Дисертації з теми "Arbres en ville"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-20 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Arbres en ville".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
BLANDET, PIERSON ISABELLE. "Le releve des vieux arbres de la ville de nancy." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN1P071.
Повний текст джерелаSchuehmacher, Laurent. "Les espèces ligneuses plantées à Paris depuis les travaux d'Haussmann : nomenclature et origine géographique, étude des plantations d'alignement du 10e arrondt." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P144.
Повний текст джерелаMaison, Alice. "Modélisation des impacts des arbres sur la qualité de l’air de l’échelle de la rue à la ville." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0034.
Повний текст джерелаTrees provide numerous ecosystem services in cities, helping to reduce some of the consequences of urbanization, such as the urban heat island and water run-off. Their thermo-radiative effect improves thermal comfort.Trees can also have an impact on urban air quality through various processes. The deposition of gaseous and particulate pollutants on tree leaves can help to reduce concentrations. However, the aerodynamic effect of trees modifies the airflow in street canyons and limits the dispersion of pollutants emitted in the street. Trees also emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which can contribute to the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosols. BVOC emissions vary depending on the tree species, and are influenced by climatic factors (temperature, radiation) and by the tree water status.The objective of this thesis is to quantify the impacts of these different processes on urban air quality. Numerical simulations are performed over the city of Paris during summer 2022 using the CHIMERE/MUNICH model chain in order to quantify the impact of trees on atmospheric concentrations of pollutants at the local and regional scales. The simulated concentrations are compared to measurements.Urban trees are not generally taken into account in air quality models, either at regional or street level. In order to integrate BVOC emissions into the CHIMERE regional model, an inventory is developed using the tree database of the city of Paris. A method is set up to estimate the characteristics of the trees, which are used as input data for the various models (leaf area, dry biomass, crown size, etc.). On average over the months of June and July 2022 in Paris, local biogenic emissions from trees lead to an increase of 1.0% in O3, 4.6% in organic PM1 and 0.6% in PM2.5. Biogenic emissions from urban trees strongly increase concentrations of isoprene and monoterpenes. Compared with measurements, terpene concentrations tend to be underestimated, given the uncertainties associated with emission factors and the missing part of the vegetation in the inventory. Terpene emissions from urban and suburban vegetation greatly influence the formation of organic particles, it is therefore important to characterize them properly in air quality models.The various effects of urban trees on air quality at street level are then added into the MUNICH street network model. The aerodynamic effect of street trees is parameterized using computational fluid dynamics simulations. It leads to an increase in the concentrations of compounds emitted into the street. This increase can reach +37% for NO2 in streets with a large leaf surface and high traffic. Deposition on tree leaves is computed using a resistive approach adapted to the scale of the tree in the street. However, its impact on concentrations remains limited for the gases and particles studied (< -3%).Finally, a coupling between the TEB (urban surface model), SPAC (soil-plant-atmosphere continuum model) and MUNICH models is developed. This coupling provides a better representation of the impacts of the urban micro-climate heterogeneities and of the thermo-radiative effect of trees on gas and particle concentrations. The effects of the micro-climate and of the tree water stress on BVOC emissions are also taken into account in order to refine the calculation of emissions
Ricaud, Sophie. "Recherche sur la physiologie des bourgeons latents des arbres : étude chez platanus acerifolia willd : contribution à l'étude de la physiologie de l'arbre en ville." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10144.
Повний текст джерелаSelmi, Wissal. "Services écosystémiques rendus par la végétation urbaine : application d'approches d'évaluation à la ville de Strasbourg." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work provides two assessment tools based on both ecocentric and anthropogenic approaches. We argued that these approaches are complementary and they lead not only to understand ecological functions of urban green spaces but also to quantify ecosystem services provided to society. Based on bottom up approach, two urban habitats were assessed : lawns and urban forest. Due to the lack of knowledge about ecological functions of urban lawns, it was required to implement a monitoring protocol that helps to provide a baseline and measure the changes of flora composition and structure across urban green spaces. Although monitoring protocol had some limitations, it intended to highlight the response of lawn flora to environmental patterns and to particular human activities such as management techniques and trampling. Urban forest was assessed by quantifying it structure and some ecosystem services and desservices using i-Tree model Eco. Based on biophysical indicators, the model quantify the total carbon stored and the annually carbon sequestered, the annually amount of pollution removal, and the annually amount of biogenic emissions by trees. Although some uncertainty remains about the application of this model, it was shown that urban trees improve local air quality. However, to alleviate air pollution within urban area, planting and managing trees should be associated with an integrative planning strategy that takes into account other factors. Our study also incorporates operational items, so we have tried to provide some guidance to planners and green spaces managers with reference to our assessment results
Alsayed, Mahmoud. "Commerce et transformation des produits d’arbres et d’arbustes (bois, fruits frais et secs, racines, rameaux, feuilles, fleurs, graines, farine, poudre, parfum, encens, vin et huile) pour l’architecture, l’économie, la médecine, le culte et la magie à Ougarit et dans les royaumes et les empires environnants et au Bronze récent, d’après les données des sciences naturelles, des sources archéologiques et épigraphiques." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040285.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of our dissertation is the trade and use of various products derived from trees and shrubs in the Kingdom of Ugarit, located on the coast of Syria and whose written documentation informs us about the Late Bronze Age, mainly fourteenth and thirteenth centuries BC. The kingdom is well known thanks to the thousands of tablets found in the last 82 years on the site of Ras Shamra and more recently that of Ras Ibn Hani. These tablets are written overwhelmingly in two languages and two systems of cuneiform writing: first, the local language, called “Ugaritic”, noted in an alphabetic system, on the other hand, the Babylonian Akkadian, noted by a logo-syllabic script. Situated between the coast and mountains, this kingdom was located between two major regions suppliers of timber in the most remote antiquity, as evidenced by Egyptian and Mesopotamian literature and the Bible, the Lebanese mountains and the Amanus mountain. The place is thus particularly important for this topic. Following an overview of geographical, demographic, linguistic, historical and economic on the kingdom of Ugarit, we studied successively ebony, pine and fir, cedar, juniper, cypress, boxwood, ¶Rgz, palm-tree, olive-tree, ñlmg-wood and vineyard, the vine and its products .We started each chapter with a botanical and linguistical identification. We tried to locate what were the areas that were the main sources of these natural resources. Then, we established a historical overview on the trade in products from trees and transportation. We tried to clarify their nature, quantity, quality, weight and price in Ugarit and outside. Finally, we examined the various uses and their role in craft, medicine, religion and magic. In doing so, we could also approach the symbolic value of these trees and woods
Grosfils, Matthieu. "Les espèces ligneuses plantées à Paris depuis les travaux d'Haussmann : nomenclature et origine géographique. Etude des plantations d'alignement du IIe arrondissement." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P169.
Повний текст джерелаSaurat, Jessica. "L'arbre et le droit." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD038/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe tree is a special legal object because of its importance to the environment, the economy and the quality of life. It is therefore at the crossroads of various rights : environmental, forestry, rural, town planning, civil, tax, european and international laws. Thus, it is apprehended according to its place of situation but also the quality of its owner (private person or public person).While it is recognized as belonging to the common heritage of the nation, the possibilities of protection offered by the rights which are applicable in France generally lack efficiency and realism. To overcome this situation, it is envisaged to link the belonging of the tree to the common heritage of the Nation with binding legal consequences and thus confer on it a status that transcends property rights and the different areas of law
Leclerc, Juliette. "Les espèces ligneuses plantées à Paris depuis les travaux d'Haussmann : nomenclature et origine géographique, étude des plantations d'alignement du XIè arrondissement." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P223.
Повний текст джерелаBennour, Myriam. "La patrimonialisation des arbres urbains : le cas de Tunis." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0079.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is part of a geographical and anthropological field. It analyzes historic and contemporary relationships between Tunisians and trees in the city. Taking as a case study the city of Tunis, it aims to show that there is, from the beginning of colonization, among Tunisians a complex process of appropriation but also rejection of trees depending on their public or private location, and their personal history.Multiple values are indeed associated with trees. Analysis of the interviews shows that these values are based primarily on individual memory, family practices and social memory. Before colonization, the Medina had few trees in public space because the spatial organization drew its roots from the traditional settlement pattern, which did little or no appeal to trees in private patios. In addition, the traditional urban law did not use trees in public space. Upon initiation of the French Protectorate, the capital has been extended beyond the walls with the city called European. Large avenues and streets were lined up with rows of trees. New species were then widely introduced and disseminated, modeled on the French cities of that time.After independence, the capital swelled by the spread of rural migration, wealthy Tunisians lived in new neighborhoods that combined European style and Tunisian traditions (especially in the north). Rural Tunisians in search of a better life have occupied smaller areas (west and south). The capital has become a socially heterogeneous space marked by abundance and different types of trees in public and private spaces of the various neighborhoods.This thesis is a first step in the interpretation of urban living from recent history, marked by the functional, symbolic and aesthetic uses of trees. It shows that today the trees in Tunis are or become social, individual and collective markers that define different types of heritage; private, collective and public. This heritage process is not necessarily tied to an institutional setting
Lafontaine-Messier, Mariève. "Potentiel de l’utilisation des arbres nourriciers à des fins de production alimentaire au sein de parcs publics urbains à Villa El Salvador, au Pérou." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30503/30503.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAll over the world, urban growth tends to go in hand with an exacerbation of environmental problems and aggravated social inequalities. To fight against that phenomenon, new strategies fostering the sustainable development of cities must be implemented. This thesis addresses the innovative concept of food trees, planted in productive systems within local public green areas in Villa El Salvador, Peru. Focus groups and semi-directed interviews conducted with the local population allowed to identify the most important favorable and restrictive factors influencing the development of this urban food production strategy. The financial performance was evaluated for two designs of productive tree systems through the calculation of the Net Present Value (NPV), the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and the Equivalent Annual Cash Flow (EACF). Results provide evidence advocating the social and economic relevancy of integrating food trees within urban public green areas.
Wania, Annett Weber Christiane. "Urban vegetation detection and function evaluation for air quality assessment /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/913/01/WANIA_Annett_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAntonsson, Denise, and Maria Johansson. "Hur vill nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor arbeta? : En kvalitativ studie av den idealiska arbetssituationen." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39463.
Повний текст джерелаRankovic, Aleksandar. "Living the street life : long-term carbon and nitrogen dynamics in parisian soil-tree systems." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066728/document.
Повний текст джерелаUrban areas impose multiple and intense environmental changes on the ecosystems they contain or that surround them, and the ecosystem responses to urban environments are still poorly known, even on fundamental ecosystem processes such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. The dynamics of urban ecosystems, especially on the long-term, have received little attention. The present work uses a 75-year chronosequence of street soil-tree systems (plantations of Tilia tomentosa Moench) in Paris, France, as its main case study to detect long-term patterns in urban C and N cycling and infer potential underlying mechanisms. This thesis describes age-related patterns of C and N accumulation in soils, and we hypothesize that tree root-derived C and deposited N from the atmosphere and animal waste accumulate in soils. Then, an analysis of soil particle-size fractions further points towards a recent accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM), and 13C and 15N analysis suggests that tree roots are a major contributor to the increase of SOM content and N retention. Potential nitrification and denitrification rates increase with street system age, which seems driven by an increase in ammonia-oxidising bacteria. The long-term dynamics of C seem characterized by increasing belowground inputs coupled with root-C stabilization mechanisms. For N, the losses are likely compensated by exogenous inputs, part of which is retained in plant biomass (roots) and SOM.These results are then discussed in light of results obtained on Parisian black locust systems (Robinia pseudoacacia Linnæus), as well as other data, and management recommendations are proposed
Cassagne, Bernard. "Le problème du bois de feu dans les villes d'Afrique tropicale : le cas de Bangui (RCA)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20210.
Повний текст джерелаEude, Marie. "Du droit de l'arbre. Pour une protection fonctionnelle." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10037.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes to rethink the legal protection of trees in order to achieve the climate change objectives enshrined in various codes. Trees appear to be an essential tool in their realisation, yet the mere protection of their economic function does not make it possible to embark on this path. We therefore believe it is essential to rethink existing protection in order, on the one hand, to refocus it on the tree's ecological and social functions and, on the other hand, to unify the protection regime attached to each of these functions. This involves defining the tree and the forest, redefining property as inherited from the French Revolution, and the requalification of the tree. Also, the absolute nature of the right of ownership must be limited by the realisation of the tree's purpose as a natural good (ecological function) or a cultural good (social function). This work on the protection of the tree's ecological and social functions also leads us to consider the hypothesis of its personification, a hypothesis which we discard at the end of this study
Wania, Annett. "Urban vegetation : detection and function evaluation for air quality assessment." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/WANIA_Annett_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRedon, Emilie. "Modélisation de la végétation urbaine comme régulateur thermique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30240/document.
Повний текст джерелаVegetation influences the urban climate, from road to city scale. Street trees implementation is an alternative technic to reduce the urban heat island and to improve the thermal comfort. They modify the radiative and energetic balances by intercepting and absorbing a part of the solar radiation, provide shade, increase the humidity with evapotranspiration, and alter the air flow in the urban canyons. The TEB model is one the rare urban climate models taking into account vegetation. It integrates parameterizations dedicated to low vegetation and green roofs. It can represent the small-scale interactions between mineral surfaces, vegetation and the atmosphere. During this PhD thesis, a parameterization has been developed to model the radiative, energetic and dynamical effects of street and garden trees in urban spaces. An explicit tree canopy has been integrated into the urban canyon, above gardens but also streets. The ISBA vegetation scheme has been used, and included in TEB, to represent these vegetated entities (both low and high strata). The radiative computations of the TEB model have been improved in order to represent the shading and attenuation of radiation due to trees, as well as all the infra-red interactions between the urban elements. An evaluation of the radiative budget has been done thanks to a comparison with the high- resolution architectural model SOLENE, using numerous different urban canyons with several layouts of tree canopies. Then, the energy fluxes computed by ISBA have been dis- aggregated between contributions from high and low vegetation. Fluxes allocated to the trees have been redistributed on the vertical in order to alter the microclimate at realistic height, i.e. respecting the position of the tree crown. A specific drag force of trees on the airflow is simulated. An evaluation has been done on a real experimental site in a canyon-like courtyard with trees where several microclimatic data were collected. The results show an impressive improvement of the surface temperatures of walls and ground, air temperature and wind speed. In the future, these implementations will allow to simulate more realistically several adaptation strategies using greening at city scale, and to evaluate their efficiency in terms of urban heat island mitigation, improvement of human comfort and building energy consumption
Al-Wajeeh, Taha. "Efficient radio channel modeling for urban wireless sensors networks." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2314.
Повний текст джерелаModeling the radio channel in an accurate way is a key element of any wireless systems. Deterministic models offer a good degree of precision at the cost of high computational complexity, which is prohibitive for wireless sensor network (WSN) simulators because they involve many sensor nodes in a city-wide scale. Within this context, the objective of this thesis is to propose efficient, fast, and accurate deterministic methods for modeling electromagnetic waves by finding the best time-accuracy trade-offs that guarantee accuracy under tight time constraints. The study was first subdivided into two modes according to the dominant propagation mechanism. In microcell configurations, the proposed approach is a ray-tracing model based on the visibility technique. It adopts a set of acceleration techniques to reduce the complexity with a minimal loss of precision. With the same objective, the vertical propagation was addressed to include the most significant contributions. Finally, these models were integrated into a WSN simulator to provide realistic and accurate results for smart city applications. The importance of using accurate models in WSN simulators is illustrated in terms of some network parameters
Fournier, Jonathan. "Exploitation de données tridimensionnelles pour la cartographie et l'exploration autonome d'environnements urbains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24421/24421.pdf.
Повний текст джерела