Дисертації: "Archives of urban practices"

1

An, Xiaomi. "Towards a best practice framework for managing urban development archives : case studies from the UK and China." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367703.

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2

Smith, Anthony Wayne. "Best practices of high school principals for improving student achievement in urban schools." Click here to access dissertation, 2008. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/summer2008/anthony_w_smith/smith_anthony_w_200805_edd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2008.
"A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." Under the direction of Walter S. Polka. ETD. Electronic version approved: July 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-83) and appendices.

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3

White, Elizabeth Chattmon. "The perceptions of high school principals in a southeastern urban school district on leadership practices and parental involvement." Click here to access dissertation, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2007/elizabeth_c_graham/white_elizabeth_c_200701_edd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007.
"A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." In Education Administration, under the direction of Linda M. Arthur. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-124) and appendices.

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4

Tremblin, Mathieu. "Pratiques artistiques urbaines et création-recherche : récits d'expériences, dialogues et enjeux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2021/Tremblin_Mathieu_2021_ED520.pdf.

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L’objet de cette recherche-création doctorale en arts est d’apporter un éclairage spécifique sur lespratiques artistiques urbaines, commissionnées ou non, et de développer un champ deconnaissances sur la manière dont elles instruisent un mode d’interaction — entre usage,appropriation et partage — avec les espaces publics et leurs usagers. En partant de mon parcours, ils’agit de proposer une analyse des pratiques artistiques d’intervention artistique, afin d’en dégagerles perspectives, en conversation et en collaboration avec cette communauté d’artistes et d’acteursen miroir de l’émergence de l’art urbain comme champ de recherche académique. À partir del’analyse de cinq récits d’expériences artistiques, cette recherche ouvrirait et participerait à uneredéfinition du rôle de l’artiste urbain, en pointant sa qualité d’agent intermédiaire — à la foiscréateur, intervenant et chercheur — susceptible d’accompagner des transformationsurbanistiques et sociales
The purpose of this doctoral research-creation in arts is to highlight urban artistic practices in aparticular way, whether commissioned or not, and to develop a field of knowledge on the way inwhich they instruct a mode of interaction —between use, appropriation and sharing—with publicspaces and their users. Starting from my artistic journey, I will propose an analysis of artisticpractices of urban intervetion, in order to identify their perspectives, in conversation andcollaboration with this community of artists and actors, mirroring the emergence of street art as anacademic research field. From the analysis of five narratives of artistic experiences, this researchleads to and participates in a redefinition of the role of the street artist, pointing out their quality ofintermediary agent—at the same time creator, interventionist and researcher— likely toaccompany urbanistic and social transformations

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5

Wiewandt, Frank. "Archiving the digital image today's best practices of file preparation /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1131398443.

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6

Marineau-Pelletier, Amélie. "Écrire, traduire et conserver les lettres missives à Metz : enjeux documentaires et domination sociale des paraiges (XIVe-XVIe siècles)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0185.

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Conservée aux Archives municipales de Metz se trouve actuellement une collection de près de 1500 documents épistolaires datés entre 1383 et 1548 qui concernent la résolution de conflits entre la ville de Metz et les juridictions voisines. Mais, pour quelles raisons et à quelle fin les autorités urbaines accordèrent-elles tant de valeur à ces documents, justifiant d’en assurer la préservation sur la longue durée malgré leur nature éphémère une fois résolue la requête exposée dans la lettre ? Ce sont à ces questions que tente de répondre cette thèse. Par l’analyse détaillée de ce fonds documentaire pris dans son ensemble, il a été possible de porter un regard renouvelé sur la fabrique du pouvoir à la fin du Moyen, en plaçant au cœur de notre réflexion l’effet des pratiques documentaires sur la construction de la légitimité de la domination dans l’espace lorrain des groupes élitaires et détenteur du gouvernement de la ville de Metz : les paraiges. En nous fondant sur les apports récents de l’anthropologie de l’écrit et de l’anthropologie juridique, nous avons choisi d’adopter une approche documentaire qui consiste à examiner quantitativement et qualitativement les divers aspects (composition, matérialité, contenu) du fonds archivistique des lettres missives (AA18-AA28). Pour ce faire, nous avons eu recours à trois logiciels : Filemaker (analyse des éléments du système documentaire), TXM (analyse de textométrie) et QGIS (analyse des données spatiales). En considérant la collection comme un véritable système documentaire, il a été possible de révéler les liens structurant l’ensemble des pièces qui la composent (lettres originales, traductions, brouillons, copies, etc.) et de proposer quelques voies d’explication des fonctions médiévales de leur préservation pour les élites urbaines messines. L’analyse sérielle du matériel épistolaire a ainsi fait ressortir les fonctions juridiques, politiques et sociales attribuées aux lettres missives et les enjeux pour les paraiges de les préserver sur la longue durée. Plus qu’une question d’échange d’information, les lettres missives analysées possédaient une force motrice, puisqu’elles engageaient, voir contraignaient leurs destinataires à porter une action dans le but de rétablir les liens sociaux rompus ou mis à mal par la perpétration d’actions violentes considérées illégitimes. Inscrits dans le contexte des procédures amiables de la gestion de conflits issus de la faide, les choix conscients effectués par les paraiges pour assurer la préservation de ces documents et pour traiter cette volumineuse masse documentaire sont autant d’actions qui intervenaient dans la construction de l’image qu’ils se forgeaient d’eux-mêmes. Les lettres préservées gardent la trace d’un pouvoir urbain autonome et puissant, qui était profondément inscrit dans la hiérarchie complexe de l’aristocratie locale (urbaine, seigneuriale ou ecclésiastique). La thèse permet de mettre en évidence certains aspects de la domination sociale des paraiges peu pris en compte par la recherche et de mieux saisir les rapports étroits entre l’écrit, le gouvernement, l’espace et la construction de l’autorité, offrant une vision renouvelée de l’histoire messine à la fin du Moyen Âge
In the Archives municipales de Metz is now kept a collection of nearly 1500 epistolary documents dated between 1383 and 1548 related to the resolution of conflicts between the city of Metz and the neighbouring jurisdictions. But why and for what purpose did the urban authorities attach so much value to these documents, justifying their long-term preservation despite their ephemeral nature once the request set out in the letter has been resolved? It is to these questions that this thesis attempts to answer. Through a detailed analysis of this documentary collection taken as a whole, it has been possible to take a renewed look at the making of power at the end of the Middle Ages, placing at the heart of our reflection the effect of documentary practices on the construction of the legitimacy of domination in the Lorraine space of the elite groups and holder of the government of the city of Metz: the paraiges. Based on recent contributions from the anthropology of the written word and legal anthropology, we have chosen to adopt a documentary approach that consists of examining quantitatively and qualitatively the various aspects (composition, materiality, content) of the archival collection of letters (AA18-AA28). To do so, we used three software programs: Filemaker (analysis of the elements of the documentary system), TXM (textometric analysis) and QGIS (spatial data analysis). By considering the collection as a genuine “documentary system”, it was possible to reveal the links structuring all the components of the collection (original letters, translations, drafts, copies, etc.) and to propose some explanations of the medieval functions of their preservation for the urban elites of Metz. The serial analysis of the epistolary material thus brought out the legal, political and social functions attributed to the letters and the reasons for the paraiges to preserve them over the long term. More than a question of transmitting information, the letters analyzed possessed a “driving force”, since they were engaged, or even forced their recipients to take action with the aim of re-establishing social relation that had been broken or damaged by the perpetration of violent actions considered illegitimate. Inscribed in the context of the amicable procedures of conflict’s resolution resulting of the feud, the conscious choices made by the paraiges to ensure the preservation of these documents and to deal with this voluminous mass of documents are so many actions that intervene in the construction of the image they forged of themselves. The preserved letters keep the trace of an autonomous and powerful urban power, which was deeply inscribed in the complex hierarchy of the local aristocracy (urban, seigneurial or ecclesiastical). The thesis allows us to highlight certain aspects of the social domination of the paraiges that have rarely been taken into account by research and to better understand the close relationship between the written word, government, space and the construction of authority, offering a renewed perspective on the history of Metz at the end of the Middle Ages

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7

Tudeau, Crespo Johanna Enriqueta Victoire. "Assyrian building practices and ideologies according to the Assyrian royal inscriptions and state archives." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648114.

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8

Brekke, Ashild Andrea. "Changing practices : a qualitative study of drivers for change in Norwegian museums and archives." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42524.

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Анотація:

Since the mid-1990’s, policy objectives and funding measures have been designed to encourage Norwegian museums and archives to embrace a more socially engaged practice. These governance initiatives, however, have often not achieved the goal of long-term effect: once funding stops, so do the projects, leaving little or no mark on institutional practice. Based on the premise that financial incentives are clearly insufficient in bringing about practice change, this thesis looks beyond the effect of project funding on institutional core attitudes, probing underlying factors which affect organisational practice in more depth. This thesis is situated within the methodological framework of Pierre Bourdieu’s practice theory and draws on qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews, document analysis and survey data. The theoretical perspectives underpinning the thesis can be broadly grouped under two headings: the museum as idea and as organisation. The first one refers to the ideological nature of museums, its philosophy, purpose, power and ethos as an institution, and the second one to the practical manifestation of these ideas: organizational structure, culture and dynamics in and around the institution. The findings suggest that museum professionals are engaged in a complex balancing act, continually negotiating positions, priorities and relations both within and around the institution. Elements such as power and values play a part, as do professional identities, academic capital and personal engagement. This thesis argues that organisational change is ultimately contingent on individuals and the way they perceive their profession: the stronger the alignment of ideas, values and purpose between the individual and the organisation, the stronger the potential impact of the museum. To develop and sustain a socially engaged practice, museum directors need to create organizational resonance around the idea of the museum as an agent for social change, enabling it to amplify its social impact.

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9

Millar, Laura Agnes. "The end of total archives? : an analysis of changing acquisition practices in Canadian archival repositories." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383582/.

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Since the early 1990s, Canada's publicly funded archival repositories have been reducing their involvement in the acquisition of private-sector records. The decline in central government involvement has been matched by a steady increase in the number and nature of community-based, institutional, or organisational repositories. The acquisition and preservation of privately generated archival records by the public sector has been a central aspect of Canadian archival practice for many years. It is partly a result of the Canadian perception that government has a significant role to play in the social and cultural affairs of its citizens. It has also resulted from an inclusive definition of the concept of `archives, ' one that has encouraged the preservation of a wide range of historical materials for evidential, informational, and cultural reasons. This concept has been called `total archives' and has evolved into a `Canadian archival system. ' This thesis examines the evolution of Canadian acquisition practices, from the beginnings in the mid-1800s to the present day. The first seven chapters trace the history of acquisition policy, which began in the colonial and early Confederation period with the appointment of Douglas Brymner as the first `national archivist. ' The role of Arthur Doughty, Dominion Archivist and consummate collector, is examined, as are the findings of subsequent Canadian commissions concerned with archival work: the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences, in the 1950s, the Royal Commission on Government Organization, in the 1960s, the Commission on Canadian Studies, in the 1970s, and the Consultative Group on Canadian Archives, in the 1980s. These chapters trace the activities that influenced archival acquisition at the time, as well as the effect of these events on the archival community's perceptions of the nature of archives and the role of the archivist. The last chapter examines conditions influencing archival acquisition in Canada in the 1990s. These include the restructuring of government in the face of a growing public deficit, with the consequent reduction or elimination of non-critical public functions. Also discussed is the effect of increased government accountability, as evidenced by access to information legislation, on acquisition. As well, the impact of sophisticated information and telecommunications technologies is reviewed. The archival community's reactions to these changes is explored. The thesis concludes by considering several questions raised throughout the thesis. What is an archival record? What is the purpose of preserving archival records? What actions may be taken to ensure the preservation of Canada's documentary memory in a time of changing governmental and societal priorities? The reality of territoriality and regional identity, and the importance of preserving society's collective memory, are examined in the context of archival management.

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10

Tubridy, Daniel. "Redesigning urban infrastructures : new infrastructure design imaginaries and practices." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2019. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22841/.

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According to Rubio and Fogué (2013, 1039), cities are witnessing a "technological and infrastructural invasion" associated with new low-carbon and sustainable technologies. In this context, infrastructure has (re-)emerged as a topic of debate in design theory and practice. One strand of this debate which, the thesis argues, constitutes a new infrastructure design imaginary suggests that new infrastructures should be designed as "multifunctional" systems, taking account of potential ecological, aesthetic and cultural benefits. It is suggested that design could facilitate new affective relationships between people, infrastructures and ecological systems, thereby contributing to sustainability. Now that new approaches to design are being adopted in some places and circumstances, there is an opportunity to investigate their assumptions, logics and effects and whose interpretation of design and aesthetics is given legitimacy. As such, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore contemporary meanings and practices of infrastructure design. This has encompassed an investigation of what types of infrastructure are being designed, what model of design is adopted and who the "infrastructure designer" mobilised might be. Evidence has been collected in two stages through a total of 42 interviews, first, in a scoping phase with a sample of infrastructure design professionals and, second, in two case studies of stormwater design, Hans Tavsens Park and Korsgade in Copenhagen and "Grey to Green" in Sheffield. The case studies explore where, how and why new visions of infrastructure design are being realised and describes the actors, institutions and agendas which influence the infrastructure design process. The key finding of the case study research is that understanding infrastructure design visions and practices requires exploring the material, institutional and economic context for design. Investigation of the context for design demonstrates that seemingly avant-garde design strategies have, in both cases, become implicated in socially-exclusive processes of transformation. Overall, the research foregrounds and explores an under-researched and under-valued dimension of urban development. It establishes a conceptual framework to guide future research in a field that is likely to become more important. Its key contribution is to provide new perspectives and in-depth analysis of both contemporary visions of infrastructure design and on the infrastructure design process.

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11

Alvarez, Analese Antonia. "Urban Student Perspectives on Classroom-Based Daily Mindfulness Practices." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564499402802036.

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12

Joshi, R. "Mobility practices of the urban poor in Ahmedabad (India)." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2014. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/25016/.

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Urban poverty, a prominent issue in the rapidly urbanising developing world, consists of many interrelated aspects in poor people’s lives. One such aspect is accessibility, which determines the crucial links between housing, labour markets and other amenities. Relatively little is known about how poor people negotiate the complexities of their daily lives in relation to their mobility choices with respect to existing transport systems, especially in Indian cities. This thesis argues that the poor should be viewed as ‘disadvantaged citizen’ rather than ‘disadvantaged commuters’ or ‘vulnerable road users’ as often described in the transportation studies in India and elsewhere. It is important to ask why the poor make certain mobility-related choices and how these choices shape their own efforts to deal with poverty. This thesis develops a conceptual model linking poverty and mobility debates by employing social practice theory for understanding and structuring mobility related practices of the poor. Further, the conceptual model is pitched in the larger international debates of informality, poverty alleviation and sustainable mobility. To situate the mobility practices of the poor, Ahmedabad is selected as a case-study which represents the dynamics of poverty, informality and intraurban relocation and displacement coupled with some innovative urban projects which, at least in terms of rhetoric, are engaged in developing more sustainable mobility and with poverty alleviation. This study adopts an inductive research strategy based around ‘building theory’ where the focus is on understanding the poor’s own efforts to deal with their mobility and poverty. A mixed methods approach is followed involving qualitative narratives of individuals and a quantitative household survey, supported by secondary documentary analysis. This thesis extensively uses the qualitative narratives of the poor to build empirical knowledge about the differential sub-groups within the poor and to understand the dynamics of poverty in their mobility related decision-making. A range of social practices was identified by the research, which have developed around the low affordability of transport. The poor people are largely dependent on the human-powered transport modes like cycling and walking. The poor are found to seek shelter-livelihood-mobility balance variably across their locations, and differing based on their livelihoods and other social categories like gender. The prevailing informality in housing or job markets is often helpful for poor households to not only minimise transport but to also move out of poverty over a period of time, at least, in some cases. However, the current mobility practices of the poor based on walking, cycling and use of shared or public transport, in spite of their low energy consumption, are being marginalised in the official urban and transport planning in Ahmedabad. The poor face an intrinsic paradox in their mobility to access the various facets of the city; on one side, they resist motorised trips due to low-affordability and on the other side, even if some of them want to travel longer distances to access better opportunities, they are constrained in the absence of an affordable and reliable transport service in the city. Finally, this thesis makes a case for more inclusive and integrated policies around shelter-security, livelihood protections and sustainable transport linked infrastructure provision for the poor people in the cities of India. It is crucial that improved articulation and understanding of the social dimensions of transport should attract greater research and policy attention in India in future years.

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13

Clark, Deborah Ann. "An Ecological View of Urban Kindergarten Reading Instructional Practices." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7280.

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Kindergarten students who are identified as at risk in reading often enter school with deficiencies in early reading skills. Little research exists for this vulnerable population on reading instruction in large, urban, school systems. The purpose of this multiple case study, which was guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of human development, was to describe urban kindergarten teachers' beliefs about the environmental factors that contribute to students' at-risk reading status, instructional practices employed to remediate reading, and teacher reports about systems in place to support student reading development. The multiple case study design included (a) structured interviews, (b) observations of kindergarten instructional practices in reading, and (c) a review of documents relevant to the delivery of instruction and home literacy assignments in 3 schools situated in 3 northeastern districts in the United States of America. The constant comparative method utilized included data coding, category development, and identification of themes. Findings indicated that (a) teachers believe parental involvement would influence the development of kindergartners' early reading skills; (b) teachers used a core and phonics curriculum within a print-rich environment to teach early reading skills, with variation in approaches seen within and across school sites; (c) there is a lack of professional development within the schools to enhance kindergarten reading instruction; and (d) the schools' instructional practices may not be part of a coherent instructional philosophy. This study contributes to positive social change by providing educators with a deeper understanding of how to remediate reading with attention to the environmental factors at-risk readers experience at home and school.

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14

Alshebli, Abdulmohsen. "Towards making urban planning practices more effective amid rapid urban growth in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8472/.

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This thesis explores the area of urban planning practices examining the rapid urban growth in Riyadh. The research was motivated by the fact that Riyadh continues to suffer from rapid uncontrolled urban growth, with resultant problems in its infrastructure. These problems are associated with the urban planning path failures, both in terms of the discourses and the practices. As result, the urban plan did not help to control the city growth. The research firstly analyses the driving forces that influence urban planning, focusing on three issues as the main reasons for ongoing expansion: planning law, planning structure, and how planning relates to energy discourses in Saudi Arabia. Secondly, it evaluates spatial planning practices revealing four themes for developers and planners to consider: settlement patterns, urban design, land use patterns and transport. Thirdly, by revealing the mechanisms underlying the planning environment it demonstrates how the structures in place affect urban planning practices. Finally, based on the literature review and the findings of the empirical chapters and interviews with those who work in urban planning the thesis offers an understanding of planners’ practices, how they contribute to continued unsustainable growth and, offers policy recommendations for a more sustainable planned future for Riyadh and other cities in Saudi Arabia.

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15

Smetana, Victor (Victor Stephan) 1966. "Corporate real estate : challenges and practices in Ukraine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32196.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-72).
Real property has been called the corporation's last undermanaged resource. However, during the past decade, companies have begun to concentrate more on what constitutes 25 to 40% of a typical corporation's assets. US corporate real estate assets amount to greater than $3 trillion and real estate expenses are typically second or third highest on the corporate ledger, only behind payroll and sometimes technology. Corporate executives have begun to realize the business value real estate can have. Facilities lacking the proper location, finance, design, or the proper amount of flexibility required to manage internal and external uncertainties can negatively impact the corporation's bottom line. Meanwhile, strategic planning increases in importance in the international setting due to the risks and rewards of executing business strategies increases at the international level. The collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe has opened twenty-eight countries to free markets. Corporations are hungry to expand into these markets which offer the opportunity of serving over 400 million customers. Uncertainties are heightened in transitional economies, making international corporate real estate management that much more challenging. This thesis research was a qualitative exploration of the corporate real estate challenges and practices in one particular transitional economy, Ukraine. Corporate real estate in Ukraine was found to be transactional in nature, not strategic. Almost all decisions are made locally. The challenges found in Ukraine center around an immature administrative infrastructure along with corporate efforts to control the costs associated with real estate. Although complex, the challenges found in Ukraine do not preclude participation in the market; rather, they merely impede the process.
by Victor Smetana.
S.M.

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16

Turner, Bobbiette Morreau Lanny E. Lian Ming-Gon John. "Teachers' perceptions of inclusionary practices in an urban school setting." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9633429.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1996.
Title from title page screen, viewed May 25, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Lanny E. Morreau, Ming-Gon J. Lian (co-chairs), Thomas E. Caldwell, Larry D. Kennedy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-149) and abstract. Also available in print.

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17

Altay, Deniz. "Urban Spaces Re-defined In Daily Practices: The Case Of." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605418/index.pdf.

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This study, preconceives space as a social phenomenon, and emphasizes the fact that the urban space cannot be separated from its inhabitants. Accordingly, it suggests that the investigation of both the city and its inhabitants is crucial with respect to everyday life and practice. Hence, the study questions how inhabitants create their spaces following their needs and demands, and how the urban space is re-defined and re-produced through appropriation. Moreover, the study aims to understand how the inhabitants express themselves and how they resist through the spaces they produce in their daily practices. With this aim, the thesis investigates a spatial activity performed by young people in Ankara, the case of &lsquo
Minibar&rsquo
, for understanding the process explained as &lsquo
re-definition&rsquo
of urban space. The research reveals that these spaces become possible through their spatial characteristics. These spaces transgress the established space, yet they are sustained due to their ephemerality, impermanency and flexibility. Furthermore these spaces are discovered to be a medium of expression for the inhabitants. In conclusion, this study asserts an approach towards the city and explains that through looking to the &lsquo
lived spaces&rsquo
rather than rhetorics, calculations and presumptions, we can obtain a clear and actual picture about the city and the inhabitants.

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18

Menand, Howard. "Globalization and education| 21st century instructional practices for urban teachers." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3563208.

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In the current knowledge economy, a connection exists between globalization and global macro policies and the micro level effect of these policies at the local classroom level. This study begins by establishing globalization's impact on education at the local level by operationalizing 21^st century instruction as a global educational outcome that is actually a macro policy with micro effects. With this framework in place, this study examines the ability of a higher education institution to prepare pre-service teachers to provide 21^st century instruction in the public middle school setting. In order to examine the connection between higher education and the public middle school, the study utilizes qualitative research to examine the level of preparation pre-service teachers receive at the higher institution level. The study also utilizes qualitative research to study participants at the public middle school level in order to measure the degree of 21^st century instruction in the classroom resulting from their higher education pre-service preparation. The study finds that a connection exists between the university and the public middle school setting. The professor participants clearly conceptualize globalization and 21^st century instruction. Additionally, the teacher participants also conceptualize globalization and 21^st century instruction. However, a point of diffusion exists between the active and intended curriculum suggesting that conceptualization is not the same as instructional delivery. Finally, the results support the hypothesis that globalization has an impact on classroom instruction at the local level.

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19

Maass, Amanda. "Analysis of Best Management Practices for Addressing Urban Stormwater Runoff." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608331.

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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project
During Tucson rainstorms, many roads and neighborhoods experience high levels of flooding on the city’s street networks. This phenomenon creates unsafe road conditions, damage to the road infrastructure, and excessive urban stormwater runoff that is potentially polluted. The vast quantities of impervious surfaces in the urban landscape impede the rainwater’s ability to infiltrate the ground, thus resulting in increased volumes of runoff during a rainstorm. Stormwater management is used by municipalities and communities to address the previously mentioned adverse impacts of stormwater runoff. Various techniques and strategies used in stormwater management include, low impact development (LID), green infrastructure, and better site design (BSD) strategies implemented during design stages to reduce stormwater runoff levels. In addition, local governments can establish stormwater utilities and policies in order to help address and better manage the issue of stormwater runoff within urban areas. The primary research questions of this study will include: What are the most effective best management practices and techniques to address urban runoff? What combination of best management practices and government policies will be the more effective in addressing Tucson’s urban runoff problem? Accordingly, this study will examine a variety of policies and techniques to address stormwater runoff, and then, based on this information, provide a suggestion of the best practices and techniques that may be feasible for implementation in Tucson.

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20

Littke, Helene. "Planning Practices of Greening : Challenges for Public Urban Green Space." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187055.

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Public urban green spaces are crucial parts of cities due to the many connections existing between urban greenery and well-being. Additionally, public urban green space represents a wide range of spatial concepts, such as parks, urban forests, commons, in-between-spaces, and gardens. This study explores challenges for contemporary public urban green space in an increasingly urban world, with high demands on urban growth, and simultaneously the need for more sustainable societies and cities. The aim is to problematize the complex reality for contemporary public urban green space from an urban planning perspective in times of urban densification strategies, global competitiveness between cities and trends of ‘re-naturing’. The scope of this thesis is based on four high profile case studies. The Green Walkable City in Stockholm and The Green Living Spaces in Birmingham constitute planning strategies with a holistic approach to urban green space, including a strong focus on well-being. The High Line in New York and Parklets in San Francisco represent urban green space concepts, influential both at the local level and in the larger urban planning debate. The results point to a need to acknowledge the complexity inherent to urban green space provision, design, and management. This study contributes with insights of direct connections between narratives of nature, materialized urban greenery projects and conceptualizations of functionality of nature in urban planning projects. From the post-industrial, pristine flirting, crafted wilderness of the High Line; a symbolic but cosmetic scrambling with planters and narratives of parks of parklets; dualistic argumentations of natural values connected to quality over quantity of nature in a densifying and growing Stockholm; to pragmatic yet emotional and ambitious conceptualizations of human nature in biohilic urbanism and green space planning in Birmingham. Gentrification, publicness and production of public space and densification strategies are central themes in urban studies – and public urban green space can play an active role in these processes.

QC 20160518

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21

Sampson, Coleen Anthea. "Reading practices in two urban multi-grade foundation phase classes." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1948.

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A full dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Education Presented to the Faculty of Education and Social Sciences 2015
In Africa, throughout the history of schooling, many teachers have been confronted by the demanding situation of teaching two or more year groups in the same classroom although data on this multi-grade phenomenon is scarce. Although reading is a fundamental competency and the core of our curriculum, a gap exists in practice. In multi-grade classes the gap is wider as a result of the different grades and varying abilities within the grades. The present study was motivated by the researcher’s concern for the status of reading in all Foundation Phase classes. This study answers one main question: How do teachers in two urban multi-grade classrooms teach reading in the Foundation Phase? The two sub-questions are: What are the current reading practices in urban multi-grade classrooms in the Foundation Phase? What challenges do teachers of urban multi-grade classes face when teaching reading in the Foundation Phase? The conceptual framework that was central to answering the two sub questions includes four theorists namely: Lave and Wenger’s (1991) Vygotsky’s (1978); Bronfenbrenner’s (1990) and finally Piaget’s (1972) stages of cognitive development including pre-operational stage and concrete operational stage. The literature review highlights the physical setting of the multi-grade classrooms, debates the advantages and limitations of urban multi-grade teaching, compares the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) 2005 and the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) reading curriculum, briefly deliberates the stages of reading development and finally discusses the variety of reading practices. A qualitative interpretive case study research design was formulated to explore the complex phenomenon of urban multi-grade reading practices in the Foundation Phase. The first research question explored the reading practices found in two urban multi-grade classes, and the findings include four themes which are: stories, vocabulary, comprehension and reading. The second sub-question, focussed on the challenges the urban multi-grade teachers experienced. In conclusion this study reveals that reading can be taught successfully in urban multi-grade classes. Teaching reading in multi-grade classes may foster the emotional, intellectual, social and academic well-being of learners. Secondly although the two urban multi-grade teachers faced many challenges, with the necessary support structures in place, these challenges could be minimized.

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Baldwin-Rana, Brandi Michelle. "Confirming and Disconfirming Communication Practices of Teachers in Urban Classrooms." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/332297.

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Urban Education
Ph.D.
Interpersonal communication practices of teachers have been recognized as having a significant impact on the relational dynamics between teachers and students; however, the specific interpersonal communication practices utilized by teachers of urban students are not well understood. Although teacher-student interactions have been studied for many years, the research has not focused on how confirmation and disconfirmation are perceived in urban classroom environments. Furthermore, minimal research exists regarding how perceived confirmation and disconfirmation impacts urban teacher-student relationships. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the confirming and disconfirming communication practices of teachers from 4 urban charter high schools. In addition, this study examines how the 22 teacher participants and 26 student participants perceive the communication practices as impacting teacher-student relationships. A finding from the data was respect. Both teachers and students identified respect as being the single most critical factor to building teacher-student relationships. Confirming behaviors like honesty/openness, praise/positive feedback, checking for understanding, and calmly correcting behaviors were identified as having a positive impact on the relationship-building process. Disconfirming behaviors such as disrespect, putting students on the spot, sarcasm, and aggressive tone were identified as hindering the relationship-building process. Descriptions of each theme are provided as well as implications for teacher practice and future research.
Temple University--Theses

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23

Zhang, Yi. "Urban street design in modern China : standards, practices and outcomes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/urban-street-design-in-modern-china-standards-practices-and-outcomes(e656be99-381d-42b0-970b-d0f28bd920a1).html.

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This thesis investigates and discusses the current design approaches and development trends of urban streets in China. As the methodological focus, multiple case studies and interviews are used to examine actual street design practice to identify the development policy bias of local governments. Since the 1990s, the great economic achievement in most Chinese cities has evoked significant growth in the number of automobiles, as well as the increasingly serious problems of road casualties and congestion. The traffic-engineering-based design approach which used to be widely adopted and implemented in western countries has dominated the development patterns of urban streets in modern China. The conventional paradigm exclusively focuses on the traffic function in urban streets resulting in morphological changes to the urban circulation environment and keeps on neglecting non-vehicular movement and non-traffic needs. The automobile- dominated urban circulation environment has had negative economic, social and public health impacts. Thus, a paradigm shift which calls for a more inclusive design approach for urban streets which balances functions of place and movement is urgently needed in China. To determine the challenges and opportunities for the new paradigm, this research identifies the cultural, political and technical factors for the traffic-centred design trends and the policy bias. Based on this, policy recommendations and an agenda for revolutionary change for achieving better design practice for urban streets in post-modern China are suggested.

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Nehl, Marthe. "Urban Curation - An explorative study on understandings, roles and functions of curating practices in urban contexts." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22356.

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Curating practices appear in various fields as a common practice of immaterial labour today. To ‘curate’ is an active verb that suggests ‘doing’ something. Seldom if ever are the implications of curating critically discussed outside the arts, and this provides a reason for this thesis to investigate. What does ‘to curate’ mean, imply or suggest in the urban context? How are urban curatorial practices legitimized and where can they contribute to urban planning? Embedded in contemporary urban challenges and the “state of crisis” often referred to, this paper introduces curating as an emerging cultural practice into this field. A vital part of the discussion this thesis opens up, is where art can become part of urban planning. Noting that the relationship between arts and urban environments is ambivalent, since the arts’ symbolic power is recognized within international competition of cities, it is about the margin between the field of arts and urban development. By laying a groundwork of contemporary curatorial understandings in the arts, the paper gives an overview on the existing notions and practices of ‘urban curation’ and highlights that there are strong positions but no existing definition as such. A look into urban planning theory pinpoints the crucial role of economic growth and its implications for the organization of urban developments under the term neoliberalism, a condition in which festivals replace urban development policies and culture becomes a structuring element. The occurrence of projects as organizational structure dominates and challenges long term developments. This constitutes the framework in which the paper discusses three very different project examples from Hamburg, Liverpool and Vienna for closer analysis. Between preservation and management, arranging and staging curating can alternatively be understood as an epistemology producing new knowledge. By cross-referencing between the arts, where the critical discussion on curating is held, and urban planning and architecture, where curatorial practice is applied, the paper suggests strengthening the critical discourse on the relevance and use of cultural practices in urban studies.

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Djeddour, Mohamed. "Modern housing in Algeria : a study of spatial practices." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328314.

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Banuelos, Liana (Liana M. ). "Overcoming Barriers to Institutionalize Climate Change Resiliency Practices : MassDOT." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118266.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-93).
The most pronounced climate change effects in northeastern United States will be increased precipitation events, more frequent heat waves, and substantial sea level rise. These temperature and flooding outcomes place substantial risk on vital infrastructure that supports economic development, public health, and access to resources and amenities within the state of Massachusetts. As such, there is a need to mitigate these risks through long-range planning and climate change adaptation strategies. The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) recognizes that infrastructure must be fortified through these methods but has yet to establish a systematic approach for quantifying climate change impacts, evaluating the costs and benefits of selective intervention, and implementing adaptation strategies. However, MassDOT operates within a complex political setting of constraints and conditions that may or may not be conducive to particular implementation mechanisms. Additionally, the hydrologic modeling and spatial analysis needed to identify specific areas of transportation infrastructure that are especially vulnerable to climate change effects will not be completed until late 2018. Cognizant of these constraints, this thesis aims to (1) synthesize the best climate change resiliency strategies from other large infrastructure owners/DOTs and (2) draw upon lessons learned from other agencies to recommend strategies for overcoming barriers to institutionalization at MassDOT. In this way, the department will have a roadmap to addressing existing gaps and barriers to implementation once the climate adaptation and vulnerability assessment tool has been developed. By strategically protecting infrastructure that will have the greatest benefit to MassDOT's constituents at the least cost, the department will be able to minimize the impacts of climate change and maintain a satisfying level of service despite increasing climate stresses on infrastructure and operations.
by Liana Banuelos.
M.C.P.

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Mitchell, David Kenneth. "Urban Landscape Management Practices as Tools for Stormwater Mitigation by Trees and Soils." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64799.

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As urban land expands across the globe and impervious surfaces continue to be used for constructing urban infrastructure, stormwater treatment costs and environmental damage from untreated stormwater will rise. Well designed urban landscapes can employ trees and soils to reduce stormwater runoff flowing to streams and treatment facilities. Typical urban soil, however, is compacted and restricts tree growth via high soil strength and inadequate gas exchange. A site preparation method that deeply incorporates compost and includes trees for long term carbon input and pore development was evaluated in the urban setting of Arlington, Virginia. Three species were used in that study of 25 streetside plantings. The site preparation affected soil at 15 30 cm by lowering soil bulk density by 13.3%, and increasing macro-aggregate-associated carbon by 151% compared to control plots, and resulted in 77% greater tree growth during the first year after transplant. In a second experiment, rainfall simulations were used to evaluate common landscape mulch materials for their ability to prevent compaction from traffic as well their affect on surface runoff before and after traffic. When plots were subjected to heavy rainfall, (>97 mm/h) mulches were found to reduce sediment loss 82% and 73% before and after traffic, respectively. Runoff rates from wood chips were only 0.19 ml/s faster after traffic while rates from bare soil and marble gravel with geotextile increased 2.28 and 2.56 ml/s, respectively. Management of soils, trees and landscapes for stormwater benefit could reduce cost of wastewater treatment for municipalities and can prevent environmental degradation.
Master of Science

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NARKAR, POONAM. "URBAN [DIS]ORDER: REINVENTING URBAN SPACE? THE CASE OF INSTANBUL, TURKEY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155749060.

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Sánchez, Romera Alfonso. "The middle class in contemporary urban china: construction, practices and representations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671319.

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Aquesta investigació té com a objectiu analitzar el fenomen social de la classe mitjana xinesa, posant atenció especial en la construcció social de la identitat mitjançant l’anàlisi de les pràctiques i representacions socials a la Xina urbana contemporània. L’estudi consisteix en l’anàlisi d’entrevistes semiestructurades mantingudes a Beijing entre l’any 2017 i l’any 2018, del discurs oficial de la classe mitjana xinesa a partir de les esmenes a la Constitució de la República Popular de la Xina (RPX) i dels textos i discursos dels líders de l’Estat-partit i, finalment, del contingut dels articles sobre classe mitjana publicats a Renmin wang (People’s Daily online) —el portaveu del Comitè Central del Partit Comunista Xinès— des de principis del segle XXI. Per això, l’etnografia no es centra únicament en proporcionar un exemple categòric de la construcció d’una identitat de classe mitjana a Beijing, sinó que també explora el camp social de la Xina urbana contemporània com a espai multidimensional de mobilitat social, de noves pràctiques i representacions socials —és a dir, de nous estils de vida. Tot i que s’ha emprat un esquema conceptual associat a l’obra de Pierre Bourdieu, alguns resultats obtinguts qüestionen la seva conceptualització de “classe real” i la seva formulació sobre les condicions homogènies d’existència de classe i la seva capacitat de generar pràctiques socials similars. El model de Bourdieu permet descobrir una sèrie de característiques definidores que indiquen que la formació dels grups de classes mitjanes a la RPX constitueix principalment un fenomen de reproducció social en comptes d’un procés de formació de classe. D’altra banda, el resultat d’aquesta recerca determina de quina manera la tesi de la “cleavage society” o l’anomenada cristal·lització de classes rau principalment en el consum —és a dir, el capital econòmic—, i no tant en una identitat ‘de classe’ reconeixedora o ‘classe real’. La migració interna a la RPX és una forma de consum d’un determinat estil de vida, una pràctica suzhi (‘de qualitat’) i una manera de construir-se com a subjecte de classe mitjana, civilitzat i modern. Tanmateix, a la Xina urbana es construeix progressivament una identitat de classe mitjana no només amb pràctiques de consum, sinó també amb l’experiència de participar en noves activitats al barri basada en principis oberts, públics i solidaris, i també en accions col·lectives contra la vulneració dels seus drets com a propietaris. Així doncs, aquesta investigació mostra la validesa i la configuració del concepte de classe —juntament amb els de racialització, gènere i sexualitat— per a produir una representació precisa de la institucionalització, legitimació i reproducció tant de la desigualtat com del privilegi a les societats contemporànies.
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la clase media china, poniendo especial énfasis en la construcción social de la identidad mediante el análisis de las prácticas y representaciones sociales en China urbana contemporánea. Se utiliza una metodología mixta que incluye el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas llevadas a cabo en Beijing entre 2017 y 2018, el discurso oficial de la clase media china a través de las enmiendas a la Constitución de la República Popular de China (RPC) y de textos y discursos de los líderes del Estado-partido y, finalmente, del contenido de los artículos sobre clase media publicados en Renmin wang (Diario del Pueblo en Línea) —portavoz oficial del Comité Central del Partido Comunista Chino— desde principios del siglo XXI. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio no es brindar únicamente un ejemplo categórico de la construcción social de la identidad en la clase media, sino explorar también el campo social de China urbana contemporánea como espacio multidimensional de movilidad social, de nuevas prácticas y representaciones sociales —es decir, de nuevos estilos de vida. Aunque estas observaciones parten del esquema conceptual propuesto por Pierre Bourdieu, los resultados obtenidos cuestionan su conceptualización de la ’clase real’ y su formulación respecto a las condiciones homogéneas de existencia de las clases y su capacidad generadora de prácticas sociales similares. El modelo de Bourdieu permite descubrir una serie de características definidoras que indican que la formación de los grupos de clases medias en la RPC constituye principalmente un fenómeno de reproducción social en lugar de un proceso de formación de clase. Por otra parte, el resultado de esta investigación determina de qué manera la tesis de la ‘cleavage society’ o cristalización de clases se fundamenta principalmente en el consumo —es decir, el capital económico—, y no tanto en una identidad de ‘clase’ reconocible o ‘clase real’. La migración interna en la RPC es una forma de consumo de un determinado estilo de vida, una práctica suzhi (‘de calidad’) y una manera de construirse como sujeto de clase media, civilizado y moderno. Además, en las ciudades chinas se construye progresivamente una identidad de clase media no solo con prácticas de consumo, sino también con la experiencia de participar en nuevas actividades vecinales basadas en principios abiertos, públicos y solidarios, y en acciones colectivas contra la vulneración de sus derechos como propietarios. Así, esta investigación muestra la validez y la configuración del concepto de clase —junto a los de etnicidad, género y sexualidad— para producir una representación precisa de la institucionalización, legitimación y reproducción tanto de la desigualdad como del privilegio en las sociedades contemporáneas
This research aims to explore the social phenomenon of the Chinese middle class, with particular focus on the social construction of identity by analysing social practices and representations in contemporary urban China. The study is framed in the analysis of semi-structured interviews collected in Beijing between 2017 and 2018, the official discourse of the Chinese middle class through the amendments to the Chinese Constitution, the main texts and speeches of the Party-state leaders and, finally, the content of articles on middle class published on Renmin Wang (People’s Daily online) —the mouthpiece of Central Committee of the Communist Party of China— since the early 21st century. Therefore, the aim of this research is not only to provide a categorical example of the social construction of identity within Beijing’s middle class, but also to explore the social field in Contemporary urban China as a multidimensional space of social mobility, new social practices and representations —that is, new lifestyles. While these observations have been derived by employing a conceptual schema associated with the work of Pierre Bourdieu, some results obtained question his conceptualization of “real class” and his formulation on homogeneous conditions of class as homogeneous systems of dispositions capable of generating similar practices. As a result, this study has discovered a number of defining characteristics that indicate that the formation of the middle-classes groups in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) constitutes a social reproduction phenomenon rather than a class formation process. Moreover, the findings of the case study undertaken in Beijing are also supportive of the thesis of a cleavage society or the so-called class crystallization is maintained primarily through consumption —that is, economic capital—, but not through a recognizable ‘class’ identity or ‘real class’. Also, this study has shown that domestic migration in the PRC is also a form of lifestyle consumption, a suzhi (‘quality’) practice and a way to fashion oneself as a middle-class, civilized and modern subject. However, a middle-class identity is progressively constructed in urban China not only through consumption practices but also through the experience of participating in new activities in their neighbourhood life based on principles of openness, publicity and solidarity, and also in collective action against violation of their private-property rights as homeowners. Besides, the research revealed the validity and the configuration of the concept of class —together with racialization, gender and sexuality— to produce an accurate representation of the institutionalization, legitimatization and reproduction of both inequality and privilege in contemporary societies.

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Pedersen, Katherine Lynn. "Comparison of colorectal cancer screening practices between rural and urban providers." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005pedersenk.pdf.

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Lesh, Jennifer J. "Response to intervention| Beliefs, practices, and skills in urban secondary staff." Thesis, Barry University - Adrian Dominican School of Education, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571738.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary school staff’s beliefs, practices, and skills concerning Response to Intervention (RtI), now known as multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS). The majority of research in RtI/MTSS has focused on the elementary level; however, little research has addressed its implementation at the secondary level. Using an exploratory mixed method design, this study explored the beliefs and perceptions of over 300 secondary school staff currently implementing RtI/MTSS in a large urban district in south Florida. The first phase, a quantitative research design, used three surveys developed and vetted by the Florida Statewide Problem Solving and Response to Intervention Project. The surveys assessed the RtI/MTSS beliefs of four secondary school groups: administrators, professional support staff, general education and special education teachers, and measured their perceptions about their RtI/MTSS skills and practices. The second phase of the study utilized a qualitative design that included four homogeneous focus groups to address in depth the issues that had emerged in the quantitative survey phase. In order to reduce the possibility of Type I error, only statistically significant findings at p <.001 were reported as there were multiple tests of significance conducted. MANOVA results showed that secondary special education teachers and administrators had significantly higher RtI/MTSS beliefs and perceptions of their RtI/MTSS skills than the other two groups, while secondary general education teachers had the lowest beliefs and perceptions about their RtI/MTSS skills. There were no significant differences in perceptions of practices among the four groups of participants. Major themes that emerged from the focus groups included the need for reorganization of urban secondary school structure, for extensive and intensive professional development, for authentic collaboration to build trust, for delineation of role clarity, and for improved knowledge of the RtI/MTSS framework.

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Evans, Peter J. "Community knowledge, attitudes and practices - urban mosquitoes and sustainable mosquito control." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241460.

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Henry, Barton Shana N. "Principals' perceptions of teacher evaluation practices in an urban school district." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/109.

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Teacher evaluation has the ability to greatly support increased student achievement. However, existing literature on the topic finds evaluations are not meeting the intended purpose. Since principals are responsible for the implementation of the process at their school site, their perceptions of current processes is of value if evaluations are to be of value. Therefore, this study investigated K-12 principals' perceptions of teacher evaluation practices in an urban northern California school district. Data were collected through the administration of a survey. Of the 79 surveys distributed to school principals, 52 were completed and returned. Upon receiving the surveys, frequencies, percentages, means, and dependent sample t-tests were employed to analyze the data. The inductive analysis approach was used to code open-ended responses. The results illustrate that principals find formative and summative evaluation approaches are more effective for non-tenured teachers. However, they find the evaluation process is more supportive of tenured teachers when only formative approaches are applied. Principals find the process time intensive and lacking a clear purpose. Additional barriers ranged from teacher unions, to a lack of district support and inconsistency of implementation among principals. Principals seek reform in teacher evaluations where all parties find the process meaningful despite tenure status. Furthermore, principals seek a more comprehensive process that includes both formative and summative approaches. It is recommended that further research be conducted on the impact of time, school structures that support principals as coaches and evaluators, and how credentialing programs and districts provide training to principals in evaluation processes and barriers.

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Maki, Erik D. "Urban school-based behavioral health providers' attitudes towards evidence based practices." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10118530.

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Evidence Based Practices (EBPs) in schools show promise in meeting the behavioral health needs of urban students, however there are multiple barriers to implementation. Providers’ attitudes towards EBPs may be one of these barriers. Through a cross sectional survey design, this dissertation answers four major research questions: 1) Is the EBPAS-50 an appropriate tool to use with school based behavioral health providers, 2) Do attitudes vary depending on level of experience (student vs. professional), 3) Do attitudes vary depending on a practitioners’ hire status (school-hired vs. non-school hired), and 4) Do EBPAS-50 scores predict implementation of EBPs? Participants were 160 school behavioral health providers who provided at least one hour per week of direct or indirect services within the Boston Public Schools. Results indicated that the factor structures for the EBPAS-50 and EBPAS- 15 did not hold with this population, however the EBPAS-15 was used for further analysis as it has been validated many times since its introduction. Using the EBPAS-15: 1) graduate students reported more positive attitudes than professionals, 2) school-hired providers reported more positive attitudes than non-school hired providers, and 3) there was no correlation between attitudes and use of EBPs. Though differences may have been statistically significant, it is questionable as to whether these differences are practically significant as the average, rounded, response from providers indicated that they agreed with EBPs to “a great extent”. This suggests need for ongoing research to identify: 1) aspects of evidence based practices that are important to school-based providers, and 2) a revised tool to measure the attitudes of school-based providers towards EBPs.

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McDonough, Kelsey R. "Understanding the relationship between urban best management practices and ecosystem services." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20508.

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Master of Science
Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Stacy L. Hutchinson
Increasing attentiveness to climate change and the dependence of human life on natural resources has spurred awareness about the detrimental impacts of human activity on the environment. Ecosystem services, or the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, have changed more in the past 50 years than in any other comparable period in human history (Carpenter et al., 2009).The dilemma of managing the trade-off between immediate human needs and maintaining the ability of the Earth to provide ecosystem services is considered to be one of the largest challenges of this century (Foley et al., 2005). The ecosystem service concept aims maximize the provision of services across an entire ecosystem to achieve overall ecosystem health through land management, policy, and economic decisions. The intent of this research was to improve such decisions by increasing the understanding about the relationship between urban best management practices and freshwater provision, erosion regulation, and flood regulation ecosystem services. Fifty-six land management scenarios with varying densities of BMP application were simulated using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). The ecosystem services resulting from these land management scenarios were quantified using indices developed by Logsdon and Chaubey (2013). Results demonstrate that the application of bioretention cells improve both freshwater provision and erosion regulation services immediately downstream from the implementation site, and an increase in erosion regulation services was observed at the greater watershed scale. There was no change in the provision of freshwater, erosion regulation, or flood regulation services observed by the application of green roofs or rain barrels at either scale of analysis.

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Cupidore, Cherise. "Exploring the Effectiveness of Leadership Practices in Urban Charter Middle Schools." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2647.

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Researchers have noted that educational manager and instructional leadership roles are vital to achieving sustainable student achievement. Ineffective leadership practices may decrease students' academic success and are a continuous concern for educators, especially for those of urban charter schools. The purpose of this study was to explore practices that leaders of urban charter middle schools have implemented to advance their schools from a priority school to a focus school designation. This multiple case study sought to identify and clarify leadership practices of successful leaders in urban charter middle schools. Leithwood and Riehl's core leadership practices model served as the basis for understanding successful leadership practices in 3 Midwestern urban charter middle schools that progressed from a priority school to a focus school category. Data included semistructured interviews with 3 principals, 3 focus groups with a total of 16 teachers, and a review of relevant documents at each school. Data analysis entailed coding and theming significant statements for emerging patterns related to successful leadership practices until reaching data saturation. Emerging themes included leadership practices, professional development, student academic achievement, parental involvement, and redesigning the schools. Findings from this study resonate with Leithwood and Riehl's leadership model and indicate the efficacy of core leadership practices to meet state and national guidelines. Positive social change comes from providing school leaders in urban charter schools with leadership practices that may more effectively offer students with educational preparation to compete in a global society.

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Mendez-Keegan, Matilda Maria. "Transformational Leadership Practices and Student Achievement in Diverse Urban Elementary Schools." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7559.

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The relationship between transformational leadership and student academic achievement in diverse urban elementary schools is under-researched. However, studies have indicated that there are no evident gains in student achievement when administrators and teachers differ on views of effective leadership practices. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between teachers' perceptions of administrator leadership practices and student achievement in English language arts (ELA) and mathematics within diverse elementary schools. Burns's seminal theory on transformational leadership was the theoretical framework for this study. The research questions were designed to explore the relationship between teachers' perceived rating of transformational leadership practices of administrators and student academic achievement in ELA and mathematics. The study was a secondary analysis of publicly available data from 595 elementary schools surveyed by the New York City Department of Education. Two one-way analysis of variance were conducted. From the data, a post hoc test was conducted that determined significant differences between teacher ratings of administrators and student achievement levels in ELA and mathematics. The results indicated the higher the transformational leadership score of administrators, the greater the student academic achievement level. This study may influence district superintendents to offer professional development to administrators, to participate in intervisitation between higher achieving schools and lower achieving schools, and to have administrators mentor one another in cohorts. Positive social change may result by assisting and guiding administrators to use effective transformational leadership practices to improve school climate, trust, and job satisfaction.

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38

Bates, Timothy W. (Timothy Waterbury). "Community and collaboration : new shared workplaces for evolving work practices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66875.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The 'collaborative community workplace' is a growing type of shared, flexible workplace that has emerged in recent years in response to a growing need for productive workspaces for mobile, distributed, and independent workers and small businesses. The way work is accomplished is transforming as the economy of the United States continues to shift toward knowledge work. As corporate structures have been streamlined and an increasing amount of work outsourced, the mobile and independent workforce has grown. This trend has been complemented by a shift in work environments, which aim to better serve the needs of modern workers. Although telecommuting from home offices and 'telework' centers appeared in the 1980s, it was the wireless Internetconnected laptop and cellular telephone that truly enabled work to be accomplished anywhere, from the daily train commute to the local coffee shop. New shared workplace typologies are broadening the spectrum of alternative workplaces and offer footloose workers a professional home base and network. Collaborative community workplaces fall into several typologies that embody unique approaches. They typically emphasize community and collaboration among independent workers and small firms, and each offers a different package of physical space, location, amenities, programming, and specialized services and equipment. As a result, these workplaces can provide a host of benefits, including enhanced productivity, efficiencies of scale, networking opportunities, social identity, and face-to-face interaction. Using data gathered through 25 site visits and over 40 interviews with space operators and tenants in three U.S. cities, this thesis characterizes these workplaces and identifies the needs they fulfill. It also develops a set of guidelines for future shared workplaces, exploring the creation of a larger, urban-scale shared workplace district, or cluster.
by Timothy W. Bates.
M.C.P.

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39

Menezes, Benita Maria. "Engaging the state : urban citizenship practices at the frontier of urban renewal and Nagar Raj in suburban Mumbai." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44223.

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What are the political practices of engaging the state at the intersection of urban renewal and decentralization of governance (Nagar Raj) in millennial Mumbai? At stake in this question is the need to intervene in existing scholarship, which, until now, has been framed predominantly through macro-narratives of the structural dimensions of urban change. With regard to urban renewal, it has framed debates through the tropes of gentrification and dispossession and, with regard to urban governmentality, through binary constructs of civil and political society, or the overarching notion of civic governmentality. Although these conceptualizations have been useful, what is missing is a grounded reading of the micro-politics of everyday citizen practices that point to a dynamic and contentious public sphere. This thesis explores the micro-politics of spatial and institutional restructuring in a suburban neighborhood in Mumbai. Drawing on research across the themes of urban decentralization, renewal and citizenship, the research renders more complex the binary constructs of civil/political society as well as the homogeneous categories of urban poor and community by focusing on a case study of neighborhood-led micro-urban renewal. The research locates the evolving political consciousness and agency of neighborhood actors through their actual practices that overlap with and transgress siloed conceptualizations. In developing this argument on the new politics of neighborhoods, four ways of engaging the state in suburban Mumbai are identified: a politics of (1) difference, (2) silence, (3) civility, and (4) compensation.

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40

Osborne, Kate. "Illuminating the chorus in the shadows : Elizabethan and Jacobean Exeter, 1550-1610." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24298.

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This thesis challenges the notion that little light can be shed on Exeter’s ‘middling’ and ‘poorer’ sorts in the period 1550-1610, defined as ‘the chorus’ by Wallace MacCaffrey in his book Exeter 1540-1640. It selects data from mid- to late- sixteenth and early seventeenth century urban archives, defines the strengths and weaknesses of that data and captures it in a digitised database. It uses this data to test which of the methodologies of prosopography, collective and individual biography, social network analysis and occupied topography are most appropriate for analysis of the city’s social structure and individuals’ lived experiences. It subsequently selects collective and individual biography for use with the randomly incomplete data set presented by the archives. Using the database to create group and individual biographies, it then introduces elementary quantitative analyses of the city’s social structure, starting by describing broadly the distinguishing characteristics of the leading actors and the chorus. Following on from this, it describes several groups who form part of the chorus, including the more civically active, alongside those with less data against their names. It investigates family and household dynamics and reveals how these are reflected through the occupation of baker. It continues by examining the post-mortem intentions of those who bequeathed goods and explores the lives of a selection of craftsmen, merchants, tailors and widows viewed through in-depth biographies created from the comparatively rich data associated with death. It also makes explicit that the lack of a particular document type compromises the degree of success in connecting the chorus to the cityscape using occupied topography methodologies. It reveals the challenges of recreating the notion of neighbourhood in the city’s west quarter around St Nicholas Priory, then the town house of the wealthy Hurst family. It concludes that it is possible to outline a new model, that of the ‘categorised, connected citizen’, which challenges the validity of MacCaffrey’s construct of a bi-partite society, one side of which is a murky unknown quantity about whom no ‘striking assertions’ can be made. This new model acknowledges the dynamism, individuality and interactivity of Exeter’s inhabitants, and contents that it is a better one for enabling historians to treat respectfully people they cannot yet fully understand.

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41

Aksoy, Turan M. "The concepts and practices of urban mural painting since 1970 : artists' perspectives." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264344.

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Mural art has become a familiar feature of urban-public places. This is reflected within a broader debate on 'public' and 'community arts' by the number of books and articles published, conferences held, attention within art institutions, agencies for funding. and public reactions. The modern mural movement, especially in terms of 'community'. has had strong socio-cultural and political bonds, particularly since the end of the 1960s. However, although 'public', 'community' and 'environmental' art has received much attention, specific literature on the urban mural is limited. The research involved the coaecnon and selection of primary and secondary sources. analyses and interpretation of the questionnaires and interviews, personal experience, observation and collaboration in practical work, and site visits in order to identify the social, cultural, architectural and collaborative characteristics of murals and explain them within an urban context. Therefore the research is historical, analytical, experimental and theoretical. The urban phenomenon has started to be understood within its socio-cultural as well as its architectural framework, indeed the changing locations of mural art has focused attention more on the former. The findings of the literature review, analyses of the questionnaire, and the experiences of personal practical work, suggest that the dominant am of the modern urban murals is to democratise art, and humanise urban spaces. Within an increasing number of other types of 'public' art works, mLl'als seem less important at present, yet the study suggests that an increasing number of murals have been made in recent years. Due to their accessibility murals are an important visual pan of the urban landscape and reveal more developed ideas of locally related content mutually agreed styles and the effect of artistic and public collaboration. In conclusion the dissertation argues for a clearer understanding of the different roles and expectations of public and community art within the modern urban mural and an improved awareness of the complexities of negotiation and collaboration. It uses a range of readings; historical, social, cultural and artistic values to construct a multiple typology where parallel sources and influences are revealed. The current variability in the quality of art in public spaces might benefit from specific courses which introduce the idea of collaborative working alternative collective aesthetic values and a new role for an integrated artist. The study shows that local characteristics and community identity are paramount in arts integration within the urban context. and that connection with (urban) sociology and (local) cultural studies might help to develop a more critical language and understanding of art in urban places.

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42

Pinfold, Laura. "Innovative practices for effective management of building production processes within urban centres." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2173.

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Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
Urbanisation and globalisation are the foremost trends propelling the growth and development of cities and towns in the world today. The Cape Town central business district is an example of an urban centre that is required to deal with rapid urbanisation. The increasing number of inner-city developments evoked the congested construction sites and are rapidly becoming the norm within the industry. Innovative building production management is crucial in driving productivity which includes reducing cost at all stages, from planning to completion. However, from several literatures, construction firms are not significantly proactive towards innovative technology that could enhance the efficient delivery of building production. The improved building production management is advancing at a slow pace both in South Africa and internationally. Hence, this research analyse the strategies that could significantly enhance current building production processes and establish the effective management systems that could enhance efficient building production in the urban centres. Innovative methods of stimulating building production processes are needed to ensure that building projects are completed within timeframes and budgets. The research method is both quantitative and qualitative using surveys for data collection. This type of research aims to record an accurate and adequate description of the problem statement and the sub-question. Data for the study are collected through observations, semi-structured and unstructured qualitative interviews and quantitative close-ended questionnaires administered to construction stakeholders working in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. This research focuses on the City of Cape Town to gain an understanding of the dynamics of innovation in building production processes within the building industry. The population of this research include building project managers, registered contractors as well as consultants. Quantitative data obtained from the structured questionnaire design was analysed with descriptive statistics, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software 21 and content analysis are used to analyse the qualitative data obtained through interviewees.

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43

Abigo, Adeni. "Facilities management : enhancing solid waste management practices for urban marketplaces in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6abae677-0ec7-45e5-b940-0bba1d6b02d2.

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The African urban marketplace environment (MPE) is a space with deep cultural significance forming a focal point of economic and social life in African societies. Every African irrespective of their social status has contact with the marketplace. It is an influential, complex and highly dynamic space that deserves to be effectively managed. However, one significant challenge faced in the management of African marketplaces is how best to manage solid waste in order to provide a safe and clean environment. There is evidence in literature that inadequate solid waste management (SWM) in MPE is related to the attitudes of the market users, which has been incessantly tagged as ‘poor’. Literature also indicates a lack of sufficient understanding of the MPE and the factors that underpin the users’ attitude towards waste. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the MPE in order to identify the key underlying factors that underpin the attitude of market users towards waste. The research is undertaken in the Facilities Management (FM) context. It focuses on the environmental management component of FM with a particular consideration to SWM as a key reoccurring FM theme in the MPE. Primary data generation and collection was undertaken within the City of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Adopting a sequential mixed model research design, four markets were selected and data generated using non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and focus group research instruments. Non-participant observation of the four markets was carried out, 43 semi-structured interviews were conducted, and 746 questionnaires were administered. Finally, a focus group session made of 10 market stakeholders across the cases was conducted. The research established 10 key factors that could enhance the SWM practices in MPE. Through the application of analytical tools - Relative Importance Index (RII) and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) - the relative importance and the interdependencies between the factors were evaluated respectively. An ISM Influence-based Model was developed to serve as a guide for better SWM practices in MPE. The study also identified five key factors that underpin the attitudes of the market users towards waste. Contrary to existing literature, the research established that the trigger and facilitation of desired attitudinal change lies primarily with the market managers rather than the users. These outcomes of the research provide the essential knowledge to market facilities managers particularly in aiding to improve performance in environmental management as a core component of FM services in MPEs. It can be concluded that this research will enhance the effective functioning of markets by providing a safe and clean environment, which will have an impact on the attitude of the community towards waste.

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Cupidore, Jr Calvin C. "Education Management Organizations' Collaborative Leadership Practices for Low-Performing Urban Charter Schools." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3982.

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Educators have regarded building leader-member relationships using collaboration as a fundamental component to successfully improve students' academic achievement. Ineffective collaborative leadership practices may lead to achievement deficits particularly for many urban charter schools operated by educational management organizations. The purpose of this case study was to explore collaborative leadership practices educational management organization leaders need to assist school principals in low-performing K-12 urban charter schools to improve academic achievement. Guided by Fiedler's contingency theory, this case study explored the successful collaborative leadership practices of educational management organization leaders and school principals in a midwestern urban charter school to improve academic achievement. Data collection included semistructured interviews with 3 educational management organization leaders and 5 urban charter school principals and reviewing archival company documents. Data analysis involved coding and theming significant phrases and emerging patterns related to successful collaborative leadership practices until reaching data saturation. The emerging themes revealed included collaborative practices; academic achievement; implementation to change; school improvement; professional development; compliance and regulations; organizational culture, and community involvement. Findings from this case study resonated with Fiedler's contingency theory and indicated the significance of collaborative leadership practices. A significant positive social change implication is that the awareness of collaborative leadership practices in low-performing K-12 urban charter schools can enhance student academic achievement.

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45

Meketon, Rachel (Rachel Anne). "The impact of labor standards on restaurant business practices in Boston, MA." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111412.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.
"June 2017." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-65).
My research seeks to understand the impact of labor standards, or labor regulations, on restaurant business practices. I replicated a survey of full-service restaurants in Boston that was originally administered by T. William Lester in the Research Triangle Park and San Francisco (2016). The survey asked restaurant employers how they recruit, retain, and compensate employees and, particularly, servers and cooks. I hypothesized that, following the theory of dynamic monopsony, wage variation and "high road" practices among restaurants in Boston, with middling labor standards, would fall somewhere between the Research Triangle, with no locally-enacted labor standards, and San Francisco, with the highest labor standards in the country. For servers, I found that wage variation in Boston was similar to the Research Triangle likely because both regions have a tipped minimum wage that is lower than the regular minimum wage. For cooks, the wage variation could not be explained by dynamic monopsony. At the time of study, Boston had the highest regular minimum wage, but it had more variation in wages and a much higher average wage than the other regions. My results can likely be explained by labor supply. A linear regression found that, at a 99% confidence level, restaurants that could easily hire cooks paid $2.33 more than restaurants that had difficulty hiring cooks, which suggests that some restaurants offer higher wages to fill positions and retain workers. I also found that a substantial portion of restaurants (40%) follow high road practices, but there are discrepancies between my data and a recent survey of Boston area restaurant employees (Reyes and Rodriguez 2016a). Ultimately, I recommend that the City of Boston or an appropriate intermediary craft a career ladder strategy for current restaurant workers and city residents in collaboration with local businesses that ensures that the businesses will offer high quality jobs to newly-trained employees.
by Rachel Meketon.
M.C.P.

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46

Rogoff, Jonah. "Public art in Massachusetts : an analysis of municipal-based practices and approaches." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90102.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-150).
Nationwide, there exists a wide disparity between municipal-based public art programs. Mid to large sized cities typically have public art commissions, percent for art ordinances and various programs with full-time, internal staff. Programs in smaller-sized cities vary immensely, many having lower capacity, formality or activity than others. Most operate on shoestring budgets and rely on occasional grants, donations or fundraising opportunities in order to commission artwork. This thesis explores the different approaches to public art taken by municipalities with respect to administrative guidelines, operational structure, financial resources, programmatic missions and strategic partnerships. The research question seeks to answer what these approaches are and how they connect with broader themes of public art and urban planning. The study scope consists of five smaller sized cities in Massachusetts with populations under 125,000- Cambridge, Somerville, Salem, North Adams and Pittsfield-whose programs were recently active and perceived as reasonably successful. Interviews with arts administrators were conducted to gain insight into successes and challenges confronted by each program. The case studies reveal several findings with policy implications for the future of public art. An underlying goal of all the programs was to ensure that art remained "accessible" to the public. Other planning-related goals, such as economic development and revitalization, were key drivers of the programs, while strong political and public support appeared to be an essential ingredient that enabled the programs to function effectively. With limited budgets, most of the cities concentrated on temporary forms of public art, often tied to events or cultural programs. In managing their programs, the municipalities maintained a balance of formality and flexibility, which had effects on the public processes involved in the siting and selection of artwork. In the final section, a set of short and long-term recommendations are discussed to help address these challenges, along with topics for further research.
by Jonah Rogoff.
M.C.P.

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47

Warren, Suzanne. "Information systems for land acquisitions : wish lists, current practices and possible scenarios." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78222.

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48

Toth, A. Eric (Anthony Eric) 1971. "The growth of retail REITs : an exploration of current practices and implications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29787.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38).
This study is an exploration of the current growth activity of retail real estate investment trusts (REITs). The specific questions to be explored are: How are retail REITs currently growing, how is this growth being financed and what are the implications of these choices on the retail sector and individual REITs? This paper begins with a general overview of REIT specific characteristics and the retail sector that serves as background information to the data analysis found in the second part of this work. The author hopes that this thesis is of interest to REIT investors, managers, analysts and anyone else who might be curious about the current state of the retail REIT industry.
by A. Eric Toth.
S.M.

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49

Machakaire, Danai Gladman. "Transformation of urban planning practices using geo-spatial technology in managing rapid urbanisation in Harare: Zimbabwe." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1454.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Political independence for Zimbabwe in 1980 brought about fundamental socio-conomic changes which impacted on urbanisation trends in the country. For instance the removal of colonial influx control laws and regulations which had previously served to curtail ruralurban migration marked the beginning of a new developmental era characterised by rapid urbanisation. Political and economic downturns later experienced in the country in the last decade of the twentieth century and after resulted in massive de-industrialisation, company closures and high unemployment. These changes impacted significantly on the spatial structure of cities which had to firstly adapt to socio-political integration, and had to later focus on the basic challenges of providing shelter and alternative means of employment in a depressed economy. The physical and spatial manifestations of such changes included the rapid growth of informality, the collapse of urban infrastructure and the apparent disregard for the colonially styled urban development management frameworks. This research consequently evaluates the performance of current urban planning frameworks and practices in the face of such changing circumstances. This is against a backdrop of the apparent failure by urban planning to transform in line such development trends. The study explores the theoretical framework of rapid urbanisation, urban planning, and technological innovation in urban development management systems. The main focus of the study is on the transformation of planning practices and frameworks. Geo-spatial technology (GST) is mainly used as a demonstration and methodological tool for analysis and evaluation. The methodology is made up of two contrasting case studies based in the CBD of Harare (Zimbabwe‟s capital city) and Epworth (an informal settlement on the outskirts of Harare). The CBD case study measures the performance of planning frameworks within a formally planned set up whilst the Epworth case study demonstrates the (in)effectiveness of current planning practices to contemporary urban development challenges. The main findings of the research support the need to have mobile planning frameworks and tools that have the capacity to promptly respond to fast changing developmental trends. The other main finding highlights the positive relationship between impartial participation in planning and high level of success in achieving planning objectives.

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Stewart, Melissa A. "The Superintendent-Principal Relationship and its Influence on Leadership Practices for the Urban Elementary Principal and the Urban Superintendent." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337717600.

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