Статті в журналах: "Aqueous Organogel"

1

Giuri, Demetra, Nicola Zanna, and Claudia Tomasini. "Low Molecular Weight Gelators Based on Functionalized l-Dopa Promote Organogels Formation." Gels 5, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels5020027.

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We prepared the small pseudopeptide Lau-l-Dopa(OBn)2-d-Oxd-OBn (Lau = lauric acid; l-Dopa = l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; d-Oxd = (4R,5S)-4-methyl-5-carboxyl-oxazolidin-2-one; Bn = benzyl) through a number of coupling reactions between lauric acid, protected l-Dopa and d-Oxd with an excellent overall yield. The ability of the product to form supramolecular organogels has been tested with different organic solvents of increasing polarity and compared with the results obtained with the small pseudopeptide Fmoc-l-Dopa(OBn)2-d-Oxd-OBn. The mechanical and rheological properties of the organogels demonstrated solvent-dependent properties, with a storage modulus of 82 kPa for the ethanol organogel. Finally, to have a preliminary test of the organogels’ ability to adsorb pollutants, we treated a sample of the ethanol organogel with an aqueous solution of Rhodamine B (RhB) for 24 h. The water solution slowly lost its pink color, which became trapped in the organogel.

2

Patel, A. R., B. Mankoč, M. D. Bin Sintang, A. Lesaffer, and K. Dewettinck. "Fumed silica-based organogels and ‘aqueous-organic’ bigels." RSC Advances 5, no. 13 (2015): 9703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15437a.

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We report the use of fumed silica as a structurant for creating an organogel with a triglyceride solvent (vegetable oil) as the continuous phase. The organogel was further used to prepare aqueous-organic bigels.

3

Karole, Sarita, Akash Sagar, Anup K. Chakraborty, and Kavita R. Loksh. "Formulation, development and characterization of topical organogel of mometasone furoate for the treatment of skin disease." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.009.

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Topical glucocorticoid formulations are widely used for effective treatment and control of a variety of dermatoses. Mometasone furoate is a medium potency, synthetic, non-fluorinated topical corticosteroid, indicated for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses including psoriasis. The percutaneous absorption increases risk associated with systemic absorption of topically applied formulation. Controlled release of the drug to the skin could reduce the side effects while reducing percutaneous absorption. Organogels are semi-solid materials, in which an organic phase is immobilized by a three-dimensional network composed of self-organized system, forming the aqueous phase. The present study deals with the preparation and evaluation of a pluronic lecithin organogel gel containing mometasone furoate for transdermal delivery. Blank pluronic lecithin organogel were prepared using ricinoleic acid as the oil phase. Formulation, Development and Characterization of Topical Organogel of Mometasone Furoate was carried out and evaluated for the treatment of Skin Disease. The absorption maxima of mometasone furoate were determined by running the spectrum of drug solution in double beam ultraviolet spectrophotometer (Labindia UV 3000+) using concentration range of 5-25μg/ml mometasone furoate in 7.4 phosphate buffers. The IR spectrum of sample drug and drug with excipients shows the peak values which are characteristics of the drug. The formulated gel formulation was evaluated with parameter appearance, consistency, drug content pH, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro release test, washability, extrudability study and stability studies. FT-IR studies revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients. Selected organogels (F3) showed a drug content of 99.45±0.14% and drug release of 99.12 % in10 hrs. The results suggest that the developed organogels formulation containing mometasone furoate can be of actual value for improving the clinical effectiveness in the treatment of psoriasis.

4

Razaq, Duaa, Masar Basim Mohsin Mohamed, and Lina A. Dahabiyeh. "Formulation and Characterization of Curcumin 12-Hydroxystearic Acid in Triacetin Organogel for Topical Administration." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 2 (April 8, 2024): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v24i2.1011.

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Background: Curcumin (CUR) and its derivatives have shown a wide variety of biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial and antiparasitic effects as well as for the treatment of skin diseases. Due to its physico-chemical limitations such as low aqueous solubility and low bioavailability, we developed curcumin organogel as a topical delivery system to overcome those limitations. The12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) is well known as a low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) capable of gelling an organic liquid phase. Different concentrations of (12-HSA) in triacetin with 50 mg CUR were gelled and applied for various examinations: tabletop rheology, oil binding capacity, pH measurement, spreadability, in vitro drug release, antibacterial activity and oscillatory rheology studies. The results revealed that the organogels transition temperatures from solid to liquid were greater than the normal body temperature, this helped the organogels keep their shape; they had good spreadability,and the organogels pH levels were within the safe range for the skin . In vitro release data showed that 4% 12HSA+5%CUR +TA (4TA) gave us 100% release after 6 hours. The selected 4TA illustrated good viscoelastic properties in the amplitude sweep test and a frequency-independent as seen in the frequency sweep test. CUR has good antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyrogen, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli, which prevail at the site of wound injury as this pointed out that 4TA organogel can be used for topical wound healing.

5

Воронова (Voronova), Марина (Marina) Игоревна (Igorevna), Олег (Oleg) Валентинович (Valentinovich) Суров (Surov), Наталья (Natal'ya) Викторовна (Viktorovna) Рублева (Rubleva), Наталья (Natal'ya) Евгеньевна (Evgenievna) Кочкина (Kochkina), and Анатолий (Anatoliy) Георгиевич (Georgievich) Захаров (Zakharov). "DISPERSIBILITY OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019014240.

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Aqueous suspensions of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis using the standard procedure. Suspensions, films and airgel of NCC were characterized by various methods: the degree of polymerization was determined, elemental analysis was carried out, the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size were calculated on the basis of X-ray data, the morphology of NCC aerogels was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The particle size of the NCC was determined using a transmission electron microscope, a scanning atomic-force microscope and the method of dynamic light scattering. NFC hydrosols with different pH were used to prepare lyophilized NCC samples. From NCC hydrosols with pH 2.2, by gradual replacement of water with an organic solvent, NCC organogels with acetone, acetonitrile and ethanol were obtained. The process of dispersion of lyophilized NCC and NCC organogels (acetone, acetonitrile and ethanol) in water and in 11 organic solvents was investigated. The effect of the pH of the initial aqueous suspension of the NCC and the solvent forming the NCC organogel on the repeated dispersibility of the NCC is shown. The optimum pH value of the initial aqueous suspension of NCC was determined, which determines the maximum dispersibility of the lyophilized samples in each specific solvent. It was shown that dispersion of acetone, acetonitrile and ethanol organogels in most of the solvents studied occurs with the formation of particles less than 100 nm.

6

Ma, Yao, Massimo Cametti, Zoran Džolić, and Shimei Jiang. "Selective Cu(ii) sensing by a versatile AIE cyanostilbene-based gel system." Soft Matter 15, no. 30 (2019): 6145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00955h.

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Pyridyl-oxalamido-cyanostilbene 1 is a versatile ambidextrous gelator forming organo-, hydro-, and Cu(ii) specific metallogels. A rare organogel-to-metallogel transformation was also observed upon exposure of 1-DMSO/H₂O gel to aqueous Cu(ii).

7

Mehta, Chetna, Ganesh Bhatt, and Preeti Kothiyal. "A Review on organogel for skin aging." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 03 (September 30, 2016): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.3.5.

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Skin aging is one of the prominent problems associated with skin as each part of body ages with the time, skin is the external organ where the sign and symptoms of aging are readily evident. However cosmetics as well as pharmaceutical approaches delayed skin aging. Gel are best fitted in all these essential criteria because of their excellent appearance, smoothness, desired consistency, fast drug release, ease of manufacturing and quality assessment and admirable stability. Recently gel formulation have been modified to yield an advance drug delivery system known as ―organogels‖. Gel define as a semi-solid preparation having an external solvent phase, apolar [organogel] or polar [hydrogel] immobilized within the space available of a three dimensional network structure. Lecithin is a natural surfactant isolated from eggs or soya bean, when it combined with water and non-polar solvent, it form gels. PLO gels have gained importance in recent years as transdermal drug delivery system. It is a thermodynamically stable, visco-elastic system, which is non-irritating, odorless and biodegradable. Pluronic F127 or poloxamer is a copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene which forms a thermoreversible gel in concentrations between 15-30%w/v. Water plays the role of a structure-forming agent and stabilizes the process of gel formation as it solubilizes the pluronic and other hydrophilic drugs. PLO gel system facilitates the delivery of hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs owing to the presence of both oil and aqueous phases within the gel system.

8

Bonifazi, Evelyn L., Valeria C. Edelsztein, Guillermo O. Menéndez, Cecilia Samaniego López, Carla C. Spagnuolo, and Pablo H. Di Chenna. "Versatile Supramolecular Organogel with Outstanding Stability toward Aqueous Interfaces." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 12 (June 12, 2014): 8933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am5010656.

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9

Nii, S., S. Okumura, T. Kinoshita, Y. Ishigaki, K. Nakano, K. Yamaguchi, and S. Akita. "Extractant-impregnated organogel for capturing heavy metals from aqueous solutions." Separation and Purification Technology 73, no. 2 (June 18, 2010): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2010.04.009.

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10

Murdan, S. "Interaction of a nonionic surfactant-based organogel with aqueous media." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 180, no. 2 (April 15, 1999): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00007-1.

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11

Jatav, Mahendra Prasad, and Suman Ramteke. "Formulation and evaluation of lecithin organogel for treatment of arthritis." International Journal of Scientific World 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v3i2.5028.

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Background: Arthritis is a disease of the joint that involves inflammation of one or more joints. Topical administration of NSAIDs could deliver lornoxicam to the site of action in rheumatic diseases, which would reduce the gastrointestinal complications and side effects of the drug.Methods: In this method, the oily phase was prepared by dispersing the specific amount (ratio; 40:60) of purified lecithin at room temperature in isopropyl myristate as dispersing and emulsifying agent. The aqueous phase of polypropylene was prepared by dispersing a weighed amount of polypropylene and glycerol in water. It was stored at 2-4 oC overnight for the effective dissolution. The aqueous phase was slowly added in oily phase with stirring at 400 rpm using a mechanical stirrer. The prepared organogel of lornoxicam were evaluated for its appearance, organoleptic characteristic, viscosity, gelation temperature, drug content and in vitro release study. In vivo evaluation for analgesic activity of formulation was carried out in terms of skin irritation study, hot plate method; writhing test and edema paw induce method.Results: The drug content of organogel formulations was found in the range of 92.43±2.10-97.93±0.31% indicating uniform distribution of drug through the base and no interaction of drug with component of base. Posthoc Dunnet’s t-test by employing statistical software, GraphPad InStat 3. It’s shown differences between groups were considered significant at P < 0.05.Conclusion: The transdermal organogel formulation of lornoxicam could provide significant anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic activity when applied topically and was observed to be functional for topical delivery of lornoxicam.

12

Porpora, Francesca, Luigi Dei, Teresa T. Duncan, Fedora Olivadese, Shae London, Barbara H. Berrie, Richard G. Weiss, and Emiliano Carretti. "Non-Aqueous Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Organogel Sponges for Controlled Solvent Release: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Cleaning of Artworks." Gels 9, no. 12 (December 15, 2023): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9120985.

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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) organogel sponges were prepared and studied in order to understand the role of pore size in an elastomeric network on the ability to uptake and release organic solvents. PDMS organogel sponges have been produced according to sugar leaching techniques by adding two sugar templates of different forms and grain sizes (a sugar cube template and a powdered sugar template), in order to obtain materials differing in porosity, pore size distribution, and solvent absorption and liquid retention capability. These materials were compared to PDMS organogel slabs that do not contain pores. The sponges were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and compared with PDMS slabs that do not contain pores. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided information about their morphology. X-ray micro-tomography (XMT) allowed us to ascertain how the form of the sugar templating agent influences the porosity of the systems: when templated with sugar cubes, the porosity was 77% and the mean size of the pores was ca. 300 μm; when templated with powdered sugar, the porosity decreased to ca. 10% and the mean pore size was reduced to ca. 75 μm. These materials, porous organic polymers (POPs), can absorb many solvents in different proportions as a function of their polarity. Absorption capacity, as measured by swelling with eight solvents covering a wide range of polarities, was investigated. Rheology data established that solvent absorption did not have an appreciable impact on the gel-like properties of the sponges, suggesting their potential for applications in cultural heritage conservation. Application tests were conducted on the surfaces of two different lab mock-ups that simulate real painted works of art. They demonstrated further that PDMS sponges are a potential innovative support for controlled and selective cleaning of works of art surfaces.

13

Herzog, Grégoire, Shane O'Sullivan, Jonathan S. Ellis, and Damien W. M. Arrigan. "Sensing via Voltammetric Ion-Transfer at an Aqueous-Organogel Micro-Interface Array." Sensor Letters 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2011.1601.

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14

Scanlon, Micheál D., Jörg Strutwolf, and Damien W. M. Arrigan. "Voltammetric behaviour of biological macromolecules at arrays of aqueous|organogel micro-interfaces." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 12, no. 34 (2010): 10040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c003323e.

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15

Nair, Sayantani Nair, Ajith Nair, Arijit Bag, Pradip Kumar Ghorai, and Raja Shunmugam. "Engineering photo cross-linked porous network for efficient and selective removal of toxicants from wastewater." MOJ Current Research & Reviews 2, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojcrr.2019.02.00058.

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This article delineates the UV curable synthesis of an organogel based on thiol-norbornene click chemistry. Characterisations of the material are accomplished by standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Rheological measurements suggest the presence of elasticity, which is one of the characteristic features of a gel system. The organogel is found to be mechanically and thermally stable. In particular, the gel shows excellent efficiency towards the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous phase. Additionally, the adsorption results fit with pseudo second order kinetics as well as Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with good correlation. DFT calculations suggest the favourable interaction energy between the dyes and the gel as the defining parameter for the selective uptake of cationic dyes by the gel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report unfolding the excellent efficiency of norbornene based photo cross-linked network towards removal of toxic dyes that are regularly discharged from textile and paint industries. Further, minimum water uptake during dye removal process keeps maximum amount of water available for future usage thereby making it an inexpensive material that has potential applications in toxic organic dye containing wastewater treatment.

16

Kirilov, P., S. Rum, E. Gilbert, L. Roussel, D. Salmon, R. Abdayem, C. Serre, et al. "Aqueous dispersions of organogel nanoparticles - potential systems for cosmetic and dermo-cosmetic applications." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 36, no. 4 (May 16, 2014): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12131.

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17

Booth, Samuel G., Bren Mark B. Felisilda, Eva Alvarez de Eulate, Ove J. R. Gustafsson, Mahreen Arooj, Ricardo L. Mancera, Robert A. W. Dryfe, Mark J. Hackett, and Damien W. M. Arrigan. "Secondary Structural Changes in Proteins as a Result of Electroadsorption at Aqueous–Organogel Interfaces." Langmuir 35, no. 17 (April 8, 2019): 5821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04227.

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18

Sedinkin, Sergey L., Yeongseo An, Pranjali Naik, Igor I. Slowing, and Vincenzo Venditti. "An organogel library for solution NMR analysis of nanoparticle suspensions in non-aqueous samples." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 321 (December 2020): 106874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106874.

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19

Kowalczuk, Joanna, Andrzej Łapiński, Elżbieta Stolarczyk, Oleg M. Demchuk, Konrad Kubiński, Monika Janeczko, Aleksandra Martyna, Maciej Masłyk, and Sylwia Turczyniak-Surdacka. "New Supramolecular Drug Carriers: The Study of Organogel Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 7462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247462.

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An aqueous solution of sodium citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in the presence of N-lauroyl-L-alanine (C12ALA) forms a stable gel. The structure of the gel and the distribution profile of AuNP in it were analyzed. Will nanoparticles separated from each other with sodium citrate behave in the same way in solution and trapped in the gel matrix? Will the spatial limitation of solvent molecules aggregate nanoparticles and destroy their homogeneity? These questions are very important from the point of view of the use of gold nanoparticles, trapped in the gel structure as carriers of drugs in the slow-release process. The lack of homogeneity of this distribution will have a major impact on the rate of release of the appropriate amount of therapeutic drug from the matrix. In this work, we attempt to answer these questions. The performed biological assays revealed that both C12ALA and C12ALA-AuNP show an excellent level of biological neutrality. They might be used as a transporting medium for a drug delivery without affecting the drug’s activity.

20

Marui, Yasuhiro, Akira Kikuzawa, Toshiyuki Kida, and Mitsuru Akashi. "Unique Organogel Formation with Macroporous Materials Constructed by the Freeze−Drying of Aqueous Cyclodextrin Solutions." Langmuir 26, no. 13 (July 6, 2010): 11441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la1009434.

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21

Tao, Zhi-Gang, Xin Zhao, Xi-Kui Jiang, and Zhan-Ting Li. "A hexaazatriphenylene-based organogel that responds to silver(I) with high selectivity under aqueous condition." Tetrahedron Letters 53, no. 14 (April 2012): 1840–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.137.

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22

O’Sullivan, Shane, and Damien W. M. Arrigan. "Impact of a Surfactant on the Electroactivity of Proteins at an Aqueous–Organogel Microinterface Array." Analytical Chemistry 85, no. 3 (January 17, 2013): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac302222u.

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23

Wei, Tai-Bao, Qi Zhao, Zhao-Hui Li, Xin-Yu Dai, Yan-Bing Niu, Hong Yao, You-Ming Zhang, Wen-Juan Qu, and Qi Lin. "Supramolecular organogel with aggregation-induced emission for ultrasensitive detection and effective removal of Cu2+ and Hg2+ from aqueous solution." Dyes and Pigments 192 (August 2021): 109436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109436.

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24

Lin, Shumiao, Qianqian Zhang, Ziheng Wang, and Jinlong Li. "Novel Hybrid Gel–Fiber Membranes as Carriers for Lipase Catalysis Based on Electrospinning and Gelation Technology." Gels 10, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10010074.

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An excellent oil–water interface is one of the prerequisites for effective lipase catalysis. Therefore, this study aimed to improve lipase activity in terms of catalytic interface optimization. A novel approach for constructing oil–water interfaces was proposed. The structural similarity and the hydrophilic differences between polyvinyl pyrrolidone gel–fiber membranes (GFMs) and poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) organogel inspired us to hybridize the two to form PVP/PLMA hybrid gel–fiber membranes (HGFMs) based on electrospinning and gelation. The prepared PVP/PLMA-HGFMs were capable of being adopted as novel carriers for lipase catalysis due to their ability to swell both in the aqueous phase (swelling ratio = 187.5%) and the organic phase (swelling ratio = 40.5%). Additionally, Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results showed that abundant network pores inside the carriers enabled numerous effective microscopic oil–water interfaces. The catalytic activity of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL) in PVP/PLMA-HGFMs ranged between 1.21 and 8.70 times that of the control (“oil-up/water-down” system) under different experimental conditions. Meanwhile, PVP/PLMA-HGFMs increased lipase activity by about eight times at −20 °C and had good application characteristics at extreme pH conditions.

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Chen, Fang, Jiaying Liao, Junru Wang, Xiaodong He, Xiang Ding, Qiao Hu, Fei Chen, et al. "Introducing a cell moisturizer: organogel nano-beads with rapid response to electrolytes for Prussian white analogue based non-aqueous potassium ion battery." Chemical Communications 56, no. 67 (2020): 9719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03646c.

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26

Ganesan, Vellaichamy, Elena Madrid, Richard Malpass-Evans, Mariolino Carta, Neil B. McKeown, and Frank Marken. "Biphasic Voltammetry and Spectroelectrochemistry in Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity—4-(3-Phenylpropyl)-Pyridine Organogel/Aqueous Electrolyte Systems: Reactivity of MnPc Versus MnTPP." Electrocatalysis 10, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12678-018-0497-8.

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27

Sun, Yuchun, and Julia R. Greer. "Micro-Architected Lithium Cobalt Oxide Electrodes Via Hydrogel Infusion Additive Manufacturing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (August 28, 2023): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012541mtgabs.

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Additive manufacturing frees up the structural design of battery electrode materials from traditional slurry electrodes, enabling three-dimensional free-standing structures with micro-architected features, which provides a promising pathway toward 3D solid-state batteries with high power and high energy density. In this work, lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) is fabricated into 3D micro-lattice through a novel hydrogel infusion additive manufacturing (HIAM) process. A blank 3D architected organogel is fabricated through photopolymerization-based 3D printing and soaked in water to form a blank hydrogel micro-lattice, where lithium and cobalt ions in an aqueous solution are then swelled into the hydrogel. A free-standing LCO micro-lattice is synthesized from the ion-containing hydrogel during the post-printing calcination process. 50 μm beam diameter is obtained, giving a crucial lithium-ion diffusion length of 25 μm into LCO lattice beams. Structural, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the LCO microlattice are investigated. HIAM technique utilizes photopolymerization of a UV-curable photoresin to create 3D structures with well-controlled form factors. Compared to traditional extrusion-based additive manufacturing techniques, photopolymerization stands out for its ability to fabricate materials with higher resolution. The main challenge with photopolymerization to fabricate non-polymeric functional materials is the complex photoresin design. A standard approach is to introduce active material nanoparticles into the photoresin, which often sacrifices print resolution due to the presence of light-scattering nanoparticles. HIAM technique overcomes the difficulties during the resin design by using a single photoresin to fabricate a large variety of functional materials. Without presence of nanoparticles, even higher resolution can be achieved. With this technique, LCO cathodes can be flexibly architected into 3D geometries for optimization of their electrochemical performance. It also enables the fabrication of various electrode materials into 3D structures with well-controlled form factors, and their incorporation into customizable batteries and microbatteries of any shape.

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Mohd Hirmizi, N. H., M. Abu Bakar, W. L. Tan, N. H. H. Abu Bakar, J. Ismail, and C. H. See. "Electrical and Thermal Behavior of Copper-Epoxy Nanocomposites Prepared via Aqueous to Organic Phase Transfer Technique." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/219073.

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The preparation, electrical, and thermal behaviors of copper-epoxy nanocomposites are described. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide- (CTAB-) stabilized copper (Cu) particles were synthesized via phase transfer technique. Isopropanol (IPA), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and toluene solution of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were used as transferring, reducing agent, and the organic phase, respectively. The UV-Vis absorbance spectra of all the sols prepared indicate that the presence of Cu particles with the particles transfer efficiency is ≥97%. The amount, size, and size distribution of particles in the organosol were dependent on the content of organic solute in the organosol. The composites were obtained upon drying the organosols and these were then subjected to further studies on the curing, thermal, and electrical characteristic. The presence of Cu fillers does not significantly affect the completeness of the composite curing process and only slightly reduce the thermal stability of the composites that is >300°C. The highest conductivity value of the composites obtained is3.06×10-2 S cm-1.

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Machunsky, Stefanie, and Urs Alexander Peuker. "Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Transport of Nanoparticles." Physical Separation in Science and Engineering 2007 (January 8, 2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/34832.

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The study presents the transfer of nanoparticles from the aqueous phase to the second nonmiscible nonaqueous liquid phase. The transfer is based on the sedimentation of the dispersed particles through a liquid-liquid interface. First, the colloidal aqueous dispersion is destabilised to flocculate the particles. The agglomeration is reversible and the flocs are large enough to sediment in a centrifugal field. The aqueous dispersion is laminated above the receiving organic liquid phase. When the particles start to penetrate into the liquid-liquid interface, the particle surface is covered with the stabilising surfactant. The sorption of the surfactant onto the surface of the primary particles leads to the disintegration of the flocs. This phase transfer process allows for a very low surfactant concentration within the receiving organic liquid, which is important for further application, that is, synthesis for polymer-nanocomposite materials. Furthermore, the phase transfer of the nanoparticles shows a high efficiency up to 100% yield. The particle size within the organosol corresponds to the primary particle size of the nanoparticles.

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Peña-López, Miguel, Luis A. Sarandeses, and José Pérez Sestelo. "Organogold(I) Phosphanes in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2013, no. 13 (March 15, 2013): 2545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201201720.

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Biribicchi, Chiara, Laura Giuliani, Andrea Macchia, and Gabriele Favero. "Organogels for Low-Polar Organic Solvents: Potential Applications on Cultural Heritage Materials." Sustainability 15, no. 23 (November 25, 2023): 16305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316305.

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Traditional cleaning methods for removing undesired substances from artworks often involve the use of toxic volatile solvents, raising concerns about human health and environmental impact. Over time, various cleaning systems, such as thickeners, rigid, peelable, and nanostructured gels, have been introduced in the conservation sector to minimize solvent use and toxicity. However, these methods are primarily tailored for aqueous solutions or medium-to-high-polar solvents, leaving sustainable organogels for low-polar solvents largely unexplored. This paper explores the application of Low-Molecular-Weight Gelators (LMWGs) in the field of cultural heritage conservation, focusing on their potential to gel low-polar organic solvents. LMWGs, including cholesterol derivatives, fatty acid-derived compounds, anthryl, anthraquinone, amino acid, and saccharide-based organogelators, offer biocompatible and cost-effective options by forming supramolecular gels that immobilize solvents and reduce their release into the environment. This study highlights the need to transition from traditional, often toxic, solvents to greener and more sustainable cleaning systems by emphasizing LMWGs’ biodegradability, biocompatibility, and sustainability. While challenges such as optimizing gel properties and ensuring compatibility with artwork surfaces still need to be addressed, LMWGs hold promise as organogelators in conservation practice. Further research into LMWGs should focus on their optimization for conservation applications by adjusting their rheological properties and physico-chemical stability.

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Sar, Pintu, Saswati Ghosh Roy, Priyadarsi De, and Sipra Ghosh. "Synthesis of Glutamic Acid Derived Organogels and their Applications in Dye Removal from Aqueous Medium." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 305, no. 4 (April 2020): 1900809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201900809.

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Varshosaz, J., S. Andalib, M. Tabbakhian, and N. Ebrahimzadeh. "Development of Lecithin Nanoemulsion Based Organogels for Permeation Enhancement of Metoprolol through Rat Skin." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/139437.

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Background. Drugs with low oral bioavailability due to the first pass metabolism are good candidates for transdermal delivery.Objectives.The aim of this work was preparation of transdermal nanoemulsion of metoprolol which has high first pass metabolism.Methods. Three commercially available types of lecithin (200, 100p, and 170), three short chain alcohol (n-butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and n-propanol), and isopropyl myristate (IPM) were used as surfactant, cosurfactant, and oil phase, respectively. The aqueous phase was composed of metoprolol tartrate. Nanoemulsions with different surfactant/cosurfactant weight ratio, various amounts of drug, and different types of alcohol were prepared, and their phase diagrams were studied. Drug release, permeability, and diffusion coefficient of the drug were studied using hairless rat skin.Results. A significant increase in drug solution rate was observed with increasing the metoprolol content in the nanoemulsions, while it decreased when lecithin concentration increased from 40% to 60%. Increasing the water content resulted in a significant increase in metoprolol release. N-butanol enhanced the drug flux from nanoemulsions more than n-propanol and isopropyl alcohol. The o/w nanoemulsions of metoprolol showed high flux and permeability through the skin.Conclusion. Both w/o and o/w nanoemulsions of metoprolol could enhance permeation and diffusion of metoprolol through rat skin.

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Pena-Lopez, Miguel, Luis A. Sarandeses, and Jose Perez Sestelo. "ChemInform Abstract: Organogold(I) Phosphanes in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media." ChemInform 44, no. 38 (August 30, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201338079.

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Esposito, Elisabetta, Markus Drechsler, Carmelo Puglia, and Rita Cortesi. "New Strategies for the Delivery of Some Natural Anti-oxidants with Therapeutic Properties." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 13 (August 21, 2019): 1030–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557519666190228160242.

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Nature offers tremendous potential in the medicine field. Natural antioxidant molecules inhibit or quench free radical reactions and delay or inhibit cellular damage. In the last few years, researchers have been focusing on the health benefits of natural products. Particularly some dietary nutrients, such as curcumin, crocin, resveratrol, quercetin, coenzyme Q10, vitamin C, as well as some polysaccharides have been evaluated for their numerous and unique therapeutic properties. This review focuses on examples of pharmaceutical applications of natural anti-oxidants, with special regards to their encapsulation in micro- and nano- delivery systems. In vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to investigate the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of different delivery systems containing antioxidant molecules. For instance, ethosomes, organogels, monoolein aqueous dispersions and solid lipid nanoparticle have been considered. It was found that micro and nanoencapsulation strategy can improve the solubility of lipophilic molecules and the chemical stability of labile antioxidants, thus prolonging their efficacy. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted that antioxidant encapsulation prolongs release kinetics, bioavailability and antioxidant effects. Noticeably, some encapsulated antioxidants effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation, cell migration and colony formation, thus suppressing cancer progression.

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Vigato, Aryane A., Ian P. Machado, Matheus del Valle, Patricia A. da Ana, Anderson F. Sepulveda, Fabiano Yokaichiya, Margareth K. K. D. Franco, et al. "Monoketonic Curcuminoid-Lidocaine Co-Deliver Using Thermosensitive Organogels: From Drug Synthesis to Epidermis Structural Studies." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020293.

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Organogels (ORGs) are remarkable matrices due to their versatile chemical composition and straightforward preparation. This study proposes the development of ORGs as dual drug-carrier systems, considering the application of synthetic monoketonic curcuminoid (m-CUR) and lidocaine (LDC) to treat topical inflammatory lesions. The monoketone curcuminoid (m-CUR) was synthesized by using an innovative method via a NbCl5–acid catalysis. ORGs were prepared by associating an aqueous phase composed of Pluronic F127 and LDC hydrochloride with an organic phase comprising isopropyl myristate (IPM), soy lecithin (LEC), and the synthesized m-CUR. Physicochemical characterization was performed to evaluate the influence of the organic phase on the ORGs supramolecular organization, permeation profiles, cytotoxicity, and epidermis structural characteristics. The physico-chemical properties of the ORGs were shown to be strongly dependent on the oil phase constitution. Results revealed that the incorporation of LEC and m-CUR shifted the sol-gel transition temperature, and that the addition of LDC enhanced the rheological G′/G″ ratio to higher values compared to original ORGs. Consequently, highly structured gels lead to gradual and controlled LDC permeation profiles from the ORG formulations. Porcine ear skin epidermis was treated with ORGs and evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where the stratum corneum lipids were shown to transition from a hexagonal to a liquid crystal phase. Quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis revealed that LEC and m-CUR additives modify skin structuring. Data from this study pointed ORGs as promising formulations for skin-delivery.

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Sharma, Pooja, Anji Chen, Dan Wang та Guijun Wang. "Synthesis and Self-Assembling Properties of Peracetylated β-1-Triazolyl Alkyl D-Glucosides and D-Galactosides". Chemistry 3, № 3 (28 серпня 2021): 935–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry3030068.

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Carbohydrate-based low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) are useful classes of compounds due to their numerous applications. Among sugar-based LMWGs, certain peracetylated sugar beta-triazole derivatives were found to be effective organogelators and showed interesting self-assembling properties. To further understand the structural influence towards molecular assemblies and obtain new functional materials with interesting properties, we designed and synthesized a library of tetraacetyl beta-1-triazolyl alkyl-D-glucosides and D-galactosides, in which a two or three carbon spacer is inserted between the anomeric position and the triazole moiety. A series of 16 glucose derivatives and 14 galactose derivatives were synthesized and analyzed. The self-assembling properties of these new triazole containing glycoconjugates in different solvents were analyzed. Several glucose derivatives were found to be effective LMWGs, with compound 7a forming gels in a variety of organic solvents as well as in the presence of metal ions in aqueous solutions. The organogels formed by several compounds were characterized using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis spectroscopy, etc. The co-gels formed by compound 7a with the Fmoc derivative 7i showed interesting fluorescence enhancement upon gelation. Several gelators were also characterized using powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy. The potential applications of these sugar-based gelators for drug delivery and dye removal were also studied.

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Tarasov, Aleksey, and Natalia Zavorokhina. "Modeling Functional Whey Drinks with High Antioxidant Activity Using Potentiometric Sensor Systems." Food Industry 8, no. 2 (June 23, 2023): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2023-8-2-3.

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The functional products development of mass consumption is an important state task and an element of legislative support for state policy in the field of functional and specialized food production in the Russian Federation. The study aim is to prototype whey drinks with a given antioxidant activity developed using potentiometric sensor systems. The authors used a preference field with specified criteria, such as antioxidant activity, organoleptic parameters and cost, and scored each criterion from 5.0 to 1.0. The manuscript presents the expert evaluation results of aqueous infusions of pharmacopoeial medicinal and tech nical raw materials according to the specified criteria, the samples formulation of whey drinks with high antioxidant activity, its physico-chemical parameters and the organolep tic evaluation results. The applicability coefficient for prototyping whey drinks based on sugar and sucralose was 4.83 at preset 4.5 value. A man formed descriptors panel; de termined its intensity; constructed the flavor profile of the developed whey drinks with high antioxidant activity; studied the antioxidant activity dynamics during storage using the developed sensor potentiometric system Pt/AK relative to O/Ag/AK. Based on the study results in accordance with TR CU 033/2013, the researchers identified regulated indicators and storage modes: temperature (4 ± 2) °C, humidity – no more than 75 %, shelf life – no more than 30 days; after opening the package – temperature of (4 ± 2) °C – no more than 1 day. A man developed gentle technology to preserve valuable biological ly active substances by introducing liquid nitrogen into PET containers. The antioxidant activity of the developed whey drinks was 85.1 % of the antioxidant activity of 90 mg of ascorbic acid ((9.98 ± 0.3) mmol-eq/dm3 ).

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Schetter, Bernd, and Bernd Speiser. "Erratum to “Reaction of ferrocenecarboxylic acid with N,N′-disubstituted carbodiimides: synthesis, spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis of N,N′-disubstituted N-ferrocenoylureas and identification of a one-pot coupling reagent for the formation of ferrocenecarboxamides in a non-aqueous solvent” [J. Organomet. Chem. 689 (2004) 1472–1480]." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 689, no. 16 (August 2004): 2743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.05.002.

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Yadav, Abhishek, Vikas Jhawat, Rahul Pratap Singh, Sunita Chauhan, Rohit Dutt, Rajesh Goyal, and Deependra Singh. "Development and In vitro Assessment of Topical Microemulsion Based Pluronic-Lecithin Organogel for the Management of Arthritic Pain." Micro and Nanosystems 16 (January 26, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118764029280588231215044630.

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Background: Topical delivery of NSAIDs through organogels might transport lornoxicam to the site of action, minimizing gastrointestinal problems and adverse effects. Methods: In the current investigation, a lecithin organogel containing lornoxicam was made by microemulsion method. For this purpose, a certain amount of pure soya lecithin was dispersed in suitable isopropyl myristate as a dispersant and emulsifier at room temperature to form the oily phase. The lecithin was completely dissolved in the combination by the next morning. Sorbic acid was then added to the mixture as a preservative, Pluronic F-127 and potassium sorbate were weighed out, and then they were mixed with cold water to create an aqueous phase, and menthol was added. On the next morning, lornoxicam, the active component, became soluble in polyethylene glycol-400 and combined with the lecithin isopropyl palmitate mixture. The oily portion was agitated using a mechanical stirrer at 400 rpm while the aqueous phase was introduced gradually. Results: The lornoxicam organogel preparation was it was assessed for its physical appearance, organoleptic characteristics, consistency, gelation temperature, drug content, and in vitro release studies. The active ingredient content of formulation F5 was the highest at 93.33. Formulations F4 and F5 were selected for kinetic studies because they had all physical characteristics under reasonable limits, the active ingredient level was the greatest, and the active ingredient release was the fastest in eight hours. Conclusion: The transdermal organogel formulation of lornoxicam was found to be effective for topical distribution of the drug and when administered topically, it has strong anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic action.

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RAYTTHATHA, NENSI, and JIGAR VYAS. "DEVELOPMENT OF BIGELS CONTAINING ANTIFUNGAL AGENT FOR VAGINAL INFECTION." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, October 1, 2022, 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2022v14i10.45134.

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Objective: Bigels are unique semi-solid preparations that have piqued the focus of numerous scientists owing to their significant advantages over ordinary gels. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize innovative Bigels for applications in drug delivery by combining Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel and sorbitan monostearate, oils like coconut and olive-based organogel. The existence of both aqueous and oil phases as bigel was revealed by microscopy. Methods: Hydrogels and organogels were prepared separately, and bigels were formed by combining hydrogel and organogel in a predetermined ratio. They were then analyzed employing various physicochemical tests i. e in vitro drug release, microscopy, and other techniques. Microscopy, viscosity measurement, mechanical analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to examine the bigel's microstructures and physicochemical properties. Results: Tube inversion tests reveal that the bigel doesn’t flow under its own weight till 167 min. The microscopy suggested that the gels exhibited fiber-like structures due to the trapping of the organogel inside hydrogel molecules; this entrapment was demonstrated to be uniformly accomplished, resulting in formulation stability, and the DSC study reveals that the terbinafine is not decomposed also after formulating in bigel, and the terbinafine bigel was also found to be stable. The drug-loaded gels demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against Candida species. The formulated bigel shows initial release in 2 h and slowly release later in 4 h. The formed bigel is found to be stable after 3 mo with a pH range of 7.07±0.04, showing good spreadability and drug content was 99.99±0.75. Conclusion: Terbinafine, the drug of preference for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, demonstrated diffusion-mediated drug release when placed into bigels. In general, the produced bigels might be employed as delivery vehicles for drugs delivered vaginally.

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Saher Naaz Binfazur Salim Chous, Dr. Mohammad Ismail Mouzam, Quadri Mohammed Soheb Abdul Khalique, and Ansari Vikhar Danish Ahmed. "A Review on Bigel Novel Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, July 9, 2022, 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-5702.

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Bigels are systems that are usually formed by mixing a hydrogel and an organogel: the aqueous phase is generally made of hydrophilic biopolymer through the organic phase comprise of a gelled vegetable oil because of the presence of an organogelator. The quantity of the gelling agent in every phase, the organogel/ hydrogel percentage, and the temperature of mixing and speed of each parameter need to be considered for bigel preparation. Bigels are chiefly beneficial drug delivery systems, which have been prepared for transdermal, buccal, and vaginal routes. Analytical studies and microscopical determination are the most reported characterization techniques. Bigel’s composition and distinguishing structure confer promising drug delivery aspects such as mucoadhesion, the capability to control drug release, and the probability of using both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs in the same system.

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Chauhan, Sunita, Vikas Jhawat, Rahul Singh, Abhishek Yadav, and Vandana Garg. "Design, Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Insulin Loaded Topical Pluronic-Lecithin Based Organogel Formulation for the Management of Diabetic Wound." Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation 18 (January 25, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0126673878279693231227081931.

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Aim: To develop and characterize the topical insulin-loaded organogel formulation for the management of diabetic wounds. Objectives: To formulate and evaluate organogel of insulin that can serve as a topical administration for promoting enhanced wound healing in diabetic patients by providing sustained and localized delivery of drug to the wound site. Methodology: The insulin organogel formulated by the micro-emulsion method involves mixing the “aqueous and oil phases” at high shear. Physical and chemical properties, as well as an in vitro study with a Franz diffusion chamber, were used to evaluate the prepared organogel. Results: All formulations proved to be off-white, homogeneous, washable, and had a pH between 6 and 6.5; moreover, they were non-irritating and skin-compatible. Formulations F1–F6 had viscosity ranging from 2058 to 3168 cps, spreadability ranges of 0.35 to 0.52 g*cm/s, and gel transition ranges of 28.33 to 35.33 °C. In formulations F1–F3, the concentration of lecithin was gradually increased, and in formulations F4–F6, the concentration of PF-127 was increased, resulting in a decrease in gel transition temperature, an increase in viscosity, and a gradual change in spreadability. The higher-viscosity formulations were much more stable and had better drug release. All formulations were fitted to a kinetic model belonging to first-order kinetics. However, after examining the parameter evaluation, it was found that the formulations F2 and F6 were better suited to the kinetic model and were consistent with the first-order and Higuchi models in Korsmeyer-Peppas F2 (r2 = 0.9544 and n = 1.0412); F6 (r2 = 0.9019 and n = 1.0822), which was a confirmation of the sustainability of the release system with matrix diffusion and drug delivery mechanisms that were based on the Super-Case II transport. Conclusion: Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy, optimize the formulation, and establish its long-term safety. Topical insulin organogel has the potential to revolutionize diabetic wound management by improving healing outcomes, reducing complications, and raising the standard of living for those who have diabetes.

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UPADHYAY, CHANDRA PRABHA, and MEENAKSHI BHARKATIYA. "IBUPROFEN LOADED ORGANOGEL: DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, March 7, 2021, 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i2.40108.

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Objective: This study aimed to develop and in vitro characterize an organogel (OG) loaded Ibuprofen. Methods: Organogel (OG) composed of water, isooctane, sorbitan esters, sorbitan monopalmitate (Span-40), and poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate-60) was loaded with Ibuprofen. The partial phase behavior of ibuprofen OG was studied to optimize the formulation composition. 1.0% w/w Ibuprofen loaded OG were characterize for rheological, in vitro release and stability study. Results: Phase diagram showed an isotropic gel region at low water contents, which converted to emulsion on increasing water quantity. The rheological properties of the OG incorporating 1.0% w/w Ibuprofen shows the presence of two Tg’s and elastic behavior of gel, reflects the presence of an entangled network of aqueous tubules. The fractal dimension df value of 2.1 and 2.3 was obtained for the two curves (elastic and storage modulus), which is indicative of the formation of the densest gel structure. The diffusional release exponent (n) was found to be ~0.7 (0.5<n<1), which is indicative of non-Fickian, anomalous diffusion of the drug from the OG. The in vitro drug release exhibited release @ 7.04%/h 0.7/cm2 from the OG. Ibuprofen containing OG was stable for 28 d in terms of chemical potency and gel stiffness at 4 °C and room temperature (~25 °C). Conclusion: The study indicates the potential of OG for improved transdermal delivery of Ibuprofen.

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Kyarikwal, Reena, Ritika Munjal, Probal Nag, Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa, and Suman Mukhopadhyay. "Design and synthesis of hydrophobic mixed organogels with complementary hydrogen-bond donor–acceptor sites: removal of heavy metal ions Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ from aqueous solution." Materials Advances, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ma00300k.

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Bonifazi, Evelyn L., Andrea S. Mac Cormack, Verónica M. Busch, M. Laura Japas, Lorenzo Di Bari, and Pablo H. Di Chenna. "Chiral self-assembly and water effect on a supramolecular organogel stable towards aqueous interfaces." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, August 14, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-021-05550-w.

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S., Deokar, Sadgir Priyanka, Kshirsagar J., Kakulte D., and Patil M. "Tulsi Oil Loaded Biocompatible, Stable Organogel with Improved Physical Stability and Prolonged Activity." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.v6i2.8886.

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Tulsi oil, though reported to be affective against broad spectrum bacteria and fungi the simple conventional gel formulations could not enter the clinical trials due to instability of Tulsi oil. Microbial growth in the formulation, phase separation and incompatibility with aqueous components are the major concerns associated with formulation and development involving Tulsi oil as the active component. In last few decades several studies have been carried out by Indian scientists and researchers to suggest the role of essential oils and Eugenol in therapeutic potentials of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Eugenol is a phenolic compound and major constituent of essential oils extracted from different parts of Tulsi plant. Various workers have tried extract of Ocimum sanctum against some well known fungal etiological agents as Candida albicans. Candidiasis is a very common disease not only in human but also in animals and therefore always has been a challenge to scientist. Overgrowth of several species including albicans can cause superficial infections such as oropharyngealcandidiasis (thrush) and vulvo vaginal candidiasis (vaginal candidiasis). Oral candidiasis is common in elderly denture wearers. In otherwise healthy individuals, these infections can be cured with topical or systemic antifungal medications (commonly over-the-counter antifungal treatments like miconazole or clotrimazole). Ointments, creams, liquid preparations, powders, aerosols, gels are various topical drug delivery systems. A ternary plot depicting proportions of water, Tulsi oil and surfactant mixture with gelator, was prepared to predict the gelling compositions. To figure out the area of ternary plot fulfilling MIC, antifungal susceptibility testing of Tulsi oil was carried out. In- vitro diffusion study was done and percent release was quantified in terms of Eugenol. Further Stability studies were performed. HET- CAM test was carried out to assess biocompatibility. The drug release was found to follow Korsmeyer-peppas model with zero order release pattern which was supported by higher release exponent value, indicating super case II transport systems. The optimized organogel showed shelf life of 54, 42, and 22 days at 40C, 250C, 500C respectively and was found to be biocompatible and physically stable for longer period as compared to conventional Tulsi oil gel formulation. The present study highlights the usefulness of approach selected for study to improve the formulation aspects in terms of physical stability of oily active components.

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Duret, Bérénice, Emile Perez, Sarah Arneodo, Bruno Payré, Céline Picard, and Sophie Franceschi. "Physicochemical study of aqueous dispersions of organogel particles: Role of the ingredients and formulation process leading to colloidal hydrogels." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, January 2023, 130905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130905.

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Yadav, Abhishek, Vikas Jhawat, Rahul Pratap Singh, Sunita Chauhan, Rohit Dutt, Rajesh Goyal, and Deependra Singh. "Technical Considerations, Applications, and Benefits of Organogels in Topical Drug Delivery Systems." Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation 18 (February 21, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0126673878277455240214110033.

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Abstract: Organogels represent semi-solid systems where an organic liquid phase is entrapped within a three-dimensional network formed by self-assembled, crosslinked, or entangled gelator fibers. These versatile materials find applications in a wide range of fields, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology, and food technology. Notably, in pharmacology, they serve as valuable platforms for drug and vaccine delivery, facilitating the transport of active ingredients through various routes such as transdermal, oral, and parenteral. However, their previous utility as drug delivery systems was hindered by the toxicity associated with the organic solvents used. The pharmacokinetics of medications delivered via organogels are primarily influenced by the distinctive properties of these materials, specifically their "high permeability and poor aqueous solubility," which can impact the bioavailability of the drugs. Organogels can be employed topically or for the controlled release of medications through cutaneous administration and percutaneous absorption, expanding their scope of application beyond conventional drug delivery methods. Organogels hold significant promise as drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility, non-irritating properties, and thermoremanent characteristics. They enable the formulation of diverse drug delivery systems by incorporating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive compounds within the gel matrix. This comprehensive review offers an overview of organogels, encompassing their nature, synthesis, characterization, and properties. Special attention is directed towards cutting-edge technologies employed in designing organogels as potential controlled delivery systems, with a focus on their emerging therapeutic applications.

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Gupta, Pranshu K., Ankur Srivastava, and Kalluri V.S. Ranganath. "Gemini surfactant‐stabilized Pd nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application in the reduction and reductive acetylation in the water solvent." Applied Organometallic Chemistry, September 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.7251.

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A series of Gemini surfactants (GSs) were prepared by reacting alkyl bromides with N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl ethylenediamine. Various alkyl bromides used in for the preparation of GSs are 1,3‐dibromo ethane, 1,3‐dibromoethane, 1‐Bromohexane, 1‐Bromooctane, 1‐Bromooctadecane and 1‐Bromooctadodecane. Different solvents and temperatures were investigated for the formation of gels of prepared GSs. Among all, 1‐Bromooctane, 1‐Bromooctadecane‐derived GSs formed organogels. Thus, synthesized long‐chain organogels have been used to stabilize Pd NPs. The Pd NPs formation initially confirmed through Ultraviolet‐visible, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Atomic Force Micrograph studies. Later Fourier Tansform Infra Red, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis, and Zeta potential studies were also carried out to understand their properties extensively. The Pd NPs stabilized by GSs have been identified as a potential catalyst in the reductive N‐acetylation of nitroaromatics at room temperature. The N‐acetylated products were obtained in good yields in an aqueous medium. In addition, the potentiality of our catalyst has been also evaluated in the reduction of nitroaromatics in an aqueous medium, which is a green protocol. Further, the semi‐empirical geometry optimizations of active GS gel confirmed the dihedral angle of 59° in between the two octyl moieties calculated from computational studies. The rheological properties such as amplitude sweeping, viscosity shear profile of the gel have also been studied.

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