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1
Terry Childs, S., Karolyn Kinsey, and Seth Kagan. "Repository Fees for Archaeological Collections." Heritage Management 3, no. 2 (September 2010): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/hma.2010.3.2.189.
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Roberts Thompson, Amanda D., Victor D. Thompson, Michiel Kappers, Kristine Schenk, and Mark Williams. "Long-Term Legacies and Their Challenges in the Age of Modern Curation at the University of Georgia." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 3 (June 21, 2019): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.16.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTFormally established in the fall of 1947, the Laboratory of Archaeology at the University of Georgia is an archaeological research and collection repository. It is considered one of the premier institutions for curation of archaeological collections from the American Southeast. For over 70 years, the Laboratory has served as a repository for objects and associated records generated from archaeological projects and research undertaken by faculty, students, CRM professionals, and state and federal agencies. The Laboratory curates over 20,000 cubic feet of artifacts as well as paper and digital archives. In addition, the Laboratory houses the Georgia Archaeological Site File and manages data from more than 59,000 archaeological sites, including over 11,500 archaeological reports. In this paper, we explore implementation procedures for bringing legacy collections up to modern curation standards. We also outline how we migrate the data on paper records into the digital realm, articulating them within a comprehensive framework.
3
Stone, Tammy. "A Guide to the Use of Museum Collections for Archaeological Research." Advances in Archaeological Practice 6, no. 4 (May 9, 2018): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.13.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTFrom a perusal of archaeological and museum journals it is apparent that there is a rich literature dealing with topics such as the place of museums and repositories in anthropological research, engagement with indigenous/descendant populations by archaeologists working in a variety of settings (including collections-based research), and research centered on the study of existing archaeological collections. Despite this rich literature, however, the archaeological researcher who wishes to use collections in archives, museums, or repositories for the first time is often perplexed by how to gain access to collections, how to communicate with archive/museum/repository professionals, the constraints that archive/museum/repository professionals work under, and—at an even more basic level—what the difference between an archive, a museum, and a repository actually is. This article addresses some of these questions and provides a practical guide to opening up the vast research opportunities presented by existing collections.
4
Brenskelle, Laura, Michelle LeFebvre, Rob Guralnick, Kitty Emery, John Wieczorek, Sarah Kansa, and Eric Kansa. "Identifiers as Mechanisms for Linking Archaeological Data across Repositories." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 21, 2018): e26471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26471.
Анотація:
Zooarchaeological specimens are the remains of animals, including vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, recovered from, or in association with, archaeological contexts of deposition or surrounding landscapes. The physical scope of zooarchaeological specimens is diverse and includes macro- and micro-zooarchaeological specimens composed of archaeologically preserved bone, shell, exoskeletons, teeth, hair or fur, scales, horns or antlers, as well as geochemical (e.g., isotopes) and biochemical (e.g., ancient DNA) signatures derived from faunal remains. Artifacts and objects created from animal remains, such as bone pins, shell beads, preserved animal hides, are also zooarchaeological specimens. Here we present recent work to utilize identifiers for archaeological samples in new data publishing routines, focusing on key challenges. One critical challenge is that archaeological samples are often composited into different units depending on managers of collections and analysts. Thus, in some cases, when migrating datasets for publication, identifiers can refer to different sets of units, even within the same dataset. Another key challenge is assuring that different repositories can share sample identifiers. We show how Open Context, a site-based archaeology-focused repository that also manages objects such as zooarchaeological material, and VertNet, a specimen-oriented biodiversity repository, have collaborated to share sample identifiers. While this illustrates a success story of linking data across repositories, we discuss the complexity of how “occurrence identifiers,” but not true sample identifiers, in VertNet are propagated to another system where the identifiers point to a similar record called “Animal Bone” in Open Context.
5
LEKSON, STEPHEN H. "Curating Archaeological Collections: From the Field to the Repository." Museum Anthropology 28, no. 2 (September 2005): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.2005.28.2.66.
6
Grizzle, Meghan. "Betwixt and Between: Bridging the Gap Between Field and Repository." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e27042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.27042.
Анотація:
All too often, archaeologists have viewed curation as a process that manages, rather than investigates, archaeological and natural history collections. The curation crisis can be understood as the result of a serious imbalance between the continued generation of field collections and a corresponding lack of resources and facilities devoted to accessioning, analyzing, reporting, curating and otherwise caring for these collections. Researchers mistakenly prioritize ‘interpretation at the trowel’s edge’ with emphasis on excavation and field work, without considering the problem of how and where to store the objects they excavate. While legislation, Curation of Federally Owned and Administered Archaeological Collections (36 C.F.R. Part 79), was intended to ensure the long-term management and care of these resources, the absence of funding at the institutional and federal levels, nonexistent enforcement of the legislation through the National Park Service, and lack of compliance from field archaeologists, have resulted in collections throughout the United States being at risk of loss through deterioration, mismanagement, and neglect. I will demonstrate that accessioning, inventorying, cataloguing, rehousing and conserving are meaningful generative encounters between scholars, objects and collections staff, not simply byproducts of research. The need for an online database specifically set up for archaeological collections is suggested as a way to address the curation crisis. Implementing digitization will enhance preservation by reducing damage to the artifacts caused by physical handling. Persons working within the field will gain a better understanding of collections care and the collections transition to the repository.
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Doershuk, John F., Warren D. Davis, and John Palmquist. "Curation of the John and Phil Palmquist Archaeological Collection." Advances in Archaeological Practice 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2021.31.
Анотація:
AbstractThe 2018 SAA statement encouraging collaboration between archaeologists and “responsible and responsive stewards” included recommendations epitomizing decades of established practice at the University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist (OSA), a research center housing the State Archaeological Repository of Iowa. At the time the SAA statement was published, OSA staff were actively implementing a grant supporting transfer to the State Repository of the John and Phil Palmquist Archaeological Collection. This grant was designed to provide hands-on research experience for undergraduate students interested in archaeology and collections management while recording improved site locational data and artifact specific documentation, including on relatively rare (for the area) red pipestone artifacts. Although modest by some standards, the Palmquist Collection includes 860 artifacts from 26 locations recorded through 40 years of surface survey by the family in a portion of Iowa that is rarely the focus of professional archaeologists. This article provides a case study of responsible archaeological practice implementing SAA recommendations, including treating collector-collaborators with respect, encouraging collector assistance in the recording of finds, capturing research data from a private collection, and facilitating curation of privately owned materials. We include brief consideration of the impact of the Palmquist Collection on the understanding of southwestern Iowa archaeology.
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Nielsen-Grimm, Glenna, and Robyn Haynie. "Care of Archaeological Materials Begins in the Field." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 3 (August 2019): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.18.
Анотація:
AbstractCare of archaeological materials should begin when recovered in the field. Care and stabilization of objects in the field will greatly increase their research and exhibit potential. Identifying problems and understanding basic solutions to object care and stabilization is an important part of training for all potential object handlers. Proper care and stabilization of objects can and should be a priority for all object users—excavators, lab analysts, museum staff, and researchers. Constant dialogue and communication between repository specialists and archaeologists can be the most useful source for care of all archaeological objects.
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Coutant, Brad A., and Judith A. Brown. "The University of Wyoming Archaeological Repository and Federal Agencies: A Multilateral Partnership." Museum Anthropology 23, no. 2 (September 1999): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.1999.23.2.34.
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Childs, S. Terry, and Danielle M. Benden. "A Checklist for Sustainable Management of Archaeological Collections." Advances in Archaeological Practice 5, no. 1 (February 2017): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2016.4.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThe discipline of archaeology has been tolerating, at best, a “curation crisis” for decades that is unsustainable. The many issues related to long-term collections care continue to worsen. To counter this trend, we advocate that planning for collections be integrated into project administration from inception such that the management of archaeological collections begins before fieldwork and continues well after recovered collections reach the repository. To conceptualize this process, we identify the Collection Management Cycle as a framework for the many stakeholders involved in archaeological projects. We also provide a checklist that identifies the responsibilities stakeholders have to the collections they generate, fund, care for, manage, and/or study. Concerted use of the checklist and other proposed solutions will lead to a new era of a more sustainable archaeological practice.
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Childs, S., Karolyn Kinsey, and Seth Kagan. "Repository Fees for Archaeological Collections Trends and Issues over a Decade of Study." Heritage & Society 3, no. 2 (January 2010): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/hso.2010.3.2.189.
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Goncharov, A. E., and V. V. Kolodzhieva. "Medical paleomicrobiology: problems and prospects." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 66, no. 5-6 (August 30, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-5-6-72-77.
Анотація:
The study of microbial DNA from paleontological and archaeological samples is a powerful tool for estimating the molecular evolution of human pathogens. The paper is a retrospective review of the most significant achievements in medical paleomicrobiology. The subject of the discussion is the genetic diversity of ancient microbiomes including pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance genes. Paleomicrobiological studies of permafrost as a repository of pathogenic microbiota are highly promising.
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Benden, Danielle M., and Mara C. Taft. "A Long View of Archaeological Collections Care, Preservation, and Management." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 3 (August 2019): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.22.
Анотація:
AbstractCollections care practices have become professionalized in the last 30 years, in large part because of the work of organizations such as the American Alliance of Museums, the Canadian Conservation Institute, the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, the American Institute for Conservation, and others in the museum sphere. Advances in preservation and management have benefited the discipline of archaeology in the field and laboratory. This thematic issue provides an updated perspective on the current happenings in the repository, highlighting innovative techniques and practices that collections specialists employ when managing the archaeological record. This article considers a macroview of the issues surrounding archaeological curation today and ponders what the future of collections preservation can and should look like.
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Berggren, Åsa Ottosson, and Anders Gutehall. "Going from Analogue to Digital: A Study of Documentation Methods during an Excavation of the Neolithic Flint Mines at Pilbladet, Sweden." Current Swedish Archaeology 26, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 119–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2018.10.
Анотація:
The ‘digital turn’ in archaeology has resulted in documentation, analysis, visualization and repository requirements becoming increasingly digital in recent years. However, we are only at the beginning of understanding how the shift from analogue to digital affects archaeological interpretation, as attention has mainly been directed towards technological aspects. However, how archaeology is executed influences the production of archaeological knowledge, and additional research into digital practices and their consequences is needed. During the latest excavation in 2014 of the Neolithic flint mines of Södra Sallerup, in Malmö in southern Sweden, several recording methods were used to document the remains in plan, including hand drawing, digital mapping with GPS and digital photography using a camera mounted on a pole. The records were used to create both a digital plan as well as georeferenced orthophotos from a 3D model and from photomosaic. The aim was to produce a record comparable to previous documentation from decades of archaeological excavations of the flint mines in the area, as well as one that is up-to-date with today’s digital standards. The methods are described and their consequences for the archaeological results are discussed.
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Lõugas, Lembi, Inna Jürjo, and Erki Russow. "European Flat Oyster (Ostrea Edulis L.) in the Eastern Baltic as Evidence of Long-Distance Trade in Medieval and Early Modern Times." Heritage 5, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020044.
Анотація:
Along most of the European littoral, oysters were appreciated as a wholesome and palatable food from the Stone Age onwards, yet were transported much further from their natural habitats when long-distance trade in marine foodstuffs began in medieval times. The brackish waters of the Baltic Sea are not considered a suitable environment for this mollusc, and therefore all archaeological oyster shell finds are the result of import to the eastern Baltic. In this study, over 1000 shells found in different medieval and early modern archaeological contexts in Estonia were analysed, and the obtained data recorded in a data repository. Some conclusions are set out, based on shell size and shape, and breakage traces, but more detailed taphonomic studies are left for the future. This study identifies the earliest imports of oysters recorded by archaeological material and written sources. Both show records not much earlier than the 16th century AD. Although no information is preserved about the exact origin of oysters imported to Estonia, the oyster beds most probably exploited are those in the central eastern North Sea, i.e., the Wadden Sea.
16
Kostyukevich, A. V. "Stabilization and Conservation of Iron Objects in the Collections of the Institute of History, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, no. 5 (November 7, 2022): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-5-541-548.
Анотація:
The Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus possesses a century-old repository of archaeological artefacts obtained during planned and rescue excavations. Iron items are a true gem of this collection. Until recently, stabilization, conservation, and restoration of iron artefacts remained a relevant problem, a lot of items being lost to corrosion. The experimental laboratory for stabilization and conservation of archaeological iron, which appeared in 2019, stabilizes iron artefacts by treating them with thin alkaline sulfite solution under ultrasound. This method is extremely effective against active corrosion. More than 200 iron objects have already undergone a full cycle of conservation. Half of them is deposited in the repositories of the Institute of History, and the other half is exhibited at its archaeological scientific museum. Restoration preserves metal objects for research, increases their interpretability, and introduces them into scientific circulation. Their appearance being restored, iron artefacts can be exhibited both at stationary and traveling exhibitions, thus popularizing the domestic archaeology and encouraging cooperation with Russian historians.
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Agapiou, Athos, Vasiliki Lysandrou, and Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis. "Earth Observation Contribution to Cultural Heritage Disaster Risk Management: Case Study of Eastern Mediterranean Open Air Archaeological Monuments and Sites." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081330.
Анотація:
Disaster risk management (DRM) for cultural heritage is a complex task that requires multidisciplinary cooperation. This short communication underlines the critical role of satellite remote sensing (also known as earth observation) in DRM in dealing with various hazards for cultural heritage sites and monuments. Here, satellite observation potential is linked with the different methodological steps of the DRM cycle. This is achieved through a short presentation of recent paradigms retrieved from research studies and the Scopus scientific repository. The communication focuses on the Eastern Mediterranean region, an area with an indisputable wealth of archaeological sites. Regarding the cultural heritage type, this article considers relevant satellite observation studies implemented in open-air archaeological monuments and sites. The necessity of this communication article emerged while trying to bring together earth observation means, cultural heritage needs, and DRM procedures.
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McManamon, Francis P., Keith W. Kintigh, Leigh Anne Ellison, and Adam Brin. "tDAR." Advances in Archaeological Practice 5, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2017.18.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTHundreds of thousands of archaeological investigations in the United States conducted over the last several decades have documented a large portion of the recovered archaeological record in the United States. However, if we are to use this enormous corpus to achieve richer understandings of the past, it is essential that both CRM and academic archaeologists change how they manage their digital documents and data over the course of a project and how this information is preserved for future use. We explore the nature and scope of the problem and describe how it can be addressed. In particular, we argue that project workflows must ensure that the documents and data are fully documented and deposited in a publicly accessible, digital repository where they can be discovered, accessed, and reused to enable new insights and build cumulative knowledge.
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Wiltshire, Kelly. "From Archaeologist to Archivist." Advances in Archaeological Practice 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2017): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2017.14.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTMoving image archives—like many other archives—are considered a passive repository of knowledge extraction, rather than an active site of knowledge production. Following the premise that archives are indeed a source of knowledge production, this article explores how moving image archives have the potential to produce new and alternative knowledges by bringing to light factors that may have influenced archaeological practice, factors captured within a moving image archive but obscured or marginalized within linear accounts of this practice. While such an archive may exist unevenly, the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) has been historically positioned to develop a moving image archive that features a number of well-known archaeological investigations. Yet this archive and similar moving image archives remain overlooked and underutilized resources. In order to address this, emphasis is placed on producing detailed, searchable, and retrievable content description for moving image archives. In doing so, this article maintains that the knowledge and experience brought to the management of this archive following the author's transition “from archaeologist to archivist,” is key to promoting the discoverability and accessibility of this archive with potential clients in the archaeological, academic, and broader community.
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Kurzybova, Y. V., and V. I. Dmitriev. "On the Development of the Database “ArchaeoNomos” to Support Archaeological Research." Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 35 (2021): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2021.35.3.
Анотація:
Archeology is the only branch of human study that relies more on material remains left by people than on direct observation of human behavior or on written evidence. This focus on material evidence compels archaeologists to improve the methods and techniques of collecting and interpreting data that ensure the extraction of maximum information from available sources. The article provides an analysis of existing national and foreign information and geoinformation systems representing data on archaeological finds, cultural sites, and research documentation. A description of the existing standards, which regulate the list of attributes of geoarchaeological objects, is provided. The article also describes the stages of conceptual and logical modeling of the “ArchaeoNomos” database, which represents a unified repository for all data accompanying archaeological investigations, archaeological research and design, and documentation of research activities of the Scientific Research Center “Baikal Region” of Irkutsk State University. The problem of automating the processes of storage, processing, modification, and interpretation of geoarchaeological data is formulated. The system analysis of the subject area, system specification of an application that works with a database, the surveying specialists of the subject area to identify associations between database objects are presented. The infological and physical models of data presentation in the database are described, which allows the integration of the accumulated archaeological data into larger scientific associations. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of using relational databases as repositories for archaeological data are outlined. The purpose of creating the “ArchaeoNomos” database is to implement measures for the preservation of the archaeological heritage, including the introduction and the use of the database by scientists that systematize and automate access to accumulated scientific data, including literary sources. The sub-goals include solving the problem of organizing and storing archaeological data, implementing multilingual interfaces in the information system, organizing information support for field and laboratory archaeological research, transferring the physical (nondigital) historical data storage system to a digital system. “ArchaeoNomos” database allows to keep records, analyze, visualize, and interpret data on geoarchaeological sites of Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region.
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Surmely, Frédéric. "Characterization of Tertiary Flints by geochemistry; application to the French territory." Lietuvos archeologija Lietuvos archeologija T. 46 (December 18, 2020): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386514-046007.
Анотація:
In present-day France, tertiary flints have played an important part in the supply of prehistoric populations, due to their abundance, quality and presence in areas without marine flint. From the Upper Paleolithic until the end of the use of flint, they were transported over far distances, especially in the center of the Central Massif. In this article the geochemical method is preferred for attributing of precise geographical origin to an archaeological artifact. To form the geological repository, a very large geographical field was taken, encompassing a large part of France, from the Marne county to the Gard county, and most of the major French sedimentary basins (Bassin Parisien, Cantal, Gard). The archaeological corpus includes pieces from sites of the Upper Paleolithic and the Epipaleolithic of Auvergne. The geochemical study does not provide a comprehensive answer to the question of the geographical origin of tertiary flints, but nevertheless allows for certain and significant advances in knowledge. Keywords: Flint raw materials, Palaeolithic age, Magdalenian, Raw materials, Geochemistry.
22
Montuori, Riccardo, Laura Gilabert-Sansalvador, Ana Laura Rosado-Torres, and Gaspar Muñoz Cosme. "Digitizing an Excavation: A Laser Scanning Database of Maya Architectural Remains." Studies in Digital Heritage 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v6i2.35236.
Анотація:
Excavating an ancient Maya city requires a long-term archaeological project that entails adequate documentation procedures for the unearthed remains, frequently of monumental scale and with difficult preservation conditions. A digital laser scanner survey methodology was designed and implemented to document the exposed architecture and to follow-up the archaeological excavation of the Maya site of La Blanca (Peten, Guatemala). All scans collected during the different field seasons were stored and aligned in a common reference system. Thus, an accurate digital three-dimensional database was obtained, including all the architectural remains found, some of which had to be reburied to ensure their preservation. The resulting database is a helpful repository that facilitates to extract all the graphic outputs required for: planning the next excavation campaigns, monitoring the preservation of the buildings, studying the architecture and construction technology in detail, and disseminating the excavation results. This paper describes the methodology and procedures used to build-up this database.
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Boeyens, Jan C. A. "The intersection of archaeology, oral tradition and history in the South African interior." New Contree 64 (July 30, 2012): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v64i0.321.
Анотація:
The historical entanglement of indigenous and colonial societies in South Africa created not only multiple points of social and cultural interaction, but also a repository of interconnected material, oral and documentary records. A multi-source, comparative approach across disciplinary boundaries is, therefore, essential to achieve a full and seamless account of late precolonial and early colonial African history. Oral tradition could serve as a bridge between archaeology and text-based history, thereby enabling historically known political lineages to be connected with the archaeological ruins of specific precolonial African towns. Similarly, documentary sources on African societies of the interior are often very limited in scope even deep into the nineteenth century, as a result of which the complementary use of archaeological methods and data becomes a methodological imperative. Three case studies from the South African interior, Marothodi, Kaditshwene and Magoro Hill, are presented to illustrate the explanatory potential of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the more recent African past.
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Moscati, Paola. "Le rôle d'open access dans la diffusion des résultats de la recherche scientifique : le cas de « Archeologia e Calcoloatori »." Journal of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences 1 (December 1, 2018): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.62526/nblwz6.
Анотація:
The author aims at highlighting the relationship between the interdisciplinary research field of digital archaeology and the new trends inaugurated by the open science movement that has recently transformed the ways in which scientific knowledge is disseminated. The article starts with a brief historical background of archaeological computing and an overview of the first attempts made to design information retrieval systems. In order to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the open access policy, the author focuses on the case study of the scholarly Journal «Archeologia e Calcolatori» which has early joined the Open Archives Initiative in 2005, following the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities. After summarising some key scientific aims and editorial guidelines of the Journal, which is due to celebrate its 30th anniversary next year, the paper illustrates the main technical features of its digital repository as well as data dissemination strategies. The purpose is to explore two different issues: i) a review of the technical aspects of the open access to archaeological research results (OA publishing models, legal issues and computer technologies); ii) a review of the benefits of using electronic resources to enrich the scientific documentation and disseminate interdisciplinary culture. Finally, the paper focuses on the “Virtual Museum of Archaeological Computing” – an international project jointly promoted by the Italian CNR and the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei – in which the articles published in « Archeologia e Calcolatori » are often retrieved to illustrate the historical evolution of archaeological computing.
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Sapiains, Pía, Valentina Figueroa, Frances Hayashida, Diego Salazar, Andrew Menzies, Cristián González, Rodrigo Loyola, et al. "Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi." Minerals 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121402.
Анотація:
Northern Chile is home to the world’s largest copper ore deposits, which have been exploited for thousands of years by different groups, at varying scales and for different purposes. In this context, it is important to develop new protocols to characterise the mineralogical variability of archaeological copper ores. A comprehensive and representative methodology in the analysis of minerals, the application of non-destructive analytical techniques, and the combination of insights from geological, archaeological and local knowledge are key to developing a copper mineral repository of the Atacama Desert area. Geochemical analyses were applied to the study of 568 samples from the archaeological site Pukara de Turi, with different techniques such as micro-XRF, XRD, QEMSCAN, Raman spectroscopy and technological studies. This exhaustive analysis allowed for the recognition of two mineralogical associations: atacamite/brochantite (99%) and azurite/chrysocolla (1%). The study of various minerals allows data to be interpreted more reliably and to trace the likely geological sources of these minerals. The azurite/chrysocolla samples appear to belong to the same mineral association found in the Cerro Verde district, which is probably the source of these samples. The atacamite/brochantite samples appear to come from more than one geological source, including, but not limited to, Chuquicamata-Radomiro Tomic and El Abra-Conchi.
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Roth, Kate. "With an Open Mind and Open Heart." Museum Worlds 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2016.040109.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTArchaeological repositories are active spaces that preserve the archaeological record for future research and care for the cultural and ancestral heritage of Indigenous communities. Repositories therefore have the potential to be sites of continued collaborative engagement between scholars and communities. The Laboratory of Archaeology (LOA) at the University of British Columbia is a repository that now works with communities to respectfully care for their cultural material, while still remaining committed to research and education. Drawing on interviews with LOA members and my own experience working at the lab, I explore the ways LOA’s practices and policies work to mitigate power asymmetry and facilitate sharing knowledge between communities and scholars.
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Radley, J. D. "Trace fossils: a smaller museum's perspective." Geological Curator 8, no. 5 (June 2006): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc369.
Анотація:
The Warwickshire Natural History and Archaeological Society, who amassed many specimens, including Triassic reptile tracks, initiated Warwickshire Museum's trace fossil collection during the nineteenth century. In recent decades, renewed interest in the trace fossil specimens has enhanced their value as a repository of scientific and historic data. Warwickshire's geological sites still have considerable potential for yielding trace fossils and, in particular, Jurassic sections have furnished new records in recent years. Triassic reptile tracks were first displayed at the Warwick Market Hall during the nineteenth century; notes are provided on a rediscovered, previously exhibited Chirotherium specimen from Preston Bagot, western Warwickshire. The Warwickshire Museum continues to display a small number of trace fossils.
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Halabi, Osama, Somaya Al-Maadeed, Mary Puthern, Perumal Balakrishnan, and Sherine El-Menshawy. "3D GIS Interactive Visualization of the Archaeological Sites in Qatar for Research and Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 17, no. 01 (January 20, 2022): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i01.25933.
Анотація:
This project provides a proficient approach to coordinate archeological ex-ercises, information administration, digital object representation, and spa-tial investigation. The proposed framework furnishes the client with the in-tuitive investigation of the 3D model artifacts along with detailed infor-mation on specific points of interest alongside their 3D geographic infor-mation system (3D GIS). A parallel result is the utilization of fully trans-parent and cost-effective open source tools and free software. The work ad-dressed the creation of a computerized system that aids classification, ad-ministration, and representation of archeological discoveries inside a 3D web-based repository; and the utilization of 3D digital models as a restora-tion of the artifacts to allow navigation through the data; besides enabling 3D GIS to spatially store, share, envision and examine complex archeologi-cal components; This work is one of the first of its type in Qatar to archive and record all of the archeological data from the Murwab site in Qatar.
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Machiridza, Lesley Hatipone, and Russell Kapumha. "Beyond Colonial Boundaries: Reimagining the Rozvi through Landscapes, Identities and Indigenous Epistemologies." Land 12, no. 8 (August 18, 2023): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12081625.
Анотація:
The land, ‘things’/objects, and memory in the form of narratives and metaphors are intricately bound together. They all constitute the iconography of a shared set of ideas, beliefs, feelings, values, practices, and performances that objectify collective identities. Respectively, these complex entangled tangible and spiritual/invisible indices of identities situated in places deserve special archaeological devotion. However, since African archaeology and history remains trapped in Eurocentric colonial metanarratives, indigenous epistemologies and ontologies have somehow remained on the margins of knowledge production processes. This deliberate erasure and silencing continues to impede archaeology’s capacity to explore hidden meanings and values that people imbue to places and landscapes through time. Owing to this setback, multiple precolonial group identities in parts of Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, and Mozambique such as Torwa, Twamamba, Rozvi, Singo, and Venda, among others, remain vague and subjectively tied to the archaeology of Butua/Torwa (AD 1400–1644) and Rozvi (AD 1685–1830) state systems. The failure to read the landscape as both a repository of memory and an agent for collective identities continues to compound our archaeological challenges. Against this background, Rozvi oral narratives and the Insiza cluster Khami-phase sites in southwestern Zimbabwe are subjected to renewed scrutiny. Following a critical review of colonial archives and Rozvi traditions, it turned out that instead of contradicting ‘science’, oral traditions actually amplify our reading of the archaeological record, only if handled properly.
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Serhieieva, M. S. "WOODEN ARTEFACTS FROM RAIKY HILLFORT." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 22, 2018): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.03.18.
Анотація:
The article deals with a timber used in the woodworking of the population of Raiky hillfort (now Berdychiv Region of Zhytomyr Oblast). Wooden artefacts preserved in the Scientific Repository of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine also were introduced into scientific circulation. The work is based on two information blocks: archival data (the manuscript of T. M. Movchanivskyi) and data on the study of the materials of the Repository carried out by the author.
Archival materials allow us to talk about wood used in construction. The main building material was oak (Quercus sp.), birch was also used (Betula sp.), and individual details could be made of lime tree (Tilia sp.).
A knife handle, a fragmented spinning comb, fragments of carved and turned vessels, a handle of a tool (maybe of a shovel) represent the materials from the Repository. Such species of wood as alder (Alnus sp.) for turned and carved vessels and a knife handle, birch (Betula sp.) for a fragment of a thick-walled carved vessel, pear for a comb (Pyrus sp.), oak (Quercus sp.) for a shovel handle (?), and hazel (Corylus sp.) for a fragment of a cooperage hoop were identified.
Thus, local resources were used in various areas of wood processing.
The conducted research contribute to the expansion of the existing database on the archaeological wood. In the future, this will allow the use of the information obtained in the context of the study of palaeoeconomy and economic activity of the population of Ancient Rus.
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Kintigh, Keith W., Katherine A. Spielmann, Adam Brin, K. Selçuk Candan, Tiffany C. Clark, and Matthew Peeples. "Data Integration in the Service of Synthetic Research." Advances in Archaeological Practice 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2017.33.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTAddressing archaeology's most compelling substantive challenges requires synthetic research that exploits the large and rapidly expanding corpus of systematically collected archaeological data. That, in turn, requires a means of combining datasets that employ different systematics in their recording while at the same time preserving the semantics of the data. To that end, we have developed a general procedure that we call query-driven, on-the-fly data integration that is deployed within the Digital Archaeological Record digital repository. The integration procedure employs ontologies that are mapped to the original datasets. Integration of the ontology-based dataset representations is done at the time the query is executed, based on the specific content of the query. In this way, the original data are preserved, and data are aggregated only to the extent necessary to obtain semantic comparability. Our presentation draws examples from the largest application to date: an effort by a research community of Southwest US faunal analysts. Using 24 ontologies developed to cover a broad range of observed faunal variables, we integrate faunal data from 33 sites across the late prehistoric northern Southwest, including about 300,000 individually recorded faunal specimens.
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Mi, Xiying, Richard Bernardy, and LeEtta Schmidt. "Building an archaeological data repository: a digital library and digital humanities collaboration at the University of South Florida." International Journal on Digital Libraries 22, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00799-020-00297-1.
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Boutsi, A. M., C. Ioannidis, and S. Soile. "INTERACTIVE ONLINE VISUALIZATION OF COMPLEX 3D GEOMETRIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (January 31, 2019): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-173-2019.
Анотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the last decade 3D datasets of the Cultural Heritage field have become extremely rich and high detailed due to the evolution of the technologies they derive from. However, their online deployment, both for scientific and general public purposes is usually deficient in user interaction and multimedia integration. A single solution that efficiently addresses these issues is presented in this paper. The developed framework provides an interactive and lightweight visualization of high-resolution 3D models in a web browser. It is based on 3D Heritage Online Presenter (3DHOP) and Three.js library, implemented on top of WebGL API. 3DHOP capabilities are fully exploited and enhanced with new, high level functionalities. The approach is especially suited to complex geometry and it is adapted to archaeological and architectural environments. Thus, the multi-dimensional documentation of the archaeological site of Meteora, in central Greece is chosen as the case study. Various navigation paradigms are implemented and the data structure is enriched with the incorporation of multiple 3D model viewers. Furthermore, a metadata repository, comprises ortho-images, photographic documentation, video and text, is accessed straight forward through the inspection of the main 3D scene of Meteora by a system of interconnections.</p>
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Filigenzi, Anna. "Orientalised Hellenism versus Hellenised Orient:Reversing the Perspective on Gandharan Art." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 18, no. 1 (2012): 111–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005712x638663.
Анотація:
Abstract Studies on Gandharan art have not yet produced an unbiased interpretation of its participation in the wide phenomenon of ‘Hellenism’. This incertitude is mirrored by ambiguous and debatable definitions such as ‘Hellenised Orient’ or ‘Gréco-bouddhique’, which contain an implicit, though mostly unintentional, notion of civilising influence. The emphasis on Hellenistic forms may mislead our interpretative efforts, especially when, as in the case of India, art history is based on weak historical grounds. Indeed, in order to develop more effective analytical tools we have to draw upon methodical and scientific archaeology. The aim of the present work is to offer an overview of the most important achievements of the IsIAO’s Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan with regard to the vexata quaestio of the inception of Gandharan art and, implicitly, the inclusion of Hellenistic elements into the local figurative languages. In the course of over fifty years of field research the Italian Archaeological Mission has created a repository of data that enables us to bring vis-à-vis the single site and the regional environment, as well as the religious settlement and the lay world around, thus providing reliable grounds for a better understanding of the historical, political and social framework of Gandharan art and its Hellenistic components.
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Faniel, Ixchel M., Anne Austin, Eric Kansa, Sarah Whitcher Kansa, Phoebe France, Jennifer Jacobs, Ran Boytner, and Elizabeth Yakel. "Beyond the Archive." Advances in Archaeological Practice 6, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.2.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThis article presents research on archaeological data creation and management practices at two excavations in Europe in order to gain a better understanding of how to align these practices with the data reuse needs of a broader research community. The Secret Life of Data project follows the life cycle of data from the field to the digital repository to better understand opportunities and challenges in data interpretation, publication, and preservation. Our “Slow Data” approach focuses not on maximizing the speed and quantity of data but, rather, on emphasizing curation, contextualization, communication, and broader understanding. Through a mixed-methods approach of interviews, field observations, and excavation data assessments, we recommended changes (both technical and organizational) to improve data creation and management practices. We report our findings and offer readers guidance on streamlining data collection for reuse during excavation.
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Bochkarev, Vadim S. "Archaeology at the Crossroads between the Humanities and Natural Sciences." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 2 (2021): 516–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.212.
Анотація:
In this study archaeological sites are defined as objects comprised of two major components. One of them is regarded as culturological, and the other one — as natural-historical. The first component is mainly represented by the artefacts, and thus it supplies cultural-historical information, examination and interpretation of which is one of the primary tasks of archaeology as a discipline of the humanities. The second component includes eco-facts, nature-facts and so-called cultural-natural objects. All оf them have natural origin or were shaped under a strong influence of the natural environment, which makes it reasonable to deem this second component the basis for natural-scientific repository of archaeology. It provides materials for geological, palaeobotanical, palaeozoological, chemical and other researches. It must be strongly emphasized that such knowledge without a cultural-historical context has no purpose or focus. This article demonstrates that the natural-historical component is an integral part of any archaeological site. It is inseparable from the culturological component. A vivid material embodiment of the link between the two is provided by the cultural layer. Essentially, it is impossible to meaningfully examine the two components in isolation — independently of each other. As a result, the actual material archeologists work with, its content and character place archaeology at the crossroads between the humanities and natural sciences. It is hoped that in the future it will develop as a multi-disciplinary subject with a prevalence of the humanitarian dimension.
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Moffat, Ian, Rachel Rudd, Malte Willmes, Graham Mortimer, Les Kinsley, Linda McMorrow, Richard Armstrong, Maxime Aubert, and Rainer Grün. "Bioavailable soil and rock strontium isotope data from Israel." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 3641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3641-2020.
Анотація:
Abstract. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr ∕ 86Sr) of biogenic material such as bones and teeth reflect the local sources of strontium ingested as food and drink during their formation. This has led to the use of strontium isotope ratios as a geochemical tracer in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, food studies and forensic sciences. In order to utilise strontium as a geochemical tracer, baseline data of bioavailable 87Sr ∕ 86Sr in the region of interest are required, and a growing number of studies have developed reference maps for this purpose in various geographic regions, and over varying scales. This study presents a new data set of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios from rock and soil samples across Israel, as well as from sediment layers from seven key archaeological sites. This data set may be viewed and accessed both in an Open Science Framework repository (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XKJ5Y, Moffat et al., 2020) or via the IRHUM (Isotopic Reconstruction of Human Migration) database.
38
Lõugas, Lembi, and Eve Rannamäe. "Investigating Animal Remains in Estonia." Archaeologia Lituana 21 (December 28, 2020): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2019.21.8.
Анотація:
In Estonia, faunal remains have been an important part of archaeological material since the 19th century. During the 20th century, the interest in faunal history was rather volatile, but gained some stability during the 1990s. Since then, zooarchaeology in Estonia has developed substantially, focusing on a variety of topics. Together with methods from traditional zooarchaeology, interdisciplinary methods like the studies of ancient DNA and stable isotopes are increasingly used. However, despite the growing understanding of the importance of faunal remains in archaeological and historical research, there are still problems with collecting animal remains during the fieldwork and documenting and organising them. On the other hand, interest in scientific methods and destructive sampling of the osseous remains have become increasingly popular in science projects and international collaboration. In order to use osteological collections reasonably and ethically, proper systemisation is essential.In Estonia, there are two research centres for zooarchaeology, where scientific collections are administered – Tallinn University and the University of Tartu. Tallinn collections comprise material mostly from the northern part of the country, plus an extensive reference collection for fish has been developed there. In Tartu, mostly material from southern Estonia is managed, together with continuously expanding reference collection of mammals and birds. To improve the gathering and management of the osteological material in Estonia and reduce the shortage for storage space, a new central repository for osteological collections (both human and animal) was established in 2019. Concurrently, a new central database for the osteological data was created.In this paper, we introduce the zooarchaeological collections and some of the latest research topics in Estonia with an aim to broaden the understanding and potential of zooarchaeology in the Baltic region.
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Börjesson, Lisa, Olle Sköld, Zanna Friberg, Daniel Löwenborg, Gísli Pálsson, and Isto Huvila. "Re-purposing Excavation Database Content as Paradata." KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/kula.221.
Анотація:
Although data reusers request information about how research data was created and curated, this information is often non-existent or only briefly covered in data descriptions. The need for such contextual information is particularly critical in fields like archaeology, where old legacy data created during different time periods and through varying methodological framings and fieldwork documentation practices retains its value as an important information source. This article explores the presence of contextual information in archaeological data with a specific focus on data provenance and processing information, i.e., paradata. The purpose of the article is to identify and explicate types of paradata in field observation documentation. The method used is an explorative close reading of field data from an archaeological excavation enriched with geographical metadata. The analysis covers technical and epistemological challenges and opportunities in paradata identification, and discusses the possibility of using identified paradata in data descriptions and for data reliability assessments. Results show that it is possible to identify both knowledge organisation paradata (KOP) relating to data structuring and knowledge-making paradata (KMP) relating to fieldwork methods and interpretative processes. However, while the data contains many traces of the research process, there is an uneven and, in some categories, low level of structure and systematicity that complicates automated metadata and paradata identification and extraction. The results show a need to broaden the understanding of how structure and systematicity are used and how they impact research data in archaeology and in comparable field sciences. The insights into how a dataset’s KOP and KMP can be read is also a methodological contribution to data literacy research and practice development. On a repository level, the results underline the need to include paradata about dataset creation, purpose, terminology, dataset internal and external relations, and eventual data colloquialisms that require explanation to reusers.
40
Pilmane, Māra. "Theatrum Anatomicum Rigense MCMXX and the historical collection of teaching and research exponates in the Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology of Riga Stradiņš University." Papers on Anthropology 30, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2021.30.1.07.
Анотація:
The Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology (AAI) of Riga Stradiņš University (RSU) displays a remarkable historical collection of educational and scientific materials on anatomy and embryology, 8381 items in total. The creation of the collection started in 2002, and nowadays it integrates 16 sub-collections: the main exhibits of P. Stradiņš’s collection; the collection of pathological exhibits from Gailezers Hospital with 542 items; the collection of the Children’s Clinical University Hospital with 21 exhibits; Anatomy Laboratory collection with 105 exhibits; Professor A. Amelin’s collection with 134 exhibits; the animal collection with 64 exhibits; the collection of embryological exhibits with 138 specimens together with 59 exhibits of the reproductive system; the bone collection from archaeological excavations in Riga with 986 exhibits; the collection of bone preparations and skulls, 4714 exhibits; V. Derums’ bone collection of 94 items. A separate collection contains 67 exhibits from the first Latvian anatomical excavations conducted under the guidance of Professor J. Prīmanis and Polish archaeological excavations of the Order of the Brothers of the Sword in St. George’s Church and the Convent yard, which includes 48 historical finds; the above is supplemented by 26 finds from anthropological material and a collection of bone specimens with 82 exhibits and a collection of skulls with 159 exhibits. A separate section at the AAI exhibition displays a collection of animal bones, which includes 58 exhibits and is used for comparative studies. Since 2003, the historical collection has been used to teach Latvians and foreigners who are interested to understand death, diseased tissues, to teach sympathy and how to protect oneself and others from diseases. The historical material is used for regular student training as well as for students’ research needs. Finally, digitization of unique exhibits, description in Latvian and English, and placing in the RSU repository has started, and, so far, 240 exhibits have been processed.
41
Turchin, Peter, Thomas E. Currie, Harvey Whitehouse, Pieter François, Kevin Feeney, Daniel Mullins, Daniel Hoyer, et al. "Quantitative historical analysis uncovers a single dimension of complexity that structures global variation in human social organization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): E144—E151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708800115.
Анотація:
Do human societies from around the world exhibit similarities in the way that they are structured, and show commonalities in the ways that they have evolved? These are long-standing questions that have proven difficult to answer. To test between competing hypotheses, we constructed a massive repository of historical and archaeological information known as “Seshat: Global History Databank.” We systematically coded data on 414 societies from 30 regions around the world spanning the last 10,000 years. We were able to capture information on 51 variables reflecting nine characteristics of human societies, such as social scale, economy, features of governance, and information systems. Our analyses revealed that these different characteristics show strong relationships with each other and that a single principal component captures around three-quarters of the observed variation. Furthermore, we found that different characteristics of social complexity are highly predictable across different world regions. These results suggest that key aspects of social organization are functionally related and do indeed coevolve in predictable ways. Our findings highlight the power of the sciences and humanities working together to rigorously test hypotheses about general rules that may have shaped human history.
42
Long, Max. "Light, Vision and Observation in Norman Nicholson’s Topographical Notes." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 96, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.96.2.7.
Анотація:
This article examines a notebook owned by the poet and topographical writer Norman Nicholson, which is held in his collection at the John Rylands Library. The notebook, entitled Topographical Notes: Morecambe Bay etc., includes detailed notes and sketches taken at numerous locations in Cumbria, many of which recur in Nicholson’s poetry and topographical texts. The article analyses Nicholson’s note-taking practices, with particular attention to sensory experience and how this was expressed by the writer. The notebook is especially valuable because no other book of its kind survives in Nicholson’s archive, and because it can be dated towards the end of a long interlude in his career as a poet. The notes can be understood as lying in the space between Nicholson’s poetry and his topographical writing: although ostensibly collecting information for Greater Lakeland (1969), Nicholson’s treatment of light and vision suggests that he was beginning to experiment with some of the themes that characterise his later poetry. The article reflects on what these notes can tell us about Nicholson’s note-taking ‘in the field’, and suggests that his habit of treating the landscape as a repository of history is akin to what Kitty Hauser has called the ‘archaeological imagination’.
43
Felicetti, Achille, and Matteo Lorenzini. "Metadata and Tools for Integration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage 3D Information." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (December 21, 2011): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.16.
Анотація:
In this paper we investigate many of the various storage, portability and interoperability issues arising among archaeologists and cultural heritage people when dealing with 3D technologies. On the one side, the available digital repositories look often unable to guarantee affordable features in the management of 3D models and their metadata; on the other side the nature of most of the available data format for 3D encoding seem to be not satisfactory for the necessary portability required nowadays by 3D information across different systems. We propose a set of possible solutions to show how integration can be achieved through the use of well known and wide accepted standards for data encoding and data storage. Using a set of 3D models acquired during various archaeological campaigns and a number of open source tools, we have implemented a straightforward encoding process to generate meaningful semantic data and metadata. We will also present the interoperability process carried out to integrate the encoded 3D models and the geographic features produced by the archaeologists. Finally we will report the preliminary (rather encouraging) development of a semantic enabled and persistent digital repository, where 3D models (but also any kind of digital data and metadata) can easily be stored, retrieved and shared with the content of other digital archives.
44
Lundberg, Joyce, and Donald A. McFarlane. "A Significant middle Pleistocene tephra deposit preserved in the caves of Mulu, Borneo." Quaternary Research 77, no. 3 (May 2012): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.01.007.
Анотація:
A distinctive white sediment in the caves of Mulu, Sarawak, Borneo is a well-preserved tephra, representing a fluvially transported surface air-fall deposit, re-deposited inside the caves. We show that the tephra is not the Younger Toba Tephra, formerly considered as most likely. The shards are rod-shaped with elongate tubular vesicles; the largest grains ~ 170 μm in length; of rhyolitic composition; and 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70426 ± 0.00001. U–Th dating of associated calcites suggest that the tephra was deposited before 125 ± 4 ka, and probably before 156 ± 2 ka. Grain size and distance from closest potential source suggests an eruption of VEI 7. Prevailing winds, grain size, thickness of deposit, location of potential sources, and Sr isotopic ratio limit the source to the Philippines. Comparisons with the literature give the best match geochemically with layer 1822 from Ku et al. (2009a), dated by ocean core stratigraphy to 189 ka. This tephra represents a rare terrestrial repository indicating a very substantial Plinian/Ultra-Plinian eruption that covered the Mulu region of Borneo with ash, a region that rarely receives tephra from even the largest known eruptions in the vicinity. It likely will be a valuable chronostratigraphic marker for sedimentary, palaeontological and archaeological studies.
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Diara, Filippo, Francesco Giuseppe Barsacchi, and Stefano de Martino. "Moving beyond the Content: 3D Scanning and Post-Processing Analysis of the Cuneiform Tablets of the Turin Collection." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2024): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114492.
Анотація:
This work and manuscript focus on how 3D scanning methodologies and post-processing analyses may help us to gain a deeper investigation of cuneiform tablets beyond the written content. The dataset proposed herein is a key part of the archaeological collection preserved in the Musei Reali of Turin in Italy; these archaeological artefacts enclose further important semantic information extractable through detailed 3D documentation and 3D model filtering. In fact, this scanning process is a fundamental tool for better reading of sealing impressions beneath the cuneiform text, as well as for understanding micrometric evidence of the fingerprints of scribes. Most of the seal impressions were made before the writing (like a watermark), and thus, they are not detectable to the naked eye due to cuneiform signs above them as well as the state of preservation. In this regard, 3D scanning and post-processing analysis could help in the analysis of these nearly invisible features impressed on tablets. For this reason, this work is also based on how 3D analyses may support the identification of the unperceived and almost invisible features concealed in clay tablets. Analysis of fingerprints and the depths of the signs can tell us about the worker’s strategies and the people beyond the artefacts. Three-dimensional models generated inside the Artec 3D ecosystem via Space Spider scanner and Artec Studio software were further investigated by applying specific filters and shaders. Digital light manipulation can reveal, through the dynamic displacement of light and shadows, particular details that can be deeply analysed with specific post-processing operations: for example, the MSII (multi-scale integral invariant) filter is a powerful tool exploited for revealing hidden and unperceived features such as fingerprints and sealing impressions (stratigraphically below cuneiform signs). Finally, the collected data will be handled twofold: in an open-access repository and through a common data environment (CDE) to aid in the data exchange process for project collaborators and common users.
46
Buiskykh, A. V. "THE EARLIEST CERAMICS FROM BORYSTHENES (on materials from V. V. Lapin’s Excavations)." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 22, 2018): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.03.04.
Анотація:
The paper examines the earliest materials from the excavations conducted by V. V. Lapin in Borysthenes (the settlement at Berezan Island). The collection is stored in the Scientific Repository, the Institute of Archaeology, the National Academy of Sciences, Ukraine. The earliest ceramic items belong mainly to oenochoes and kraters produced in Miletus. In accordance with the modern typology, these vessels belong to the group MilA Ib (after Käufler) or to the group SiA Ib (after Kerschner — Schlotzhauer) with the dating from the 650s to the very beginning of the 630s BC. Together with another famous imported vessels that were found at Borysthenes, f. e. Ionian cups of the early type and subgeometric scyphos, these vessels prove the time of its founding at the third quarter of the 7th century BC. Thus, the information by Eusebius (Euseb.Chron. can. / Helm B., 1984, p. 95b) becomes a proof on a basis of archaeological collection. Its number and quality allows speaking not about rare items, but about the import of mass materials in general. Moreover, the earliest Milesian import found at Borysthenes, permit to conclude that namely this emporion was used like a center of a transit trade with barbarian world. Milesian pottery in the earliest time-span appeared in Forest-steppe area, Eastern Taurica and Kuban estuary via Borysthenes.
47
Bembeeva, Lyubov A., та Tatiana V. Lidzhikova. "Половозрастная структура населения катакомбной культуры Сарпинской низменности (по материалам археологических раскопок на территории Республики Калмыкия)". Oriental Studies 15, № 5 (26 грудня 2022): 1077–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-63-5-1077-1093.
Анотація:
Introduction. The article introduces anthropological materials instrumental in tracing processes inherent to Middle Bronze Age Kalmykia’s population referred to as Catacomb culture. Goals. The work attempts an analysis of the age-sex structure in the Catacomb population to have inhabited the Sarpa Lowland. Materials and methods. The age-sex characteristics of the buried individuals have been identified via a comprehensive anthropological program involving traditional anthropology research techniques, documentation of stress markers revealed and physiological properties of skeletons, injuries and traumas. The study examines human skeletal remains from Catacomb burials nowadays primarily stored at the Osteological Materials Repository of Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS). Data on missing anthropological materials have been reconstructed with the aid of photographs contained in corresponding field reports. Results. The undertaken research efforts aim at characterizing the archaeological sites to have yielded the anthropological materials; outlining age-sex properties of the buried individuals; identifying and describing some pathologies, physiological stress markers and traumas; comparing the paleopopulation to that of Middle Bronze Age Dagestan (neighboring region) for similarities and differences on certain demographic parameters. The insights into the newly introduced materials make it possible to trace processes of population formation across the Volga-Manych steppe in the Middle Bronze Age. The study is the first to use anthropological materials from Kalmykia’s excavations stored at Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS) as object of paleodemographic research, and introduces new data into scientific discourse.
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Trivedi, Bimal. "COINAGE OF THE INDO-GREEKS CHALLENGES OF THE ANCIENTS AND THE SOLUTIONS IN THE MODERN WORLD." Ukrainian Numismatic Annual, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2021-5-93-104.
Анотація:
When Alexander had to leave his conquest of India midway, some of his generals stayed back to rule the conquered north-west India the part which was known as Bactria. These Kings and generals held sway and minted their coins with pure Hellenistic motifs, scripts/legends, and styles. By the middle of the 2nd century BCE, by the inclusion of the Indian script Kharoshthi, Indian elements started appearing and became mainstream. Not only the legend but the weight standard was changed and the Indian standard was adopted. This was the most important change. Problems: The vast sum of Indo-Greek coinage has been unearthed so far but had remained under-studied for more than one reason. As it remains, the problem areas have remained unaddressed and unanswered. This has mainly happened due to the study of coinage in isolation far away from the find spots and devoid of stratigraphy and ignoring local knowledge of the subject. This situation has been aggravated by political turmoil and insulating archaeological finds and records by limiting the access combined with poor local scholarly work or absence of scientific approach due to poor economic conditions and access to modern methods and technology to approach, enhance, and understand the historically very important Indo-Greek coinage. Unfortunately, Indo-Greek coinage study is clubbed with Hellenistic outlook and mostly aggravated by vogue historicity. Scope of Study: This paper highlights challenges in studying Indo-Greek coinage and other factors that have not been addressed and difficulties in the way of scholarly pursuit. A modern tech-driven approach is recommended for addressing the challenges. Scientific Evaluation: A more technology-driven approach to study the Indo- Greek coinage will unravel the mysteries and remove the historical blind spots. Exclusively treating the subject of Indo-Greek coinage and thus providing recognition it deserves as unique, de-bracketed from Hellenistic coinage. Conclusions: The modern technology-driven data management scientifically adopted archaeological exploration and excavation paired with the latest Information Technology tools including the use of social media platforms can be networked effectively to build up a fresh modern repository of findings that will help historians, archaeologists, scholars, students, and numismatists/collectors.
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Badalini, Juri, Luca Valisi, Davide del Curto, Marco Cofani, Verena Frignani, Angelo Landi, and Tomaso Cavalli. "Una storia utile. Il Palazzo del Podestŕ di Mantova." TERRITORIO, no. 47 (February 2009): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2008-047009.
Анотація:
- The ancient municipal palaces of mediaeval origin define the structure and image of the city centre of Mantua where they deserve better treatment after being progressively abandoned during the course of the 20th Century. The city administration, in co-operation with the conservation authority, started a programme in 2006 for the integrated restoration of more than 200 interiors in the Palace of Podestŕ and it gave the university the task of organising a project to acquire information on these buildings and help identify potential new uses. The paper presents a summary of the studies on the palace, surveys, diagnostic investigations and historical and archive research started more than a decade ago by the late Arturo Sandrini, designed to document and restore this complex which is a true and genuine repository of historical and archaeological information in the heart of the city. Behind the veil of the façades, recomposed after 1461 by Giovan Antonio d'Arezzo and repaired during restoration work in the last century, lies a dense stratification of continuous modifications, at times stately and at times humble, a background against which the still valuable mediaeval fragments stand out. The results include the identification of the many construction and distributive details, the fruit of difficult construction work over many centuries, and the characterisation of the conservation and restoration constraints which the final design will have to work with in a delicate balance between the requirements of conservation and those of public use.
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Ibáñez, Juan José, David Ortega, Daniel Campos, Lamya Khalidi, and Vicenç Méndez. "Testing complex networks of interaction at the onset of the Near Eastern Neolithic using modelling of obsidian exchange." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 107 (June 2015): 20150210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0210.
Анотація:
In this paper, we explore the conditions that led to the origins and development of the Near Eastern Neolithic using mathematical modelling of obsidian exchange. The analysis presented expands on previous research, which established that the down-the-line model could not explain long-distance obsidian distribution across the Near East during this period. Drawing from outcomes of new simulations and their comparison with archaeological data, we provide results that illuminate the presence of complex networks of interaction among the earliest farming societies. We explore a network prototype of obsidian exchange with distant links which replicates the long-distance movement of ideas, goods and people during the Early Neolithic. Our results support the idea that during the first (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A) and second (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) phases of the Early Neolithic, the complexity of obsidian exchange networks gradually increased. We propose then a refined model (the optimized distant link model) whereby long-distance exchange was largely operated by certain interconnected villages, resulting in the appearance of a relatively homogeneous Neolithic cultural sphere. We hypothesize that the appearance of complex interaction and exchange networks reduced risks of isolation caused by restricted mobility as groups settled and argue that these networks partially triggered and were crucial for the success of the Neolithic Revolution. Communities became highly dynamic through the sharing of experiences and objects, while the networks that developed acted as a repository of innovations, limiting the risk of involution.