Статті в журналах: "Aqueous byproduct"

1

López-Salas, Lucía, Inés Cea, Isabel Borrás-Linares, Tatiana Emanuelli, Paz Robert, Antonio Segura-Carretero, and Jesús Lozano-Sánchez. "Preliminary Investigation of Different Drying Systems to Preserve Hydroxytyrosol and Its Derivatives in Olive Oil Filter Cake Pressurized Liquid Extracts." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061407.

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Phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) could be retained in its byproducts during processing. Among them, hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives deserve special attention due to their health benefits recognized by The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In the present research, the presence of these compounds in the filter cake byproduct was studied by combining pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). The applied optimum extraction parameters were 1500 psi, 120 °C and aqueous ethanol (50:50, v/v). The influence of different drying methods (vacuum-, freeze- and spray-drying) in the recovery of phenolic compounds was also evaluated. A total of 16 compounds from EVOO were identified in the extracts, 3 of them being hydroxytyrosol-related compounds, 6 substances of oleoside and elenolic acid derivatives, together with 6 secoiridoids and 1 lignan. The results highlighted the great number of phenolic compounds recovered from filter cake with these techniques, being even higher than the reported content in EVOO and other byproducts. The combination of PLE and freeze-drying resulted in being the best procedure for the recovery of phenolic compounds from filter cake byproduct.

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2

Appiagyei, Benjamin, Souful Bhatia, Gabriela L. Keeney, Troy Dolmetsch, and James E. Jackson. "Electroactivated alkylation of amines with alcohols via both direct and indirect borrowing hydrogen mechanisms." Green Chemistry 22, no. 3 (2020): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03747k.

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3

Sevimli-Gur, Canan, Yuksel Gezgin, Ahmet Oz, Shaymaa Al Sharqi, Zinar Pinar Gumus, and Nurhan Turgut Dunford. "Biological Activity of the Extracts from Pecan Shelling Industry Byproducts." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14439.

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HighlightsThe first study on characterization of the extracts obtained from industrial pecan nut processing byproducts.Chemical composition and biological activity of the extracts varied with type of byproduct and the pecan cultivars used in the process.Pecan shell extracts exhibited anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.Abstract. Industrial processing of pecan nuts produces large amounts of shells, which have economic significance for pecan growers and processors. Hence, it is imperative that valorization of pecan processing byproducts is explored. In this study, byproducts from commercial pecan shelling operations were evaluated as potential sources of biologically active phytochemicals. Shelling byproducts from Pawnee, Native, and Stuart cultivars were examined. Aqueous ethanol shell extracts were analyzed for their chemical composition using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). Total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, anticancer activity, and antimicrobial activity of the samples were investigated. The chemical composition and biological activity of the shell extracts varied significantly with the pecan cultivar and type of byproduct stream used in the study. The presence of nut meat pieces in the byproducts resulted in high oil content in the extracts. The extract from Pawnee cultivar showed high DDPH activity, low IC50 for cancer cell lines, and high IC50 for the healthy cell line (Vero). Extracts from all cultivars had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at relatively high disk loadings. This is the first study on the biological activity of extracts obtained from commercial pecan shelling byproducts. The findings of this study have significant practical implications and provide the initial data much needed for valorization of industrial pecan shelling byproducts. Keywords: Anticancer activity, Antimicrobial activity, Chemical composition, Pecan shell extract.

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4

Yang, Gongzheng, Qian Li, Kaixuan Ma, Cheng Hong, and Chengxin Wang. "The degradation mechanism of vanadium oxide-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 16 (2020): 8084–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta00615g.

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5

Abou Mehrez, O., F. Masri, M. Baroudi, and F. Dossier-Berne. "Aqueous oxidation of acetaminophen with monochloramine." Water Supply 18, no. 5 (December 22, 2017): 1769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.242.

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Abstract The reactivity of the common pain reliever acetaminophen (paracetamol or 4-acetamidophenol) with monochloramine in aqueous solution was investigated in this study. Initially, monochloramine demands of acetaminophen (AAP) and its chlorination byproduct, 1,4-benzoquinone, were determined in excess of oxidant at pH 8.5 and 25 °C. Monochloramine demands of AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone were respectively 1.2 (±0.2) and 4.4 (±0.3) mol/mol after 72 h of reaction. Chlorination reactions were also conducted under the same experimental conditions in order to compare the oxidant demands and the reactivity of free chlorine and monochloramine toward AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone. Chlorine demands of AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone were much more important than monochloramine demands and respectively accounted for 13.4 (±0.2) and 6.8 (±0.5) mol/mol. The reaction of AAP with monochloramine was monitored using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance (HPLC-UV). AAP reacted with monochloramine to form simultaneously two first byproducts. The half-life of reaction was estimated to be 90 min. The apparent second-order rate constant (kapp2) for the reaction of AAP with monochloramine at pH 8.5 was 231 M−1·h−1.

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6

Gu, Yexuan, Xuesong Zhang, Brian Deal, Lujia Han, Jilu Zheng, and Haoxi Ben. "Advances in energy systems for valorization of aqueous byproducts generated from hydrothermal processing of biomass and systems thinking." Green Chemistry 21, no. 10 (2019): 2518–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc03611j.

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7

Liu, Tao, Xue Zhang, Zejun Peng, and Junfeng Zhao. "Water-removable ynamide coupling reagent for racemization-free syntheses of peptides, amides, and esters." Green Chemistry 23, no. 24 (2021): 9916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc03498g.

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A water-removable ynamide coupling reagent for racemization-free construction of amide and ester bonds was reported. No column chromatography purification was involved because acidic aqueous work-up removed the byproduct completely.

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8

Zhou, Hui, Hsin Wang, Frédéric A. Perras, Pranjali Naik, Marek Pruski, Aaron D. Sadow, and Igor I. Slowing. "Two-step conversion of Kraft lignin to nylon precursors under mild conditions." Green Chemistry 22, no. 14 (2020): 4676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc01220c.

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Treatment of Kraft lignin, massive byproduct of pulping industry, with dilute aqueous base followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the extracted monomers at ambient pressure yields KA oil, the precursor of high demand nylon polymer.

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9

Baruah, Shyamal, Alexander Fisyuk, Ivan V. Kulakov, and Amrit Puzari. "An Atom Economic Acid Catalyzed Synthetic Method for Aromatic Imines." Asian Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ajcps/2017/10991.

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A new one-pot acid catalyzed synthetic methodology has been described for synthesis of aromatic imines. The reaction is carried out under microwave irradiation using minimum amount of methanol as solvent. Aqueous solution of the acid catalyst act as solvent for amine dissolution. The reaction yields substantial yield of product imine. The simplicity and environmentally benign nature of the process are the most notable features. The process can also be extended to include wide number of substrates. Product of the reaction can be isolated by simple procedure. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions without heating to a higher temperature which eventually prevents the formation of nitrile byproducts in the reaction. Byproduct formation was significantly less during the reaction.

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10

Jusner, Paul, Markus Bacher, Hubert Hettegger, Huy Quang Lê, Antje Potthast, Herbert Sixta та Thomas Rosenau. "On the chemical interactions of the biomass processing agents γ-valerolactone (GVL) and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)". Green Chemistry 23, № 16 (2021): 5832–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc01777b.

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Biomass pretreatment with aqueous NMMO and digestion in GVL are common in biorefineries but their combination can lead to output loss, byproduct generation and uncontrollable reactions. The chemistry of the NMMO/GVL system is investigated in detail.

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11

Bora, Porag, Pranjal P. Bora, Barisha Wahlang, and Ghanashyam Bez. "Michael addition at neutral pH: a facile synthesis of 1,3-dinitroalkanes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 12 (December 2017): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0257.

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Base-catalyzed Michael addition of nitroalkane to conjugated nitroalkene suffers serious practical difficulties due to the formation of oligomeric byproduct. Given its importance for synthesis of pharmacologically relevant organic compounds, a scalable synthesis of 1,3-dinitroalkane is developed by addition of nitroalkane to nitroalkene in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 with no added traditional base catalyst.

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12

Simon, Fruzsina, Mária Szabó та István Fábián. "pH controlled byproduct formation in aqueous decomposition of N-chloro-α-alanine". Journal of Hazardous Materials 362 (січень 2019): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.004.

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13

Romani, Arianna, Fabio Casciano, Claudia Stevanin, Annalisa Maietti, Paola Tedeschi, Paola Secchiero, Nicola Marchetti, and Rebecca Voltan. "Anticancer Activity of Aqueous Extracts from Asparagus officinalis L. Byproduct on Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 6369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216369.

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Cultivation of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.; Asp) for food and medicinal use has taken place since the early Roman Empire. Today, Asp represents a worldwide diffuse perennial crop. Lower portions of the spears represent a food industry waste product that can be used to extract bioactive molecules. In this study, aqueous extracts derived from the non-edible portion of the plant (hard stem) were prepared and characterized for chemical content. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and bioactivity of Asp aqueous extracts were assessed in vitro on normal fibroblasts and on breast cancer cell lines. Results showed no interference with fibroblast viability, while a remarkable cytostatic concentration-dependent activity, with significant G1/S cell cycle arrest, was specifically observed in breast cancer cells without apoptosis induction. Asp extracts were also shown to significantly inhibit cell migration. Further analyses showed that Asp extracts were characterized by specific pro-oxidant activity against tumoral cells, and, importantly, that their combination with menadione resulted in a significant enhancement of oxidants production with respect to menadione alone in breast cancer cells but not in normal cells. This selectivity of action on tumoral cells, together with the easiness of their preparation, makes the aqueous Asp extracts very attractive for further investigation in breast cancer research, particularly to investigate their role as possible co-adjuvant agents of clinical drug therapies.

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14

Nowrouzi, Najmeh, and Mohammad Zareh Jonaghani. "Highly selective mono-N-benzylation and amidation of amines with alcohols or carboxylic acids using the Ph2PCl/I2/imidazole reagent system." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 6 (June 2012): 498–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-021.

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Chlorodiphenylphosphine, imidazole, and molecular iodine in refluxing dichloromethane are used for the efficient preparation of amides under mild reaction conditions. This reagent system also shows excellent selectivity for mono-N-alkylation of amines with alcohols. In this system, the resulting phosphorus byproduct (diphenylphosphinic acid) is easily removed by extraction using an aqueous basic solution in the workup processes, which avoids the tedious and time-consuming chromatographic methods.

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15

Rodrigues, Luís, Elisabete Coelho, Renata Madeira, Pedro Teixeira, Isabel Henriques, and Manuel A. Coimbra. "Food Ingredients Derived from Lemongrass Byproduct Hydrodistillation: Essential Oil, Hydrolate, and Decoction." Molecules 27, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 2493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082493.

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Essential oil (EO), hydrolate, and nondistilled aqueous phase (decoction) obtained from the hydrodistillation of lemongrass byproducts were studied in terms of their potential as food ingredients under a circular economy. The EO (0.21%, dry weight basis) was composed mainly of monoterpenoids (61%), the majority being citral (1.09 g/kg). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of lemongrass EO against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus, were 617, 1550, and 250 μg/mL, respectively. This effect was dependent on the citral content. Particularly for Gram-negative bacteria, a synergism between citral and the remaining EO compounds enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The polymeric material obtained from the nondistilled aqueous phase was composed of phenolic compounds (25% gallic acid equivalents) and carbohydrates (22%), mainly glucose (66 mol%). This polymeric material showed high antioxidant activity due to bound phenolic compounds, allowing its application as a functional dietary fiber ingredient. Matcha green tea formulations were successfully mixed with lemongrass hydrolate containing 0.21% EO (dry weight basis) with 58% of monoterpenoids, being citral at 0.73 g/kg, minimizing matcha astringency with a citrus flavor and extending the product shelf life. This holistic approach to essential oils’ hydrodistillation of Cymbopogon citratus byproducts allows for valorizing of the essential oil, hydrolate, and decoction for use as food ingredients.

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16

Dalmau, Esperanza, Carmen Rosselló, Valeria Eim, Cristina Ratti, and Susana Simal. "Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Biocompounds from Orange Byproduct: Experimental Kinetics and Modeling." Antioxidants 9, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040352.

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Orange byproduct (flavedo and albedo) from juice extraction, was used as raw material for this study. Kinetics of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity was experimentally determined during both conventional (agitation at 80 rpm) and ultrasound assisted (at 520 and 790 W/L) aqueous extraction from orange byproduct at 5, 15, and 25 °C. An extraction mathematical model was also developed. Significant increase of biocompounds extraction yields was observed as temperature and acoustic power density increased. Ultrasound assistance allowed higher yields at lower temperatures and shorter times. Yields of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity obtained with ultrasound extraction (790 W/L, 25 °C, 3 min) were 29%, 39%, and 197% higher, respectively, than those obtained by conventional extraction. The extraction kinetics curves were properly represented by the Weibull model for both conventional and acoustic extraction (mean relative error lower than 5%). Naringin, neohesperidin, and hesperidin were the main phenolic compounds found in the extracts, followed by ferulic, sinapic, and cuomaric acids. Neohesperidin, hesperidin, coumaric acid, and sinapic acid presented the highest yields, especially when extraction was assisted by ultrasound. Meanwhile, naringin and ferulic acid were extracted in a lesser extent, most likely due to their lipophilic character.

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17

Gonçalves Jr., Affonso C., Fernanda Rubio, Ana P. Meneghel, Gustavo F. Coelho, Douglas C. Dragunski, and Leonardo Strey. "The use of Crambe abyssinica seeds as adsorbent in the removal of metals from waters." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 17, no. 3 (March 2013): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662013000300009.

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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of crambe seeds (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) as adsorbent material in the removal of the toxic metals cadmium, lead and chromium from contaminated solutions. The byproduct was obtained from oil extraction of crambe seeds in a Soxhlet system. In kinetic tests, the adsorbent masses had varied in solutions containing the metals under pH 5.0 and 7.0. Metal concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). According to optimal conditions found, the adsorption assays were performed for obtaining the isotherms of each metal, which were linearized in agreement with the mathematical models of Langmuir and Freundlich. According to the obtained results, the adsorbent was effective in removing the assessed metals in aqueous solutions, being feasible its employment as an alternative material for the adsorption of metals, besides being a byproduct, which has undergone no prior treatment.

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18

Pang, Qiang, Hainan Zhao, Ruqian Lian, Qiang Fu, Yingjin Wei, Angelina Sarapulova, Junqi Sun, Chunzhong Wang, Gang Chen, and Helmut Ehrenberg. "Understanding the mechanism of byproduct formation with in operando synchrotron techniques and its effects on the electrochemical performance of VO2(B) nanoflakes in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 19 (2020): 9567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta00858c.

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19

Huang, Xia Ni, Shu Liu, Chao Wang, Da Chen, and Yue Xiang Huang. "On-Demand Hydrogen Generator Based on the Reaction between Aluminum Slurry and Alkaline Solution." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3242.

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In the present work, the aqueous slurry containing 30 wt% solid aluminum particles was prepared, using paraffin oil and oleic acid dispersant and surface active agent respectively. The results showed that no obvious aluminum particle sediment was observed even after being kept it at room temperature in air up to 15 days. The hydrogen generator based on the reaction of the aluminum slurry and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was manufactured and could supply a maximum hydrogen flow rate of 20 NL/min. The dew point of the hydrogen from the generator was lower than -40oC, indicating the high purity of the as-obtained hydrogen. As expected the X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the byproduct was bayerite.

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20

Alemany, L. J., M. C. Jiménez, M. A. Larrubia, F. Delgado, and J. M. Blasco. "Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on to Coal Fly Ash." Adsorption Science & Technology 13, no. 6 (December 1996): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749601300609.

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The present work examines the possible use of fly ash, a byproduct of coal power stations, as a means of removing phenol from water, or equivalently, of restricting its movement in solid wastes or soil. Equilibrium experiments were performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of fly ash. The adsorption experiments were undertaken using fly ash treated at three different pH levels and with three different temperatures. The results indicate that although phenol can be removed from water, this depends markedly on the temperature and pH value of the treatment solution employed.

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21

Padhi, R. K. "Carbonaceous DBP (THMs and HAAs) formation during Cl₂ and ClO₂ treatment of aqueous soluble fractions of soil derived natural organic matter." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 8, no. 3 (2022): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00716e.

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Organic content from composite soil samples was isolated, fractionated into hydrophilic, hydrophobic and transphilic constituents and their potential for disinfection byproduct formation during Cl2 and ClO2 treatment was evaluated.

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22

Muthaiah, Senthilkumar, and Anita Bhatia. "Synthesis of a Water-Soluble Ruthenium Complex and Its Catalytic Activity for Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation in Aqueous Medium." Synlett 29, no. 12 (June 18, 2018): 1644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610177.

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The synthesis of a ruthenium complex bearing a PN-chelating ligand is described. The complex, in the presence of KOH, enabled the synthesis of ketones from secondary alcohols in the absence of a hydrogen acceptor in aqueous medium. This synthetic protocol, which uses water as the medium, is green and has a high atom economy as it avoids the use of an acceptor and produces hydrogen as the sole byproduct. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the catalytic cycle involves a phosphine dissociative pathway.

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23

Puglisi, Roberto. "In Vitro Assessment of the Antioxidant Properties of Aqueous Byproduct Extracts of Vitis vinifera." Food technology and biotechnology 57, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.57.01.19.5879.

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Aqueous extracts were obtained at low temperature with the Naviglio technology from grapevine stalks (Merlot), marc (Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon) and leaves (Merlot) as typical byproducts of winemaking industry, and their properties were evaluated cytofluorometrically on human dermal fibroblasts. Leaf extracts had the greatest total phenolic ((47.6±3.5) mg/g) and proanthocyanidin ((24.2±0.1) mg/g) contents compared to the others. The preliminary colorimetric MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay individuated two consecutive non-toxic volume fractions of each extract (from 0.8 to 12.8 %) that were adopted for three cytofluorometric tests. The first cell membrane test did not evidence any harmful effects against plasma membranes at the two non-toxic volume fractions. The second mitochondrial membrane test showed a decreased (p<0.01) percentage of cells ((15.7±8.3) vs (32.5±1.3) %) with active polarized mitochondrial membranes at the higher non-cytotoxic volume fractions of extracts from Cabernet Sauvignon marc in response to 4.5 mM H2O2, and from Merlot stalks (p<0.05) at 1.5 mM H2O2 ((49.3±6.1) vs (64.6±2.4) %) and without H2O2 ((89.7±2.4) vs (96.9±1.8) %), compared to the controls submitted to the same H2O2 concentration. Conversely, mitochondrial activity of leaf extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased ((96.3±1.8) and (96.4±1.4) %) after treatment with 0.5 mM H2O2 at both non-cytotoxic volume fractions compared to control ((88.2±1.1) %). Finally, as evidenced by the third oxidative status test, stalk extracts did not evidence relevant effects on the cellular oxidative state, while the extracts of marc and leaves demonstrated significantly medium (p<0.05) to highly (p<0.001) positive effects following exposure to H2O2 ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 mM, compared to controls.

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24

Ribeiro, Ivan Célio Andrade, Jéssica Cristina Teodoro, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme, and Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo. "Hydroxyl-eggshell: A novel eggshell byproduct highly effective to recover phosphorus from aqueous solutions." Journal of Cleaner Production 274 (November 2020): 123042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123042.

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25

Contreras, María del Mar, Irene Gómez-Cruz, Inmaculada Romero, and Eulogio Castro. "Comparison of Untapped Agroindustrial Olive Resources with Olive Leaves." Proceedings 79, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecbm2020-08585.

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Olive leaves are a source of valuable compounds with applications in the phytopharmacy sector, among others. Nevertheless, there are untapped olive resources that can give new clues for the discovery of natural bioactive compounds. Therefore, in this study the antioxidant composition of exhausted olive pomace (EOP) and a new byproduct, the residual fraction from olive pit cleaning (RFOPC), was characterized and compared to olive leaves, which have been extensively studied as a source of bioactive compounds. The chemical characterization showed that all of these byproducts contain high amounts of extractives; in all cases it was higher than 26%. This is interesting since the extractive fraction contains non-structural compounds, including phenolic compounds and triterpenic acids. Then, ultrasound-assisted extraction was applied to recover phenolic compounds from this fraction using an aqueous–ethanolic solution. All the extracts showed antioxidant properties and the total phenolic content ranged from 69 (RFOPC) to 140 (EOP) g of gallic acid equivalents/kg dry weight. The profile obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was different, suggesting some chemical differences in the phenolic composition. Moreover, some triterpenic acids were characterized, which suggest that multifunctional ingredients can be obtained.

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Chen, Lan, and Yu Heng Quan. "Effect of Gas Flow Rate on Degradation of 2,4-D with O₃ and O₃/H₂O₂." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.221.

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The effect of gas flow rate on degradation of chlorinated phenoxy acetic acids herbicide 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in aqueous solution with O3 or O 3/H 2O2 process was investigated in a bubbling semi-batch reactor. The experiments were conducted to study the degradation rate constant, mass transfer condition, ozone consumption and formation of byproduct hydrogen peroxide at different gas flow rates. The results show that gas flow rate is a complicated parameter in the process. The contact time of gas and liquid phase varies with different gas flow rate, consequently ozone mass transfer condition changes with different gas flow rates. The production rate of ozone, amount of ozone in the end gas and ozone consumption during the degradation with ozonation and O 3/H2O2 process vary with different of gas flow rates. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct during the ozonation or O3/H2O2 process of 2,4-D. The production rate of hydrogen peroxide is also affected by the gas flow rate. In general gas flow rate has both positive and negative effect on the 2,4-D degradation.

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27

Liu, Ya Li, Xiu Rong Zhao, Dan Ma, Yu Fei Li, and Run Ping Han. "Adsorption of Copper (II) from Solution by Wheat Husk in Batch Mode." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1093.

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Wheat husk, an agriculture byproduct, was used to adsorb copper (II) from aqueous solutions. Variables of the system, including contact time, pH, salt concentration, and equilibrium copper concentration, were adopted to study their effects on copper (II) adsorption. The results showed that coexisted salt was not favor of adsorption and pH value near 5 was favor of adsorption. Adsorbent quantity of copper onto wheat husk increased with the equilibrium concentration increasing. The kinetic process can be predicted by Elovich model while the equilibrium data was fitted better by Freundlich model.

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28

Ribeiro, Ivan Célio Andrade, Isabela Cristina Filardi Vasques, Jéssica Cristina Teodoro, Marcelo Braga Bueno Guerra, Jefferson Santana da Silva Carneiro, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo, and Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme. "Fast and effective arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by a novel low-cost eggshell byproduct." Science of The Total Environment 783 (August 2021): 147022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147022.

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29

Wu, Changlong, and Karl G. Linden. "Degradation and byproduct formation of parathion in aqueous solutions by UV and UV/H2O2 treatment." Water Research 42, no. 19 (December 2008): 4780–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.08.023.

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30

Chanprapai, Pragatsawat, Thanaporn Wichai, Sarintip Sooksai, Sajee Noitang, Weradaj Sukaead, Winatta Sakdasri, and Ruengwit Sawangkeaw. "Aqueous Extracts of Lemon Basil Straw as Chemical Stimulator for Gray Oyster Mushroom Cultivation." Foods 11, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091370.

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To reduce the burning of lemon basil straw (LBS)—the byproduct of basil seed production—we propose utilizing LBS as a replacement substrate for mushroom cultivation. LBS can stimulate both mycelial growth and percentage biological efficiency; however, the rigidity of this material limits particle size reduction. In this work, aqueous extractions were facilely performed without using either hazardous chemicals or complex procedures to valorize LBS as a stimulator for gray oyster mushroom cultivation. An aqueous extraction at solid-to-liquid of 50 g/L was employed. The macerated-LBS and decocted-LBS extracts were tested for mycelial growth in potato dextrose agar and sorghum grains. Following this, both aqueous extracts were applied as a wetting agent in cylindrical baglog cultivation to estimate mycelial growth, biological efficiency, and productivity. It was found that LBS extracts insignificantly enhanced the mycelia growth rate on all media, while the diluted LBS (1:1 v/v) extracts improved 1.5-fold of percentage biological efficiency. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer results indicated 9-octadecaenamide is a major component in LBS aqueous extract. Results demonstrated that the LBS extract is a good stimulator for the production of Pleurotus mushroom.

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31

S. Freitas, Cyntia, Genilton Alves da Silva, Daniel Perrone, Mauricio A. Vericimo, Diego dos S. Baião, Patrícia R. Pereira, Vânia M. F. Paschoalin, and Eduardo M. Del Aguila. "Recovery of Antimicrobials and Bioaccessible Isoflavones and Phenolics from Soybean (Glycine max) Meal by Aqueous Extraction." Molecules 24, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010074.

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Soybeans display strategic potential in food security as a source of protein and functional bioactives for human consumption. Polyphenols and other bioactive compounds can be recovered after an aqueous extraction from soybean meal, a byproduct of soy oil refining. The objective of the present study was to compile and quantify compounds from soybean oil refinery by-products, providing information about valuable bioactive phytochemicals, their bioaccessibility and potential bioactivities. Genistin, daidzin, glycitin and malonylgenistin were the predominant isoflavones, and the overall bioaccessibility of their glycosidic forms was of nearly 75%. Sixteen phenolics were identified and caffeic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic chlorogenic acid and hesperidin were the most predominant. Approximately 30% of gallic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and myricetin were released and the antioxidant capacity of aqueous extract was enhanced after simulated in vitro gastro intestinal digestion. The ability of aqueous soybean meal extract to inhibit lipid peroxidation was higher than natural and synthetic food antioxidants. Antimicrobial activity against several foodborne pathogens and antitumoral activity towards human glioblastoma cell line were also observed, but the aqueous extract showed no cytotoxicity to healthy murine cells. Compounds derived from the aqueous soybean meal extract have the potential to be used as health promoting agents.

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32

Abidin, Zurina Zainal, Haddadian Zahra, M. A. Shavandi, Mohd Halim Shah Ismail, and Fakhru'l-Razi Ahmadun. "Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solution by Hylocereus undatus (Dragon Fruit) Foliage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.864.

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Dragon fruit foliage in its natural form was applied for decolorization of methyleneblue,a cationic dye from aqueous solution. The effects of major parameters like initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, temperature and contact time were investigated in batch experimental set-up. The optimum values for removal of methylene blue were identified to be pH 9.0 with 30 hours contact time using 1.2 g L−1biosorbent dosage at 250mg L−1 initial dye concentration. The present results suggested that foliage of dragon fruit can be a potential agricultural byproduct to be used as an environmental friendly and low cost biosorbent.

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Kataki, P., and A. G. Taylor. "Respiratory Byproduct—Ethanol: An Indicator of Lettuce and Sweet Corn Seed Quality." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 870B—870. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.870b.

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The production of ethanol under anaerobic and aerobic conditions is suggested as a sensitive indicator of seed aging. Seeds of sweet corn (Zea mays L. `Jubilee') and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. `Salinas') were aged at 75% relative humidity and 45C to obtain five aged seed lots and compared to a nonaged control sample. The percent germination decreased while percent abnormal seedlings initially increased with seed aging. Anaerobic treatments were induced either by immersing seeds in distilled water for sweet corn or in a solution of 50 mM glucose and 5 mM KPO4 buffer adjusted to pH 5.6 for lettuce. Aerobic treatments were performed by placing seeds in a plastic chamber filled with a known amount of glass beads sufficiently moistened to allow imbibition. Ethanol was measured after 12 and 24 hours from lettuce and sweet corn, respectively. Aqueous extracts were analyzed by immobilized enzyme technology and verified by gas chromatography. Anaerobiosis induced large amounts of ethanol production compared to aerobic treatments. The amount of ethanol decreased with seed aging duration under anaerobic conditions while these trends were generally reversed under aerobic conditions. The ratio of ethanol produced under anaerobic compared to aerobic conditions was best able to separate differences in seed quality due to aging.

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34

Ferreira, Ana M., Hugo M. D. Gomes, João A. P. Coutinho, and Mara G. Freire. "Valorization of Spent Coffee by Caffeine Extraction Using Aqueous Solutions of Cholinium-Based Ionic Liquids." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137509.

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Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a waste product with no relevant commercial value. However, SCGs are rich in extractable compounds with biological activity. To add value to this coffee byproduct, water and aqueous solutions of cholinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were studied to extract caffeine from SCGs. In general, all IL aqueous solutions lead to higher extraction efficiencies of caffeine than pure water, with aqueous solutions of cholinium bicarbonate being the most efficient. A factorial planning was applied to optimize operational conditions. Aqueous solutions of cholinium bicarbonate, at a temperature of 80 °C for 30 min of extraction, a biomass–solvent weight ratio of 0.05 and at an IL concentration of 1.5 M, made it possible to extract 3.29 wt% of caffeine (against 1.50 wt% obtained at the best conditions obtained with pure water). Furthermore, to improve the sustainability of the process, the same IL aqueous solution was consecutively applied to extract caffeine from six samples of fresh biomass, where an increase in the extraction yield from 3.29 to 13.10 wt% was achieved. Finally, the cholinium bicarbonate was converted to cholinium chloride by titration with hydrochloric acid envisioning the direct application of the IL-caffeine extract in food, cosmetic and nutraceutical products. The results obtained prove that aqueous solutions of cholinium-based ILs are improved solvents for the extraction of caffeine from SCGs, paving the way for their use in the valorization of other waste rich in high-value compounds.

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35

& Faisal, Alquzweeni. "REMOVAL OF LEAD IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING GRANULAR IRON SLAG BYPRODUCT AS PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i2.1000.

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This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using iron slag by product as reactive materials in the porous reactive barriers technologies to achieve the principles of sustainability. Results reveal that the maximum adsorption capacity of iron slag (=2.309 mg/g) can be calculated by Langmuir model because it is more representative for adsorption data. This means that the chem-sorption is predominant mechanism for sorption of lead ions where the dissolution of calcium oxide by hydrolysis and ion exchange can enhance the removal of lead ions by iron oxide surface sites. In addition, the results of continuous tests conducted for 140 hours certified that the longevities of the barriers is proportional straightforwardly with the bed depth but it changed inversely with initial concentration of metal ions and flowrate. Hydraulic conductivity was recognized to remain approximately constant and this certify that there is no precipitation occurred through the removal process. The COMSOL software was proved its ability in the description of the measured breakthrough curves with high agreement.

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36

Wu, Kai, Binlin Dou, Hua Zhang, Dashuai Liu, Haisheng Chen, and Yujie Xu. "Aqueous phase reforming of biodiesel byproduct glycerol over mesoporous Ni-Cu/CeO2 for renewable hydrogen production." Fuel 308 (January 2022): 122014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122014.

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37

Sevilla-Morán, Beatriz, José L. Alonso-Prados, José M. García-Baudín, and Pilar Sandín-España. "Indirect Photodegradation of Clethodim in Aqueous Media. Byproduct Identification by Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, no. 5 (March 10, 2010): 3068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9034173.

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38

Doumer, Marta E., Miquel Vidal, Antonio S. Mangrich, and Anna Rigol. "Feasibility of using low-cost, byproduct materials as sorbents to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions." Environmental Technology 40, no. 17 (February 22, 2018): 2300–2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1440011.

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39

Govarthanan, Muthusamy, Min Cho, Jung-Hee Park, Jum-Suk Jang, Young-Joo Yi, Seralathan Kamala-Kannan, and Byung-Taek Oh. "Cottonseed Oilcake Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7412431.

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Agroindustrial byproduct mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using cottonseed oilcake (CSOC) extract. The aqueous silver nitrate formed stable silver nanoparticles with CSOC extract as a reducing agent for Ag+to Ag0. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (4 mM) significantly inhibited the growth of phytopathogens,Pseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiaeandRalstonia solanacearum. Further, cytotoxicity of AgNPs was evaluated using rat splenocyte cells. The splenocyte viability was decreased according to the increasing concentration of AgNPs and 90% of cell death was observed at 100 μg/mL.

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40

Shukla, Neelesh Bharti, Arati Varma, Esha Sharma, Preetika Sharma, Shrikant Ralebhat, and Bhupendra Magare. "Dope Dyed Viscose Fibers from Black Liquor Treated Carbon Black." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.1.4.

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Black liquor (BL), a byproduct generated during the kraft pulping process, was used as a source of alkaline lignin (AL) to stabilize aqueous dispersions of carbon black (CB). Black liquor-treated carbon black (BL-CB) samples were prepared by varying the BL/CB/water ratio and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. Improvement in dispersion of BL-CB with increased BL content was observed. The dope dyed viscose fibers were spun by addition of BL-CB to the viscose solution. These fibers exhibited deeper color strength than those obtained from conventional CB formulations at a comparable CB loading on the fiber.

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41

Wu, Ke, Yichen Ling, An Ding, Liqun Jin, Nan Sun, Baoxiang Hu, Zhenlu Shen, and Xinquan Hu. "A chromatography-free and aqueous waste-free process for thioamide preparation with Lawesson’s reagent." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (April 9, 2021): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.69.

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After completing the thio-substitution with Lawesson’s reagent, ethanol was found to be effective in the decomposition of the inherent stoichiometric six-membered-ring byproduct from the Lawesson’s reagent to a highly polarized diethyl thiophosphonate. The treatment significantly simplified the following chromatography purification of the desired thioamide in a small scale preparation. As scaling up the preparation of two pincer-type thioamides, we have successfully developed a convenient process with ethylene glycol to replace ethanol during the workup, including a traditional phase separation, extraction, and recrystallization. The newly developed chromatography-free procedure did not generate P-containing aqueous waste, and only organic effluents were discharged. It is believed that the optimized procedure offers the great opportunity of applying the Lawesson’s reagent for various thio-substitution reactions on a large scale.

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42

Caponio, Giusy Rita, Mirella Noviello, Francesco Maria Calabrese, Giuseppe Gambacorta, Gianluigi Giannelli, and Maria De Angelis. "Effects of Grape Pomace Polyphenols and In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on Antimicrobial Activity: Recovery of Bioactive Compounds." Antioxidants 11, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030567.

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Grape pomace (GP), a major byproduct obtained from the winemaking process, is characterized by a high amount of phenolic compounds and secondary plant metabolites, with potential beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, GP is a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. As people are paying more attention to sustainability, in this work, we evaluate two different extractions (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) of GP bioactive compounds. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of the GP extracts was performed to improve the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols. The antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assays) and the phenolic characterization of the extracts by UHPLC-DAD were evaluated. The antimicrobial effects of GP antioxidants in combination with a probiotic (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, and Listeria monocytogenes) were evaluated. As a result, an increase of antioxidant activity of aqueous GP extracts during the gastrointestinal digestion, and a contextual decrease of hydroalcoholic extracts, were detected. The main compounds assessed by UHPLC-DAD were anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes. Despite lower antioxidant activity, due to the presence of antimicrobial active compounds, the aqueous extracts inhibited the growth of pathogens.

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Chansuvarn, Woravith. "Removal of Phosphate from Wastewater Using Carbonized Filter Cake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.125.

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The aim of this work was to study the potential of the agricultural waste byproduct as a low-cost adsorbent for removal of phosphate ion (PO43-) from synthetic wastewater. The simple preparation of carbonized filter cake (CFC) was performed at 550°C. CFC was also characterized using FTIR, X-ray fluorescence analysis. The adsorptive parameters of batch experiment, such as pH of solution, dosage and contact time were systematically studied in order to the optimization condition. The optimum conditions of pH, contact time and adsorbent dose were to be 6, 60 min, and 2 g/L, respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to calculate the adsorption parameters that was able to describe the equilibrium isotherm and adsorptive mechanism. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CFC was estimated as 20.32 mg/g. The optimized condition was applied for phosphate removal from synthetic wastewater. The achieved phosphate removal efficiency from synthetic wastewater sample was to be 92.4%. Filter cake is a low-cost byproduct of sugar cane but it can also highly effective remove phosphate ion from aqueous solution. The modification of filter cake surface via chemical reaction as a new adsorbent in order to increase surface sites and high affinity with phosphate ion will also be further studied.

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Palomo, Ivan, Anibal Concha-Meyer, Mariane Lutz, Macarena Said, Bárbara Sáez, Adriana Vásquez, and Eduardo Fuentes. "Chemical Characterization and Antiplatelet Potential of Bioactive Extract from Tomato Pomace (Byproduct of Tomato Paste)." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020456.

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We examined the ability of tomato pomace extract (by-product) to affect platelet aggregation in healthy humans (clinical pilot study). In phase 1 the tolerance of participants (n = 15; 5 per dose level) ingesting tomato pomace extract across three dose levels (1, 2.5, and 10 g) was evaluated. Phase 2 was a single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design human (male, n = 99; 33 per group) pilot intervention trial investigating the acute and repeated dose effects (5 days) of different doses of tomato pomace extract (1 g, 2.5 g or placebo) on platelet aggregation ex vivo. Various flavonoids (coumaric acid, floridzin, floretin, procyanidin B2, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, and quercitin) and nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, and guanosine) were identified in the tomato pomace extract. The clinical study showed that the daily consumption of 1 g of aqueous extract of tomato pomace for 5 days exerted an inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation.

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45

Marshall Clark, J., M. W. Brooks, S. A. Woods, and W. M. Coli. "Enhanced Degradation of Pesticides in Aqueous Formulations Due to Addition of Calcium Chloride." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 2 (March 1987): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.2.260.

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Abstract Addition of technical flake CaCl2 to spray mixtures resulted in substantial alkalinization of all solutions. The pH values of CaCl2 solutions returned to neutral levels over time (e.g., usually in 24 hr) or could be returned rapidly to neutrality by the addition of CO2. These data indicate that the causative agent for alkalinization is Ca(OH)2, a byproduct in the Solvay process used to produce technical flake CaCl2. Under the alkaline conditions produced by the addition of technical flake CaCl2, enhanced degradation of formetanate (Carzol SP), benomyl (Benlate-50WP) and methomyl/(Lannate) was observed to be related directly to CaCl2 concentration. Azinphos-methyl (Guthion- 50WP) was found to be the most persistent pesticide under these experimental conditions. Chemical names used: (0,0-dimethyl-S-[(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin- 3(4H)-yl)methyl]phosphorodithioate (azinphos-methyl); methyl[1-[(bu-tylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate (benomyl); N,N dimethyl-N’-[3-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy] phenyljmethanimidamide (formetanate); methyl N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy] ethanimidothioate(methomyl).

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46

Santamaría, Leticia, Sophia A. Korili, and Antonio Gil. "Solketal Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon and a Metal–Organic Framework as Adsorbents." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 6852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226852.

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The worldwide rise in biodiesel production has generated an excess of glycerol, a byproduct of the process. One of the most interesting alternative uses of glycerol is the production of solketal, a bioadditive that can improve the properties of both diesel and gasoline fuels. Even with its promising future, not much research has been performed on its toxicity in aqueous environments. In this work, solketal adsorption has been tested with two different commercial adsorbents: an activated carbon (Hydrodarco 3000) and a metal–organic framework (MIL-53). Diclofenac and caffeine were also chosen as emerging contaminants for comparison purposes. The effect of various parameters, such as the adsorbent mass or initial concentration of pollutants, has been studied. Adsorption kinetics with a better fit to a pseudo-second-order model, intraparticle diffusion, and effective diffusion coefficient were studied as well. Various isotherm equation models were employed to study the equilibrium process. The results obtained indicate that activated carbon is more effective in removing solketal from aqueous solutions than the metal–organic framework.

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Liu, Jian-Bo, Lei Tang, Chao Li, Bin Hong Tang, Xia Xiao, Hu Wei Xing, and Mei-qiang Fan. "Hydrogen Generation of Al-La-Bi Alloy in Aqueous Inorganic Salt Solutions." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 15, no. 4 (April 10, 2012): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v15i4.47.

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A method for obtaining hydrogen from Al-La-Bi alloy in different solutions was investigated for the production of inexpensive, pure, and safe hydrogen for micro-fuel cells. The hydrogen generation amount and rate could be regulated by changing composition design or salt solutions. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hydrogen generation experiments, the hydrolysis byproduct La(OH)3 and inorganic salt solution stimulated the hydrolysis reaction of Al-La-Bi alloy and water, which was mostly based on micro galvanic cell between Al and Bi in the previous work. Increasing La content led to decrease particle size in the milling process which led to large special surface area and contact area of aluminum and water. Using inorganic salt solution such as Na2SnO3 solution might produce metal Sn which covered on Al surface and functioned as a cathode of a micro galvanic cell. The Al-13 wt%La-10 wt%Bi alloy yielded 1113 ml/g hydrogen with 100 % efficiency with 60 min at 343 K.

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48

Gao, Yuan, Lu Bai, Yi Tong Zhou, Li Ping Zhang, and Fan Xia Li. "Availability of Chemically Modified Wheat Straw Application on Oil Spill Clean up." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.301.

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In many countries, wheat straw is an abundant byproduct from wheat production in farming, only a minor portion of the straw is reserved as fuel, or raw materials for industry. In order to make good use of wheat straw, a series of materials based them are prepared by acylation grafting with propionic anhydride in a solvent-free system. The capability of the grafted straw to absorb oil from aqueous solution was studied and compared with the raw straw. It is found that wheat straw is more effectively at absorbing oil after chemically modification than the raw one in 15 minutes. And the grafted material is significantly more hydrophobic than the raw wheat straws. Characterization of chemically modified straw was performed by SEM, XRD.

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49

Eljamal, Osama, Junya Okawauchi, and Kazuaki Hiramatsu. "Product Rich in Phosphorus Produced from Phosphorus-Contaminated Water." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.261.

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The study investigates the capacity of different soils and byproduct materials on removal of phosphorus from water. The aim of this study has been drawn to gain a product rich in phosphorus, which can be recycled by the phosphorus industry or may directly be used as a fertilizer. For the development of this phosphorus removal and recovery method, batch and column experiments were carried out in the laboratory scale to evaluate the removal of phosphorus from water under dynamic conditions. Three columns were filled with mixed soils and marble dust and loaded with a phosphorus solution 100 mg/l concentration. The results showed that using the marble dust as adsorbent among other materials could be removing more than 93% of phosphorus from aqueous solution.

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50

Meneghel, Ana Paula, Affonso Celso Gonçalves, César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley, José Renato Stangarlin, Fernanda Rubio, and Herbert Nacke. "Studies of Pb2+ adsorption by Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds from an aqueous medium in a batch system." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.627.

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The efficiency of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seeds for removing lead ions (Pb2+) from water was evaluated. Parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent mass, contact time between solution and adsorbent, isotherms, thermodynamic, kinetics, and desorption were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacity of the biosorbent was found to be 12.24 mg g−1. In order to verify the effectiveness of this material, comparative studies were performed with activated carbon under the same optimal conditions for the construction of isotherms and the desorption process. Average desorption rate values led to the assumption that a strong interaction took place between the adsorbents and the metal ions. Thus, it has been concluded that the biosorbent studied herein can be considered very effective and feasible for remediating Pb2+-contaminated solutions, since this material is itself an untreated and low-cost byproduct.

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