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1
Kozubovska, Beata, and Rimantas Daujotas. "ARBITRŲ ATSAKOMYBĖ IR IMUNITETAS NUO ATSAKOMYBĖS." Teisė 92 (February 11, 2015): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2014..3911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Straipsnyje analizuojamas arbitrų imuniteto institutas tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže. Tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže nėra bendros pozicijos dėl atsakomybės arbitrams taikymo ir jos ribojimo. Šio straipsnio tikslas, remiantis lyginamąja valstybių teisinių sistemų analize, suformuluoti mokslines rekomendacijas, susijusias su atsakomybės taikymu ir jos apribojimu arbitrams tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže.
This article discusses arguable aspects of the application of the liability of arbitrators in international commercial arbitration. There is no uniform practice applicable to the immunity of arbitrators in the field. By means of comparative analysis of various countries legal systems, this article aims to construct recommendation regarding the arbitrator‘s immunity and liability issue in international commercial arbitration.
2
Baier, Jonatan, and Bernhard F. Meyer. "Arbitrator Consultants Another Way to Deal with Technical or Commercial Challenges of Arbitrations." ASA Bulletin 33, Issue 1 (February 1, 2015): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2015004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International commercial arbitrations are often complex and of a technical nature. Ensuring that arbitral tribunals have, or acquire, the necessary technical or commercial know-how is a challenge - for the parties as well as for the arbitrators. The standard solutions (party- and/or court-appointed experts) are time-consuming, costly and often carry the risk of delegating decision-making powers to the experts. Another way to ensure a technically or commercially sound and enforceable award is through the use of a consultant to the arbitral tribunal ("Arbitrator Consultant"). This tool was recently field-tested and successfully implemented in a major international energy price review arbitration in which the authors were involved. An Arbitrator Consultant is neither an expert, nor an arbitrator. Rather, he is a special assistant providing technical or commercial expertise to the arbitral tribunal "upon demand". He advises the arbitrators on limited technical or commercial language and/or calculation questions. However, he does not prepare an expert report, nor is he subject to cross-examination by counsel. The Arbitrator Consultant is, with the approval of the parties, an assistant in the sense that he helps to "translate" the arbitrator's decision into the particular technical or commercial language of a contract, or vice versa.
3
Kecskés, László. "In Memory of Professor Dr Iván Szász." Journal of International Arbitration 29, Issue 3 (June 1, 2012): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2012022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The very sad apropos of the present article is the untimely death of Professor Dr Iván Szász, the best-known Hungarian arbitrator in the family of international commercial arbitration, at the beginning of this year. There are many arbitrator colleagues throughout the world who knew him from international arbitrations and conferences, and admitted his talent and exceptional skills both as a practitioner arbitrator and as the leading official of the International Council for Commercial Arbitration ICCA over many years. This article aims to pay tribute to him whose passing is a great loss not only to the Hungarian but also to international arbitration and arbitrators.
4
Chung, Yongkyun, and Hong-Youl Ha. "Arbitrator acceptability in international commercial arbitration." International Journal of Conflict Management 27, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 379–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-07-2015-0046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of arbitrator acceptability and investigate whether the perceived costs of arbitration moderate the relationship between arbitrator acceptability and arbitrator characteristics in international commercial arbitration. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage analytic process is used to test the dimensionality, reliability and validity of each construct and then the proposed hypotheses. Findings The findings show that the five constructs of arbitrator characteristics – reputation, practical expertise, legal expertise, experience and procedural justice – statistically significantly explain arbitrator acceptability. Moreover, perceived cost of arbitration moderates the relationship between arbitrator acceptability and arbitrator characteristics. However, the moderating effect of perceived costs of arbitration is not equal across characteristics. Research limitations/implications Knowledge regarding potential moderators of the strength of the indicators of arbitrator acceptability will be useful to future researchers in determining which variables to study in arbitrator selection research. Practical implications Useful guidelines in the selection of an international arbitrator are proposed. Originality/value This study contributes to arbitrator acceptability literature through the suggestion of a hypothesized model of arbitrator acceptability with auxiliary hypothesis of reputation in international contexts. In addition, this study investigates the moderating role of perceived cost of arbitration on the relationship between arbitrator acceptability and arbitrator characteristics.
5
Alessi, Dario. "Enforcing Arbitrators Obligations: Rethinking International Commercial Arbitrators Liability." Journal of International Arbitration 31, Issue 6 (December 1, 2014): 735–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2014035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Liability of arbitrators touches the heart of the concept of arbitration as it affects the legal relationship between the arbitrators and the parties and concerns some essential issues on the nature of the arbitrator's mandate. This article intends to propose an alternative conceptual approach to the immunity-based theories, endorsing the suggestion that the arbitrator shall be liable as any normal intellectual service provider for breach of her obligations. Regarding the regime of liability, a systematization is proposed whereby strict liability, fault-based liability and tortious liability cohabitate. This relationship is argued being contractual. The existence of an objective contractual exchange underlies contractual liability for breach. As a consequence, the thesis proposed in this article is that the arbitrator shall be liable for breaches of the obligations contractually incurred. These contractual obligations can be divided into two main clusters, namely, the obligation to decide the dispute submitted and the obligation to provide a fair and equal adjudication. Thus, a dual regime of contractual liability for arbitrators is proposed. A separate set of obligations is represented by the pre-contractual duties of disclosure, which are tort-based. The plain existence of a contractual relationship between the arbitrator and the parties automatically sets aside all those theories claiming that because of the status or for some policy argument, the arbitrator must be immune from liability. As a consequence, any immunity or qualified immunity-based theory is rebutted in favor of a full liability-based conceptual scheme.
6
Hrnčiříková, Miluše. "The Meaning of Soft Law in International Commercial Arbitration." International and Comparative Law Review 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary The growth in the amount of international arbitrations, the value of the disputes and expenses invested into the arbitral proceedings have escalated the pressure to succeed in dispute. The arbitrators face to guerrilla tactics or threats of annulment of arbitral awards based on the violation of a right to a due process. Soft law regulating the arbitral procedure endowers the effectives of the arbitration, however, in the recent years the critical voices can be heart which warn against overregulation and its judicialization. On the following pages the impact of the soft rules prescribing the arbitral proceeding on the effectiveness of the international commercial arbitration is examined. Firstly the author deals with the right to a fair trial and the discretionary power of arbitrators in the framework of the notion of soft law and then the binding character of this soft law is determined. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the regulation of the arbitral proceedings by soft law is still welcomed or if it represents a threat for the discretionary powers of the arbitrator and arbitration as such.
7
Elmejresi, Jamila Ibrahim, Muneer Ali Abdul Rab та Abdul Samat Musa. "مدى سلطة المحكّم في البتّ في اختصاصه في التّشريع الليبي". Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 7, № 1 (29 травня 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.v7i1.131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The principle of competence in jurisdiction is an important basis in commercial arbitration for its importance in reducing the time of litigation. The trust of the litigants in the arbitrator does not stop at the subject matter of the dispute but extends to all its preliminary decisions before the judgment in the case. This principle is explicitly adopted in the majority of arbitration centres. However, Libyan jurisprudence does not adopt this principle, and it is left vague under the provisions of article 757 of the Code of Plea on Matters outside the Jurisdiction of the Arbitrators, which could result in a contradiction in the arbitration decisions. Thus, this paper deals with the limits of the authority of the arbitrator in enforcing his jurisdiction under Libyan legislation by relying on the inductive method and analytical deductive approach. This research concludes that the principle of jurisdiction is one of the most important principles of international arbitration. However, Libyan legislators have not properly addressed the issue on the invalidity of the arbitration clause in a true contract due to the ambiguity of Article 757 of the Libyan Code of Procedure on matters beyond the jurisdiction of the arbitrators. There is thus an overlap between the judiciary and arbitration in specifying the jurisdiction of the arbitrator in the texts of the draft arbitration law
8
Al-Fadhel, Faisal. "Respect for Party Autonomy under Current Saudi Arbitration Law." Arab Law Quarterly 23, no. 1 (2009): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302509x395632.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractArbitration is an important means for settling disputes between commercial parties, in parallel with the general judicial system. Certain basic standards, such as party autonomy and the supportive role of courts, are required in any modern arbitral legislation if it is to prove effective. This article will focus on the principle of party autonomy, fundamental to modern law, under the current Saudi Arbitration Law. Several issues will be discussed and constructive recommendations given regarding: the consistency in terminology used, specifically with respect to "arbitration instrument", "arbitration clause" and "submission agreement"; the professional qualifications and experience of arbitrators; the choice of language for international arbitration; woman's role as arbitrator; the status of non-Muslim arbitrators; and modernisation of the Saudi Arbitration Law of 1983 and its Implementing Regulations of 1985.
9
Daujotas, Rimantas, and Beata Kozubovska. "JURA NOVIT CURIA PRINCIPO TAIKYMAS TARPTAUTINIAME KOMERCINIAME ARBITRAŽE." Teisė 89 (January 1, 2013): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2013.0.1911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Straipsnyje analizuojamas jura novit curia principo taikymas tarptautiniame komerciniame arbitraže. Arbitraže nėra nusistovėjusios jura novit curia principo taikymo praktikos. Straipsnyje siekiama išanalizuoti šios lotynų dogmos pritaikymą nagrinėjamam alternatyvaus ginčų nagrinėjimo būdui. Pagrindinis tyrimo klausimas – ar jura novit curia yra teisė, kuria arbitrai gali pasinaudoti arba nepasinaudoti, ar pareiga, kurią arbitrai privalo vykdyti. This article discusses arguable aspects of the application of jura novit curia in international commercial arbitration. There is no uniform practice applicable to the use of concept jura novit curia in the field. The research aims at addressing the appropriateness of jura novit curia in international commercial arbitration. Whether jura novit curia is only a power arbitrators may exercise or an obligation that tribunals must obey?
10
ALQUDAH, Yassin Ahmad, and Abdullah Ahmed ALKHSEILAT. "The Extent of the Arbitrator's Immunity from Civil Liability Compared to the Judge's Immunity (Comparative Study)." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims at the legal dimensions of the legislative deficiency of the arbitrator's immunity from civil liability in the Jordanian Arbitration Law, which the legislator granted to the judge.
The researchers reached the need to amend the provisions of the Jordanian Arbitration Law to grant immunity to the arbitrator, especially since the work is similar to that of a judge.
The judicial immunity of the arbitrator is civil liability in comparison with the immunity of the judge
Jordanian and Egyptian lawmakers have imposed restrictions on the civil (commercial) arbitrator's responsibility for the mistakes he makes while performing his arbitral mission, This is to encourage arbitration, compared to the position of the arbitrator over the judge's function, hence granting the Jordanian legislator and the Egyptian legislator and the judgments of the commercial arbitrator judicial immunity similar to that enjoyed by the judge but much less than the immunity of the judge.
We therefore consider it appropriate to examine the arbitrator's immunity, beginning with a shedding light on the judges' immunity from civil responsibility, given the similarity in the task entrusted to both the judge and the arbitrator, which is to resolve disputes by a legally binding and enforceable judgment.
This requires us to present the principle of judicial immunity from civil liability, and the reasons that support and oppose such immunity, in order to determine the judicial immunity of arbitrators of civil liability.
11
Astakhova, Daria O. "THE ROLE OF THE DELOCALISATION THEORY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRENCH LEGISLATION ON INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 40 (2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/40/11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The notion of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration has recently drawn increasing attention from Russian and foreign scholars. The main problematic of scientific discussions relates to the question of how closely international commercial arbitration is related to the legal order of the seat of arbitration. The emergence and development of the theory of delocalisation of international commer-cial arbitration is inextricably linked to the French legal science. French scientists stand at the origins of this theory. Besides, French law and jurisprudence have been significantly influenced by the theory of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration. The following provi-sions of the French legislation provide the most significant examples. First, article 1511 of the French code of civil procedure constitutes a basis for the use by arbitrators of the method of direct choice of law (“voie directe”). This implies that arbitrators do not have to apply any conflict of laws rules. Therefore, French law provides for a broad autonomy of arbitrators in the choice of law, while at the same time reducing the link between arbitration and national law, including the French law. French law is thus in perfect harmony with the concept of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration. Second, it is worth mentioning that the French code of civil procedure contains a limited number of grounds for refusal of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. This particularity permits to ensure the highest efficiency of international commercial arbitration, to maintain an arbitration friendly approach at the stage of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, as well as to recognise and enforce arbitral awards that have been set aside at the seat of arbitration. This corresponds to the idea of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration. Third, the influence of the delocalisation theory on the French legislation is also reflected in the scope of international competence of the French supporting judge, who can act in cases where one of the parties incurs the risk of denial of justice. This means that the French sup-porting judge is entitled, for example, to nominate an arbitrator if one of the parties fails to do so, even if the dispute does not have any objective links to France. The features of the French legislation on international commercial arbitration examined above prove that it is impacted by the theory of delocalisation of international commercial arbitration. The recognition in legal science, law and court practice of the autonomy of inter-national commercial arbitration from national legal orders contributes to the growth of attrac-tiveness of Paris as a place of cross-border dispute resolution.
12
Furtado, Leonardo Mäder. "Iuria Novit Curia em Arbitragem e as Cortes Europeias." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 9, Issue 36 (December 1, 2012): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2012062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT: This essay deals with the boundaries of the arbitrators' mandate when deciding a case based on a law legal ground not pleaded by the parties. In some legal systems such practice is referred as iuria novit curia. The writer sought for the decisions on this issue rendered by the courts from countries frequently used as seats of international commercial arbitration and the interesting about the matter is that the due process of law principle plays an important role in the mission of the arbitrator, i.e. on whether or not the arbitrator should act with the adage of iuria novit curiae.
13
Perović-Vujačić, Jelena. "Obligations of arbitrators in international commercial arbitration." Revija Kopaonicke skole prirodnog prava 1, no. 1 (2019): 131–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rkspp1901131p.
Повний текст джерела
14
Malacka, Michal. "Evidence in International Commercial Arbitration." International and Comparative Law Review 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract International commercial arbitration and national commercial arbitration are issues of international private law combined with global and local aspects. The rules of the procedure in international commercial arbitration vary around the world and are combined with the very strong influence of national law and are determinate by the place where the arbitration procedure is being preceded by the arbitrators. Obtaining evidence in commercial arbitration is also dependent on the above-mentioned aspects. The arbitrators have to know, as much as possible, all about the common law system, the civil law system’s influence and the powers and initiation possibilities they have during the arbitration procedure. The knowledge of the system and existing procedure rules allow them to produce the most important part of the arbitration, such as a perfect award.
15
Thuan, Huynh Quang. "Emergency Arbitrator – An Efficient Mechanism for Commercial Arbitration Development?" Vietnamese Journal of Legal Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjls-2021-0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The emergency arbitrator mechanism, despite its recent establishment, has made certain contributions to the development of international commerical arbitration. However, this mechanism has not been recognized and recorded in the national arbitration laws as well as the rules of procedure of arbitration institutions in Vietnam. In this article, the author aims to describe the operating mechanism and to discuss the benefits and limitations of the emergency arbitrator mechanism. Accordingly, the author will draw some conclusions regarding the recognition of this mechanism into Vietnam arbitration laws with the goal of developing the commercial arbitration arena in Vietnam.
16
Alnaber, Rania. "Emergency Arbitration: Mere Innovation or Vast Improvement." Arbitration International 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 441–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbint/aiz021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Effectiveness of emergency arbitration is a disputable question, which was touched by several commentators since it was first introduced in 2006. Concerns have been raised in relation to the enforceability of emergency reliefs under the New York Convention and the risk of concurrent jurisdiction between emergency arbitrators and national courts in granting interim measures prior to the constitution of the arbitral tribunal. A more specific concern is related to the suitability of introducing this mechanism, to investment arbitration. This article argues that adopting an international instrument for enforcing emergency reliefs will be the best solution. As for investment arbitration, emergency arbitrators are no less important in this type of arbitration than in commercial arbitration. However, certain features of emergency arbitration shall be tailored to meet the distinct nature of investment cases. Although certain amendments are needed to enhance the effectiveness of this relatively new mechanism, the future of emergency arbitrator is still optimistic. Therefore, to avoid any duplication of fora, courts are expected to respect emergency arbitrator's jurisdiction and only intervene when the latter is not capable of granting a relief.
17
Carreteiro, Mateus Aimoré. "Appellate Arbitral Rules in International Commercial Arbitration." Journal of International Arbitration 33, Issue 2 (April 1, 2016): 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2016010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arbitral proceedings are praised for the finality of their arbitral awards. One cannot ignore, however, that parties to complex and high-stakes disputes may be concerned about potential errors. In certain disputes, therefore, an internal appellate tribunal may be an interesting option for effective review of awards. After reviewing the role of appeals in litigation, this article analyzes the reasons in favor of appeals in international commercial arbitration and reviews how arbitral institutions have structured appellate arbitral rules and other potential issues that may arise. In conclusion, this article suggests that appeals, in the context of certain international commercial arbitrations, may improve the arbitration system and be crucial instruments to protect parties against erroneous decisions and to safeguard the integrity of the arbitration process.
18
Sánchez Pos, María Victoria. "La entrada e intervención de terceros en el arbitraje comercial internacional = Joinder and intervention of additional parties in international commercial arbitration." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resumen: En el marco del arbitraje multiparte, la entrada e intervención de terceros es definida como la incorporación de partes adicionales a un arbitraje ya iniciado. Este mecanismo procesal presenta, sin embargo, multitud de dificultades que derivan de la naturaleza eminentemente consensual de la institución arbitral. Así, entre otras, la constancia de la voluntad -expresa o tácita- de todas las partes involucradas en el arbitraje a la entrada del tercero o la salvaguarda de su derecho esencial de participar de manera directa y equitativa en la constitución del tribunal arbitral y de las garantías de privacidad y confidencialidad del arbitraje. Partiendo de estas someras premisas, este trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis crítico de las disposiciones específicas sobre la admisibilidad y presupuestos de la entrada e intervención de nuevas partes en el arbitraje que las instituciones arbitrales internacionales de mayor relevancia han regulado en los últimos años.Palabras clave: Entrada, intervención, terceros, partes adicionales, arbitraje multiparte, tribunal arbitral.Abstract: One of the major challenges that international arbitration has faced in the last decades is the regulation of multiparty arbitrations, which involve a confrontation between more than two parties with opposing interests. In this context, joinder and intervention deals with the need, in terms of justice and efficiency, to bring an additional party into the proceedings when the arbitration may already be in progress. However, the main characteristic of arbitration is its consensual nature. For this reason, mechanisms for joinder or intervention present considerable difficulties related to the principle of party autonomy, the right to equally participate in the nomination of the arbitrators and the protection of privacy and confidentiality in arbitration proceedings. Apart from dealing with these difficulties, the author discusses in this article the latest joinder provisions contained in leading arbitral rules.Keywords: Joinder, Intervention, Third parties, Additional parties, Multiparty Arbitration, Arbitral Tribunal
19
Tubishat, Bassam Mustafa, and Khaldon Fawzi Qandah. "The Role of Emergency Arbitrator in Commercial Arbitration (Comparative Study)." Journal of Politics and Law 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n4p94.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study dealt with the arbitrator of emergency in commercial arbitration and this development is the most innovative in the rules of commercial arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris in 1912, where a new trend was adopted with regard to interim and urgent measures before the final form of the arbitral tribunal. The International Chamber of Commerce has already adopted the rules of this system before the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce.
The emergence of new systems in commercial arbitration needs to be examined in order to understand, interpret and check its suitability to the needs of the parties to the dispute in the framework of commercial arbitration. Among the most important new systems are the rules of emergency arbitrator, which have been taken by many commercial arbitration centers because of the advantages of one or both parties when it needs urgent and incidental measures that cannot wait until the formation of the arbitral tribunal. Therefore, the appointment of an emergency arbitrator may be requested for such measures. Many of the centers have organized such rules as Stockholm Rules of Arbitration in Sweden and ICC in Paris and others.
The study concluded with a set of results, the most important of which was that the emergency arbitrator is one of the modern rules that serve commercial arbitration, which began by relying on Western legal systems not Arab laws.
20
Halla, Slavomír. "Non-Signatories in International Commercial Arbitration: Contesting the Myth of Consent." International and Comparative Law Review 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2018-0038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Consent, the final frontier. International commercial arbitration is a dispute resolution mechanism embedded in consent of the parties involved. Presentation of such a mutual understanding is done through an arbitration agreement. However, the aim of this paper is to analyse whether its contractual, indeed consensual, nature is the only element which the courts use to identify the subjects who may compel or must be compelled to arbitrate disputes, or whether they employ other considerations as well. The paper will focus on extension doctrines which might be less known even to a professional audience: piercing of the corporate veil, estoppel & group of companies. A review of selected case law leads to a conclusion that consent-finding analysis is definitely a starting point of any analysis. However, at the same time courts and arbitrators do indeed use tools of contract interpretation and the ones based on equity or good faith considerations to establish, and exceptionally force, the implication of consent far beyond what is obvious.
21
Osmanoglu, Burcu. "Third-Party Funding in International Commercial Arbitration and Arbitrator Conflict of Interest." Journal of International Arbitration 32, Issue 3 (May 1, 2015): 325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2015013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Third-party funding in international commercial arbitration is one of the most current and controversial issues in international arbitration. Third-party funding is the system whereby a third-party funder finances, partly or fully, one of the parties' arbitration costs. In case of a favourable award, the third-party funder is generally remunerated by a previously agreed percentage of the amount of the award. In case of an unfavourable award, the funder's investment is lost. One of the numerous issues raised by the involvement of third-party funders in international commercial arbitration proceedings is arbitrator conflict of interest due to nondisclosure of the involvement of the third-party funder in the process. In this article, we first explain the concept of 'third-party funding in international commercial arbitration.' Then we examine arbitrator conflict of interest implicating third-party funders. Finally, we discuss the need to create an obligation to disclose the involvement of third-party funders in arbitral proceedings as a predicate for arbitrator conflict of interest.
22
Chiu, Julie C. "Consolidation of Arbitral Proceedings and International Commercial Arbitration." Journal of International Arbitration 7, Issue 2 (June 1, 1990): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia1990018.
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23
Parra, Antonio R. "Three Approaches to Challenges of ICSID Arbitrators for Manifest Lack of Reliability for Independent Judgment." BCDR International Arbitration Review 6, Issue 1 (June 1, 2019): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bcdr2021003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Article 14(1) of the ICSID Convention sets forth certain qualities that all ICSID arbitrators must possess. They must, in the words of Article 14(1), be “persons of high moral quality and recognized competence in the fields of law, commerce, industry or finance, who may be relied upon to exercise independent judgment.” In accordance with Article 57 of the ICSID Convention, a party may propose the disqualification of an arbitrator—or in briefer terms, challenge him or her— “on account of any fact indicating a manifest lack of the qualities required” by Article 14(1). Pursuant to Article 58 of the Convention, the decision on a proposal to disqualify an arbitrator will be taken by the other members of the tribunal, unless they are equally divided or the proposal relates to a sole arbitrator or the majority of the arbitrators, in which cases the decision will be taken by the Chairman of the Administrative Council of ICSID (the President of the World Bank). Parties to ICSID Convention arbitration cases have frequently set in motion the challenge procedures of Articles 57 and 58. Proposals to disqualify arbitrators have been made in over 100 such cases. About a quarter of the disqualification proposals have been met by resignations of the challenged arbitrators. Almost all the other proposals have been rejected by decision of the unchallenged arbitrators or of the Chairman of the Administrative Council.The decided proposals all apparently sought disqualification owing to a supposed manifest lack of reliability for independent judgment. The decisions themselves, however, have taken different approaches to the standard to be applied for disqualification, that there be a fact indicating a manifest lack of the required quality.Three main approaches can be discerned from the cases.They are examined in this article through the lenses of the individual decisions that inaugurated or prominently reinforced the respective approaches.Albeit in varying degrees, the approaches identified with these decisions have each highlighted a weakness of the disqualification procedures of the ICSID Convention, that they may less adequately guarantee arbitral independence than the corresponding procedures of leading international commercial arbitration systems. A concluding part of the article considers the scope for addressing the problem through amendments of the ICSID Arbitration Rules.
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Esplugues, Carlos A. "“National Intervention” in International Commercial Arbitration." Revue générale de droit 19, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059188ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of international arbitration increased over the years as a result of growth in international trade. How the State intervenes in the process concerning the appointment of arbitrators, provisional measures and evidence, and in the enforcement of the judgment after arbitration, is analysed. This State practice is however, difficult to change since international arbitration operates in a structure based on differing national terms, and not on uniform international standards.
25
Van Houtte, H., and M. Brunetti. "Investment Arbitration - Ten Areas of Caution for Commercial Arbitrators." Arbitration International 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/29.4.553.
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Tupman, W. Michael. "Challenge and Disqualification of Arbitrators in International Commercial Arbitration." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 38, no. 1 (January 1989): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/38.1.26.
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Mykola, Selivon. "Development of International Commercial Arbitration in Ukraine." Russian Law 2013, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1811-9077/2013-1-62-78.
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von Papp, Konstanze. "Biting the Bullet or Redefining ‘Consent’ in Investor-State Arbitration? Pre-Arbitration Requirements After BG Group v Argentina." Journal of World Investment & Trade 16, no. 4 (July 11, 2015): 695–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-01604006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A purely consensual approach to international arbitration has its limits even in commercial arbitration. In investment treaty arbitration, the traditional approach to finding ‘consent’ to arbitrate encounters difficulties if there are any pre-arbitration requirements that have not been satisfied. This will be illustrated by the case of BG Group v Republic of Argentina. Drawing a line between purely ‘procedural’ pre-arbitration requirements and those that are strict conditions on a host state’s consent to arbitrate is difficult, if not impossible. This article suggests alternative solutions, taking into account the need to appreciate domestic arbitration laws as well as public international law concerns. ‘Biting the bullet’ would mean accepting the lack of consent between host state and investor. A doctrinally clearer approach to jurisdictional issues could then be found by drawing an analogy to non-signatory issues in commercial arbitration.
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Romero, Eduardo Silva. "Remarks by Eduardo Silva Romero." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 112 (2018): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Starting with the state-to-state disputes, my impression is that international commercial arbitration has very little influence on them, if not nil. That is the case for, I believe, two reasons. The first reason is that the arbitrators dealing with state-to-state disputes and state-to-state arbitrations are usually, if not always, public international lawyers, and, further, they are often former judges of the ICJ, with the result that the rules and practices of the ICJ are more present in those arbitrations than those coming from international commercial arbitration. The second reason is that not many, if any, international commercial arbitrators intervene in those disputes. There may, in the end, be some procedural similarities between state-to-state arbitration and international commercial arbitration, due to the fact that both are “arbitration,” but that would be it.
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Davis, M. D. "International Commercial Arbitration and the Courts. 1991 Guide to International Arbitration and Arbitrators." ICSID Review 6, no. 2 (September 1, 1991): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/6.2.610.
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D'Silva, M. "Dealing in Power: Gatekeepers in Arbitrator Appointment in International Commercial Arbitration." Journal of International Dispute Settlement 5, no. 3 (October 17, 2014): 605–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idu013.
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Hong-Lin, Yu, and Laurence Shore. "Independence, Impartiality, and Immunity of Arbitrators—us and English Perspectives." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 52, no. 4 (October 2003): 935–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/52.4.935.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the 2002 conference of ICCA (International Commercial Congress of Arbitration), the conference participants debated the following proposition: ‘the parties, not the arbitrators, control the arbitration.’ Thus, the proposition permitted only two answers—either the parties or the arbitrators control the arbitral process. Both answers were consistent with the contractualist theory of arbitration:
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de Vietri, Raphaël. "Impartiality and the Issue of Repeat Arbitrators A Reply to Slaoui." Journal of International Arbitration 28, Issue 3 (June 1, 2011): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2011017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impartiality and bias in arbitration is of significant interest within the international arbitration community. Concern about repeat arbitrators is one facet of the topic, and was the subject of an article published in Volume 25 of Arbitration International in 2009. In reply, this article takes a second look at the institution and effect of repeat arbitrators. It argues, within a framework that attempts to balance the core values of international commercial arbitration, that repeat arbitration is not in and of itself a cause for concern. The commercial realities of international arbitration, and the value to be attributed to party autonomy, are highlighted in a bid to quell fears about the lack of comprehensive definition surrounding applicable disclosure requirements in circumstances of repeat arbitration.
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Tuychiev, Farrukh. "THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC POLICY IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: REFUSAL OF THE RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS EX OFFICIO IN UZBEKISTAN." Review of Law Sciences 5, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2021.5.2./sahi4569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article deals with the themes of the execution of foreign arbitral awards in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. The discussions will be carried out based on the relevant laws of Uzbekistan in the field of international arbitration, as well as by exemplifying of “Somportex Ltd. vs Philadelphia Chewing Gum Corp,” “Parsons & Whittemore Overseas Co., Inc. v Societe Generale de I’Industrie du Papier (RAKTA),” “United World Ltd. Inc. v Krasny Yakor,” and “Richardson v Mellish.
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Brazil-David, Renata. "Harmonization and Delocalization of International Commercial Arbitration." Journal of International Arbitration 28, Issue 5 (October 1, 2011): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2011036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article focuses on the tension between the freedom of the parties to arbitrate and resolve their differences away from the constraints of national courts and the required jurisdictional underpinning that gives arbitral awards their certainty and legally binding character. It considers the current level of harmonization achieved in international commercial arbitration and the feasibility of the delocalization theory.
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Karwowska, Anna. "Arbitration on Response to Challenges of Contemporary Market." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Response to the challenges of the modern market, which requires prompt resolution of the business problems, in order not to fall out of the economic game, are the alternative methods of dispute resolution, which include arbitral proceedings. Arbitration might be useful while resolving civil and commercial disputes, increasingly many corporate disputes, like conflicts between the company and the partner. The arbitral tribunal is constituted by the parties, which are entitled to choose arbitrators, as well as rules governing the proceedings, if not provided otherwise. The main advantages of the arbitral proceedings are the following: flexibility, speed, effectiveness, informality in the conduct of the proceedings and confidentiality. However, the statistics regarding the number of the cases being arbitrated are not impressive, the increase in the number of the disputes directed to the arbitration might have been observed. It is determined by the dissemination of the idea of the arbitration – friendly businesses, likely to adapt to the requirements of the modern market.
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Fryczyńska, Marzena. "Strategiczne międzynarodowe zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5777.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Response to the challenges of the modern market, which requires prompt resolution of the business problems, in order not to fall out of the economic game, are the alternative methods of dispute resolution, which include arbitral proceedings. Arbitration might be useful while resolving civil and commercial disputes, increasingly many corporate disputes, like conflicts between the company and the partner. The arbitral tribunal is constituted by the parties, which are entitled to choose arbitrators, as well as rules governing the proceedings, if not provided otherwise. The main advantages of the arbitral proceedings are the following: flexibility, speed, effectiveness, informality in the conduct of the proceedings and confidentiality. However, the statistics regarding the number of the cases being arbitrated are not impressive, the increase in the number of the disputes directed to the arbitration might have been observed. It is determined by the dissemination of the idea of the arbitration – friendly businesses, likely to adapt to the requirements of the modern market.
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Seyadi, Reyadh Mohamed. "Intellectual Composition of Arbitral Tribunals According to the New Saudi Arbitration Law." Arab Law Quarterly 33, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12331028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract One significant feature of arbitration that distinguishes it from litigation in national courts, is the parties’ freedom to select the arbitrator or members of the arbitral tribunal familiar with the kind of dispute that might arise or already has arisen. In 2012, a new arbitration law was issued in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) inspired by the texts of the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. In all its provisions it included the requirement not to violate Sharīʿah law (Islamic legal tradition). However, according to this law, the sole arbitrator or presiding arbitrator must hold a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) or Sharīʿah law degree. This provision is mandatory, and the parties cannot agree otherwise. This article seeks to provide some thoughts on this restriction through an analysis of arbitrator qualifications under Sharīʿah law in order to provide a better understanding of the position adopted by the KSA Arbitration Law.
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Pavličić, Igor. "Constitution of the international commercial arbitration." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 68, no. 9 (1996): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9610401p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The technique of constitution of the arbitration is the major subject which is set in conflict which are solved by the arbitration. If its not, on the first place, precisely defined, big problems which can hardly be solved will occur and thats why is necessary to define this subject in arbitration contract.
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سعيد, حاتم. "التحكيم كحل بديل للمنازعات التجارية". Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences 1, № 2 (4 жовтня 2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjhs.01.02.p6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arbitration is one of the alternative solutions for resolving commercial disputes. It is an exceptional way based on the will of the parties and the parties resort to it to resolve the dispute without the competent court. Arbitration is an old tool, but its importance has increased recently due to the development of trade and economic relations and the emergence of new business contracts, with increasing disputes in this area between contracting parties. The arbitrators are brought to arbitration for the characteristics of being a quick and effective means of settling commercial disputes, The arbitrators of one case, are aware of their technical assets. Thus, the length of judicial proceedings can be avoided. The dispute is settled by a final, neutral, secret and decisive ruling, which is an important consideration in commercial transactions. Opinions differed as to the legal nature of arbitration between nature (decadent, judicial, composite, independent).
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Miles, Kate, and Luke Nottage. "“Back to the Future” for Investor–State Arbitrations: Revising Rules in Australia and Japan to Meet Public Interests." Journal of International Arbitration 26, Issue 1 (February 1, 2009): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2009002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The more things change, the more some stay the same. This article first highlights renewed concerns about delays and, especially, costs in international commercial arbitration (ICA). Many now urge quite radical solutions to make ICA more efficient, including allowing parties to authorize arbitrators to facilitate settlement (Arb–Med). At the same time, there are growing calls for more transparency, non–party participation, and other rule changes to promote the legitimacy of the burgeoning field of investor–state arbitration (ISA). Such reforms are justified by the greater variety of public interests involved in ISA, despite some possible losses in efficiency. We should resist a tendency simply to extend the solutions devised or proposed for ICA, particularly in the form of Rules of arbitral institutions, to contemporary ISA.However, some reforms incorporating proper safeguards may also be advisable in both fields, such as Arb–Med processes, or arbitrator remuneration providing better incentives to streamline proceedings. Many reforms can be implemented by institutions devising tailored ISA Rules, to be added as options for investors in bilateral or regional investment treaties or Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Our article therefore proposes a variety of improvements. These are based on comparisons of the main Rules adopted for ISA (ICSID and the UNCITRAL Rules), the arbitration Rules of institutions like the Australian Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (ACICA) and the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association ( JCAA), and some of the provisions already found in Australia’s FTAs or governing trade disputes under the World Trade Organization (WTO) system. Hopefully, these improvements will enable ISA to keep developing through bilateral initiatives such as the proposed Australia–Japan FTA, emerging regional initiatives, and ultimately a new multilateral framework for investment. Although reforms are currently needed to bolster the legitimacy of ISA, longer–term reforms may instead re–emphasize efficiency, rather like ICA has done after decades spent achieving global acceptance.
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ИВАНОВА, Юлия Александровна, and Рафаэль Исламович КОМИЛЖОНОВ. "ARBITRATION AGREEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: CONCEPT, FORM AND ROLE." Вестник Московской академии Следственного комитета Российской Федерации, no. 4(30) (December 15, 2021): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2588-0136.2021.30.4.015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В статье исследуются практические аспекты арбитражного соглашения в международном коммерческом арбитраже. Отмечается, что соглашение выступает основой и отправным пунктом компетенции арбитров. Определяются ключевые признаки и форма арбитражного соглашения. Анализируются значение и процессуальная роль соглашения в разрешении спора. The article examines the practical aspects of an arbitration agreement in international commercial arbitration. The article notes that the agreement is the basis and starting point of the competence of arbitrators. The authors determine the key features and form of the arbitration agreement, analyze the significance and procedural role of the agreement in dispute resolution.
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Díaz Roa, Carolina María Gratzia. "El arbitraje comercial internacional y su aplicación por medios electrónicos." Revista de Derecho, no. 36 (2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/issn0717-0599/2019.n36-03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Los grandes esfuerzos de los Estados y organizaciones internacionales para lograr la uniformidad del arbitraje comercial internacional han permitido un marco legal amplio para ser aplicado por los diferentes actores que interactúan en la contratación internacional. Esta uniformidad ha ampliado su uso y ha creado medios alternativos de solución de confictos entre las partes que interactúan en ella, dando lugar al arbitraje por medios electrónicos conocido en inglés como “online dispute resolution” el cual, se destaca por su efcacia, bajo costo y rapidez, pudiendo escogerse incluso el idioma del arbitraje y convirtiéndose así en una nueva herramienta de soluciones transfronterizas.
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Billebro, Elena. "New approaches to the neutrality of arbitrators in international commercial arbitration." Meždunarodnoe pravosudie 4, no. 20 (2016): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/2226-2059-2016-4-42-53.
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吳日煥. "he Present Conditions of Commercial Arbitration and Arbitratior Education in China." 국제법무 2, no. 1 (May 2010): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36727/jjilr.2.1.201005.007.
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Ryszkowski, Karol. "Kwestia small claims w arbitrażu handlowym w prawie polskim." Acta Iuridica Resoviensia 32, no. 1 (2021): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/actaires.2021.1.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the important features of arbitration is its speed. A question should be asked as to whether there is a legitimate need for separate regulation of small claims in commercial arbitration proceedings in Polish law, in particular, due to its more informal character and greater discretion of arbitrators, and if so, one ought to ask about the location of the regulation of this institution. Small claims have fundamental importance for commercial arbitration proceedings because they guarantee the implementation of speed in arbitration.
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Engholm Cardoso, Marcel Carvalho. "Impecunious parties in international commercial arbitration." Arbitration International 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbint/aiaa002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article discusses the possible effects that a party’s lack of funds can have on the arbitration agreement. It explains the different theories used to deal with this issue and proposes to classify them into substantive and jurisdictional solutions, depending on whether they propose an actual answer or examine it from a competence–competence perspective, thus simply deferring the question to the arbitrators without further guidance. The former category can also be divided into two further subgroups, in accordance with the weight given to the contractual nature of arbitration or to its jurisdictional nature. Finally, the article proposes a uniform solution under the New York Convention, arguing that impecuniosity might fall under the ‘incapable of being performed’ exception of article II(3). It concludes by proposing a narrow construction of this exception and putting forward four factors that practitioners should consider when deciding whether impecuniosity can void or suspend the effects of arbitration agreements.
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Donovan, D. F. "Introduction to the Fifteenth Annual International Commercial Arbitration Workshop: Arbitral Advocacy." Arbitration International 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/21.4.537.
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Пчелин, А. Д. "Legal Effect of Bankruptcy on Commercial Arbitration." Вестник Арбитражного суда Московского округа, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46279/asmo.2022.13.47.008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПЕРЕСЕЧЕНИЕ МЕЖДУ ИНСТИТУТАМИ БАНКРОТСТВА И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО АРБИТРАЖА ДЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ ВРЕМЯ РАССМАТРИВАЛОСЬ КАК «КОНФЛИКТ ПОЧТИ ПОЛНЫХ ПРОТИВОПОЛОЖНОСТЕЙ: ИНСТИТУТ БАНКРОТСТВА НЕУМОЛИМО СТРЕМИТСЯ К ЦЕНТРАЛИЗАЦИИ, В ТО ВРЕМЯ КАК АРБИТРАЖ ОСНОВАН НА ДЕЦЕНТ РАЛИЗОВАННОМ ПОДХОДЕ К РАЗРЕШЕНИЮ СПОРОВ»1. ЭТА ЦИТАТА ИЗ РЕШЕНИЯ МАССАЧУСЕТСКОГО ОКРУЖНОГО СУДА США ДАВНО СТАЛА КЛАССИЧЕСКИМ И ОЧЕНЬ ТОЧНЫМ ОБЪЯСНЕНИЕМ СЛОЖНОСТЕЙ, ВОЗНИКАЮЩИХ ПРИ СОПРИКОСНОВЕНИИ ЭТИХ ПРАВОВЫХ ИНСТИТУТОВ. ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНО, ОБА ИНСТИТУТА ИМЕЮТ СУЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ. ТАК, АРБИТРАЖ ОСНОВАН НА АВТОНОМИИ ВОЛИ СТОРОН; АРБИТРЫ ПО ОБЩЕМУ ПРАВИЛУ НАЗНАЧАЮТСЯ САМИМИ СТОРОНАМИ; АРБИТРАЖНОЕ РАЗБИРАТЕЛЬСТВО ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ КОНФИДЕНЦИАЛЬНЫМ; РЕШЕНИЕ АРБИТРОВ ОКОНЧАТЕЛЬНО И НЕ ПОДЛЕЖИТ ОБЖАЛОВАНИЮ. ВСЕ ЭТИ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НЕ СВОЙСТВЕННЫ ДЛЯ ИНСТИТУТА БАНКРОТСТВА. ДЕЛА О БАНКРОТСТВЕ РАССМАТРИВАЮТСЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫМ СУДОМ, ПРЕДПОЛАГАЮТ КОЛЛЕКТИВНОЕ УЧАСТИЕ КРЕДИТОРОВ В ДЕЛЕ И УЧЕТ ИХ ПРАВ И ИНТЕРЕСОВ. ПЕРЕСЕЧЕНИЕ НАСТОЛЬКО РАЗНЫХ ПРАВОВЫХ ИНСТИТУТОВ, ВО МНОГОМ ЛИШЕННЫХ ОБЩИХ ПРАВОВЫХ ПРИНЦИПОВ, ПОРОЖДАЕТ БОЛЬШОЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВО СЛОЖНЫХ ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ПРОБЛЕМ НА ПРАКТИКЕ. НЕКОТОРЫЕ ИЗ НИХ БУДУТ РАССМОТРЕНЫ В НАСТОЯЩЕЙ СТАТЬЕ: ПРАВОВОЙ ЭФФЕКТ БАНКРОТСТВА ОДНОЙ ИЗ СТОРОН СПОРА НА ИСПОЛНИМОСТЬ АРБИТРАЖНОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ И НА ИСПОЛНИМОСТЬ АРБИТРАЖНОГО РЕШЕНИЯ. A practical intersection between bankruptcy institutions and international arbitration was considered for a long time as “a conflict of almost complete opposites: the bankruptcy institution is inexorably striving for centralization, while arbitration is based on a detailed approach to resolving disputes” 1. THIS QUOTATION FROM THE DECISION OF THE MASSCHUSSETTS DISTRICT COURT HAS LONG BECOME A CLASSIC AND VERY ACCURATE EXPLANATION OF THE DIFFICULTIES ARISING WHEN THESE LEGAL INSTITUTIONS CONTACT. REALLY, BOTH INSTITUTIONS HAVE SIGNIFICANT CONCEPTUAL DIFFERENCES. SO, ARBITRATION IS BASED ON THE AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES; ARBITRATORS ARE GENERALLY APPOINTED BY THE PARTIES THEMSELVES; THE ARBITRATION IS CONFIDENTIAL; THE DECISION OF THE ARBITRATORS IS FINAL AND SUBJECT TO APPEAL. ALL THESE CHARACTERISTICS ARE NOT TYPICAL FOR THE INSTITUTION OF BANKRUPTCY. BANKRUPTCY CASES ARE CONSIDERED BY THE STATE COURT, ASSUME THE CREDITORS' COLLECTIVE PARTICIPATION IN THE CASE AND THEIR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS. THE CROSSING OF SO DIFFERENT LEGAL INSTITUTIONS, MUCH LACKING GENERAL LEGAL PRINCIPLES, GENERATES A LARGE NUMBER OF COMPLEX LEGAL PROBLEMS IN PRACTICE. SOME OF THEM WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THIS ARTICLE: THE LEGAL EFFECT OF THE BANKRUPTCY OF ONE OF THE PARTIES TO THE DISPUTE ON THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT AND ON THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE ARBITRATION AWARD.
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Vasudevan, Jaya. "Harmonizing Commercial and Investment Arbitration: Conflict Dynamics." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 12, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 283–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v12i2.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article provides an independent analysis of the scope and extent of arbitration under investment agreements, and the implications of the possible convergence in the process of harmonization of international commercial arbitration law.The successful settlement of any dispute depends on the compatibility of the nature of the dispute with the technique to which it is submitted for resolution. In the last decade, there was a constant increase in the number of disputes that were subjected to arbitration and a major chunk of those disputes covered a comparatively new but known area called international investment law. With economic globalization allowing the free flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in and out of a country, the existing regulatory framework in international law to standardize investment liberalization is often seen as ineffective, hence the consequent disputes. Here, arbitration offers a suitable framework for the amicable settlement of commercial disputes covering investment agreements with the assistance of bilateral or multilateral agreements between the states. Preferential trade agreements pertaining to investment often contain an arbitration clause for the settlement of future disputes between parties. At this juncture, one may find that there exists a fundamental dilemma in ascertaining the true nature of investment arbitration and how it is different from commercial arbitration. For example, the protection being offered to human rights under the purview of investment arbitration may generate doubts in the minds of investment arbitrators. In commercial arbitration, divergences in a pluralistic order become particularly relevant whereas the diverse legal cultures supported by individual constitutional frameworks have a direct impact on investment arbitration due to their practical application. The article also discusses the need for harmonized rules governing arbitration procedures while maintaining the functional dissimilarities between commercial and investment arbitration.