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Статті в журналах з теми "Arbitrato. Prova civile"
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Astakhova, Daria O. "THE ROLE OF THE DELOCALISATION THEORY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRENCH LEGISLATION ON INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 40 (2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/40/11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The notion of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration has recently drawn increasing attention from Russian and foreign scholars. The main problematic of scientific discussions relates to the question of how closely international commercial arbitration is related to the legal order of the seat of arbitration. The emergence and development of the theory of delocalisation of international commer-cial arbitration is inextricably linked to the French legal science. French scientists stand at the origins of this theory. Besides, French law and jurisprudence have been significantly influenced by the theory of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration. The following provi-sions of the French legislation provide the most significant examples. First, article 1511 of the French code of civil procedure constitutes a basis for the use by arbitrators of the method of direct choice of law (“voie directe”). This implies that arbitrators do not have to apply any conflict of laws rules. Therefore, French law provides for a broad autonomy of arbitrators in the choice of law, while at the same time reducing the link between arbitration and national law, including the French law. French law is thus in perfect harmony with the concept of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration. Second, it is worth mentioning that the French code of civil procedure contains a limited number of grounds for refusal of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. This particularity permits to ensure the highest efficiency of international commercial arbitration, to maintain an arbitration friendly approach at the stage of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, as well as to recognise and enforce arbitral awards that have been set aside at the seat of arbitration. This corresponds to the idea of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration. Third, the influence of the delocalisation theory on the French legislation is also reflected in the scope of international competence of the French supporting judge, who can act in cases where one of the parties incurs the risk of denial of justice. This means that the French sup-porting judge is entitled, for example, to nominate an arbitrator if one of the parties fails to do so, even if the dispute does not have any objective links to France. The features of the French legislation on international commercial arbitration examined above prove that it is impacted by the theory of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration. The recognition in legal science, law and court practice of the autonomy of inter-national commercial arbitration from national legal orders contributes to the growth of attrac-tiveness of Paris as a place of cross-border dispute resolution.
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Dias, Feliciano Alcides, and Natacha Juli Georg. "A PRODUÇÃO DE PROVAS NA ARBITRAGEM BRASILEIRA." Ponto de Vista Jurídico 7, no. 1 (August 9, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.33362/juridico.v7i1.1650.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p class="resumo">Esta pesquisa tem a finalidade de analisar a produção de provas no processo arbitral, de acordo com as disposições do Código de Processo Civil brasileiro, a partir da escolha pelas partes na instituição da arbitragem. Para tanto, a produção das provas cíveis é abordada, através do método dedutivo e acervo bibliográfico, na legislação processual brasileira para posterior compreensão do cabimento destas perante o juízo arbitral, cuja busca pela verdade real passa a ter maior concretude diante da vontade das partes. Em comparação com o processo judicial, investiga-se a celeridade do procedimento probatório e as implicações na produção das provas cíveis perante a arbitragem brasileira e o funcionamento do processo arbitral. Verifica-se a possibilidade de que testemunhas técnicas imitam opinião sobre determinado assunto, baseado nos conhecimentos técnicos especializados antes da audiência de instrução no juízo arbitral, com a finalidade de reduzir o tempo, os custos do processo e também afastar eventuais surpresas no julgamento do conflito.</p><p class="resumo"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Arbitragem. Produção de Provas. Código de Processo Civil. Resolução dos Conflitos.</p><h3>THE PRODUCTION OF EVIDENCE IN BRAZILIAN ARBITRATION</h3><div><p class="abstractCxSpFirst"><strong>Abstract: </strong>This research has the purpose of analyzing the production of evidence in the arbitration process, in accordance with the provisions of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, based on the choice by the parties in the arbitration institution. In order to do so, the production of civil evidence is approached, through the deductive method and bibliographic collection, in the Brazilian procedural law for later understanding of the arbitration court's jurisdiction, whose search for the real truth becomes more concrete in the face of the will of the parties. In comparison with the judicial process, the speed of the probative procedure and the implications in the production of the civil evidence before the Brazilian arbitration and the operation of the arbitration process are investigated. There is a possibility that technical witnesses imitate an opinion on a particular matter, based on specialized technical knowledge prior to the arbitration hearing, in order to reduce the time, costs of the process and also to avoid any surprises in the trial of the conflict.</p><p class="abstractCxSpLast"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Arbitration. Production of Evidence. Code of Civil Procedure. Conflict Resolution.</p></div>
3
Ghorbanpur, Amir Mehdi, and Sara Khakestarian. "The Similarities and Differences between the Arbitration and Judgement Verdicts in Iran’s Laws." Review of European Studies 9, no. 1 (February 21, 2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n1p261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main purpose of current research is to determine the similarities and differences between the arbitration and judgement verdicts in Iran’s laws. The results of current research indicate that there are many differences and similarities in the arbitration and judgement field in Iran’s laws. General similarities, attributes of judge and arbitrator from religious jurisprudence’s view, verdicts in Iran’s internal laws, investigation with reasons, and final sentence in the arbitration and judgement verdicts can be mentioned as some of these similarities. Also about the differences, some cases like: observance of the principles and adducing to the legal articles at the time of composing the verdict, observance of the formalities and judgement provisions in issuance of verdict, verdicts in terms of requesting for the revision, ability to appeal to the Supreme Court, rehabilitation, jurisdiction, protestation, issuance of verdict by judges and arbitrators, procedural conditions in composing the verdict, regard to recite the verdict in terms of being revisable or non-revisable, third-party entry ability, attracting the third-party, features of verdicts in terms of the ability to prove, possibility to issue the request for garnishee and temporary commandment, correction of verdict, the features of verdicts in terms of the res judicata, competence for issuance of reformatory report, competence for issuance of preliminary (interlocutory) decree, moratorium for objecting about the verdict, the third-party’s ability to object about the verdict, having the relative effect, changing the verdict (judge exemption, arbitrator exemption), communication of verdict, the manner of judgement investigation with courts, investigation dependent on provisions of civil judgement rules, investigation dependent on judgement principles (correspondence principle, observance of the defense right of parties), competence for investigation of the legal affairs, start to investigate, the investigation range, the investigation place, being overt or non-overt, investigation and transmission to the another person, difference between arbitration and judgement in the religious jurisprudence and judge and arbitrator positions from the religious jurisprudence are some results obtained at current research.
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Vujisić, Dragan, and Milan Rapajić. "Forms of consumer protection." Pravo i privreda 59, no. 3 (2021): 227–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2103227v.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors point to the plurality of forms of consumer protection. Private law form of consumer protection is individual protection in civil proceedings. The protection of the collective interests of consumers in most European legal systems is achieved through litigation. The Consumer Protection Act entrusts the protection of the collective interests of consumers to administrative bodies, which is realized in administrative proceedings, whose rules are characterized by considerable differences in relation to the rules provided by the Law on General Administrative Procedure. A significant unit is dedicated to the mechanism of alternative dispute resolution, especially arbitration and mediation. The shortcomings of the Law on Consumer Protection regarding certain contradictory provisions are pointed out. The legislator stimulates alternative dispute resolution, and on the other hand stipulates that contracting one of these methods does not affect the right to judicial protection. The paper also analyses the inspection.
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Prytyka, Yu, and D. Prytyka. "NEWLY REFORMED PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARBITRATION AWARDS REVIEW AND INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION AWARDS APPEAL IN CIVIL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 110 (2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2019/3.110-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article deals with the novelties of the reformed procedural legislation of Ukraine on appealing the decision of arbitration court and international commercial arbitration, as well as on new approaches to determining the legal nature of the proceedings in cases of appealing arbitration awards. At the same time, this study shows that the specific practical problems of a unified approach to terminology absence, in particular, "appeal" by arbitral tribunal or "challenge" by international commercial arbitration, still remain. In this article the problems of determining the objects of appeal and the expansion of the range of subjects of appeal against the decisions of arbitral tribunals, as well as the disputable issues, determining the jurisdiction of this category of cases are also considered. Special attention is paid to the examining the procedure for reviewing applications for annulment of decisions of the arbitral tribunal and international commercial arbitration, in particular the initial stage of production, time limits for challenging the arbitration award. Taking this into account, authors identify the ways to resolve the abovementioned practical problems, as well as the prospects for further reform of the judicial review institution over the enforcement of arbitral tribunals and international commercial arbitration decisions. In conclusion, authors prove, that the activity of national courts does not include the revision of the decisions of arbitration courts and international commercial arbitrations, since national courts do not check the legality and validity of the decisions; they do not review the substantive decision. In this case we consider a special mechanism for the control over the abuse of arbitrators' powers granted to them by law and by the parties to the arbitration agreement during the dispute resolution.The purpose of an appeal is to provide the interested party with the opportunity to apply limited judicial review of the arbitral award.
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Lee, João Bosco. "Parecer Sobre Homologação de Sentença Arbitral Estrangeira no Brasil. Inadmissibilidade da Prova como Fundamento para Denegação da Homologação da Sentença Estra." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 11, Issue 44 (December 1, 2014): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2014052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT: The present legal opinion analyzes matters presented in the matter of the claim seeking recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards filed before the Superior Court of Justice by one of the Consultants. The following issues were analyzed: whether the non-acceptance by the arbitral tribunal of electronic correspondence exchanged between the Claimant in the recognition and enforcement claim and the lawyers that represented it would have violated the principles of due process and equality, in violation to article V (I) (b) of the New York Convention (1); whether the decision determining the indemnification of the Respondent in the ICC arbitration proceedings in which the arbitral award object of recognition and enforcement was rendered would have been rendered outside the scope of the arbitration agreement, thus in violation to the provisions of article 38, IV of the Brazilian Arbitration Law and article V(I)(d) of the New York Convention (2); whether the incorrect application of article 944 of the Brazilian Civil Code would allow the Superior Court of Justice to refuse the recognition and enforcement of the foreign arbitral awards (3); and, finally, whether there is legal basis in the rules of the New York Convention for the court to deny exequatur to the ICC arbitral awards (4).
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Yuniar, Vania Shafira, and Florentiana Yuwono. "The Comparison Of Arbitration Dispute Resolution Process Between Indonesian National Arbitration Board (BANI) And London Court Of International Arbitration (LCIA)." Journal of Private and Commercial Law 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpcl.v6i1.30265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arbitration is a way of resolving a civil dispute outside the general court based on an arbitration agreement made in writing by the disputing parties. Each country has a different settlement process. In Indonesia arbitration is based on Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. The Indonesian National Arbitration Board (BANI) is an agency established by the Indonesian government for law enforcement in Indonesia in resolving disputes or differences of opinion that occur in various trade, industrial and financial sectors. Likewise in Indonesia, in England there is also an Arbitration Board called LCIA which is one of the oldest arbitration institutions in the world and has resolved 303 cases annually. This agency acts autonomously and independently in upholding law and justice. The purpose of this research is to determine the differences in the dispute resolution process through arbitration in Indonesia and the UK. The research method used in this article is normative legal research and through a literature study approach with secondary assessment of legal materials and juridical data analysis. The results prove that the process and procedures for dispute resolution at the LCIA institution are different from the BANI institution in the process and procedures. as well as the legal basis used in resolving the parties' business disputes.
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Magomedova, K. K. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE CIVIL PROCEDURAL FORM." Law Нerald of Dagestan State University 38, no. 2 (2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2021-38-2-81-85.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article investigates some aspects of the civil law concept of procedural form and her properties. We prove that the category " civil procedural form" covers a side of the civil (arbitration) process, and the administrative proceedings regulated by the Code of the Russian Federation. The problem of insufficient awareness of citizens about the activities of the judicial system today has not lost its relevance. Ensuring of maximum openness and transparency of justice is one of the main directions for the further development of the judicial system. In the article, the author proposed to interpret the transparency of justice as a property of the procedural form. The idea of transparency of justice as an element of the international standard of a fair judicial procedure is not objectified in the independent principle of procedural law, the implementation of the idea is provided by the system of judicial and legal principles of civil procedural law.
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Osama Ismail Mohammad Amayreh, Izura Masdina Mohamed Zakri, Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani, and Yousef Mohammad Shandi. "A NEW ROLE OF CAUSATION THEORY TOWARDS ACHIEVING ECONOMIC CONTRACTUAL EQUILIBRIUM: ANNULLING THE ARBITRARY CONTRACTUAL CONDITIONS." IIUM Law Journal 29, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v29i1.481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The phrase “who says contractual, says justice” (qui dit contractuel dit juste) does not fully express the truth of present reality, where the phrase itself falls into doubt, since a contract does not always result in fair obligations. In this regard, the French judiciary realized that the absence of justice in a contract might arise as a result of the contractual freedom afforded to the contracting parties. Thus, the idea of Commutative Justice in the contract was developed, such as, the Chronopost’s decision which is considered one of its most important applications. However, the equivalence of rights and obligations in the Palestinian Draft Civil Code only exists in a virtual form, without any content that actually contributes to the achievement of the equivalence between rights and obligations in contracts. This article seeks to prove that the provisions of the causation theory in the Palestinian Draft Civil Code can be used as an effective means for achieving contractual justice between the contracting parties, in order to maintain economic contractual equilibrium of the contract. To do so, the function of the causation theory should be analysed in a comparative analytical approach with the Chronopost’s decision to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies. It will also show the need for adopting the French judicial approach, which will establish a general rule that any arbitrary clause that contravenes the essential obligation of the contract is considered to be unwritten, regardless of the nature or the subject matter of the contract.
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Widyantara Putra, I. Ketut, and Kadek Agus Sudiarawan. "MEKANISME PENENTUAN GANTI RUGI ATAS KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP OLEH PERUSAHAAN: PENDEKATAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KEPERDATAAN." Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 10 (November 5, 2020): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ks.2020.v08.i10.p14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Penulisan artikel jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana model penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan hidup melalui jalur keperdataan dan untuk mengetahui mekanisme dan pengaturan mengenai penentuan ganti rugi atas kerugian yang dialami dalam sengketa lingkungan hidup. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian hukum ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menerapkan teknik deskripsi analisis yang menjawab permasalahan berdasarkan analisis bahan hukum serta perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, terdapat 2 model penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan hidup melalui jalur keperdataan yang dapat ditempuh, yaitu jalur litigasi dan jalur non-litigasi. Pada penyelesaian sengketa melalui jalur litigasi, dalam mengajukan gugatan dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa model gugatan, yaitu Gugatan Perorangan, Gugatan Perwakilan Kelompok, dan Gugatan Organisasi Lingkungan Hidup. Sedangkan, pada jalur non-litigasi dapat dilakukan dengan cara negosiasi, mediasi, konsiliasi, dan arbitrase. Mengenai mekanisme dan pengaturan penentuan ganti rugi atas kerugian yang dialami dalam sengketa lingkungan hidup diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009, dimana pertanggung jawaban terhadap kerusakan lingkungan hidup dipertanggung jawabkan melalui tanggung jawab mutlak terhadap kerugian yang telah terjadi. Tanggung jawab mutlak ini, pihak penggugat tidak perlu membuktikan unsur kesalahan serta dapat dibarengi dengan ketentuan beban pembuktian terbalik. Mengenai pedoman penghitungan kerugian lingkungan hidup akibat kerusakan lingkungan hidup diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup RI No. 7 Tahun 2014.
Writing this journal article aims to find out how to model environmental dispute resolution through civil channels and to find out the mechanisms and arrangements regarding the determination of compensation for losses experienced in environmental disputes. The method used in this legal research is the method of normative legal research, by applying the analysis description technique that answers problems based on the analysis of legal and statutory materials. The results showed that, there are 2 models of environmental dispute resolution through civil channels that can be taken, namely the litigation route and the non-litigation route. In dispute resolution through litigation, filing a lawsuit can be done through several lawsuit models, namely Individual Lawsuit, Class Representative Lawsuit, and Environmental Organization Lawsuit. Meanwhile, the non-litigation route can be carried out by means of negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration. Regarding the mechanism and arrangement for determining compensation for losses suffered in environmental disputes is regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009, where responsibility for environmental damage is accounted for through absolute responsibility for the losses that have occurred. This absolute responsibility, the plaintiff does not need to prove the element of error and can be accompanied by the provision of a reverse burden of proof. Regarding the guidelines for calculating environmental losses due to environmental damage, it is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 7 of 2014.
Дисертації з теми "Arbitrato. Prova civile"
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Mengali, Andrea. "I principi e la disciplina delle prove nell'arbitrato." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author analyzes the main principles of arbitration and evidence, trying to answer the question if arbitrators are or not bound by formal rules of evidence, written for the
ordinary procedure, if the parties does not provide they are bound by civil procedure rules, as they can do in force of art. 816 bis c.p.c.. Then, the second question is, in case arbitrators are bound by law or by a parties’ choice, if these rules are or not compatible with arbitration. For doing that, the author analyzes preliminarily if civil procedure rules represents a default regulation for arbitration, concluding they are not. Then he shows how, also if civil procedure rules are not a default regulation, parties and arbitrators are bound by public order rules.
So the author analyzes the relationship between evidence law and public order rules (chap. 2), in particular describing this link regarding the right of defence and the judge’s duty of impartiality. Connected to this last principle is the rule providing that the judge cannot use his personal knowledge to decide the case. The conclusion for the appurtenance to the public order of the process regards also the burden of proof, in the limits described and the relevancy of the proof. The last chapter regards the direct analysis of the described principles and the other
main Italian rules of evidence in arbitration, with the conclusion that, also considering the comparison with the American legal system, except for the described primarily
principles, Italian arbitrators, like American ones, are not bound by formal rules of evidence. The author also take note of the doctrine and of the case law regarding the said
subject, and the last part of the dissertation regards the analysis of the compatibility with the arbitration process of formal ordinary rules, in case their application is asked
by the parties or choose by the arbitrators. The description of the compatibility problems show how the freedom of proof, as to the previous analysis, can overcome those problems.
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GIROLAMO, A. F. DI. "L'ISTRUTTORIA NELL'ARBITRATO RITUALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/466143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Il presente elaborato si propone di affrontare il tema relativo alla individuazione delle norme che disciplinano lo svolgimento dell’istruttoria nell’arbitrato rituale.
In particolare, una volta chiarita la questione, avente carattere preliminare, della natura del procedimento arbitrale, l’indagine si concentra, dapprima, sul potere delle parti e, successivamente, sul potere degli arbitri di dettare le regole del procedimento arbitrale nonché sui limiti cui tali poteri vanno incontro.
Nella prassi, tuttavia, l’esercizio del potere regolamentare risulta estremamente limitato: pertanto l’elaborato si intrattiene, anche e soprattutto, sull’ipotesi che più di frequente si verifica, giungendo ad affermare che – in assenza di diverse disposizioni delle parti (e degli arbitri) – non possono che trovare applicazione, in quanto compatibili, le norme del codice di rito che disciplinano lo svolgimento dell’istruttoria nel giudizio ordinario di cognizione.
Alla luce di tale conclusione, la trattazione si occupa di illustrare come, e con quali limiti, i mezzi di prova previsti dal libro II del codice di rito possano trovare applicazione anche nell’ambito del giudizio arbitrale.
Infine, talune notazioni conclusive sono riservate all’arbitrato di equità, al fine di dimostrare come, sotto il profilo della disciplina della fase istruttoria, esso non si discosti dall’arbitrato di diritto.The study analyses the discipline of the gathering of evidence phase in the Italian arbitration, focusing on powers (and the limits placed on them) left to the parties and the arbitrators on this matter. Despite the broad spaces of autonomy left to parties and arbitrators in regulating the above mentioned phase, the discipline provided by the Italian Code of Civil Procedure is more commonly applied. Therefore, the study also illustrates if, which and how, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure concerning the means of proof can be applied to arbitration. At last, the study stresses the fact that the discipline of the gathering of evidence phase is irrespective of the nature of the arbitral award (thus, if the award follows the rule of the law or is ex aequo et bono).
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Fabbi, Alessandro. "L'istruzione probatoria negli arbitrati commerciali internazionali." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200904.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Disponibilità del procedimento, disponibilità dell'istruzione probatoria. Prova dei fatti, lex causae e arbitrati internazionali. Prove documentali. Prova per testimoni, confessione, giuramento. Consulenza e testimonianza tecnica. Svolgimento dell’istruzione probatoria.
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Dias, Sofia Teresa de Bragança Almeida Simões. "A aplicação do direito processual civil no processo arbitral em matéria de prova." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23337.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Arbitrato. Prova civile"
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M, Boguslavskiĭ M., та Trunk Alexander, ред. SNG: Reforma grazhdanskogo prot͡s︡essualʹnogo prava : materialy Mezhdunarodnoĭ konferent͡s︡ii. Moskva: Izd-vo "Gorodet͡s︡", 2002.
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Slesarev, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. Sudebno-arbitrazhnoe tolkovanie norm grazhdanskogo prava: Interpretation of civil law norms by arbitration courts. Sankt-Peterburg: I︠U︡ridicheskiĭ t︠s︡entr Press, 2005.
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3
Frédéric Gilles, Sourgens, Duggal Kabir, and Laird Ian A. Part II Burden and Standard of Proof in International Investment Arbitration, 2 Burden of Proof in Investor-State Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198753506.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses the concept of the burden of proof in investor-state arbitration. The basic rule regarding the burden of proof in international law is that the party who makes an assertion must prove it. The rule has its origins in the traditions of Roman, common, and civil law countries, and is not new or unique to investment arbitration. In fact, this principle has been widely recognized by several international dispute settlement panels, as well as other international agencies. Not every set of arbitration rules explicitly includes this rule, however, although there is near unanimity by tribunals and commentators in its application.
Частини книг з теми "Arbitrato. Prova civile"
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Zhang, Luping. "The Practice of Dispute Resolution of International Civil Aviation." In The Resolution of Inter-State Disputes in Civil Aviation, 81–135. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849274.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 3 examines the State practice and maps out the composition of the number and nature of cases. The purpose of this chapter has two layers: the first layer is to assess the loopholes of dispute resolution mechanisms in international civil aviation and test if the deficiencies embedded in the text of the treaties prove to be true. The second layer is to summarize and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each forum—the ICAO Council, ad hoc arbitral tribunals, and the ICJ. Section B presents an overview of the case law filed along the same timeline as the air services agreements (ASAs) collected in Chapter 2 (1941–2020). It argues that the number of cases is on the rise and will continue rising in the future. Section C then introduces three fora: the ICAO Council, ad hoc arbitral tribunals, and the ICJ. Of these three fora, the ICAO Council has a special status as a United Nations specialized agency in international civil aviation. This forum is also the optimal choice for reforms proposed in Chapter 5. Section D provides an overview of case law arising out of these disputes under both multilateral air law treaties and bilateral ASAs. Chapter 3 serves as the second cornerstone with practical evidence for proposals in Chapter 5.