe, steppe desert and desert areas. Careful studies should be undertaken to understand the modern pollen–vegetation–climate relationships in various regions before using the A/C ratio to interpret vegetation and climate.
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Hag Husein, Hussam, Bernhard Lucke, Rupert Bäumler, and Wahib Sahwan. "A Contribution to Soil Fertility Assessment for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands." Soil Systems 5, no. 3 (August 4, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5030042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil fertility must be viewed as a dynamic concept that involves the constant cycling of nutrients between organic and inorganic forms. In this context, it refers also to supply adequate amounts of water and aeration for plant growth. Soil fertility under arid and semi-arid lands is constrained not only by limited water availability but also by small organic matter contents. Most fertility assessment systems are based on organic matter contents as the main parameter. However, crop experiments from various irrigated arid and semi-arid soils indicate that productivity is less-affected by organic matter contents than assumed. Therefore, we propose a new soil fertility system for dryland soils. It is a rule-based set of algorithms, mainly using additions and subtractions. Soil, climate, and landscape factors are integrated to calculate the numerical value of fertility for a given soil. We expect the system, which is focused on soil properties that keep or increase optimum soil moisture (such as texture), to be applicable in arid and semi-arid lands and to provide more realistic estimates of fertility regarding agricultural purposes. The manuscript will provide an outline of the main aspects of the system, illustrated by various case applications.
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Matere, Stella Jane, Rono John Busienei, and Oliver Lee Ernest Mbatia. "IMPACT OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ON NET RETURNS IN SMALLHOLDER PIGEON PEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SEMI-ARID KENYA." International Journal of Agriculture 5, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ija.1111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: Improved pigeon pea varieties were promoted in semi-arid areas of Kenya to improve smallholder pigeon pea production systems resilience to climate change. However, the impact of adoption is unknown. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of adoption on farming households’ net farm returns in semi-arid South Eastern Kenya in the context of adaptation to climate change. The objectives were to (i)describe farmer’s perceptions on production of improved varieties of pigeon peas as an adaptation strategy to climate change, (ii) evaluate the impact of the adoption on household’s net returns. Propensity score matching approach was used to assess the impact of the adoption.
Methodology: The study used cross sectional data gathered through household survey to evaluate the impact of adoption on farming households’ net farm returns in semi-arid South Eastern Kenya in the context of adaptation to climate change.. The study was conducted in semi-arid zones of Machakos County in South Eastern Kenya (SEK) namely Masinga, Mavoko and Mwala Wards. The areas were purposively selected for semi-arid semi-arid climatic conditions and dominant pigeon pea production.The study adopts the counterfactual approach and propensity score matching method to evaluate the impact of adopting improved pigeon peas on household net farm income. Data was analyzed using STATA 13.0 statistical package.
Findings: The results showed that 33 percent of the sampled households had adopted production of improved pigeon peas and they perceived adoption of the technology as an adaptation strategy to climate change viewed through tolerance to drought, pest and diseases, increased crop yield and shortened crop growth period. Improved pigeon peas significantly increased farmers’ net income, the adopter got a net farm income of KES 30,710 per acre per year that was KES 18, 631 more than non-adopting households.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that County Governments facilitate farmers to produce pigeon pea seeds through improved access to seed and linkage to reliable market for their farm produce to increase their farm income.
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Choubin, Bahram, Arash Malekian, and Mohammad Gloshan. "Application of several data-driven techniques to predict a standardized precipitation index." Atmósfera 29, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/atm.2016.29.02.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate modeling and prediction is important in water resources management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions that frequently suffer further from water shortages. The Maharlu-Bakhtegan basin, with an area of 31 000 km2 is a semi-arid and arid region located in southwestern Iran. Therefore, precipitation and water shortage in this area have many problems. This study presents a drought index modeling approach based on large-scale climate indices by using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), the M5P model tree and the multilayer perceptron (MLP). First, most of the climate signals were determined from 25 climate signals using factor analysis, and subsequently, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was predicted one to 12 months in advance with ANFIS, the M5P model tree and MLP. The evaluation of the models performance by error parameters and Taylor diagrams demonstrated that performance of the MLP is better than the other models. The results also revealed that the accuracy of prediction increased considerably by using climate indices of the previous month (t – 1) (RMSE = 0.802, ME = –0.002 and PBIAS = –0.47).
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Turner, D., B. Ostendorf, and M. Lewis. "An introduction to patterns of fire in arid and semi-arid Australia, 1998 - 2004." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fire is a crucial element in shaping our world, whether of natural or anthropogenic origin. These fires can have both positive and negative consequences and impacts on our natural environment, society and its economics, not to mention global climate. Previous analyses of fire regimes in arid and semi-arid Australia have been of limited spatial or temporal extent. This lack of knowledge has hampered attempts at effective fire management. Satellite imagery allows the continuous detection, monitoring and mapping of fires. Active fires can be detected as fire hotspots, and burned areas mapped as patches from the change of surface reflectance properties in successive images. Data from NOAA’s advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) were used to assess the distribution, seasonality, frequency, number and extent of fire hotspots (FHS) and fire affected areas (FAA) across the entire arid and semi-arid country of Australia from 1998 to 2004. Utilising both of these fire datasets is important, as they complement each other and provide a more robust analysis of fire patterns. Between 1998 and 2004 almost 27% of arid and semi-arid Australia burnt at least once. The main trends in fire distribution follow latitudinal rainfall gradients. Regression analysis also shows a strong relationship with the pattern of antecedent rainfall. The seasonality of fire events varies between climate zones in accordance with the varying distribution of precipitation and temperature, which influence fuel accumulation and curing. For the first time we have a picture of fire patterns across the entire arid and semi-arid regions of the country. This includes several high fire years in certain areas following above-average rainfall. This analysis highlights similarities and differences between regions, giving policy makers and managers a basis from which to make more informed decisions in the present, and with which to compare future regimes.
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YEROU, Houari, Benamar BELGHERBI, and Abdelkader HOMRANI. "Impact of heat stress on Holstein breeding performance conducted in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Case of Western Algeria." GABJ 5, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i3.152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dairy cattle husbandry systems in semi arid climate require adapting as a response to climate change. In this study, we focus on semi arid climate of Mediterranean region to assess the effect of heat stress on productive and physiological parameters of Holstein cows. The temperature-humidity index (THI), calculated as a combination of ambient temperature and relative humidity, was used to characterize heat stress. The averages of index (THI) are 71.7, 83.6 and 72.6 respectively for spring; summer and autumn. when the THI increased from average value 12 unit between spring and summer, the cows decreased their daily milk production (DMP) and dry matter intake (DMI) by 17.6 % kg/day and 22 % respectevelly. THI value was negatively correlated to DMP with regression equation DMP (kg /day) = -0,36THI+40.8 (r2 =0.72). in semi arid condition a daily increase was observed for RT, RR an HR respectively when the THI value increased from 71.7 to 83.6 (RT 38.6˚C to 39.1˚C; RR 49.3 inspiration/min to 71.6 inspiration/min and HR 52.6beat/min to 72.7 beat/min for spring and summer respectively) with positive correlation between THI and RR, HR and RT. significant seasonal variation was detected for all physiological parameters for spring, summer and autumn period. Summer heat stress affected the physiological functions of lactating Holstein cows reared under semi arid Mediterranean climatic conditions. The Holstein breed cows are sensitive to heat stress in semi arid conditions. In the context of cow breeding practiced in conditions of semi-arid heat stress, it is necessary to find alternatives in terms of management or genetic improvement, in order to alleviate the impact of climatic stress on performance and physiological parameters.
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El-Rawy, Mustafa, Okke Batelaan, Nassir Al-Arifi, Ali Alotaibi, Fathy Abdalla, and Mohamed Elsayed Gabr. "Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia." Water 15, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030606.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the coming years, climate change is predicted to impact irrigation water demand considerably, particularly in semi-arid regions. The aim of this research is to investigate the expected adverse impacts of climate change on water irrigation management in Saudi Arabia. We focus on the influence of climate change on irrigation water requirements in the Al Quassim (97,408 ha) region. Different climate models were used for the intermediate emission SSP2-4.5 and the high emission SSP5-8.5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) scenarios. The FAO-CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to calculate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using weather data from 13 stations from 1991 to 2020 and for both the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios for the 2040s, 2060s, 2080s, and 2100s. The findings indicated that, for the 2100s, the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios forecast annual average ETo increases of 0.35 mm/d (6%) and 0.7 mm/d (12.0%), respectively. Net irrigation water requirement (NIWR) and growth of irrigation water requirement (GIWR) for the main crops in the Al Quassim region were assessed for the current, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. For SSP5-8.5, the GIWR for the 2040s, 2060s, 2080s, and 2100s are expected to increase by 2.7, 6.5, 8.5, and 12.4%, respectively, compared to the current scenario (1584.7 million m3). As a result, there will be higher deficits in 2100 under SSP5-8.5 for major crops, with deficits of 15.1%, 10.7%, 8.3%, 13.9%, and 10.7% in the crop areas of wheat, clover, maize, other vegetables, and dates, respectively. Optimal irrigation planning, crop pattern selection, and modern irrigation technologies, combined with the proposed NIWR values, can support water resources management. The findings can assist managers and policymakers in better identifying adaptation strategies for areas with similar climates.
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Mehal, K. K. "Verbesina encelioides: A Fast Spreading Weed in Semi-arid Regions of North-Western India. Is Climate Change Responsible?" Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.48844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alterations in rainfall pattern and rise in temperature along with various anthropogenic disturbances are contributing greatly to biological invasion. In response to ongoing climate change, the sub-tropical and semi-arid regions are shifting towards dry deserts and arid regions, which create a propitious chance for the establishment of highly efficient and opportunistic invasive plant species at the cost of native vegetation. Verbesina encelioides is one of such exploitative plants spreading fast in many semi-arid as well as arid regions of the world. Although the presence of V. encelioides dates back to 1960s, but its emergence as a dominant invasive weed of dry areas is recent in India. The present study focused on the rapid spread of V. encelioides in the north-western states of India owing to its ecological traits as well as changing climate patterns of the country.
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Mehal, K. K. "Verbesina encelioides: A Fast Spreading Weed in Semi-arid Regions of North-Western India. Is Climate Change Responsible?" Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i1.48844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alterations in rainfall pattern and rise in temperature along with various anthropogenic disturbances are contributing greatly to biological invasion. In response to ongoing climate change, the sub-tropical and semi-arid regions are shifting towards dry deserts and arid regions, which create a propitious chance for the establishment of highly efficient and opportunistic invasive plant species at the cost of native vegetation. Verbesina encelioides is one of such exploitative plants spreading fast in many semi-arid as well as arid regions of the world. Although the presence of V. encelioides dates back to 1960s, but its emergence as a dominant invasive weed of dry areas is recent in India. The present study focused on the rapid spread of V. encelioides in the north-western states of India owing to its ecological traits as well as changing climate patterns of the country.
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Lancaster, Nicholas. "Arid geomorphology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 20, no. 1 (March 1996): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339602000107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geomorphic research in arid environments continues to attract a wide variety of researchers who employ a range of techniques to understand modem processes and landscape evolution in dry lands. A notable feature of much contemporary research is the collaboration between geomorphologists and those with specialized geochemical and geophysical knowledge, for example in the areas of exposure-age dating. Another significant development is the synergism (at least in the western USA) between environ mental and public policy concerns and fundamental geomorphic research. For example, the need to understand landform development and the history of climate in the region of the proposed high-level nuclear-waste storage facility at Yucca Mountain in southern Nevada has generated important fundamental research on soil-forming processes (Reheis et al., 1995), soil-landscape relations (Peterson et al., 1995), slope stability (Whitney and Harrington, 1993) and evidence for past groundwater discharge conditions (Quade et al., 1995). Similarly, concerns about the response of sensitive semi-arid areas to possible future climate change has stimulated research into the Holocene climatic history and aeolian environments of the Great Plains (Muhs and Maat, 1993; Forman et al., 1995; Loope et al., 1995; Madole, 1995; Muhs and Holliday, 1995; Wolfe et al., 1995) and the Negev Desert (Tsoar, 1995). Of particular importance is the realization that droughts and changes in sediment supply from fluvial systems within the past 150 yr have had effects on dune mobility that are comparable to some inferred Holocene climate changes (Muhs and Holliday, 1995).
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Eamus, Derek, and Anthony R. Palmer. "Is Climate Change a Possible Explanation for Woody Thickening in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions?" Research Letters in Ecology 2007 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/37364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased woody plant density (woody encroachment or woody thickening) is a globally observed phenomenon. Similarly, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and decreased pan evaporation rates are globally observed phenomena. In this paper, we propose that the former (increased woody plant density) is a product of the latter. We propose that decreased stomatal conductance and increased rates of carbon fixation arising from an enriched atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, in conjunction with reduced rates of pan evaporation, result in increased woody plant density. We suggest that this is analogous to the increased woody plant density that is observed along rainfall gradients that span arid to mesic environments. From this conceptual model, we make three predictions, namely, that (a) long-term trends in tree water-use-efficiency should reveal increased values; (b) run-off data should show an increase where woody thickening is occurring; (c) enrichedCO2experiments should reveal an enhanced plant water status. These three predictions are discussed and shown to be supported by experimental data.
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Feng, Jian, Lingdi Zhao, Yibo Zhang, Lingxiao Sun, Xiang Yu, and Yang Yu. "Can climate change influence agricultural GTFP in arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China?" Journal of Arid Land 12, no. 5 (September 2020): 837–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40333-020-0073-y.
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